View source for St Abbs

{{Short description|Village in Berwickshire, Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}
[[File:St abbs borders scotland.jpg|thumb|250px|right|St Abbs harbour as seen from the coastal path.]]

'''St Abbs''' is a small fishing village on the southeastern coast of Scotland, within the [[Coldingham]] parish of [[Scottish Borders]].

The village was originally known as ''Coldingham Shore'', the name St Abbs being adopted in the 1890s. The new name was derived from [[St Abb's Head]], a rocky promontory located to the north of the village, itself named after the 7th-century saint [[Æbbe of Coldingham]].

==History==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:StAbbsFishermen.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fishermen at St Abbs Harbour]] -->

[[File:St_Abbs_Lifeboat_leaves_St_Abbs_Harbour.jpg|thumb|right|St Abbs Lifeboat the Thomas Tunnock is based in St Abbs]]

St Abbs was originally called Coldingham Shore. Prior to any buildings the fishermen who worked their boats from the beach resided at Fisher's Brae in [[Coldingham]]. These fishermen had to carry their fishing gear one and a half miles down a path to where their fishing vessels were tied up. The path is now known as the Creel Path; creel is the local name for a [[lobster pot]].

The first building in St Abbs was constructed in about the middle of the 18th century followed later by a row of five cottages. This first row of houses was constructed in a traditional Scottish style with a central fire and a wide chimney. The walls were constructed of "clat and clay," a framework of wood interlaced with straw and daubed with moist clay.

By 1832 it is recorded that the inhabitants of the Shore comprised 16 families who, with 20 others residing in Coldingham, made their living by fishing. In addition to these residents, 30 people proceeded annually to the north for the [[herring]] fishing, which provided employment for 14 boats from the village.

The village was renamed at the end of the 19th century by the then-laird, [[Andrew Usher]], who played a major role in improving the fishing village and harbour.<ref name="StAbbs1">{{cite web |url=http://www.stabbsvisitorcentre.co.uk/the-visitor-centre/ |title=St Abbs|publisher=The Visitor Centre|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Usher purchased the Northfield estate on the edge of the village, enlarging and finishing the building of a countryside manor by the coastal shore in 1892.<ref name=StAbbs1/> He considered the local public hall inadequate and subsequently funded a new village hall and school, which was constructed in 1887 and is now occupied by the St Abbs visitor centre.<ref name=StAbbs1/> Usher also gave funds for the building of the local church in 1892 and the extension of the outer harbour wall in 1890.<ref name=StAbbs1/>

Local boarding house owner [[Isabel Cowe]] campaigned for St Abbs to have its own lifeboat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Iain E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZJyzgEACAAJ&dq=isabel+cowe&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj00O_-kPCJAxWZW0EAHfw7NfQQ6AF6BAgEEAI |title=Isabel Cowe: Shore Gull and Suffragist |date=May 2021 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers Limited |isbn=978-1-5289-8758-5 |language=en}}</ref> In November 1907 the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for Berwickshire, [[Harold Tennant]], announced that the [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution|Royal National Lifeboat Society]] had agreed to supply St Abbs with a lifeboat, and that the [[Board of Trade]] had also agreed to place life-saving apparatus at St Abbs as soon as possible.<ref>''The Berwickshire News'' 29 November 2007, "Looking Back", p. 13</ref>

[[File:Mauretaniastabbs.jpg|thumb|right|The [[RMS Mauretania (1906)|RMS ''Mauretania'']] during a speed trial off St Abbs, Scotland, 18 September 1907. The lighthouse and its buildings are still there and appear essentially the same.]]

On 5 September 1914, [[HMS Pathfinder (1904)|HMS ''Pathfinder'']] was sunk off [[St Abbs Head]] by the German ''[[SM U-21 (Germany)|U-21]]'', the first Royal Navy ship to be sunk by a U-boat.

St Abbs was the main subject of the book, ''Ebb Tide: Adrift on the Waves of Memory With the Fisher Folk of Berwickshire'', by Will Wilson.

==Village today==
St Abbs is a popular site for [[scuba divers]]. The sea around the village is unusually clear, in contrast to the more silt-laden coastal waters further to the north or south. These clear waters and the spectacular underwater scenery resulted in Britain's first [[St Abbs and Eyemouth Voluntary Marine Reserve|Voluntary Marine Reserve]] being established at St Abbs. The Marine Reserve was established on 18 August 1984 by [[David Bellamy]].

Shore diving to a depth of about 15 metres is possible from the rocks on the outside of the harbour wall. It is common for trainees to do initial sea dives here.

The double archway at "Cathedral Rock" is just 50 metres from the shore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stabbs.org/shorediving.html |title=St. Abbs Community Website » Shore Diving at St. Abbs |access-date=2008-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725022726/http://www.stabbs.org/shorediving.html |archive-date=25 July 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukdiving.co.uk/places/coastal/articles/st_abbs.htm|title = UK Diving Places to Dive}}</ref> Several small, nearby rocky islands, such as "Big Green Carr", "Broad Craig" and "Little Carr" are near to the harbour and can be easily circumnavigated underwater.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dcordes.freeuk.com/abbs.htm |title=St. Abbs and Eyemouth |access-date=2008-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917032558/http://www.dcordes.freeuk.com/abbs.htm |archive-date=17 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[File:St Abbs Visitor Centre.JPG|thumb|St Abbs Visitor Centre]]

A new visitor centre was opened in St Abbs in March 2011.<ref name="Visitor">{{cite web |title=St Abbs Visitor Centre|url=http://www.stabbsvisitorcentre.co.uk/the-visitor-centre/|access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> The centre is located in the former village hall, which was built in 1897 with funds made available by the [[whisky]] tycoon Andrew Usher.<ref name="Visitor"/>

St Abbs has its own privately funded independent voluteer [[St Abbs Lifeboat Station|Lifeboat Station]].<ref name="LifeboatBBC">{{cite news |title=Teacakes toasted at St Abbs lifeboat official launch|work=BBC News|date=17 September 2016|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-37360060|access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> The lifeboat station was originally established in 1911 following the sinking of the ''S.S. Alfred Erlandsen''.<ref name="BerwickshireNews">{{cite web |url=http://www.berwickshirenews.co.uk/news/local/all-news/the-loss-of-the-alfred-erlandsen-100-years-ago-led-to-lifeboat-station-for-st-abbs-1-239275 |title=The loss of the Alfred Erlandsen 100 years ago led to lifeboat station for St Abbs |author=Berwickshire News |date=10 October 2007 |access-date=10 January 2014}}</ref> The station was previously managed by the [[RNLI]] but following the withdrawal of the RNLI lifeboat in 2015, a local fundraising effort saw the station saved through public donations and generous funding from the [[Tunnock's]] bakery company. The lifeboat station became operational again on 17 September 2016 when the new lifeboat was christened the ''Thomas Tunnock'' and launched down the slipway.<ref name="LifeboatBBC"/>

The village also features in the 2019 superhero film ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' as the location of New Asgard, a town settled by the surviving Asgardians and led by [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]]. Following the film's release, the village saw a surge in tourism and popularity. The village sign has also been modified to say the village is twinned with New Asgard.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stv.tv/news/entertainment/1437338-scots-fishing-village-s-starring-role-in-avengers-endgame/|title = Scots fishing village has starring role in Avengers: Endgame}}</ref><ref name="bbc" />

In 2019, St Abbs featured as the "Isle of Eroda" in the music video of [[Harry Styles]]' single "[[Adore You (Harry Styles song)|Adore You]]". 
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/artists/inside-eroda-fictional-harry-styles-island-baffled-internet/amp/|title = Inside Eroda, the fictional Harry Styles island that's baffled the internet}}</ref>
{{Wide image|File:St Abbs pan.jpg|700px|center|St Abbs from the north}}

==People from St Abbs==

* [[William Dickson (chemist)|William Dickson]] [[FRSE]], chemist and educator.

==Twinned towns==
Signs have been erected throughout the village declaring that it has been twinned with "New Asgard", as it was the location of filming in ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]''.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-48174224|title = St Abbs 'twinned' with Avengers village|work = BBC News|date = 6 May 2019}}</ref> It also has been twinned with "Eroda", a fictitious island created by [[Harry Styles]] for his video [[Adore You (Harry Styles song)|Adore you (Harry Styles song)]].<ref name="global filming location">{{Cite web|url=https://globalfilmlocations.net/2019/12/29/harry-styles-adore-you-filming-locations/|title = Harry Styles – Adore You Filming Locations - Global Film Locations|date = 29 December 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of places in the Scottish Borders]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|St. Abbs}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606203008/http://www.scotborders.gov.uk/pdf/9635.pdf Local plan for St Abbs]
* [http://www.stabbsvisitorcentre.co.uk/ St Abbs Visitor Centre website]

{{coord|55.898|-2.131|type:city_region:GB-SCB|display=title}}
{{Berwickshire towns and villages}}
{{fishing history|expanded=villages}}
{{Recreational dive sites|reesit}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Berwickshire|Saint Abbs]]
[[Category:Villages in the Scottish Borders|Saint Abbs]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Scotland|Saint Abbs]]
[[Category:Underwater diving sites in Scotland]]
[[Category:Fishing communities]]
[[Category:Surfing locations in Scotland]]