View source for South Dunedin

{{Short description|Suburb of Dunedin, New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox New Zealand suburbs
| name = South Dunedin
| image = KingEdDunedin.jpg
| caption1 = King Edward Street, looking south from Cargill's Corner
| city1 =Dunedin
| city2 =
| ward =
| established =1876
| coordinates = {{coord|-45.8950|170.5012|region:NZ-OTA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| area = 189
| areasource = <ref name="Area"/>
| population = {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Hillside-Portsmouth Drive|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|South Dunedin|y}}|R}}|0}}
| popdate = {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y}}
| popsource = {{NZ population data 2023 SA2||||y}}
| trainstations =
| ferryterminals =
| airports =
| hospitals =
| map = {{infobox mapframe|coord={{coord|-45.8950|170.5012}}|zoom=13}}
| caption2 =
}}
{{Adjacent place
| centre = South Dunedin
| north = [[Central Dunedin]]
| northeast = [[Dunedin Harbourside]]
| east = ([[Otago Harbour]])
| southeast = [[Musselburgh, New Zealand|Musselburgh]]
| south = [[St Kilda, New Zealand|St Kilda]]
| southwest = [[Forbury, New Zealand|Forbury]]
| west = [[Caversham, New Zealand|Caversham]] 
| northwest = [[Mornington, Dunedin|Mornington]]
}}

'''South Dunedin''' is a major inner city suburb of the New Zealand city of [[Dunedin]]. It is located, as its name suggests, {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} to the south of the [[city centre]], on part of a large plain known simply as "The Flat". The suburb is a mix of industrial, retail, and predominantly lower-quality residential properties. 

The term South Dunedin is often used in a more general sense to refer to any or all of the various suburbs occupying The Flat, including [[St Kilda, New Zealand|St Kilda]], [[Forbury, New Zealand|Forbury]], [[Kensington, Dunedin|Kensington]], [[Musselburgh, New Zealand|Musselburgh]], and [[Tainui, New Zealand|Tahuna]].

==Geography==
The flat land which makes up much of Dunedin's heart is enclosed to the south and east by [[Otago Harbour]] and to the north and west by a ridge of hills. At the southern end of central Dunedin, these hills form a ridge that (prior to reclamation) came close to the line of the harbour. To the south of this lies a broad plain, initially swampy but now drained and expanded by reclamation. This plain is the site of South Dunedin.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitchell |first1=Charlie |title=Down Under: The community most-exposed to sea-level rise is also one of the poorest |url=https://interactives.stuff.co.nz/2019/11/south-dunedin-climate-change-sea-level-rise/ |access-date=18 July 2021 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225216/https://interactives.stuff.co.nz/2019/11/south-dunedin-climate-change-sea-level-rise/ |archive-date=27 June 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report  |last1=Goldsmith |first1=Michael|last2=Hornblow |first2=Sharon  |date=July 2016 |title=The Natural Hazards of South Dunedin |pages=6-9 |url=https://www.orc.govt.nz/media/2217/the-natural-hazards-of-south-dunedin-report-july-2016.pdf |publisher=[[Otago Regional Council]] |access-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003031400/https://www.orc.govt.nz/media/2217/the-natural-hazards-of-south-dunedin-report-july-2016.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>

The boundaries of South Dunedin are vaguely defined. Though the area was a separate borough briefly in the late nineteenth century, the borders which delimited that borough are no longer widely used as descriptors for South Dunedin. One major exception is South Dunedin's boundary with [[St Kilda, New Zealand|St Kilda]], which was a separate borough until far more recently. The line of Bay View Road is still seen as a border between South Dunedin and St Kilda. This notion is enhanced by the change of name of one of the suburbs' main arterial roads at this boundary, with King Edward Street becoming Prince Albert Road as it passes into St Kilda.

To the east, South Dunedin's natural limit is [[Otago Harbour]], and to the north a ridge of hills also forms a topographical boundary. At the foot of this ridge, however, lies the small suburb of [[Kensington, Dunedin|Kensington]] and parts of the much larger borough of [[Caversham, New Zealand|Caversham]]. Caversham also marks a limit at the western edge of South Dunedin, though in both cases the exact boundaries are not well-defined.

===Southern Endowment===
[[File:PortsmouthDrDunedin.jpg|thumb|right|Portsmouth Drive follows the route of the original 1912 causeway along the harbour's edge.]]
Much of eastern South Dunedin is land reclaimed from Otago Harbour. This area, which lies immediately to the west of the harbour's head, is known as the Southern Endowment,<ref name="HG113">Herd and Griffiths (1980), p. 113</ref> and covers an area of close to {{convert|100|ha|acre}}. The Southern Endowment was begun with rock removed during the cutting of [[Bell Hill, New Zealand|Bell Hill]] in the central city during the nineteenth century.<ref name="HG113"/> This largely extended the area around the wharves close to the heart of the city, but did not extend any further south until 1912, when a causeway was built along the head of the harbour. As part of an [[Otago Harbour Board]] scheme to reclaim land for industrial use, dredges started to pump tailings into the area behind the causeway in the 1940s. Reclamation continued for many years, and was not officially completed until the opening of Portsmouth Drive, which runs along the route of the 1912 causeway at the harbour edge, in 1978.<ref>Hamel (2008), p. 1.12</ref>

Most of the area of the southern endowment is industrial and storage, though it does contain a small park close to the wharf area and the major sports complex of [[The Edgar Centre]] close to its southern edge.

===Cargill's Corner===
South Dunedin contains the city's second most important retail district, centred on Cargill's Corner, named for [[Otago]] provincial founder Captain [[William Cargill (New Zealand politician)|William Cargill]] (Hillside Road—at one time called Cargill Road—is named for his house, "Hillside", which lay some {{convert|0.5|km|mi}} to the north).<ref>Herd and Griffiths (1980), p. 40</ref> At this junction, two main suburban arterial routes—King Edward Street and Hillside Road—cross. A small shopping mall, South City, is located at Cargill's Corner.

Cargill's Corner had, for many years, Dunedin's only "[[Barnes Dance]]" pedestrian crossing. Its use was stopped during the 1980s. In 2011, Dunedin City Council considered reintroducing Barnes Dance control at Cargill's Corner as part of other improvements, but the work has since been completed without the change in traffic control.<ref>{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Chris |title=DCC staff consider cost of Barnes Dance conversion |url= http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/177067/dcc-staff-consider-cost-barnes-dance-conversion |accessdate=16 February 2013 |newspaper=[[Otago Daily Times]] |date=10 September 2011}}</ref>

King Edward Street is aligned roughly north-south, linking with the southern end of [[Princes Street, Dunedin|Princes Street]] and the centre city in the north with the densely populated coastal suburb of St Kilda. Hillside Road links Andersons Bay Road, a further major suburban arterial, in the east with the suburbs of [[Caversham, New Zealand|Caversham]], [[Corstorphine, New Zealand|Corstorphine]] and [[St Clair, New Zealand|Saint Clair]] in the west and southwest.

===Main roads===
[[File:Hillside Workshops Dunedin front, October 2024.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Hillside Workshops]] covers a large area of Hillside Road, South Dunedin.]]
Smaller, older shops stretch south along King Edward Street and west along Hillside Road from Cargill's Corner. To the east, along Hillside Road and Anderson's Bay Road are larger supermarkets and wholesalers, notably [[Pak'nSave]], [[The Warehouse Group|The Warehouse]], [[Woolworths (New Zealand supermarket chain)|Woolworths]], and [[Mitre 10 (New Zealand)|Mitre 10 Mega]]. Further along Anderson's Bay Road to the south and to the west on Hillside Road are numerous car sale yards and light industrial works. These extend into Caversham in the west, and across the reclaimed land which lies between Andersons Bay Road and Portsmouth Drive in the south and east. At its southern extreme, King Edward Street becomes increasingly residential, though there are also light industrial premises here.

Andersons Bay Road lies roughly parallel with King Edward Street some {{convert|0.5|km|mi}} to the east. This route, which roughly follows the original shoreline, connects with [[New Zealand State Highway 1|State Highway 1]] and Dunedin's one-way street system in the north, and with the suburb of [[Musselburgh, New Zealand|Musselburgh]] in the south. It also provides a major route from the centre city with [[Otago Peninsula]].

Portsmouth Drive, a further arterial route, lies a further {{convert|0.6|km|mi}} to the east along the edge of [[Otago Harbour]], at the edge of the reclaimed Southern Endowment. This route links the centre city with Portobello Road, the long, twisting route which travels the length of Otago Peninsula's harbour coast. It is named for Dunedin's [[United States|American]] sister city of [[Portsmouth, Virginia]].<ref>Herd and Griffiths (1980), p. 95</ref>

Other important roads in South Dunedin include Timaru Street on the Southern Endowment, and several streets which cross or meet King Edward Street, linking it with Anderson's Bay Road in the east or the suburbs of Saint Clair and Forbury in the west. These include Macandrew Road, Melbourne Street, McBride Street, and Bay View Road, the latter of which forms the boundary between South Dunedin and St Kilda.

==History==
===Geological history===
The South Dunedin plain was first formed about 18,000 years ago during the [[Last Glacial Period]]. At the time, the sea level was about 120 metres lower than today and the coastline stretched out as much as 35 km offshore further from its present extant. Following the Last Glacial Period, sea levels rose, reaching their present level about 7,000 years ago. The [[Otago Harbour]] was a former stream valley that was flooded during this period. During the post-glacial sea level rise, the South Dunedin plain was covered in ocean. A dune barrier was later formed between [[St Clair, New Zealand|St Clair]] and [[Lawyers Head]] through the flow of fine sediment from the [[Clutha River]] and other smaller catchments. After the barrier formed, fine sediment accumulated in the waters at the head of the Otago Harbour, causing the sea in that area to became increasingly shallow. The gradual sediment accumulation led to the formation of a coastal wetland known as the South Dunedin plain, which also became a land bridge between the mainland [[South Island]] and the [[Otago Peninsula]].{{sfn|Goldsmith et al|2016|p=6}} 

===19th century===
Prior to European settlement, much of South Dunedin was covered by salt marshes, wetlands and lagoons.  Local [[Māori people]] referred to this area as ''Kaituna'' (which translates as "eating eels") due to the abundance of [[eel]]s. A shallow lagoon also terminated through the salt dunes near St Clair.{{sfn|Goldsmith et al|2016|p=6}} This flat coastal area functioned as a [[drainage basin]] for the hilly, catchment area that formed the rest of Dunedin.<ref name="Stuff Down Under">{{cite news |last1=Mitchell |first1=Charlie |title=Down Under: The community most-exposed to sea-level rise is also one of the poorest |url=https://interactives.stuff.co.nz/2019/11/south-dunedin-climate-change-sea-level-rise/ |access-date=5 January 2025 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629113447/https://interactives.stuff.co.nz/2019/11/south-dunedin-climate-change-sea-level-rise/ |archive-date=29 June 2024}}</ref> European settlers referred to this area as "The Flat." As the city's population expanded during the [[Otago gold rush]], European settlers began reclaiming swampy land in "The Flat." The land was filled using sand from the coastal dunes of [[St Kilda, New Zealand|St Kilda]]. Consequently, much of South Dunedin was built on land consisting of soft, sandy sediment that was only slightly above the water table (which was up to 17 cm lower than the present day).<ref name="Stuff Down Under" />{{sfn|Goldsmith et al|2016|pp=9–10}}{{sfn|Goldsmith et al|2016|p=9}}

Early settlement of the area took place along the hill fringes at [[Caversham, New Zealand|Caversham]] and St. Clair. The arrival at St Clair of [[William Henry Valpy]] (1793–1852) in 1849 led to the first development of permanent roading in the area; Valpy, reputedly the wealthiest man in New Zealand,<ref>Reed (1975), p. 128</ref> had a branch dray road built from Dunedin's central settlement to his St. Clair farm which ran along the edge of what is now South Dunedin.<ref>Newton (2003), pp. 13–16</ref> With the rapid expansion of the city at the time of the [[Otago gold rush]] of the 1860s, settlement expended, notably around what is now Hillside Road.

Chinese settlers were notable among early residents in the St Clair area, and largely through their effort the swampy land inland from the beach was drained and converted into market gardens. Much of the young city's vegetable production was centred on Chinese allotments in an area close to what is now Macandrew Road, [[Forbury, New Zealand|Forbury]], and there were further allotments in both [[Andersons Bay]] and [[Tainui, New Zealand|Tainui]].<ref>Newton (2003) pp. 42–44</ref> The opening of a quarry in the Forbury area (which provided building materials for the young city) also increased the impetus towards development of the southern end of the city.{{Cn|date=January 2025}} South Dunedin became a borough in 1876.<ref name="Cyclopedia 1905">{{cite book |title=The Cyclopedia of New Zealand [Otago & Southland Provincial Districts] |date=1905 |publisher=The Cyclopedia Company, Ltd. |location=Christchurch |url=https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/webarchive/20210104000423/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc04Cycl-t1-body1-d2-d49-d2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105222654/https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/webarchive/20210104000423/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc04Cycl-t1-body1-d2-d49-d2.html |archive-date=5 January 2025}}</ref> 

During the late 19th century, [[marram grass]] was planted and sand-catching structures were also built along [[Ocean Beach, Otago|Ocean Beach]], creating high sand dunes south of present-day Victoria Road that runs across St Kilda and St Clair. To accommodate the expansion of housing in South Dunedin, drainage of the wet lands through the dunes was blocked off to prevent storm tides from coming in through these dunes.{{sfn|Goldsmith et al|2016|p=9}}

===20th century===
By 1905, South Dunedin had become a thriving industrial and residential suburb.<ref name="Cyclopedia 1905" />

{{quotation | "The Forbury public school, St. Patrick Catholic school, and a convent and orphanage are situated in the borough, which contains, also, the Dunedin City Corporation gasworks, a rope and twine factory, a fruit preserving factory, a box factory, and furniture workshops. There are Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Baptist, and Roman Catholic churches, and Salvation Army barracks; and members of the Church of Christ hold services in the Town Hall. The Borough Council has an endowment of 155 acres on the harbour front, which is leased, in small sections, to ratepayers who desire to build in that quarter. The Town Hall was built in 1902, at a cost of £2,118, and contains a spacious council-room, offices, and strong room. The hall is much used for lectures, dances, and other forms of entertainment, and is centrally situated on the Hillside road, the main business thoroughfare of the borough. There are four licensed hotels in the district, also a volunteer Fire Brigade and station, maintained at a cost of about £60 a year. The streets are well formed, and lighted with twenty-five gas lamps, and the footpaths are asphalted and kept in good order."}}

The South Dunedin borough amalgamated with Dunedin City in 1905, a year after its neighbour Caversham.<ref name="DCC mergers">{{cite web |title=Mergers enlarge city boundaries |url=http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/dunedin-history/dcc-history/mergers |publisher=[[Dunedin City Council]] |access-date=5 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611090445/http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/dunedin-history/dcc-history/mergers |archive-date=11 June 2009 |date=6 January 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

During the [[1923 New Zealand Storm]], South Dunedin along with Caversham and St Kilda experienced heavy rain and extensive flooding.<ref>{{cite web |title=April 1923 New Zealand Storm ( 1923-04-18 ) |url=https://hwe.niwa.co.nz/event/April_1923_New_Zealand_Storm |publisher=[[National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research]] |access-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125133559/https://hwe.niwa.co.nz/event/April_1923_New_Zealand_Storm |archive-date=25 January 2023 |date=2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

During the 1960s and 1970s, further land reclamation occurred between Andersons Bay Road and Portsmouth Drive through the use of dredging spoil excavated from [[Otago Harbour]]. This reclaimed land was used predominantly for commercial activity and including a pumping station on Portobello Road.{{sfn|Goldsmith et al|2016|p=11}}

As part of the [[Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand|Fourth Labour Government]]'s local government reforms, the St Kilda Borough Council was merged into the newly formed [[Dunedin City Council]] in November 1989.<ref name="DCC mergers" />

===21st century===
In June 2015, South Dunedin experienced [[2015 Otago flood|heavy flooding]] after a low weather system brought heavy rain to the coastal Otago region. Flood damage was exacerbated by the area's high water table and the breakdown of the [[Portobello, New Zealand|Portobello]] pumping station. 1,200 homes and businesses were damaged by flood damage, with total flood damage reaching $138,000,000.<ref name="Stuff Down Under" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Dunedin council concedes flood fault |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/306888/dunedin-council-concedes-flood-fault |access-date=30 August 2021 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=21 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108131441/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/306888/dunedin-council-concedes-flood-fault |archive-date=8 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> This flood was caused by land reclamation, human settlement, roads and buildings disrupting the natural flood basin by preventing water from seeping into the ground.<ref name="Stuff Down Under" />

In early October 2024, parts of South Dunedin experienced heavy rainfall and flooding during the [[2024 Otago floods]]. 100 residents in [[Caversham, New Zealand|Caversham]] and [[Forbury, New Zealand|Forbury]] were forced to evacuate due to flooding.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Porteous |first1=Debby |title=Surrey St residents evacuated |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/surrey-st-residents-evacuated |access-date=7 October 2024 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]] |date=4 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005204338/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/surrey-st-residents-evacuated |archive-date=5 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 October 2024 |title='Worst is over': MetService downgrades rain warning for South |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/snow-roads-more-heavy-rain-come |access-date=13 October 2024 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007113659/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/snow-roads-more-heavy-rain-come|archive-date=7 October 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> A state of emergency was also declared in Dunedin on 3 October.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dunedin heavy rain and flooding state of emergency - what you need to know |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/nz-news/350439931/state-emergency-dunedin-what-you-need-know |access-date=3 October 2024 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=4 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003223932/https://www.stuff.co.nz/nz-news/350439931/state-emergency-dunedin-what-you-need-know |archive-date=3 October 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> In late January 2025, [[Mayor of Dunedin]] [[Jules Radich]] release a proposed NZ$44 million plan to mitigate future flooding in South Dunedin. This plan involved diverting the Bay View Road and New Street stormwater systems to a new pipe connected to the Portobello pumping station (NZ$1.9m), upgrading the Forbury Road pipe ($12m), and disconnecting the Hillside Road mains and pumping to the Orari Street outfall (NZ$15.2m). The draft 2025 budget also included allocating NZ$15 million for future medium-term flood alleviation work in South Dunedin. Dunedin City councillors voted by a margin of 13 to 1 to approve the plan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Littlewood |first1=Matthew |title=Plans set out to combat floods |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc/plans-set-out-combat-floods |access-date=14 February 2025 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]] |date=30 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207090341/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc/plans-set-out-combat-floods |archive-date=7 February 2025}}</ref>

===Mayors of South Dunedin Borough===
The following is a complete list of the mayors of South Dunedin Borough, from its inception in 1876, until its merger with Dunedin City in 1905:<ref>{{cite book |title=Cyclopedia of New Zealand: Otago & Southland provincial districts |chapter=South Dunedin |url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc04Cycl-t1-body1-d2-d49-d2.html |accessdate=15 September 2020 |year=1905 |publisher=Cyclopedia Company |location=Christchurch |pages=406–408}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ESD19050405.2.18 |title=Untitled |date=5 April 1905 |page=4 |work=Evening Star |accessdate=19 September 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" 
!
!Name
!Term
|-
|1 || Nicholas Moloney || 1876–1877
|-
|2 || Gabriel Hodges || 1877–1879
|-
|(1) || Nicholas Maloney || 1879–1880
|-
|3 || George McBride || 1880–1882
|-
|4 || Joseph Osmond || 1882–1883
|-
|5 || William Wardrop || 1883–1887
|-
|6 || Michael Sullivan || 1887–1890
|-
|(5) || William Wardrop || 1890–1892
|-
|7 || Henry Henderson || 1892–1893
|-
|8 || Ephraim Osborne || 1893–1894
|-
|(5) || William Wardrop || 1894–1895
|-
|9 || Charlie Fisher || 1895–1898
|-
|10 || Thomas Fiddis || 1898–1901
|-
|11 || Andrew Todd || 1901–1902
|-
|12 || John Chetwin || 1902–1904
|-
|13 || [[John Shacklock]] || 1904–1905 
|}

==Demographics==
South Dunedin comprises two statistical areas: Hillside-Portsmouth Drive, which contains the industrial and warehousing areas; and Bathgate Park, which contains the residential and commercial areas.

===Hillside-Portsmouth Drive===
Hillside-Portsmouth Drive covers {{Convert|1.36|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=28 December 2023|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Hillside-Portsmouth Drive|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Hillside-Portsmouth Drive|y}}|R}}/1.36|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>.

{{Historical populations|2006|105|2013|75|2018|99|percentages=pagr|align=left|title=Historical population for Hillside-Portsmouth Drive|source=<ref name="Census 2018 HPD"/>}}
Hillside-Portsmouth Drive had a population of 99 at the [[2018 New Zealand census]], an increase of 24 people (32.0%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census|2013 census]], and a decrease of 6 people (−5.7%) since the [[2006 New Zealand census|2006 census]]. There were 45 households, comprising 66 males and 33 females, giving a sex ratio of 2.0 males per female. The median age was 38.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 9 people (9.1%) aged under 15 years, 27 (27.3%) aged 15 to 29, 51 (51.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 15 (15.2%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 66.7% European/[[Pākehā]], 15.2% [[Māori people|Māori]], 9.1% [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pasifika]], 18.2% [[Asian New Zealanders|Asian]], and 3.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 27.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 60.6% had no religion, 24.2% were [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christian]], 6.1% were [[Hinduism in New Zealand|Hindu]], 6.1% were [[Islam in New Zealand|Muslim]] and 3.0% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 6 (6.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 21 (23.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $22,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 3 people (3.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 42 (46.7%) people were employed full-time, 12 (13.3%) were part-time, and 9 (10.0%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2018 HPD">{{NZ census 2018|Hillside-Portsmouth Drive (354300)|hillside-portsmouth-drive|Hillside-Portsmouth Drive}}</ref>

===Bathgate Park===
Bathgate Park statistical area, which was renamed South Dunedin for the 2023 Census, covers {{Convert|0.53|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area"/> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|South Dunedin|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|South Dunedin|y}}|R}}/0.53|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>.

{{Historical populations|2006|2,358|2013|2,310|2018|2,439|percentages=pagr|align=left|title=Historical population for Bathgrate Park|source=<ref name="Census 2018 BP"/>}}
Bathgate Park had a population of 2,439 at the [[2018 New Zealand census]], an increase of 129 people (5.6%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census|2013 census]], and an increase of 81 people (3.4%) since the [[2006 New Zealand census|2006 census]]. There were 1,233 households, comprising 1,119 males and 1,317 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.85 males per female. The median age was 49.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 324 people (13.3%) aged under 15 years, 405 (16.6%) aged 15 to 29, 1,032 (42.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 678 (27.8%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 78.8% European/[[Pākehā]], 12.8% [[Māori people|Māori]], 6.6% [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pasifika]], 8.7% [[Asian New Zealanders|Asian]], and 2.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 17.5, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 47.2% had no religion, 38.5% were [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christian]], 0.7% had [[Religion of Māori people|Māori religious beliefs]], 1.4% were [[Hinduism in New Zealand|Hindu]], 0.7% were [[Islam in New Zealand|Muslim]], 0.9% were [[Buddhism in New Zealand|Buddhist]] and 2.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 237 (11.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 705 (33.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $21,400, compared with $31,800 nationally. 69 people (3.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 687 (32.5%) people were employed full-time, 270 (12.8%) were part-time, and 90 (4.3%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2018 BP">{{NZ census 2018|Bathgate Park (354700)|bathgate-park|Bathgate Park}}</ref>

==Landmarks==
[[File:Mayfairdn.jpg|thumb|right|The Mayfair Theatre, King Edward Street]]
[[File:DnGasworksMuseum.jpg|thumb|right|Dunedin Gasworks Museum]]
[[File:OldCaledonianDunedin.jpg|thumb|right|The lawn bowls club and gymnasium are all that remain of the former Caledonian Ground.]]
The industrial heart of South Dunedin is the [[Hillside Railway Workshops]], located immediately to the west of Cargills Corner. These workshops cover some {{convert|8|ha|acre}} and stretch into the neighbouring suburb of Caversham. Other notable buildings in South Dunedin include the [[Mayfair Theatre, Dunedin|Mayfair Theatre]],<ref>[http://www.dunedinopera.co.nz/ Mayfair theatre website]</ref> close to Cargill's Corner, and the [[Edgar Sports Centre]],<ref>[http://www.edgarcentre.co.nz/ Edgar Centre website]</ref> at the southeastern extremity of the suburb on Portsmouth Drive. The Mayfair Theatre has a [[New Zealand Historic Places Trust]] (NZHPT) Category II classification <ref>{{NZHPT|7786|King Edward Picture Theatre (Former)|17 February 2013}}</ref>

The city's former main sports complex, [[Carisbrook]], is located close to the border of South Dunedin in Caversham. Another former stadium, the [[Caledonian Ground]], stood on ground now largely occupied by [[The Warehouse Group|The Warehouse]] retail store. It was relocated in 2000 to [[Logan Park, Dunedin|Logan Park]] in [[Dunedin North]].<ref>The Caversham Project. "[http://caversham.otago.ac.nz/resource/leisure/index.html Leisure: Sports for All]". 25 July 2003. Retrieved 4 May 2009.</ref> The junction of Andersons Bay Road and Hillside Road, located nearby, is still sometimes referred to as "Caledonian Corner".

This corner is also the former site of the country's longest-serving [[gasworks]], which operated from 1863 to 1987, and a small industrial museum, the [[Dunedin Gasworks Museum]], is located on the southern part of its site on Braemar Street. Opened to the public in 2001, this museum is one of only three known preserved gasworks museums in the world.<ref>[http://www.southernheritage.org.nz/gasworksmuseum/index.html Dunedin Gasworks Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014085259/http://www.southernheritage.org.nz/gasworksmuseum/index.html |date=14 October 2008 }}</ref> The museum features five steam pumping engines which were used in the gasworks, and an older engine imported from Scotland in 1868.<ref>[http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/dunedin-history/architectural-history/gasworks-museum Dunedin City Council Gasworks Museum page]</ref> Three of the buildings within the Gasworks complex have NZHPT classifications: the skeleton of the 1879 gasometer,<ref>{{NZHPT|4398|Dunedin Gasworks gasholder of 1879|17 February 2013}}</ref> the exhauster and boiler house,<ref>{{NZHPT|4399||Dunedin Gasworks exhauster and boiler house|17 February 2013|17 February 2013}}</ref> and the fitting shop<ref>{{NZHPT|4401|Dunedin Gasworks fitting shop|17 February 2013}}</ref> (all Category I).

There are several notable churches in South Dunedin,<ref>Croot (1999), pp. 196–206</ref> among them two further NZHPT listings — the city's only [[Eastern Orthodox]] church, St. Michael's Antiochian Orthodox Church, in Fingall Street,<ref>{{NZHPT|7341|St. Michael's Antiochian Orthodox Church|17 February 2013}}</ref> and St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Basilica (designed by [[Francis Petre]]) in Macandrew Road<ref>{{NZHPT|2213|St. Patrick's Basilica|17 February 2013}}</ref> (Category II).

===Former landmarks===
Other than the Hillside workshops and the gasworks, South Dunedin has several links with Dunedin's industrial heritage. Notable among these was the factory of [[Methven (company)|G. Methven]], one of New Zealand's leading bathroom fittings manufacturers. This company, founded by [[George Methven]], was located for many years in Andersons Bay Road on a site now occupied by a [[Mitre 10]] megastore. On the opposite side of Andersons Bay Road from this is the former location of one of the city's girls' secondary schools, Moreau College, which amalgamated with St. Paul's High School for boys in 1989 to become [[Kavanagh College]]. The Moreau site was disestablished, with the new school continuing on the St Paul's site in [[City Rise]].

Another former landmark in South Dunedin was the [[Caledonian Ground|former Caledonian sports ground]]. This was located opposite the gasworks at the corner of Hillside Road and Andersons Bay Road, a site still known as Caledonian Corner. The sports field was relocated to [[Dunedin North]], and the site is now the car park of [[The Warehouse Group|The Warehouse]] – all that remains of the original sports complex is a lawn bowls club and the gymnasium, which is also South Dunedin's main war memorial (Hillside Workshops have their own separate memorial by the site's main gate). The Caledonian was the site of the first human ascent in a [[hot-air balloon]] in New Zealand — and first [[parachute]] descent — performed by travelling showman [[Thomas Scott Baldwin]] on 21 January 1889.<ref>"[http://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/207887/and-away Up, up and away]", ''Otago Daily Times'', 5 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
*Croot, Charles (1999) ''Dunedin Churches Past and Present.'' Dunedin: Otago Settlers' Association.
*{{cite report |ref={{harvid|Goldsmith et al|2016}} |last1=Goldsmith |first1=Michael|last2=Hornblow |first2=Sharon  |date=July 2016 |title=The Natural Hazards of South Dunedin |pages=1–77 |url=https://www.orc.govt.nz/media/2217/the-natural-hazards-of-south-dunedin-report-july-2016.pdf |publisher=[[Otago Regional Council]] |access-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003031400/https://www.orc.govt.nz/media/2217/the-natural-hazards-of-south-dunedin-report-july-2016.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2023}}
*Hamel, Antony, (2008) ''Dunedin Tracks and Trails.'' Dunedin: Silver Peaks Press. {{ISBN|978-0-473-13772-4}}
*Herd, Joyce, and [[George Griffiths (historian)|Griffiths, George J.]], (1980) ''Discovering Dunedin.'' Dunedin: John McIndoe. {{ISBN|0-86868-030-3}}
*Newton, Barbara A., (2003) ''Our St. Clair: A resident's history.'' Dunedin: Kenmore Productions.

*{{ReedPlacenames1975}}

{{Commons category|South Dunedin}}

{{Dunedin suburbs}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Dunedin]]
[[Category:Isthmuses of Oceania]]