View source for Sony α

{{Short description|Digital camera brand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sony α
| type = Brand name used by [[Sony]] for their line of [[DSLR]]/[[Sony SLT camera|SLT]]/ILCA/NEX/ILCE cameras
| logo = Sony Alpha logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| image = File:Sony_A77.jpg
| image_caption = [[Sony Alpha 77]] (2011)
| foundation = [[Tokyo]], Japan (2006)
| location = [[Kōnan, Tokyo|Konan]], [[Minato-ku, Tokyo|Minato-ku]], Tokyo, Japan
| key_people =
| num_employees =
| revenue =
| industry =
| products = Lenses, camera bodies
}}
[[File:Sony Alpha Mount Lens.jpg|thumb|The Sony A-mount on a Tamron SP 17-50mm F2.8.]]
[[File:Sony Alpha Mount Camera.jpg|thumb|The Sony A-mount on an [[Sony Alpha 33|α33 camera]].]]
'''Sony α''' (the lower case to [[Greek language|Greek]] letter [[Alpha (letter)|alpha]], often transliterated as ''Sony Alpha'') is a brand of [[digital camera]]. This line has been active since 2006, building upon the [[Konica Minolta]] camera technologies, whose assets were acquired by [[Sony]].

==Overview==
Sony Alpha was introduced on 5 June 2006.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Sony enters the DSLR camera market with innovative technologies to expand the creative possibilities |publisher=[[Sony]] |date=2006-06-05 |url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/pslr/release/22445.html |access-date=2006-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615061247/http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/pslr/release/22445.html |archive-date=2006-06-15}}</ref> It builds on existing Konica Minolta technologies including the [[Minolta AF]] SLR lens mount, whose assets were acquired by [[Sony]] after the end of Konica&nbsp;Minolta's photography operations in early 2006. Sony also has an 11.08% ownership stake in [[Japan]]ese lens manufacturer [[Tamron]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=Stock Information |publisher=[[Tamron Co., Ltd.]] |date=2006-08-04 |url=http://www.tamron.co.jp/en/investors/ir/index.html |access-date=2006-08-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705081105/http://www.tamron.co.jp/en/investors/ir/index.html |archivedate=2006-07-05 }}</ref> which is known to have partnered with Konica&nbsp;Minolta and Sony in the design and manufacture of many zoom lenses.

Prior to the acquisition by Sony, the ''α'' branding had already been used on the Japanese market by Minolta for their AF camera system (marketed as "Dynax" in Europe, and "Maxxum" in North America). Sony adopted the name "[[Minolta A-mount system|A-mount system]]" for the Minolta AF lens mount, which has been retained in their new SLR range.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Sony decides α as new brand for digital Single Lens Reflex (SLR) cameras |publisher=[[Sony]] |date=2006-04-20 |url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200604/06-033E/ |access-date=2006-09-29}}</ref>

Sony's entry into the [[DSLR]] market dates back to July 2005 where a joint venture with [[Konica&nbsp;Minolta]] would have resulted in both companies marketing an updated line of DSLRs to consumers.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Konica Minolta and Sony agree to jointly develop digital SLR cameras |publisher=[[Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc.]] |date=2005-07-19 |url=http://konicaminolta.com/releases/2005/0719_01_01.html |access-date=2007-06-10 |quote=Konica Minolta Photo Imaging, Inc. and Sony Corporation have reached an agreement to jointly develop digital Single Lens Reflex (SLR) cameras.}}</ref> Between 2006 and 2008 Sony was the fastest growing company on the DSLR market, reaching 13% market share in 2008 to become the third largest DSLR company in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.photoscala.de/Artikel/DSLR-Welt-im-Wandel |title=dSLR Worldwide Market Share, 2006-2008 |date=30 November 2001 |access-date=2010-03-24}}</ref>

{{anchor|SPS}}Sony announced plans to introduce a special camera service programme for professional photographers since the launch of the α900 in 2008. ''[[Sony Imaging PRO Support]]'' (a.k.a. ''[[SPS (Sony)|SPS]]'') was finally established starting between 2013 and 2015 depending on country.

==Camera bodies==
{{main|List of Sony α cameras}}

The Sony α model system follows a straightforward principle: each model in the series builds upon the features of its predecessor. For instance, the α330 incorporates all the capabilities of the base model α230 but adds a tilt-angle LCD and Quick AF Live View. Moving up the series, the α380 inherits the settings of the α330 but boasts an increased resolution of 14.2 megapixels.

Only a few Sony APS-C DSLRs have Live View, except for the Sony α100, α200, α230, α290, α700, α850 and α900 series. Live View mode offers a 1.4x or 2x Smart Teleconverter, digitally zooming in on the subject while maintaining a 1:1 pixel reproduction ratio. This innovative approach ensures that picture quality remains uncompromised even during digital zoom, enhancing the overall photography experience.<ref>Smart Teleconverter http://www.dynaxdigital.com/sony-alpha-300-330-350-380-discussion/smart-teleconverter/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112200002/http://www.dynaxdigital.com/sony-alpha-300-330-350-380-discussion/smart-teleconverter/ |date=2020-11-12 }}</ref>

In 2010 Sony replaced the legacy [[DSLR]] design with [[Sony SLT camera|SLT cameras]], where the "SLT" stands for "[[single-lens translucent]]" which refers to a fixed [[beam splitter]] in the image path. Sony SLT can shoot movie files at Full HD 1080p AVCHD with continuous [[phase detection autofocus]].<ref>[http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/sonyslta55/ Sony SLT-A55 Review]</ref>

Along with the α33 and α55 cameras, Sony also announced one of the last Sony DSLRs - the α560 which can also shoot movie files at full HD stereo 1080p AVCHD, but with limited manual controls and no continuous AF.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dcresource.com/news/newsitem.php?id=4175 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202164318/http://www.dcresource.com/news/newsitem.php?id=4175 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These three cameras use the same technology Sony [[Exmor]] APS HD CMOS sensor.  The α33 and α55 are SLT based (fixed translucent mirrors) and can take movie files with continuous Auto Focus, whereas DSLRs using reflex mirrors typically cannot, at least not without limitations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/1008/10082421sonyslta55a33.asp|title = Sony unveils SLT A55 and A33 with translucent mirror technology}}</ref><ref>[http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/dslr/release/58159.html Digital cameras] sel.sony.com {{dead link|date=September 2023}}</ref>

<gallery widths="240" heights="170">
Alpha 900.jpg|[[Sony DSLR-A900|Sony α900]] with Sony [[Sony SAL-135F18Z|SAL-135F18Z]]
Sony SLT-A55 01s5.jpg|[[Sony SLT-A55|Sony α55]] with [[Sony SAL-1680Z|SAL-1680Z]]
Sony SLT-A58 with SAL18-55II (2).JPG|[[Sony SLT-A58|Sony α58]] with SAL-1855-2
Sony A77.jpg|[[Sony SLT-A77|Sony α77]], former flagship APS-C camera
</gallery>

==A-mount lenses==
[[File:Sony 70-300mm F4.5-5.6 G SSM.jpg|thumb|Sony 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6 G SSM (SAL-70300G) telephoto zoom lens]]

The A-mount, originally known as the A-type [[bayonet mount]] was introduced by Minolta in 1985 as the world's first fully integrated SLR autofocus system.  As a result, all [[Minolta A-mount]] lenses can be used on Sony DSLRs (except for that some newer camera features cannot be used), and all Sony A-mount lenses work on Minolta's film and digital SLRs (except for that SSM/SAM lenses can be used only with manual focusing on cameras not supporting SSM and that APS-C format lenses cannot reasonably be used on film cameras due to their smaller [[image circle]]). During the initial introduction of the α system in 2006, Sony announced 19 lenses and 2 tele-converters, of which the majority were rebranded Konica&nbsp;Minolta lenses. At the 2007 PMA trade show, Sony unveiled several new lenses, but referred to them only in qualitative terms and did not provide specifications.

On 18 May 2009, Sony introduced the first A-mount lenses to feature their new ''SAM'' (Smooth Auto-focus Motor) in-lens auto-focus motor for more lens-specific AF speed improvements. This introduction was made with the new "+30" series camera bodies (α350 + 30 = α380). These new bodies retain an in-body focus motor for backward compatibility with the historic lens collection. In addition, the new bodies utilize [[HDMI]] output for display on HDTV sets and feature dual memory card slots for both Sony's proprietary [[Memory Stick Pro Duo]] chips as well as [[SDHC]] media format, while eliminating [[CompactFlash]] support.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Sony reveals new α380/α330/α230 camera bodies with lenses with 'SAM' AF technology |publisher=[[dpreview.com]] |date=2009-05-18 |url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/0905/09051804sonyalphas.asp |access-date=2009-05-18 }}</ref>

==E-mount lenses==
{{main|List of Sony E-mount lenses}}
In May 2010, Sony introduced two α NEX [[mirrorless interchangeable lens camera]]s equipped with the new proprietary [[Sony E-mount]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=Sony introduces world's smallest and lightest interchangeable lens digital cameras |publisher=[[Sony]] |date=2005-05-10 |url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/dslr/release/57311.html |access-date=2010-05-19 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717053228/http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/dslr/release/57311.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A-mount lenses can be used in E-mount cameras with an adapter - five different adapters are available from Sony alone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sony.co.uk/lenses/gallery|title=Gallery &#124; Lenses|website=Sony UK|accessdate=14 September 2023}}</ref>

This includes mirrorless cameras as well as camcorders. First they were all called "NEX", but this name has been dropped for "ILCE" for the mirrorless stills cameras.
{{Further|Sony E-mount}}

==Other accessories==

===Flash system===
<!-- Section header linked to from redirects -->
{{Main|iISO flash shoe|Multi Interface Shoe}}
[[File:IISO flash shoe Minolta+SONY.jpg|right|thumb|Auto-lock Accessory Shoe (a.k.a. iISO hotshoe) used between 1988 and 2012]]

The 4-pin<!-- there also was a compatible 7-pin variant but it was only used by Minolta, not Sony --> ''[[iISO flash shoe]]'' (also known as the ''Auto-lock Accessory Shoe'') on all Sony DSLRs/SLTs and some NEX models up to 2012-08 was introduced by Minolta in 1988 for their Maxxum/Dynax/α series of A-mount AF SLRs and was also used on their digital DiMAGE A cameras series. It offers a slide-on auto-locking mechanism but is mechanically incompatible with hotshoes based on the ISO 518 standard as utilized by most other camera and accessory manufacturers. A compatible 7-pin variant existed as well, but was rarely used by Minolta, and not at all by Sony. The passive adapters Minolta FS-1100 and FS-PC allow to adapt Minolta AF and TTL flashes with ISO-based foot to cameras with Auto-lock Accessory Shoe, whereas the FS-1200 allows users to use AF TTL flashes with Auto-lock Accessory Foot on earlier Minolta SLRs. These adapters provide no voltage protection or galvanic isolation, but they maintain TTL support with Minolta film cameras. Digital cameras, however, require digital-ready flashes for TTL support. If no TTL support, but voltage protection and galvanic isolation is required, the Sony FA-HS1AM can be used instead to mount ISO-based equipment on Auto-lock Accessory Shoe cameras. If no electrical connection is required, the mechanical adapter Sony FA-SA1AM can be used as well.

In 2012-09 Sony introduced a new 21+3-pin ISO-518 compatible [[hotshoe]] called ''[[Multi Interface Shoe]]'', replacing the Auto-lock Accessory Shoe, previously used with α equipment. The adapter ADP-MAA adapts existing 4-pin auto-lock foot flashes to cameras with the new Multi Interface Shoe, whereas the adapter ADP-AMA allows photographers to use some new equipment with Multi Interface shoe on older cameras with Auto-lock Accessory Shoe.

The first two flash models released by Sony (HVL-F36AM and HVL-F56AM) are, like the first generation of lenses, rebadged models of the Minolta Program Flash 3600HS(D) and the Minolta Program Flash 5600HS(D). Later on Sony expanded its flash system further, allowing advanced wireless flash control, including grouping of external flashes into groups with full ratio control.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New Sony α (Alpha) flagship flash unit expands creative possibilities with quick shift bounce |publisher=[[Sony]] |date=2008-06-19 |url=http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/digital_imaging/digital_cameras/release/35625.html |access-date=2010-07-17}}</ref>

The HVL-RLAM and HVL-RL1 are ring-shaped LED continuous lights for use with video. To a limited extent they can also be used for macro photos of static objects, although a true macro flash is much preferred. The Sony flash system does not include a [[ring flash]], but the Minolta R-1200 and 1200&nbsp;AF ring flash heads can be used with the Minolta Macro Flash Controller MFC-1000 on Sony DSLRs as well, whereas the older Minolta Control Unit 1200&nbsp;AF is not compatible with digital cameras. The MFC-1000 also accepts the Minolta Twin Flash T-2400 as well as the flash head of the Sony HVL-MT24AM twin flash, but not vice versa.

=== Vertical control grips ===
[[File:2016 Grip Sony N50 2.jpg|thumb|Grip VG-C70AM for Sony α700]]
Vertical control grips were released for a number of α DSLRs and MILCs, with the exception of most recent entry-level DSLRs: α230, α330, α380, α290 and α390. The new α65 will also get no vertical grip. All the vertical grips are sold separately.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!|Model
!|Compatible bodies
!|Supported number of batteries
!|Shutter release button
!|Grip sensor
!|Nearly fully duplicated controls, dials and stick
!|Mounting requires removal of camera battery
!|Compact design (no "smoke stack")
!|Number of strap eyelets for hand strap
!|Weather sealed
|-
||VG-B30AM
||α200, α300, α350
||1-2× NP-FM500H
||Yes
||No
||No
||Yes
||No
||1
||No
|-
||VG-B50AM
||α450, α500, α550, α560, α580
||1-2× NP-FM500H
||Yes
||No
||No
||Yes
||No
||2
||No
|-
||VG-C70AM
||α700
||1-2× NP-FM500H
||Yes
||Only in US model variant
||Yes
||Yes
||No
||1
||Door
|-
||VG-C77AM
||α77, α77 II, α99 II
||1-2× NP-FM500H
||Yes
||No
||Yes
||Yes
||No
||2
||Yes
|-
||VG-C90AM
||α850, α900
||1-2× NP-FM500H
||Yes
||No
||Yes
||Yes
||No
||2
||Door
|-
||VG-C99AM
||α99
||1-2× NP-FM500H (plus 1× in camera)
||Yes
||No
||Yes
||No
||Yes
||2
||Yes
|-
||VG-C1EM
||α7, α7R, α7S
||1-2× NP-FW50
||Yes
||No
||No
||Yes
||No
||
||Yes
|-
||VG-C2EM
||α7&nbsp;II, α7R&nbsp;II, α7S&nbsp;II
||1-2× NP-FW50
||Yes
||No
||No
||Yes
||No
||
||Yes
|-
||VG-C3EM
||α7&nbsp;III, α7R&nbsp;III, α9
||1-2× NP-FZ100
||Yes
||No
||Yes
||Yes
||No
||
||Yes
|-
||VG-C4EM
||α7S&nbsp;III, α7R&nbsp;IV, α9-II, α7R&nbsp;V
||1-2× NP-FZ100
||Yes
||No
||Yes
||Yes
||No
||
||Yes
|-
||VG-C5
||α9-III
||1-2× NP-FZ100
||Yes
||No
||Yes
||Yes
||No
||
||Yes
|}

===Other===
[[File:Sony ECM-CG50.jpg|right|thumb|Sony ECM-CG50 shotgun microphone dedicated for video-capable α cameras]]
{|class="wikitable"
!|Designation
!|Description
|-
||ECM-ALST1
||External stereo microphone
|-
||ECM-CG50
||External shotgun microphone
|-
||CLM-V55
||External LCD screen 
|-
||HVL-LE1
||LED video light
|-
||VCT-55LH
||Cold Shoe Mounting Bracket
|-
||XLR-K1M
||XLR adapter with ECM-XM1 microphone
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sony Alpha|Sony α}}
*[http://www.dyxum.com/ Dyxum.com], a website for α photographers

{{Sony DSLR cameras}}
{{Sony MILC cameras}}
{{Sony Corp}}

[[Category:Lens mounts]]
[[Category:Sony A-mount cameras| ]]
[[Category:Sony E-mount cameras| ]]
[[Category:Cameras introduced in 2006]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]