View source for Soling

{{Short description|International racing sailing class}}
{{Infobox sailboat specifications 
  |name              = International Soling<ref name="Classrules" />
  |insignia          = Soling_insigna.png
  |insignia size     = 150px
  |insignia alt      = 
  |insignia caption  = 
  |line drawing      = Soling Line Drawing.svg
  |line size         = 
  |line alt          = 
  |line caption      = 
  |image boat        = Soling Podium North Americans 2019 downwind.png
  |image size        = 
  |image alt         = 
  |image caption     = Solings downwind during the 2019 North American Soling Championship Kingston, Ontario
  |designer          = LINGE-DESIGN,<br />[[Jan Herman Linge]]A/S
  |location          = [[Oslo]], {{NOR}}
  |year              = 1964
  |no built          = 3441 registered (about 4500 build)
  |design            = [[One-Design]]
  |class             = [[International Soling Association]]
  |brand             = [[World Sailing]]
  |builder           = {{Collapsible list
                         |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
                         | title      = over the years per country
                         | bullets    = on
                         |  1 = {{flagicon|AUS}} Rudder Yachts ltd.
                         |  2 = {{flagicon|AUS}} Halvorsen, Morson & Gawland ltd.
                         |  3 = {{flagicon|AUS}} Pamcraft ltd.
                         |  4 = {{flagicon|CAN}} Abbott Boats ltd.
                         |  5 = {{flagicon|DEN}} Elvstrøm Boats A/S
                         |  6 = {{flagicon|DEN}} A/S Borresens Baadebyggeri
                         |  7 = {{flagicon|ESP}} Playvisa
                         |  8 = {{flagicon|FIN}} Vamos
                         |  9 = {{flagicon|FIN}} Veneva O/Y
                         | 10 = {{flagicon|FRA}} Dufour
                         | 11 = {{flagicon|FRA}} Fontaine-Pajot
                         | 12 = {{flagicon|FRG}} Norddeutsche Sportbootwerft
                         | 13 = {{flagicon|FRG}} Bootswerft Leonard Mader GbR.
                         | 14 = {{flagicon|GBR}} Tyler Boat Co.
                         | 15 = {{flagicon|GBR}} Petticrow Boatyard
                         | 16 = {{flagicon|GBR}} Petticrows Boatyard
                         | 17 = {{flagicon|GER}} Hartra
                         | 18 = {{flagicon|HUN}} Crane Works
                         | 19 = {{flagicon|ITA}} C.I.M.A.
                         | 20 = {{flagicon|ITA}} Bianchi & Cecchi
                         | 21 = {{flagicon|JPN}} Ishihara Dockyard Comp.
                         | 22 = {{flagicon|MEX}} Ferro
                         | 23 = {{flagicon|NED}} H.V.M. NV
                         | 24 = {{flagicon|NOR}} Soling Yachts A/S
                         | 25 = {{flagicon|NOR}} Jan H. Linge A/S
                         | 26 = {{flagicon|NZL}} RNYS
                         | 27 = {{flagicon|NZL}} Jim MacKay Boats ltd.
                         | 28 = {{flagicon|NZL}} T.P. Cookson
                         | 29 = {{flagicon|POL}} Gdansk Ship and Yacht Yard
                         | 30 = {{flagicon|RSA}} Proderite ltd.
                         | 31 = {{flagicon|SUI}} Polyform
                         | 32 = {{flagicon|URS}} Licencintorg
                         | 33 = {{flagicon|USA}} Gemico Corporation (O'day)
                         | 34 = {{flagicon|USA}} Plastrend Corporation
                         | 35 = {{flagicon|USA}} Gemico-Marlow
                         | 36 = {{flagicon|USA}} Eichenlaub Boat Comp.
                       }}
Most registered boats built by Abbott, Borresens and Elvstrøm.
  |role              = Open keelboat designed for Olympic/International regatta sailing. Also very suitable for recreational (regatta) sailing.
  |boats             = 
  |crew              = 2 or 3
  |trapeze           = Droop hiking
  |draft             = {{convert|1.30|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |air draft         = 
  |displacement      = Min: {{convert|1035|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |hulls             = {{convert|8.185|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |hull type         = [[Monohull]]
  |construction      = [[Fiberglass]]
  |loa               = Min: {{convert|8.170|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />Max: {{convert|8.200|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |loh               = 
  |lwl               = {{convert|6.10|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |beam              = {{convert|1.90|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |hull draft        = 
  |hull weight       = Min: {{convert|1035|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |engine            = None
  |appendages        = Keel, Rudder
  |keel type         = [[Keel|Fixed keel]]
  |ballast           = Min: {{convert|570|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br />Max: {{convert|590|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |rudder type       = [[Balanced rudder|Balanced spade]] 
  |rigs              = [[Bermuda rig]] with high [[Aspect ratio (aeronautics)|aspect ratio]] jib
  |rig type          = Aluminum or [[Carbon fiber]]
  |I                 = 
  |J                 = 
  |P                 = 
  |E                 = 
  |mast length       = From deck: {{convert|9.2|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |rig other         = [[Genoa (sail)|Genoa's]] and [[Gennaker]]'s are no part of the sail inventory
  |sails             = [[Sail]]s shall be constructed only of [[Woven fabric|woven]] of [[fiber]]s. Fibers other than those of [[polyester]] and [[Aromatic polyamide|non-aromatic polyamide]] are prohibited.
  |sailplan          = [[Sloop]]
  |sailarea main     = {{convert|15.6|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
  |sailarea headsail = {{convert|8.1|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
  |lp                = 
  |sailarea spin     = Max: {{convert|45.0|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}<br />Min: {{convert|35.0|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
  |sailarea gen      = 
  |sails other       = 
  |sailarea upwind   = {{convert|23.7|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
  |sailarea downwind = Max: {{convert|60.6|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}<br />Min: {{convert|50.6|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
  |sailarea total    = {{convert|68.7|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
  |rating            = 
  |d-pn              = [[Portsmouth Yardstick|82.3]]<ref name="DPN" />
  |rya-pn            = 914<ref name="RYA" />
  |phrf              = [[Performance Handicap Racing Fleet|150]] [[Lake Ontario]]<ref name="PHRF" />
  |status            = former olympic
}}

The '''Soling''' is an [[Keelboat|open keelboat]] that holds the [[World Sailing]] "[[International class]]" status.<ref name="InternationalClass" /> The class was used from the [[Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Olympics]] until the [[Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Olympics]] as "[[Sailing at the Summer Olympics#Olympic classes (equipment)|Open three-person keelboat]]". Besides the Olympic career of the Soling the boat is used for international and local [[regattas]] as well as for [[Sailing#Recreational sailing|recreational sailing]]. The Soling is managed by the [[International Soling Association]] under auspician of [[World Sailing]] since 1968.[[File:Silver Soling 2018 Vintage Yachting Games.jpg|thumb|right|Droop-hiking technique demonstrated by middleman.]] [[File:Soling_in_the_Boston_Harbor_Island_Race.jpg|thumb|right|Soling in the Boston Harbor Island Race 2012]]

The Soling is a strong boat designed for any wind and sea condition by [[Jan Herman Linge]] from Norway in 1964.<ref name="History1970" /> The boats are [[One-Design#Sailing|one-design]] originating from an authorized single [[Molding (process)|plug and mould]] system and made of [[fiberglass]]. This together with a strict set of class rules makes competition possible on a "[[level playing field]]".<ref name="Classrules" /> Solings last a long time, and boats produced in the early days are still in competition today (more than 50 years after being built). At the 2019 [[North American Championship]] the fifth place was taken by the German team sailing a refurbished Soling which had been built in 1968.<ref name="NAC2019"/> A characteristic sailing style for the Soling is the droop-hiking technique.

==History==
<ref name="SolingHistory" /><ref name="WorldSailing" />

===1961: IYRU seeks new classes as companion/complement for the Olympic classes===
The search was for four classes:
* A companion class for the [[Finn (dinghy)|Finn]]
* A complementary class to the [[Star (keelboat)|Star]]
* A complementary class to the [[5.5 Metre (keelboat)|5.5 Metre]] and [[Dragon (keelboat)|Dragon]]
* A [[catamaran]]

===1963: Announcement from The Class Policy Committee of the IYRU===
After the announcement, [[Yachting (magazine)|Yachting]] started to gather design sketches for a three persons keelboat to be used in a presentation at the November IYRU meeting. Specs were not explicitly given however the boat should be a "wholesome boat capable of being sailed from port to port in open water". What IYRU wants is a nice compromise between maximum speed and maximum seaworthiness stated Yachting. The design of the Soling was made.

===1965: A prototype of the Soling was ready and tested===
After [[Jan Herman Linge]] and [[Finn Ferner]] were satisfied with the prototype (in wood) it was transformed into a plug to create a mould for production in [[fiberglass]]. At the IYRU November meeting trials for a new 3 persons keelboat were scheduled for 1966. During the winter of 1965/66 the first five fiberglass Soling's were built by Linge.

===1966: 1st Trials at Kiel===
Spring was used to test the five Solings. The trials were set for Kiel specially to test and compare the entries in heavy weather. The most races were won by a wooden [[Etchells|Shillalah]]. After the trials two entries were recommended by the judges, The Shillalah and, shorter than all other competitor, the Soling. In November the IYRU decided that further trials would be held in [[Travemünde]] the following year.

===1967: 2nd Trials at Travemünde===
Some sixty boats were produced, sold and sailed in [[Scandinavia]] as a local class even before the trials took place. Trials were held with some new boats, a fiberglass Shillalah II and the Soling plus a [[Dragon (keelboat)|Dragon]] and [[5.5 Metre (keelboat)|5.5 Metre]] for speed reference. After the trials the Soling alone was recommended to the IYRU. This passed through IYRY unanimously in November and the Soling became an International class. In 1974 Shillalah II also got the International class status. Licensed builders were attracted. The [[International Soling Association|International Soling Association (ISA)]] was established. The first president of the ISA became [[Eggert Benzon]] from Denmark.

===1968: Olympic class===
The Olympic status for the Soling arrived after the [[Sailing at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968 Olympics]]. IYRU decided that the 5.5 Metre had to make place for the Soling in the [[Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Olympics]]. Meanwhile, over 300 Solings were built in Norway, Denmark, the United States and Canada and more countries would follow. The first [[Soling European Championship]] was held in [[Skovshoved]], Denmark and won by the team of [[Per Spelling]] from Norway.<ref name="SolingHistory" /> 75 sailors in 25 Solings did compete.

===1969 – 1972: Solings first Olympiad===
In this period the first [[Soling World Championship]] was held in 1969 in which 87 boats participated off the coast of [[Copenhagen]], and won by the team of [[Paul Elvstrøm]], [[Niels Jensen]] and [[Poul Mik-Meyer]].<ref name="SolingHistory" /> The team had put a lot of systems and hiking gear into their boat to make it sail faster. One of the techniques was the installation of a double bottom. This in combination with bailers made the boat self-bailing. This construction however was not legal. Before the first race of the Worlds holes had to be made into the raised floor to take away the unfair advantage. Later that year changes were made to the class rules so that racing floors/double bottoms, or as they are called officially "Cockpit Soles" became legal. The first winners of an [[Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Olympic Soling gold medal]],<ref name="Sports-Reference1972" /> [[Buddy Melges]], [[William Allen (sailor)|Bill Allen]] and [[William Bentsen|Bill Bentsen]]<ref name="OS1972" /> from the United States made the boat "Simple" by putting a lot of the systems below deck and removing the [[winches]] and shroud tracks. Also the first [[Soling North American Championship|North American Championship]] was held on [[Lake Michigan]] in front of [[Milwaukee]]. 108 sailors in 38 Solings did compete. This event was won by the team of [[John Dane III]], [[Mark LeBlanc]] and [[John Cerise]].<ref name="SolingHistory" /> At the 1972 November meeting of the IYRU the Soling was appointed as Olympic class for the 1976 Olympics.

===1973 – 1976: Solings 2nd Olympiad===
Early 1972 [[Jack van Dyke]] from the United States became president of the ISA and he made sure that the Soling construction became under control. Then improvements were introduced one by one like hiking vests, mast steps rudders watertight compartments. The Soling became even more a one-design class. 1973 was crucial for the Soling in this respect. [[Poul Richard Høj Jensen]], [[Valdemar Bandolowski]] and [[Erik Hansen (sailor)|Erik Hansen]] from Denmark<ref name="OS1976" /> took the Gold medal during the [[Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Olympics]] in [[Kingston, Ontario]].<ref name="Sports-Reference1976" /> Over 2000 boats were built worldwide. Also due to the progression of the Soling the class was appointed as the Olympic three persons boat for the 1980 Olympics.

===1977 – 1980: Solings 3rd Olympiad===
The Numbers of build Solings stayed high under the presidency of [[Geert Bakker]], [[Netherlands|the Netherlands]]. Due to the high level of National and local competition the Battle for Olympic selection became more and more intense. This meant that rules were implemented for World and continental championships to keep the large fleet events fair. The introduction of gate starts, and black flag procedures were lined out, tested and implemented. Ken Berkeley introduced [[match racing]] in the Soling. Poul Richard Høj Jensen, Valdemar Bandolowski and Erik Hansen,<ref name="OS1980" /> this time sailing under the flag of the IOC, became the [[Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Olympic Champions]].<ref name="Sports-Reference1980" /> The [[1980 Summer Olympics]] were heavily hit by the [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott]]. The Soling was prolongated as the Olympic three persons boat for the 1984 Olympics.

===1981 – 1984: Solings 4th Olympiad===
[[Ken Berkeley]], Australia took the role as ISA president in 1980. Most new boats were now built by Abbott Boats and Elvstrøm/Borresens Baadebyggeri with a few but fast exceptions from Bianchi & Cecchi and Bootswerft Leonard Mader. Major champions were held in North America, Europe and Australia. The level of competition remained very high. In 1983 [[Karl Haist]] from Germany became president of the ISA. The [[Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Olympics]] in Los Angeles,<ref name="Sports-Reference1984" /> United States were won by the team of [[Robbie Haines]], [[Edward Trevelyan|Ed Trevelyan]] and [[Rod Davis (sailor)|Rod Davis]]<ref name="OS1984" /> from the United States. This event was struck by the [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott]]. Again, the Soling kept its Olympic status for the 1988 Olympics.

===1985 – 1988: Solings 5th Olympiad===
[[Karl Haist]] had two major objectives for his presidency: First he wanted a large Soling event in Eastern Europe. He succeeded in this by having the 1985 [[Soling European Championship]] held in [[Balatonfüred]], Hungary and the 1986 Europeans in [[Warnemünde]], [[East-Germany]]. The second objective, bringing the operational cost of the Soling down by reducing the number of sails during a championship, took more time. This rule was effectuated in March 1989.<ref name="AmendmentGuide1989" /> This rule change reduced the number of mainsails from 2 to 1 and the number of large spinnakers also back from 2 to 1. Shroud tracks were re-introduced on Solings. The [[Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988 Olympics]] were held in [[Busan]], [[Korea]].<ref name="Sports-Reference1988" /> The Gold medals were won by the East Germany team of [[Jochen Schümann]], [[Thomas Flach]] and [[Bernd Jäkel]].<ref name="OS1988" /> The Soling status was prolonged as for the 1992 Olympics as the Fleet/Match racing class. In 1987 Sam Merrick became president of the ISA. In this period much was dune to make the Soling more unsinkable by [[Uli Strohschneider]] from Austria.

===1989 – 1992: Solings 6th Olympiad===
This period started with a failed World Championship. This was sailed in Balatonfüred, Hungary. On the first day there were heavy winds (up to 100&nbsp;km/h), specially during the starting procedure. Out of 73 starters 43 made it to the first mark and only 29 boats made it to the finish! Many masts broke. NO BOATS SUNK!!!! in these extreme conditions. The next days there was hardly any wind. Only 4 races were completed, five are needed to constitute a championship.<ref name="SolingSailing1989-2" /> [[Sam Merrick]] was elected president in 1987. He made sure that although Match racing was introduced for the 1992 Olympics Fleet racing remained paramount so the Fleet/Match race was introduced at the [[Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Olympics]]. Gold was won by the Danish team of [[Jesper Bank]], [[Jesper Seier]] and [[Steen Secher]].<ref name="OS1992" /> This Fleet/Match race event was successful and so the Soling remained an Olympic class for another 4 years. Stuart Walker became president in 1991.

===1993 – 1996: Solings 7th Olympiad===
The Soling made the choice to introduce the "Pumping rule"<ref name="ClassrulesC91" /> as safety measure. This meant in general that the spinnaker [[Guy (sailing)|guy]] could be pumped unlimited. President [[Stuart H. Walker]] did a lot of work to keep the number of teams in the Match race phase of the Olympics to six thus keeping Fleet racing paramount. The German team of [[Jochen Schüman]], [[Thomas Flach]] and [[Bernd Jäkel]]<ref name="OS1996" /> won their second gold medal in the Soling during the [[Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Olympics]]. The Olympic status was prolonged to 2000.

===1997 – 2000: Solings 8th Olympiad===
[[György Wossala]], Hungary became ISA president in 1995. The 1997 Worlds in [[Rungsted]], Denmark did not produce enough races to constitute a valid championship due to weather conditions. Thunderstorms and large periods with no wind at all made it for the race organization impossible to get five race in. The sail plan of the Soling was modified on two points. The tolerances of the mini spinnaker were enlarged so that a more useful spinnaker could be created. Also, the top batten of the mainsail was lengthened so that profile of the top in the main could be better controlled and the lifetime of the sail was improved. Both improvements were initiated by [[Paul Davis (sailor)|Paul Davis]]. [[World Sailing|ISAF]] wanted to make Match racing more and more important at the Olympics. So for the [[Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Olympics]] only 16 Solings were eligible to compete in the Fleet race phase and 12 of them would move on to the Match race phase. The spectacular, popular and many times viewed finals<ref name="Youtube" /> were between the teams of Germany and Denmark. Both teams did barely make it into the Match race phase (resp. 10 and 12 place in the Fleet race phase). Finally the Danish team of [[Jesper Bank]], [[Henrik Blakskjær]] and [[Thomas Jacobsen (sailor)|Thomas Jacobsen]] took the gold medal.<ref name="OS2000" /> During the ISAF 2000 mid-year it was decided that the Fleet/Match race event was prolonged for another four years. However, during the ISAF 2000 November meeting, the Soling was NOT re-elected as an Olympic class. There was no match racing on the Olympic agenda anymore until [[Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Olympics]]. In 1999 [[Tony Clare]], Great Britain became president of the ISA.

===2001 – 2006: Post-Olympic===
However, despite the publicity that was generated for the Olympic sailing event by the fleet/Match race event it disappeared from the Olympic agenda for 2004. And the Soling had to face the fact that many of her top sailors had disappeared to other Olympic disciplines or had quit sailing in general within a few months. Another setback of the class was that Tony Clare was severely injured during a horseback riding incident. [[Rose Hoeksema]], United States took over as president and did a good job of holding the International and National Soling sailors within the class as well as possible. Worlds and continental events were organized as usual and with sufficient participation. The third disaster struck in 2006 when the Abbott Boats ltd. [[Sarnia]], Canada went up in flames.<ref name="Fire" /> Borresens Baadebyggeri Denmark however started to build boats in a joint venture in Argentina to build Solings.

===2007 – 2015: Solid International class===
[[Johan Offermans]], [[Netherlands|The Netherlands]] became president for an unprecedented 7 years. During his presidency he provided stimulation to pick up International travel again. Also, the preparations for the 50th anniversary of the class were started. [[Jan Herman Linge]] died at the age of 85 in [[Asker]], Norway.<ref name="LingeDies" /> In 2014 [[Peter Hall (sailor)|Peter Hall]] took over the presidency. The 50th anniversary of the class was celebrated during the 2015 World Championship in [[Castiglione della Pescaia]], Italy. Over 135 competitors were present from 14 countries and three continents.<ref name="Worlds2015" /> The first production Soling "N 1" was on display at the harbor site. Soling production was renewed at the [[Petticrows Boatyard]], United Kingdom.

===2016 – Now: Introduction on carbon spars===
In 2017 [[Michael Dietzel]] was elected president of the ISA. In 2017 it became clear that there were no longer vendors of suitable aluminum Soling spars any more world wide. [[Han van Veen]], The Netherlands, created and executed a plan to introduce Carbon spars for the Soling. The objective was that the new masts would be cheaper and not lighter or faster than the aluminum masts. The first masts were produced by Ceilidh<ref name="Carbon" /> in The Netherlands and tested in 2018 they proved to be cheaper and equal to the original masts. The one-design of the Soling remain intact. The new mast were approved by [[World Sailing]] in 2019. In 2020 the Carbon boom and spinnaker pole were approved as well.<ref name="Classrules" /><ref name="Boom" /> In 2020 the [[Soling North American Championship]] in [[Annapolis]], United States, the Friendship League Championship in Brazil and many other Soling regatta's world wide were postponed due to [[COVID-19]].<ref name="COVID-19" />

==Solings built==
Over the years about 4500 Solings were built. About 3700 of them were registered. The growth in the late 1960s and early 1970s was high. Then it stabilized. Since 2000 hardly any boats were built.<ref name="Guide1970" /><ref name="Guide1971" /><ref name="Guide1972" /><ref name="Guide1973" /><ref name="Guide1974" /><ref name="Guide1975" /><ref name="Guide1976" /><ref name="Guide1977" /><ref name="Guide1978" /><ref name="Guide1981" /><ref name="Guide1984" /><ref name="Guide1988" /><ref name="Guide1992" /><ref name="Guide1996" />
[[File:Solings Built 1965 - 2020.png|left|Soling Built between 1965 and 2020]]
{{clear}}
Over the years the following 36 boat builders in 21 countries were licensed to build Solings:
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:75%; border=1"
 |-
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Australia.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Australia&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Canada&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Denmark.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Denmark&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Finland.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Finland&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of France.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;France&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|30px|border]]<br />[[West Germany]]
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|30px|border]]<br />Great Britain
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of East Germany.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;[[East Germany]]&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Hungary.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hungary&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Italy.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Italy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 |-
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = AUS 
  | bullets    = yes
  | 1          = Halvorsen, Morson & Gawland ltd.
  | 2          = Pamcraft ltd.
  | 3          = Rudder Yachts ltd.
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = CAN 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Abbott Boats ltd.
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = DEN 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = A/S Borresens Baadebyggeri
  | 2          = Elvstrøm Boats A/S
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = ESP 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Playvisa
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = FIN 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Vamos
  | 2          = Veneva O/Y
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = FRA 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Dufour
  | 2          = Fontaine-Pajot
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = FRG 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Bootswerft Leonard Mader GbR.
  | 2          = Norddeutsche Sportbootwerft
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = GBR 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Petticrow Boatyard
  | 2          = Petticrows Boatyard
  | 3          = Tyler Boat Co.
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = GDR 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Hartra
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = HUN 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Crane Works
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = ITA 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Bianchi & Cecchi
  | 2          = C.I.M.A.
 }}
 |-
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Mexico.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mexico&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|30px|border]]<br />Netherlands
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Norway.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Norway&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of New Zealand.svg|30px|border]]<br />New Zealand
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Poland.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Poland&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of South Africa.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;South Africa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg|30px|border]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Switzerland&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|30px|border]]<br />[[Soviet Union]]
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"|[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|30px|border]]<br />United States
  !style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"| 
 |-
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = JPN 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Ishihara Dockyard Comp.
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = MEX 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Ferro
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = NED 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = H.V.M. NV
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = NOR <ref name="SolingGuide1996" />
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Jan H. Linge A/S
  | 2          = Soling Yachts A/S
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = NZL 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Jim MacKay Boats ltd.
  | 2          = RNYS
  | 3          = T.P. Cookson
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = POL 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Gdansk Ship and Yacht Yard
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = RSA 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Proderite ltd.
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = SUI 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Polyform
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = URS 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Licencintorg
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      = USA 
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = Eichenlaub Boat Comp.
  | 2          = Gemico Corporation (O'day)
  | 3          = Gemico-Marlow
  | 4          = Plastrend Corporation
 }}
 |style="vertical-align:top;"|{{Collapsible list
  |framestyle  = border:none; padding:0;
  | title      =  
  | bullets    = yes 
  | 1          = 
 }}
|}
{{Clear}}

==Results of the major Soling regattas==
===Games===
====Olympic Games====
{{main|Sailing at the Summer Olympics}}
{{Olympic medallists in Soling}}

==== Pan American Games<ref name="PanAmGames" />====
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event}}
 |-
 | [[1979 Pan American Games|1979 San Juan]] {{Flagicon|PUR|1979}}<ref name="SolingSailing6-3" />
   |{{USA}}<br />[[Dave Curtis]]<br />[[David Barton (sailor)|David Barton]]<br />[[Jamie McCreary]]
   |{{BRA}}<br />[[Eduardo Ramos (sailor)|Eduardo Ramos]]<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;
   |{{CAN}}<br />[[Jim Beatty]]<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;
 |-
 | [[1983 Pan American Games|1983 Caracas]] {{Flagicon|VEN|1983}}<ref name="SolingSailing10-3a" />
   |{{BRA}}<br />[[Torben Grael]]
   |{{CAN}}<br />[[Bill Abbott Jr.]]
   |{{USA}}<br />[[Dave Perry (sailor)|Dave Perry]]
 |-
 | [[1987 Pan American Games|1987 Indianapolis]] {{Flagicon|USA|1987}}
   |{{USA}}
   |{{CAN}}
   |{{BRA}}
|}
{{Medals table
 | caption        = Medal tally
 | host           = 
 | flag_template  = 
 | event          = Pan American
 | team           = 
 | gold_BRA = 1 | silver_BRA = 1 | bronze_BRA = 1
 | gold_CAN = 0 | silver_CAN = 2 | bronze_CAN = 1
 | gold_USA = 2 | silver_USA = 0 | bronze_USA = 1
}}

====Vintage Yachting Games====
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event}}
 |-
 |[[2008 Vintage Yachting Games – Soling|2008 Medemblik]] {{Flagicon|NED|2008}}
   | style="vertical-align:top;"| {{Flag|NED|2008}}<br />[[Rudy den Outer]]<br />[[Leo Determan]]<br />[[Ronald den Arend]]
   | [[Image:3D VYGOlogo.png|20px]] [[Wild card (sports)|Wildcard (NED)]] <br />[[Steven Bakker]]<br />[[Sven Coster]] Race 1–3<br />[[Dick Coster]] Race 4–6<br />Joost Houweling
   | style="vertical-align:top;"| {{Flag|GER|2008}}<br />Holger Weichert<br />Laurent Scheel<br />Martin Setzkorn
 |-
 |[[2012 Vintage Yachting Games – Soling|2012 Bellano]] {{Flagicon|ITA|2012}}
   | {{Flag|UKR|2012}}<br />Igor Yushko<br />[[Serhiy Pichuhin]]<br />Dmitriy Yarmolenka
   | {{Flag|NED|2012}}<br />[[Rudy den Outer]]<br />[[Gavin Lidlow]]<br />[[Ramzi Souli]]
   | {{Flag|AUT|2012}}<br />Peter Neumann<br />Rudolf Rager<br />Rudolf Hubauer
 |-
 |[[2018 Vintage Yachting Games|2018 Hellerup]] {{Flagicon|DEN|2018}}
   | {{Flag|NED|2018}}<br />[[Rudy den Outer]]<br />[[Theo de Lange]]<br />[[Gabor Helmhout]]
   | {{Flag|CAN|2018}}<br />[[Peter Hall (sailor)|Peter Hall]]<br />Johan Offermans {{Flagicon|NED|2018}}<br />[[Gord de Vries]]
   | {{Flag|UKR|2018}}<br />Igor Yushko<br />[[Serhiy Pichuhin]]<br />Serhiy Ivansits
|}
{{Medals table
 | caption        = Medal tally
 | host           = 
 | flag_template  = 
 | event          = Vintage Yachting Games
 | team           = 
 | gold_NED = 2 | silver_NED = 2 | bronze_NED = 0
 | gold_UKR = 1 | silver_UKR = 0 | bronze_UKR = 1
 | gold_CAN = 0 | silver_CAN = 1 | bronze_CAN = 0
 | gold_AUT = 0 | silver_AUT = 0 | bronze_AUT = 1
 | gold_GER = 0 | silver_GER = 0 | bronze_GER = 1
}}

===International ISA Trophies===
====World Championships====
=====Fleet racing<ref name="SolingWorlds" />=====
{{main|Soling World Championship}}

=====Maters Racing=====
{{main|Soling Masters World Championship}}

=====Match racing (Infanta Cristina)<ref name="InfantaChristina" />=====
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event}}
 |-
 |1992 [[Cádiz]] {{Flagicon|ESP|1992}}
   | {{Flag|USA|1992}}<br />[[Kevin Mahaney]]<br />[[Jim Brady (sailor)|Jim Brady]]<br />[[Doug Kern]]
   | Not documented
   | Not documented
 |-
 |1993 [[Palaio Faliro]] {{Flagicon|GRE|1993}}
   | {{Flag|USA|1993}}<br />[[Larry Klein (sailor)|Larry Klein]]<br />[[Wally Corwin]]<br />[[Steve Burns (sailor)|Steve Burns]]
   | Not documented
   | Not documented
 |-
 |1994 [[Vallensbæk]] {{Flagicon|DEN|1994}}
   | {{Flag|SWE|1994}}<br />[[Per Ahlby]]<br />[[Stefan Nordstrom]]<br />[[Tony Lundberg]]
   | Not documented
   | Not documented
 |-
 |1995 [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] {{Flagicon|CAN|1995}}
   | {{Flag|GBR|1995}}<br />[[Stuart Childerley]]<br />[[Tim Powell (sailor)|Tim Powell]]<br />[[Jeremy Fanstone]]
   | {{Flag|NOR|1995}}<br />[[Herman Horn Johannessen]]<br />[[Paul Davis (sailor)|Paul Davis]]<br />[[Espen Stokkeland]]
   | {{Flag|DEN|1995}}<br />[[Stig Westergaard]]<br />[[Jens Bojsen Møller]]<br />[[Bjørn Westergaard]]
 |-
 |1996 [[Cádiz]] {{Flagicon|ESP|1996}}
   | {{Flag|SWE|1996}}<br />[[Magnus Holmberg]]<br />[[Björn Alm]]<br />[[Johan Barne]]
   | {{Flag|DEN|1996}}<br />[[Stig Westergaard]]<br />[[Jens Bojsen-Møller]]<br />[[Bjørn Westergaard]]
   | {{Flag|FRA|1996}}<br />[[Marc Bouet]]<br />[[Gildas Morvan]]<br />[[Sylvain Chtounder]]
 |-
 |1997
   | {{Flag|AUS|1997}}<br />[[Neville Wittey]]<br />[[Josh Grace]]<br />[[David Edwards (sailor)|David Edwards]]
   | Not documented
   | Not documented
 |-
 |1998 [[Kralingen]] {{Flagicon|NED|1998}}
   | {{Flag|GER|1998}}<br />[[Jochen Schümann]] <br />[[Gunnar Bahr]] <br />[[Ingo Borkowski]]
   | {{Flag|NOR|1998}}<br />[[Herman Horn Johannessen]]<br />[[Paul Davis (sailor)|Paul Davis]]<br />[[Espen Stokkeland]]
   | {{Flag|AUS|1998}}<br />[[Neville Wittey]]<br />[[Josh Grace]]<br />[[David Edwards (sailor)|David Edwards]]
 |-
 |1999 [[Melbourne]] {{Flagicon|AUS|1999}}
   | {{Flag|SWE|1999}}<br />[[Hans Wallén]] <br />[[Magnus Augustson]]<br />[[Johan Barne]]
   | {{Flag|USA|1999}}<br />[[Jeff Madrigali]]<br />[[Hartwell Jordan]]<br />[[Craig Healy]]
   | {{Flag|NED|1999}}<br />[[Roy Heiner]] <br />[[Peter Van Niekerk]] <br />[[Dirk de Ridder (sailor)|Dirk de Ridder]]
 |-
 |2000 [[Cádiz]] {{Flagicon|ESP|2000}}
   | {{Flag|DEN|2000}}<br />[[Jesper Bank]]<br />[[Henrik Blakskjær]]<br />[[Thomas Jacobsen (sailor)|Thomas Jacobsen]]
   | {{Flag|FRA|2000}}<br />[[Philippe Presti]]<br />[[Pascal Rambeau]]<br />[[Jean-Marie Dauris]]
   | {{Flag|GBR|2000}}<br />[[Andy Beadsworth]]<br />[[Barry Parkin]]<br />Mason
|}
{{Medals table
 | caption        = Medal Tally
 | host           = 
 | flag_template  = 
 | event          = Infanta Christina
 | team           = 
 | gold_AUS = 0 | silver_AUS = 0 | bronze_AUS = 1
 | gold_DEN = 1 | silver_DEN = 1 | bronze_DEN = 1
 | gold_FRA = 0 | silver_FRA = 1 | bronze_FRA = 1
 | gold_GBR = 1 | silver_GBR = 0 | bronze_GBR = 1
 | gold_GER = 1 | silver_GER = 0 | bronze_GER = 0
 | gold_NED = 0 | silver_NED = 0 | bronze_NED = 1
 | gold_NOR = 0 | silver_NOR = 2 | bronze_NOR = 0
 | gold_SWE = 3 | silver_SWE = 0 | bronze_SWE = 0
 | gold_USA = 2 | silver_USA = 1 | bronze_USA = 0
}}

=====Masters=====
====Continental Championships<ref name="ContinentalChampions" />====
=====Australian Championships=====
{{Soling Australian Championship medallists}}

=====European Championships=====
======Fleet racing<ref name="EuropeanChampionsFleetRace" />======
{{main|Soling European Championship}}
{{Soling European Championship medallists}}
{{Medals table
 | caption        = Medal Tally
 | host           = 
 | flag_template  = 
 | event          = European Championships Fleetrace
 | team           = 
 | gold_ARG = 1 | silver_ARG = 0 | bronze_ARG = 2
 | gold_AUT = 5 | silver_AUT = 6 | bronze_AUT = 5
 | gold_AUS = 0 | silver_AUS = 0 | bronze_AUS = 2
 | gold_BRA = 1 | silver_BRA = 0 | bronze_BRA = 0
 | gold_CAN = 3 | silver_CAN = 2 | bronze_CAN = 2
 | gold_DEN = 4 | silver_DEN = 3 | bronze_DEN = 4
 | gold_FIN = 1 | silver_FIN = 0 | bronze_FIN = 0
 | gold_FRA = 1 | silver_FRA = 0 | bronze_FRA = 0
 | gold_FRG = 2 | silver_FRG = 2 | bronze_FRG = 5
 | gold_GBR = 0 | silver_GBR = 2 | bronze_GBR = 0
 | gold_GER = 8 | silver_GER = 9 | bronze_GER = 3
 | gold_GDR = 5 | silver_GDR = 5 | bronze_GDR = 6
 | gold_HUN = 5 | silver_HUN = 6 | bronze_HUN = 5
 | gold_ITA = 0 | silver_ITA = 0 | bronze_ITA = 1
 | gold_NED = 2 | silver_NED = 2 | bronze_NED = 4
 | gold_NOR = 2 | silver_NOR = 1 | bronze_NOR = 4
 | gold_RUS = 0 | silver_RUS = 2 | bronze_RUS = 0
 | gold_SLO = 1 | silver_SLO = 1 | bronze_SLO = 0
 | gold_SWE = 4 | silver_SWE = 4 | bronze_SWE = 3
 | gold_UKR = 4 | silver_UKR = 1 | bronze_UKR = 3
 | gold_URS = 2 | silver_URS = 4 | bronze_URS = 2
 | gold_USA = 1 | silver_USA = 2 | bronze_USA = 1
}}

======Match racing<ref name="EuropeanChampionsMatchRace" />======
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event}}
 |-
 |1993 [[Kralingen]] {{Flagicon|NED|1993}}
   | {{Flag|NOR|1993}}<br />[[Herman Horn Johannessen]]<br />[[Paul Davis (sailor)|Paul Davis]]<br />[[Espen Stokkeland]]
   | Not documented
   | Not documented
 |-
 |1994 [[Starnberg]] {{Flagicon|GER|1994}}
   | {{Flag|GER|1994}}<br />[[Markus Wieser]]<br />[[Maxl Koch]]<br />[[Roman Koch]]
   | Not documented
   | Not documented
 |-
 |1995 [[Torbay]] {{Flagicon|GBR|1995}}
   | {{Flag|GBR|1995}}<br />[[Andy Beadsworth]]<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;
   | {{Flag|NOR|1995}}<br />[[Herman Horn Johannessen]]<br />[[Paul Davis (sailor)|Paul Davis]]<br />[[Espen Stokkeland]]
   | {{Flag|GBR|1995}}<br />[[Stuart Childerley]]<br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;
 |-
 |1996 [[Lake Balaton|Balaton]] {{Flagicon|HUN|1996}}<br />Held September 1995
   | {{Flag|GER|1996}}<br />[[Jochen Schümann]]<br />[[Thomas Flach]]<br />[[Bernd Jäkel]]
   | Not documented
   | Not documented
 |-
 |1997 [[St. Gilgen]] {{Flagicon|AUT|1997}}
   | {{Flag|GER|1997}}<br />[[Jochen Schümann]] <br />[[Gunnar Bahr]] <br />[[Ingo Borkowski]]
   | {{Flag|UKR|1997}}<br />[[Sergey Pichuguin]]<br />Dmitriy Yarovoy<br />[[Sergey Timokhov]]
   | {{Flag|NOR|1997}}<br />[[Herman Horn Johannessen]]<br />[[Paul Davis (sailor)|Paul Davis]]<br />[[Espen Stokkeland]]
 |-
 |1998 [[Nago-Torbole|Torbole]] {{Flagicon|ITA|1998}}
   | {{Flag|GER|1998}}<br />[[Jochen Schümann]] <br />[[Gunnar Bahr]] <br />[[Ingo Borkowski]]
   | {{Flag|ESP|1998}}<br />[[Luis Doreste]]<br />[[Domingo Manrique]]<br />[[David Vera]]
   | {{Flag|UKR|1998}}<br />[[Sergey Pichuguin]]<br />[[Volodymyr Korotkov]]<br />[[Sergey Timokhov]]
 |-
 |1999 Input needed
   | Input needed
   | Input needed
   | Input needed
 |-
 |2000 Input needed
   | Input needed
   | Input needed
   | Input needed
|}
{{Medals table
 | caption        = Medal Tally
 | host           = 
 | flag_template  = 
 | event          = European Championship Matchracing
 | team           = 
 | gold_NOR = 1 | silver_NOR = 1 | bronze_NOR = 1
 | gold_GBR = 1 | silver_GBR = 0 | bronze_GBR = 1
 | gold_GER = 4 | silver_GER = 0 | bronze_GER = 0
 | gold_UKR = 0 | silver_UKR = 1 | bronze_UKR = 1
 | gold_ESP = 0 | silver_ESP = 1 | bronze_ESP = 0
}}

=====North American Championship=====
{{main|Soling North American Championship}}
{{Soling North American Championship medallists}}

=====South American Championship=====
{{main|Soling South American Championship}}
{{Soling South American Championship medallists}}

===Soling World Trophy===
{{main|Soling World Trophy}}
{{Soling World trophy medalists}}

=== Winners of national championships ===
{{further|Soling National Champions}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs =
<ref name             = "SolingSailing10-3a">{{cite web
    | editor1-last      = Lee
    | editor1-first     = Bruce
    | editor1-link      = Bruce Lee (sailor)
    | year              = 1983
    | title             = PAN AM GAMES
    | url               = https://www.soling.com/solingsailing/1983-vol10-no3-SolingSailing.pdf
    | volume            = 10
    | issue             = 3
    | page              = 3
    | language          = EN
    | publisher         = International Soling Association
  }}</ref> 
<ref name             = "SolingSailing6-3">{{cite web
    | editor1-last      = Lee
    | editor1-first     = Bruce
    | editor1-link      = Bruce Lee (sailor)
    | year              = 1979
    | title             = PAN AMERICAN GAMES
    | url               = https://www.soling.com/solingsailing/1979-vol6-no3-SolingSailing.pdf
    | volume            = 6
    | issue             = 3
    | page              = 4
    | language          = EN
    | publisher         = International Soling Association
  }}</ref> 
<ref name="DPN">{{cite web 
                     | url        = https://www.ussailing.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017-Portsmouth-Precalculated-Classes.pdf 
                     | title      = PRECALCULATED D-PN HANDICAPS KEELBOAT CLASSES 
                     | website    = ussailing.org| publisher  = US Sailing 
                     | access-date = 5 March 2020 
                     | language   = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="RYA">{{cite web 
                     | url        = https://www.rya.org.uk/racing/Pages/portsmouthyardstick.aspx
                     | title      = Portsmouth Yardstick
                     | website    = rya.org.uk| publisher  = Royal Yachting Association 
                     | access-date = 5 March 2020 
                     | language   = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="PHRF">{{cite news 
                     | url        = https://www.ussailing.org/competition/offshore/phrf/boat-class-lookup/
                     | title      = PHRF Boat Class Lookup 
                     | newspaper    = Us Sailing| access-date = 5 March 2020 
                     | language   = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="InternationalClass">{{cite web 
                     | url        = https://www.sailing.org/classesandequipment/SOL.php
                     | title      = Soling
                     | website    = sailing.org/| publisher  = World Sailing
                     | access-date = 5 March 2020 
                     | language   = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="NAC2019">{{cite web 
                     | editor1-first = Matias 
                     | editor1-last  = Collins 
                     | editor1-link  = Matias Collins 
                     | url           = http://www.soling.com/results/ShowResults.asp?ID=1132 
                     | title         = North American Championship / CORK, Kingston 07/08/2019 To 11/08/2019. / Rk=1.5 
                     | website       = soling.com| publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | access-date    = 5 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="Classrules">{{cite web 
                     | editor1-first = Matias 
                     | editor1-last  = Collins 
                     | editor1-link  = Matias Collins 
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/classrulebook.asp
                     | title         = ISA CLASS RULES BOOK
                     | website       = soling.com| publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | access-date    = 5 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="ClassrulesC91">{{cite web 
                     | editor1-first = Matias 
                     | editor1-last  = Collins 
                     | editor1-link  = Matias Collins 
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/classrulebook.asp
                     | title         = ISA CLASS RULES BOOK
                     | website       = soling.com| publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | access-date    = 13 March 2020 
                     | page          = 9
                     | volume        = 2020-03-01 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="History1970">{{cite web 
                     | editor1-first = Eyvin 
                     | editor1-last  = Schiøttz 
                     | editor1-link  = Eyvin Schiøttz 
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1970.pdf
                     | title         = THE INTERNATIONAL SOLING HISTORY 
                     | website       = soling.com| publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | access-date    = 5 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="SolingHistory">{{cite web 
                     | editor1-first = Dinny 
                     | editor1-last  = Reed
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1996-2000.pdf
                     | title         = History 
                     | website       = soling.com| publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | access-date    = 9 March 2020 
                     | volume        = 1996–1999
                     | issue         = 1
                     | pages         = 5–7
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="AmendmentGuide1989">{{cite book
                     | editor1-first = Dinny 
                     | editor1-last  = Reed
                     | title         = Amendment to the 1988 – 1991 Soling Guide, March 1989
                     | publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | volume        = 1989
                     | issue         = 1
                     | pages         = 3
                     | language      = EN}}</ref>
<ref name="WorldSailing">{{cite web 
                     | url           = https://www.sailing.org/classesandequipment/SOL.php
                     | title         = Soling
                     | website       = sailing.org| publisher     = World Sailing
                     | access-date    = 9 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="PanAmGames">{{cite web 
                     | url           = http://sports123.com/sai/opa-sol.html
                     | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20090625160113/http://sports123.com/sai/opa-sol.html
                     | url-status    = dead
                     | archive-date  = 25 June 2009
                     | title         = Pan American Games (Soling)
                     | website       = sports123.com| publisher     = Sports 123 
                     | access-date    = 9 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="SolingWorlds">{{cite web 
                     | url           = http://sports123.com/sai/ow-sol.html
                     | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20090625155609/http://sports123.com/sai/ow-sol.html
                     | url-status    = dead
                     | archive-date  = 25 June 2009
                     | title         = World champions fleet racing
                     | website       = sports123.com| publisher     = Sports 123 
                     | access-date    = 6 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="InfantaChristina">{{cite web 
                     | url           = http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp
                     | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20090106023443/http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp
                     | url-status    = dead
                     | archive-date  = 6 January 2009
                     | title         = World Champions Match racing
                     | website       = www2.sailing.org| publisher     = World Sailing 
                     | access-date    = 6 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="ContinentalChampions">{{cite web 
                     | url           = http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp
                     | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20090106023443/http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp
                     | url-status    = dead
                     | archive-date  = 6 January 2009
                     | title         = Continental Champions
                     | website       = www2.sailing.org| publisher     = World Sailing 
                     | access-date    = 6 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="EuropeanChampionsFleetRace">{{cite web 
                     | url           = http://sports123.com/sai/oe-sol.html
                     | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20090625155951/http://sports123.com/sai/oe-sol.html
                     | url-status    = dead
                     | archive-date  = 25 June 2009
                     | title         = European Champions Fleetrace
                     | website       = sports123.com| publisher     = Sports 123 
                     | access-date    = 6 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="EuropeanChampionsMatchRace">{{cite web 
                     | url           = http://www.soling.com/indexmore.asp?Seccion=Events&Evento=Search
                     | title         = European Champions Matchrace
                     | website       = Soling.com| publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | access-date    = 6 March 2020 
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name="SolingSailing1989-2">{{cite web 
                     | author        = Joe Hoeksema
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solingsailing/1989-vol17-no2-SolingSailing.pdf
                     | title         = The Worlds that wasn't
                     | website       = Soling.com| publisher     = International Soling Association 
                     | access-date    = 12 March 2020 
                     | volume        = 17
                     | issue         = 2
                     | pages         = 3 & 4
                     | language      = EN 
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = Sports-Reference1972>{{cite web
                     |url            = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181842/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-date   = 17 April 2020
                     |title          = Sailing at the 1972 München Summer Games: Mixed Three Person Keelboat
                     |work           = Olympic Sports 
                     |publisher      = Sports-Reference.com 
                     |access-date     = 10 March 2020 
                     |url-status     = live
                     |df=dmy}}</ref>
<ref name = OS1972>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/25779/rec/39
                     | title         = Die Spiele, v.3
                     | year          = 1972
                     | format        = PDF
                     | access-date    = 10 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name = Sports-Reference1976>{{cite web
                     |url            = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1976/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417190248/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1976/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-date   = 17 April 2020
                     |title          = Sailing at the 1976 Montreal Summer Games: Mixed Three Person Keelboat
                     |work           = Olympic Sports 
                     |publisher      = Sports-Reference.com 
                     |access-date     = 10 March 2020 
                     |url-status     = live
                     |df=dmy}}</ref>
<ref name = OS1976>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/30148
                     | title         = Montréal 1976 Official Report,Volume III: Results: Yachting Soling
                     | publisher     = COJO
                     | location      = Ottawa
                     | year          = 1978
                     | format        = PDF
                     | access-date    = 10 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name = Sports-Reference1980>{{cite web
                     |url            = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417185154/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-date   = 17 April 2020
                     |title          = Sailing at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Mixed Three Person Keelboat
                     |work           = Olympic Sports 
                     |publisher      = Sports-Reference.com 
                     |access-date     = 10 March 2020 
                     |url-status     = live
                     |df=dmy}}</ref>
<ref name = OS1980>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/30799/rec/48
                     | title         = The Official Report of Games of the XXII Olympiad – Volume 3: Participants and Results
                     | year          = 1981
                     | format        = PDF
                     | access-date    = 10 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name = OS1992>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/35738/rec/59
                     | title         = Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad, Barcelona 1992, v. 4
                     | year          = 1993
                     | format        = PDF
                     | access-date    = 10 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name = OS1996>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/36226/rec/78
                     | title         = Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, v.3
                     | year          = 1997
                     | format        = PDF
                     | access-date    = 10 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name = OS2000>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/51224/rec/23
                     | title         = Sailing. Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad – Results
                     | year          = 2001
                     | format        = PDF
                     | access-date    = 10 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name = Sports-Reference1984>{{cite web
                     |url            = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1976/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417190248/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1976/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-date   = 17 April 2020
                     |title          = Sailing at the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Games: Mixed Three Person Keelboat
                     |work           = Olympic Sports 
                     |publisher      = Sports-Reference.com 
                     |access-date     = 10 March 2020 
                     |url-status     = live
                     |df=dmy}}</ref>
<ref name = OS1984>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/45225/rec/52
                     | title         = Official Report of the Games of the XXIIIrd Olympiad, Los Angeles, 1984
                     | year          = 1984
                     | format        = PDF}}</ref>
<ref name = Sports-Reference1988>{{cite web
                     |url            = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1988/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417185151/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1988/SAI/mixed-three-person-keelboat.html
                     |archive-date   = 17 April 2020
                     |title          = Sailing at the 1988 Seoul Summer Games: Mixed Three Person Keelboat
                     |work           = Olympic Sports 
                     |publisher      = Sports-Reference.com 
                     |access-date     = 10 March 2020 
                     |url-status     = live
                     |df=dmy}}</ref>
<ref name = OS1988>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/32564/rec/53
                     | title         = Official Report : Games of the XXIVth Olympiad, Seoul 1988, v.2
                     | year          = 1988
                     | format        = PDF}}</ref>
<ref name = LingeDies>{{cite web
                     | url           = http://www.norwaypost.no/other-sports/boat-designer-linge-dies-at-85/print.html
                     | archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229171916/http://www.norwaypost.no/other-sports/boat-designer-linge-dies-at-85/print.html
                     | url-status    = dead
                     | archive-date  = 2012-02-29
                     | title         = Boat designer Linge dies at 85
                     | year          = 2007
                     | format        = Text}}</ref>
<ref name = Worlds2015>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/results/ShowResults.asp?ID=898
                     | title         = World Championship / CVCP, Castiglione della Pescaia 21/05/2015 To 28/05/2015. / Rk=2
                     | year          = 2015
                     | format        = Text}}</ref>
<ref name = Carbon>{{cite web
                     | url           = http://www.carbonmasts.com/keelboat-masts/soling-mast/
                     | title         = Soling Mast 
                     | year          = 2018
                     | format        = Text}}</ref>
<ref name = "COVID-19">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/article.asp?IdArticle=2410&Lengua=English
                     | title         = North American Championship important update
                     | year          = 2020
                     | format        = Text}}</ref>
<ref name = "Boom">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/article.asp?IdArticle=2407&Lengua=English
                     | title         = Class Rule Changes
                     | year          = 2020
                     | format        = Text}}</ref>
<ref name = "Fire">{{cite web
                     | url           = http://forums.sailinganarchy.com/index.php?/topic/36805-fire-at-abbott-boats/
                     | title         = FIRE AT ABBOTT BOATS!!!
                     | year          = 2006
                     | format        = Text}}</ref>
<ref name = Youtube>{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITZfqHVMvk0
                     | title         = Jesper Bank Soling 07
                     | via = YouTube
 | year          = 2000
                     | format        = YouTube}}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1970">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1970.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1970
                     | year          = 1970
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1971">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1971.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1971
                     | year          = 1971
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1972">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1972.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1972
                     | year          = 1972
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1973">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1973.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1973
                     | year          = 1973
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1974">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1974.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1974
                     | year          = 1974
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1975">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1975.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1975
                     | year          = 1975
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1976">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1976.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1976
                     | year          = 1976
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1977">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1977.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1977
                     | year          = 1977
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1978">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1978.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1978
                     | year          = 1978
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1981">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1981.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1981
                     | year          = 1981
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1984">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1984-1987.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1984–87
                     | year          = 1984
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1988">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1988-1991.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1984–87
                     | year          = 1988
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1992">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1992-1995.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1992–96
                     | year          = 1992
                     }}</ref>
<ref name = "Guide1996">{{cite web
                     | url           = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1996-2000.pdf
                     | title         = Soling Guide 1996-00
                     | year          = 1996
                     }}</ref>
<ref name             = SolingGuide1996>{{cite magazine
    | editor1-last      = Reed
    | editor1-first     = Dinny
    | year              = 1996
    | title             = National Champions
    | magazine          = The International Soling Association GUIDE
    | url               = https://www.soling.com/solinguide/Soling_Guide_1996-2000.pdf
    | language          = EN
    | publisher         = International Soling Association
    | volume            = 1996–2000
    | issue             = 1
    | pages              = 13–16
  }}</ref>

{{Soling World trophy medalists/refs}}

}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Soling| ]]
[[Category:Sailboat type designs by Jan Herman Linge]]
[[Category:One-design sailing classes]]