View source for Solar eclipse of March 9, 2016

{{Short description|Total eclipse}}
{{Infobox solar eclipse|2016Mar09
| previous         = Solar eclipse of September 13, 2015
| next             = Solar eclipse of September 1, 2016
}}
A total [[solar eclipse]] occurred at the Moon's [[Lunar node|descending node]] of orbit between Tuesday, March 8 and Wednesday, March 9, 2016,<ref>{{cite web|title=March 8–9, 2016 Total Solar Eclipse|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/solar/2016-march-9|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="nyt" /><ref name="abc" /><ref name="space" /><ref name="phys" /> with a [[Magnitude of eclipse|magnitude]] of 1.045. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's [[apparent diameter]] is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.25 days before [[Apsis|perigee]] (on March 10, 2016, at 7:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=2016&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref>

Totality was visible from parts of [[Indonesia]], [[Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]], and the [[Marshall Islands]]. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of [[Southeast Asia]], [[East Asia]], [[Alaska]], northwestern [[Australia]], and [[Hawaii]]. If viewed from east of the [[International Date Line]] (for instance from [[Hawaii]]), the eclipse took place on March 8 (Tuesday) (local time) and elsewhere on March 9 (Wednesday).<ref name="espenak" />

The eclipse was clearly visible in many parts of Indonesia, including [[Central Sulawesi]] and [[Ternate]], but obscured by clouds and smokes in [[Palembang]], the largest city on the path of totality.<ref name="q52h7" /><ref name="Jakata Globe" /> The eclipse coincided with [[Nyepi]], a [[public holiday]] in Indonesia and the end of the [[Balinese saka calendar]]. Because Nyepi is normally a day of silence, Muslims in Bali had to be given special dispensation to attend special prayer services during the eclipse.<ref name="2NNao" />

== Path of the eclipse ==

On March 9, 2016, a large area of the Pacific, covering Indonesia, [[Borneo]], but also large parts of Southeast Asia and Australia, witnessed a partial solar eclipse. It was total in multiple islands of Indonesia, three atolls of the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] ([[Eauripik]], [[Woleai]] and [[Ifalik]]) and the central Pacific, starting at sunrise over Sumatra and ending at sunset north of Hawaii. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean, the totality exceeded a duration of more than 4 minutes.<ref name="Astronomy Now" />
ed, and much of East Asia witnessed more than 50% partial eclipse.<ref name="Astronomy Now" /><ref name="Economic Times" />

The largest city along the path of totality was [[Palembang]] in southern Sumatra ({{convert|423|km|abbr=on}} from [[Jakarta]] and {{convert|478|km|abbr=on}} from [[Singapore]]).<ref name="Jakata Globe" />

In order to watch the total solar eclipse, [[Alaska Airlines]] adjusted the flight plan for Flight 870. The flight passed through the umbral shadow about {{convert|695|mi}} north of [[Hawaii]].<ref name="W9doP" />

== Maps ==
{| class=wikitable width=300
|[[File:Solar eclipse animate (2016-Mar-09).GIF]]
|[[File:An EPIC Eclipse.gif|340px]]<br />Animation assembled from 13 images acquired by NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera atop the [[Deep Space Climate Observatory|DSCOVR]] satellite.
|- align=center
|colspan=2|[[File:Global path of the total solar eclipse 2016-03-09.png|600px]]<br />Path of the eclipse in [[Southeast Asia]]
|- align=center
|colspan=2|[[File:Path of the total solar eclipse of 2016-03-09 in Indonesia.png|600px]]<br />Path of the eclipse in [[Indonesia]]
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" align="left">
File:Partial solar eclipse at Jakarta, Indonesia - March 9 2016.JPG|Partial in [[Jakarta, Indonesia]], 0:23 UTC
File:Partial Solar Eclipse, 9 March 2016, from Singapore (editted and cropped).jpg|Partial in [[Nanyang Technological University, Singapore]], 0:23 UTC
File:SolarEclipse.jpg|Partial in [[Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam]], 0:26 UTC
Eclipse IMG 6820 (25340012520).jpg|Partial in [[Marina Bay, Singapore]], 0:26 UTC
File:Solar Eclipse (25333178700).jpg|Partial in [[Dompu]], Indonesia, 0:38 UTC
File:Diamond Ring, Tanjung Pandan, Indonesia. (33311539925).jpg|[[Diamond ring effect]] in [[Tanjung Pandan]], Indonesia. 0:42 UTC
File:Solar Eclipse KKU (25261758439).jpg|Partial in [[Khon Kaen University]], Thailand, 0:46 UTC
File:Partial Solar Eclipse 9 March 2016 from Nonthaburi, Thailand.JPG|Partial in [[Nonthaburi]], Thailand, 0:52 UTC
File:Solar Eclipse 09-03-16 Brunei (25005063854).jpg|Partial in [[Jerudong]], Brunei, 1:01 UTC
File:XOKA1563-1024ss (25536509211).jpg|Partial in [[Langkawi]], Malaysia, 1:16 UTC
File:Partial Solar Eclipse in Hefei, Anhui, China.JPG|Partial in [[Hefei, China]], 1:40 UTC
</gallery>

== Eclipse details ==
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 2016 Mar 09|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/2001-2100/SE2016Mar09Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+March 9, 2016 Solar Eclipse Times
! Event
! Time (UTC)
|-
| First Penumbral External Contact
| 2016 March 08 at 23:20:28.3 UTC
|-
| First Umbral External Contact
| 2016 March 09 at 00:17:05.3 UTC
|-
| First Central Line
| 2016 March 09 at 00:17:51.5 UTC
|-
| First Umbral Internal Contact
| 2016 March 09 at 00:18:37.8 UTC
|-
| First Penumbral Internal Contact
| 2016 March 09 at 01:18:48.1 UTC
|-
| Ecliptic Conjunction
| 2016 March 09 at 01:55:37.5 UTC
|-
| Greatest Duration
| 2016 March 09 at 01:57:59.8 UTC
|-
| Greatest Eclipse
| 2016 March 09 at 01:58:19.5 UTC
|-
| Equatorial Conjunction
| 2016 March 09 at 02:06:49.1 UTC
|-
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact
| 2016 March 09 at 08:37:36.7 UTC
|-
| Last Umbral Internal Contact
| 2016 March 09 at 03:37:53.0 UTC
|-
| Last Central Line
| 2016 March 09 at 03:38:40.8 UTC
|-
| Last Umbral External Contact
| 2016 March 09 at 03:39:28.6 UTC
|-
| Last Penumbral External Contact
| 2016 March 09 at 04:36:03.3 UTC
|}

{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+March 9, 2016 Solar Eclipse Parameters
! Parameter
! Value
|-
| Eclipse Magnitude
| 1.04499
|-
| Eclipse Obscuration
| 1.09200
|-
| Gamma
| 0.26092
|-
| Sun Right Ascension
| 23h19m17.6s
|-
| Sun Declination
| -04°22'46.4"
|-
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 16'06.5"
|-
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.9"
|-
| Moon Right Ascension
| 23h18m58.7s
|-
| Moon Declination
| -04°07'40.6"
|-
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 16'33.5"
|-
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 1°00'46.2"
|-
| ΔT
| 68.1 s
|}
{{clear}}

== Eclipse season ==
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an [[eclipse season]], a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a [[fortnight]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of March 2016
! [[Solar eclipse of March 9, 2016|March 9]]<br/>Descending node (new moon)<br/> !! [[March 2016 lunar eclipse|March 23]]<br/>Ascending node (full moon)<br/>
|-
| [[File:SE2016Mar09T.png|200px]] || [[File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2016Mar23.png|200px]]
|- align=center
| [[Total eclipse#Types|Total solar eclipse]]<br />Solar Saros 130 || [[Lunar eclipse#Types of lunar eclipse|Penumbral lunar eclipse]]<br />Lunar Saros 142
|}

== Related eclipses ==
=== Eclipses in 2016 ===
* '''A total solar eclipse on March 9.'''
* [[March 2016 lunar eclipse|A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23]].
* [[August 2016 lunar eclipse|A penumbral lunar eclipse on August 18]].
* [[Solar eclipse of September 1, 2016|An annular solar eclipse on September 1]].
* [[September 2016 lunar eclipse|A penumbral lunar eclipse on September 16]].

=== Metonic ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of May 20, 2012]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of December 26, 2019]]

=== Tzolkinex ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of April 20, 2023]]

=== Half-Saros ===
* Preceded by: [[March 2007 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 3, 2007]]
* Followed by: [[March 2025 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of March 14, 2025]]

=== Tritos ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of April 8, 2005]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of February 6, 2027]]

=== Solar Saros 130 ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of February 26, 1998]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of March 20, 2034]]

=== Inex ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of March 29, 1987]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of February 16, 2045]]

=== Triad ===
* Preceded by: [[Solar eclipse of May 9, 1929]]
* Followed by: [[Solar eclipse of January 8, 2103]]

=== Solar eclipses of 2015–18 ===
{{Solar eclipse set 2015–2018}}

=== Saros 130 ===
{{Solar Saros series 130}}

=== Metonic series ===
{{Solar Metonic series 1993–2069}}

=== Tritos series ===
{{Solar Tritos series 2005 April 8}}

=== Inex series ===
{{Solar Inex series 2016 March 9}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|1=30em|refs=
<ref name="nyt">{{Cite web
  | url   = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/12/science/this-weeks-other-solar-eclipse.html
  | title = This Week’s Other Solar Eclipse
  | first = Nicholas
  | last  = St Fleur
  | date  = March 11, 2016
  | via   = NYTimes.com
  }}</ref>
<ref name="abc">{{Cite web
  | url     = https://abcnews.go.com/US/lucky-airline-passengers-total-solar-eclipse-plane/story?id=37487695
  | title   = Lucky Airline Passengers to See Total Solar Eclipse From Plane
  | website = ABC News
  }}</ref>
<ref name="space">{{Cite web
  | url     = https://www.space.com/32214-total-solar-eclipse-airline-flight-video.html
  | title   = 'Tornado of Darkness': We Saw the Total Solar Eclipse from a Plane (Video)
  | first   = Joe
  | last    = Rao
  | date    = March 10, 2016
  | website = Space.com
  }}</ref>
<ref name="phys">{{Cite web
  | url     = https://phys.org/news/2016-03-total-solar-eclipse-indonesia_1.html
  | title   = Total solar eclipse sweeps across Indonesia
  | first   = Gianrigo
  | last    = Marletta
  | website = phys.org
  }}</ref>
<ref name="espenak">{{cite web
  | first       = Fred
  | last        = Espenak
  | title       = Google Maps and Solar Eclipse Paths: 2001 – 2020
  | url         = http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEgoogle/SEgoogle2001.html
  | work        = Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC
  | publisher   = [[NASA]]
  | access-date = April 11, 2009
  }}</ref>
<ref name="Astronomy Now">{{cite web
  | url         = https://astronomynow.com/2016/03/08/get-ready-for-the-9march-total-solar-eclipse/
  | website     = Astronomy Now
  | date        = March 8, 2016
  | access-date = March 9, 2016
  | title       = Get ready for the 9 March total solar eclipse
  | author      = Ade Ashford
  }}</ref>
<ref name="Economic Times">{{cite news
  | url         = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/part-of-total-solar-eclipse-seen-in-india/articleshow/51330675.cms
  | title       = Part of total solar eclipse seen in India
  | author      = PTI
  | date        = March 9, 2016
  | access-date = March 9, 2016
  | newspaper   = Economic Times
  }}</ref>
<ref name="Jakata Globe">{{cite news
  | url          = http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/completely-off-charts-indonesia-prepares-march-9-eclipse/
  | title        = 'Completely Off the Charts': Indonesia Prepares for March 9 Eclipse
  | newspaper    = Jakata Globe
  | date         = November 15, 2015
  | author       = Graham Jones
  | access-date  = March 9, 2016
  | archive-date = October 9, 2016
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20161009213903/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/completely-off-charts-indonesia-prepares-march-9-eclipse/
  | url-status   = dead
  }}</ref>
<ref name="q52h7">{{Cite web
  | title       = Solar eclipse sweeps across Asia
  | url         = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/indonesia/12188350/Total-solar-eclipse-in-Indonesia-asia-live.html
  | website     = The Daily Telegraph
  | access-date = 2016-03-10
  | date        = March 10, 2016
  | first       = Chris
  | last        = Graham
  }}</ref>
<ref name="2NNao">{{cite web
  | url          = http://www.balidiscovery.com/messages/message.asp?Id=13304
  | title        = Do's and Don'ts on Nyepi: Religious Leaders in Bali Issue Guidelines for Nyepi Observance on March 9, 2016
  | website      = Bali Discovery Tours
  | date         = February 20, 2016
  | access-date  = March 9, 2016
  | archive-date = March 10, 2016
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310010734/http://www.balidiscovery.com/messages/message.asp?Id=13304
  | url-status   = dead
  }}</ref>
<ref name="W9doP">{{cite web
  | last1     = Cosgrove
  | first1    = Cole
  | title     = Chasing the shadow of the moon: To intercept eclipse, Alaska Airlines adjusts flight plan to delight astronomers
  | date      = 7 March 2016
  | url       = http://blog.alaskaair.com/alaska-airlines/news/eclipse-flight/
  | publisher = Alaska Airlines
  }}</ref>
}}

== References ==
{{commons category|Solar eclipse of 2016 March 9}}
{{Solar eclipse NASA reference|2001/SE2016Mar09T|20160309}}
* F. Espenak, J. Meeus: Five Millennium Catalog of Solar eclipses, NASA/TP-2009-213174
* {{Cite web
  | url         = http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEgoogle/SEgoogle2001/SE2016Mar09Tgoogle.html
  | publisher   = NASA
  | title       = Total solar eclipse of 2016 Mar 09, Google Maps and Solar Eclipse Paths
  | access-date = March 10, 2016
  }}
* [http://hermit.org/eclipse/2016-03-09/ hermit.org: Total Solar Eclipse: March 9 2016]
* [http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/solar_eclipses/TSE_2016_GoogleMapFull.html Interactive map of the eclipse with local circumstances and diagram]
* [http://www.iac.es/divulgacion.php?op1=16&id=1035&lang=en EU project Stars4All: Eclipse online broadcast from Palu (Indonesia)]
* {{YouTube|sr8ASPwrs58|Video with Total Solar Eclipse March 09 2016 (from the beginning to the total phase)}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/seandoran/40728490500/in/photostream/ High-resolution animation of eclipse shadow] by Seán Doran from [[JAXA]]'s [[Himawari (satellite)|Himawari]] imagery

{{Solar eclipses}}

[[Category:2016 in Asia]]
[[Category:2016 in science]]
[[Category:21st-century solar eclipses|2016 3 9]]
[[Category:Total solar eclipses|2016 3 9]]
[[Category:March 2016]]
[[Category:2016 in Indonesia]]