View source for Socialist Republic of Slovenia

{{Short description|Federated state of Yugoslavia (1945–1991)}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Socialist Republic of Slovenia{{efn|Historical names:
*1945-1946: Federal Slovenia<br />({{langx|sl|Federalna Slovenija}})
*1946-1963: People's Republic of Slovenia<br />({{langx|sl|Ljudska republika Slovenija}})}}<br />{{no bold| {{small|(1963-1990)}}<br />{{native name|sl|Socialistična republika Slovenija}}}}{{hr}}Republic of Slovenia<br />{{no bold| {{small|(1990-1991)}}<br />{{native name|sl|Republika Slovenija}}}}
| common_name            = Slovenia
| status                 = [[Constituent republic]] of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
| p1                     = Italian Social Republic{{!}}{{nowrap|'''1945:'''<br>Italian Social Republic}}
| flag_p1                = War flag of the Italian Social Republic.svg
| p2                     = Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral
| flag_p2                = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg
| p3                     = Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946){{!}}Kingdom of Hungary
| flag_p3                = Flag of Hungary (1920–1946).svg
| p4                     = Free Territory of Trieste{{!}}{{nowrap|'''1954:'''<br>Free Territory of Trieste}}
| flag_p4                = Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg
| s1                     = Republic of Slovenia{{!}}{{nowrap| Republic<br>of Slovenia}}
| flag_s1                = Flag of Slovenia.svg
| image_flag             = Flag of Slovenia (1945-1991).svg
| image_coat             = Coat of Arms of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia.svg
| symbol_type            = Emblem
| symbol                 = Coat of arms of Slovenia
| common_languages       = [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
| religion               = 
| national_motto         = 
| anthem                 = "[[Naprej, zastava slave]]"<br />(1972–1990)<br />{{center|[[File:Anthem of the Slovenian Armed Forces.ogg]]}}<br />"[[National anthem of Slovenia|<span lang="sl">''Zdravljica''</span>]]"<br />(from 1990){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Slovenia's national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]}}
| image_map              = Locator map Slovenia in Yugoslavia.svg
| image_map_caption      = Slovenia within [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
| capital                = [[Ljubljana]]
| government_type        = {{small|'''1945–1989:'''}}<br>[[Socialist state|Socialist republic]]<br>{{small|'''1989–1991:'''}}<br>[[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary constitutional republic]]
| title_leader           = [[President of Slovenia|President]]
| leader1                = [[Josip Vidmar]]
| year_leader1           = 1945–1953 <small>(first)</small>
| leader2                = [[Milan Kučan]]
| year_leader2           = 1990–1991 <small>(last)</small>
| title_representative   = [[Prime Minister of Slovenia|Prime Minister]]
| representative1        = [[Boris Kidrič]]
| year_representative1   = 1945–1946 <small>(first)</small>
| representative2        = [[Lojze Peterle]]
| year_representative2   = 1990–1991 <small>(last)</small>
| title_deputy           = [[President of the League of Communists of Slovenia|General Secretary]]
| deputy1                = [[Boris Kidrič]]
| year_deputy1           = 1945–1946 <small>(first)</small>
| deputy2                = [[Ciril Ribičič]]
| year_deputy2           = 1989–1990 <small>(last)</small>
| legislature            = 
| era                    = Cold War
| event_start            = [[Slovene National Liberation Committee|SNOS]]
| date_start             = 19 February
| year_start             = 1945
| event2                 = [[1990 Slovenian independence referendum|Referendum]]
| date_event2            = 23 December 1990
| event3                 = Independence declared
| date_event3            = 25 June 1991
| event_end              = [[Ten-Day War]]
| year_end               = 1991
| date_end               = 27 June – 5 July
| event_post             = Recognized
| date_post              = 12 January 1992
| today                  = [[Slovenia]]
| HDI                    = 0.772
| HDI_year               = 1991
}}
{{History of Slovenia}}
The '''Socialist Republic of Slovenia''' ({{langx|sl|Socialistična republika Slovenija}}, {{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|separator=" / "|Socijalistička Republika Slovenija|Социјалистичка Република Словенија}}), commonly referred to as '''Socialist Slovenia''' or simply '''Slovenia''', was one of the six [[federal republic]]s forming [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] and the [[nation state]] of the [[Slovenes]]. It existed under various names from its creation on 29&nbsp;November 1945 until 25&nbsp;June 1991.

In early 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the [[League of Communists of Slovenia|League of Communists]] – and adopted a multi-party democracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Slovenia.html|title=Slovenia|work=worldstatesmen.org|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> Republic of Slovenia dropped the 'Socialist' label shortly after and in late 1990 cast a successful public vote for independence, which it formally declared on 25 June 1991 and achieved after the brief [[Ten-Day War]].

==Names==
The republic was first officially named '''Federal Slovenia''' ({{langx|sl|Federalna Slovenija}}, {{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|Federalna Slovenija|Федерална Словенија|separator=" / "}}) until 20 February 1946, when it was renamed the '''People's Republic of Slovenia''' ({{langx|sl|Ljudska republika Slovenija|link=no}}, {{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|Narodna Republika Slovenija|Народна Република Словенија|separator=" / "|link=no}}).<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-AFGPZB0W/? |title=Mesto kot upravnoteritorialna enota 1945–1955 |language=sl, en|trans-title=A Town as an Administrative–Territorial Unit |first=Janez |last=Kopač |year=2007 |volume=30 |issue=2 |publisher=Arhivsko društvo Slovenije |id={{COBISS|ID=914293}} |page=83 |journal=Arhivi |issn=0351-2835}}</ref> It retained this name until 9 April 1963, when its name was changed again, this time to '''Socialist Republic of Slovenia''' ({{langx|sl|Socialistična republika Slovenija|link=no}}, {{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|Socijalistička Republika Slovenija|Социјалистичка Република Словенија|separator=" / "|link=no}}).<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://sistory.si/publikacije/prenos/?urn=SISTORY:ID:9842 |title=Ustava Socialistične republike Slovenije z dne 9. aprila 1963 |language=sl|trans-title=The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia from 9 April 1963 |first=Janez |last=Kopač |journal=Arhivi |year=2001 |volume=XXIV |issue=1 |page=1}}</ref>

On 8 March 1990, the Socialist Republic of Slovenia removed the prefix "Socialist" from its name, becoming the [[Slovenia|Republic of Slovenia]],<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.uradni-list.si/Data/File/vip_akti/1990-02-0402.pdf |title=Odlok o razglasitvi ustavnih amandmajev k ustave<!-- sic! --> Republike Slovenije |language=sl |trans-title=Decree on the Proclamation of Constitutional Amendments to the Constitution |date=8 March 1990 |journal=Uradni list Republike Slovenije [Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia] |first=Miran |last=Potrč |issue=8 |volume=47 |issn=0350-4964}}</ref> though remaining a constituent state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 25 June 1991, when it enacted the laws resulting in independence.

== Economy ==
Although it comprised only about one-eleventh of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]'s total population, it was the most productive of the Yugoslav republics, accounting for one-fifth of its GDP and one-third of its exports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovenia |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3407.htm#econ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref>

=== GDP per capita of republics and autonomous provinces ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Indexed GDP per capita by federal unit<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vojnić |first=Dragomir |date=22 May 2013 |title=Ekonomija i politika tranzicije Pola stoljeća povijesti reforme socijalizma i tranzicije 1962. – 2012. |trans-title=The Economy and Policy of Transition Half a Century of the Reform of Socialism and the Transition (1962–2012) |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/161885 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=Hrčak |publisher=Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti – Razred za društvene znanosti |language=hr}}</ref>
! class="unsortable" |Federal unit
!1953
!1955
!1960
!1965
!1970
!1975
!1980
!1985
!1989
|-
| align="left" |SR Slovenia
|161.1
|174.9
|180.4
|183.2
|193.7
|205.3
|200.5
|203.1
|199.0
|-
| align="left" |[[Socialist Republic of Croatia|SR Croatia]]
|115.4
|122.5
|119.2
|120.3
|123.6
|123.1
|125.6
|125.3
|125.6
|-
| align="left" |[[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]]
|99.4
|93.6
|107.9
|112.5
|107.4
|115.1
|113.5
|117.8
|119.0
|-
| align="left" |[[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]]
|96.8
|90.8
|96.4
|96.3
|96.5
|96.7
|98.7
|99.2
|103.1
|-
| align="left" |[[Socialist Republic of Montenegro|SR Montenegro]]
|74.8
|77.2
|64.5
|76.3
|77.2
|69.1
|79.6
|78.0
|73.5
|-
| align="left" |[[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|SR Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|85.7
|83.3
|76.0
|71.7
|67.6
|65.8
|65.6
|68.7
|67.9
|-
| align="left" |[[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|SR Macedonia]]
|68.0
|68.4
|63.9
|66.6
|70.0
|68.0
|66.3
|64.2
|65.7
|-
| align="left" |[[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo|SAP Kosovo]]
|45.8
|42.5
|37.4
|36.5
|34.1
|33.4
|28.6
|27.7
|25.6
|}

==Independence==

In September 1989, numerous [[constitutional amendment]]s were passed by the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, which introduced [[parliamentary democracy]] to the country.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.fdv.si/zalozba/pdf-ji/135.pdf |title=Razvoj parlamentarizma: funkcije sodobnih parlamentov |language=sl |trans-title=The Development of Parliamentarism: The Functions of Modern Parliaments |first=Drago |last=Zajc |page=109 |publisher=Publishing House of the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana |year=2004 |isbn=961-235-170-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.svz.gov.si/si/zakonodaja_in_dokumenti/osamosvojitveni_akti_republike_slovenije/ |title=Osamosvojitveni akti Republike Slovenije |language=sl |trans-title=Independence Acts of the Republic of Slovenia |publisher=Office for Legislation, Government of the Republic of Slovenia |access-date=27 December 2011}}</ref> The same year [[Rally of Truth|Action North]] both united the opposition and democratized communist establishment in Slovenia as the first defense action against [[Slobodan Milošević|Milošević]]'s supporters' attacks, leading to Slovenian independence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fvv.uni-mb.si/varstvoslovje/Abstract.aspx?cid=329|title=Historical Circumstances in Which "The Rally of Truth" in Ljubljana Was Prevented|publisher=Journal of Criminal Justice and Security|access-date=4 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213053210/http://www.fvv.uni-mb.si/varstvoslovje/Abstract.aspx?cid=329|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/osamosvojitev/prispevek/108/predvajaj/|title="Rally of truth" (Miting resnice)|publisher= A documentary published by [[RTV Slovenija]]|access-date=4 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akcijasever.si/|title=akcijasever.si|publisher=The "North" Veteran Organization|access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref>

The word 'Socialist' was removed from the name of the then state on 7 March 1990.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.uradni-list.si/dl/vip_akti/1990-02-0402.pdf |title=Odlok o razglasitvi ustavnih amandmajev k ustave<!-- sic! --> Socialistične Republike Slovenije |language=sk |trans-title=The Decree About the Proclamation of Constitutional Amendments to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia |journal=Uradni List Republike Slovenije |date=16 March 1990 |access-date=27 December 2011}}</ref> The socialist infrastructure was largely dissolved. The [[1990 Slovenian parliamentary election|first open democratic election]] was held on 8 April 1990.<ref name="Greif">{{cite book |url=http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/dela/Greif-Gregor.PDF |title=Posledice ustavnih izbir in demokratični prehod v Republiki Sloveniji |language=sl |trans-title=The Consequences of Constitutional Choices and the Democratic Transition in the Republic of Slovenia |author=Greif, Gregor |publisher=Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana |year=2006}}</ref> The parliamentary elections were won by the opposition, known as the [[DEMOS coalition]] led by the dissident [[Jože Pučnik]]. At the same time, [[Milan Kučan]], the former chairman of the [[League of Communists of Slovenia]] (ZKS), was elected President of the Republic. The democratically elected parliament nominated the [[Slovene Christian Democrats|Christian Democratic]] leader [[Lojze Peterle]] as Prime Minister, which effectively ended the 45-year-long rule of the Communist Party. During this period, [[Slovenia]] retained its old flag and coat of arms, and most of the previous symbols as it awaited the creation of new symbols that would eventually come after independence. The old national anthem, ''[[Naprej zastava slave]]'', had already been replaced by the ''[[Zdravljica]]'' in March 1990.

On 23 December 1990, a [[1990 Slovenian independence referendum|referendum on independence]] was held in Slovenia, at which 94.8% of the voters (88.5% of the overall electorate) voted in favour of separation of Slovenia from Yugoslavia.<ref name="Juberias">{{cite book |url=http://crnvo.me/docs/biblio_eng/p10.pdf |title=Legal Aspects for Referendum in Montenegro in the Context of International Law and Practice |date=November 2005 |chapter=Some legal (and political) considerations about the legal framework for referendum in Montenegro, in the light of European experiences and standards |last=Flores Juberías |first=Carlos |page=74 |publisher=Foundation Open Society Institute, Representative Office Montenegro |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426081759/http://crnvo.me/docs/biblio_eng/p10.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-26 }}</ref><ref name="STAT11">{{cite book | chapter-url=http://www.stat.si/letopis/2011/05_11/05-11-11.htm |title=Statistični letopis 2011 |trans-title=Statistical Yearbook 2011 |chapter=Volitve |trans-chapter=Elections |page=108 |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |work=Statistical Yearbook 2011 |year=2011 |volume=15 |issn=1318-5403}}</ref> On 25 June 1991, the acts about the Slovenian independence were passed by the Assembly; Slovenia was immediately recognized by likewise declared [[Croatia]] and it recognized the latter in kind. Following a short [[Ten-Day War]], the military of Slovenia secured its independence; by the end of the year, its independence was recognized by the wider [[international community]].

== See also ==
* [[Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Federal subjects of Yugoslavia}}
{{Slovenia topics}}
{{Years in Slovenia}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|46.0500|N|14.5000|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Communism in Slovenia]]
[[Category:Modern history of Slovenia|*]]
[[Category:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia|Slovenia]]
[[Category:20th century in Slovenia]]
[[Category:Political history of Slovenia]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Slovenia]]
[[Category:1990s disestablishments in Slovenia]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:1991 disestablishments in Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1945|Slovenia]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1991]]
[[Category:1940s in Slovenia|*]]
[[Category:1950s in Slovenia|*]]
[[Category:1960s in Slovenia|*]]
[[Category:1970s in Slovenia|*]]
[[Category:1980s in Slovenia|*]]
[[Category:1990s in Slovenia|*]]
[[Category:Former socialist republics|Slovenia]]