View source for Snow-White-Fire-Red

{{Short description|Sicilian fairy tale}}
'''Snow-White-Fire-Red''' (''Bianca-comu-nivi-russa-comu-focu'') is a Sicilian [[fairy tale]] collected by [[Giuseppe Pitre]]<ref>Pitrè, Giuseppe. ''[https://archive.org/details/bibliotecadelle17pitrgoog/page/n342/mode/1up Fiabe Novelle e Racconti Popolari Siciliani]''. Vol. I. 1875. pp. 109-117.</ref> and translated by [[Thomas Frederick Crane]] in ''Italian Popular Tales''.<ref name="Crane">{{Cite book |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/23634 |title=Italian Popular Tales |last=Crane |first=Thomas Frederick |year=1885 |pages=72}}</ref>

==Synopsis==

A king and queen made a vow that, if they had a child, they would make one fountain run with oil and another with wine.  The queen gave birth to a son, and they set up the fountains so that everyone could take oil and wine.  At the end of the seven years, the fountains were running dry, and an [[ogre]]ss came to take the last with a sponge and pitcher.  Once she had labored to collect it all, the prince threw a ball, breaking the pitcher.  She cursed him to be unable to marry until he found Snow-White-Fire-Red.

When he grew up, he remembered this and set out.  One night he slept in a great plain where there was a large house.  In the morning, he saw an ogress come and call to Snow-White-Fire-Red to let down her hair.  When the ogress left, he called to her, and she, thinking it was her mother (as she called the ogress), let down her hair.  He climbed it and told her his tale.  She told him the ogress would eat him, and so she hid him and asked the ogress how she could escape, if she wanted to.  The ogress told her that she would have to enchant all the furniture to answer in her own voice, but that ogress would climb and find out in time, and so she would have to take seven balls of yarn and throw them down as the ogress caught up.

Snow-White-Fire-Red enchanted all the furniture, took the yarn, and fled with the prince.  The ogress called to the furniture, and it answered until finally she climbed and discovered that the girl was gone.  She chased after, calling to Snow-White-Fire-Red to turn around, which would have let her enchant her.  Snow-White-Fire-Red threw down the yarn, and each ball impeded and injured her until she cursed the prince to forget Snow-White-Fire-Red as soon as his mother kissed him, and the ogress died.

The lovers went on, and the prince told Snow-White-Fire-Red that he would get her suitable clothing to appear at court.  He forbade his mother to kiss him, but she came into his bedroom at night and kissed him while he slept, and he forgot Snow-White-Fire-Red.

An old woman took pity on Snow-White-Fire-Red and took her home.  Snow-White-Fire-Red made marvelous things, and the old woman sold them.  One day she told the old woman to get her scraps of cloth from the palace, and she dressed two doves that the old woman owned.  The two birds flew to the palace, where everyone admired them, and the doves told the story of how the prince had won Snow-White-Fire-Red.  He remembered and ordered the birds to be followed, and soon he and Snow-White-Fire-Red were married.

==Translations==
The tale was also translated as ''Snow White, Flaming Red'' and as ''Snow White, Blazing Red'' by [[Jack Zipes]] and Joseph Russo.<ref>Zipes, Jack; Russo, Joseph. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_t0rBgAAQBAJ&dq=%22snow+white%2C+flaming+red%22&pg=PA88 The Collected Sicilian Folk and Fairy Tales of Giuseppe Pitré]''. Vol. 1. Routledge, 2013. pp. 86-90. {{ISBN|9781136094026}}.</ref><ref>Pitrè, Giuseppe; Zipes, Jack. ''Catarina the Wise and Other Wondrous Sicilian Folk and Fairy Tales''. University of Chicago Press. 2017. pp. 23-28. {{ISBN|9780226462820}}.</ref>

==Analysis==
=== Tale type ===
The tale is classified in the [[Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index]] as tale type ATU 310, "The Maiden in the Tower".<ref>Pitrè, Giuseppe; [[Jack Zipes|Zipes, Jack David]]; Russo, Joseph. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sdwrBgAAQBAJ&dq=%22lo+turzo+d%27oro%22&pg=PA823 The collected Sicilian folk and fairy tales of Giuseppe Pitrè]''. New York: Routledge, 2013 [2009]. p. 819. {{ISBN|9781136094347}}.</ref>

Folklorist Thomas Frederick Crane noted that the tale also involved the motif of the magical escape from the maiden's ogre mother, a narrative sequence that appears in tale type ATU 313, "The Magic Flight". He also remarked that this Sicilian tale had the motif of "The Forgotten Fiancé": after the hero and his bride return to his home, he kisses someone and forgets about her and his adventures.<ref>Crane, Thomas Frederick. ''Italian Popular Tales''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Company. 1885. p. 71.</ref>

=== Motifs ===
Scholars Christine Goldberg and [[Max Lüthi]] indicated that [[Southern Europe]]an variants of type ATU 310, "The Maiden in the Tower", show the episode of the ''Forgotten Fiancé'',<ref>Goldberg, Christine. "The Forgotten Bride (AaTh 313 C)". In: ''Fabula'' 33, no. 1-2 (1992): 43 (footnote nr. 21). https://doi.org/10.1515/fabl.1992.33.1-2.39</ref> for example, in Greek variants.<ref>Merakles, Michales G. ''Studien zum griechischen Märchen''. Eingeleitet, übers, und bearb. von Walter Puchner. (Raabser Märchen-Reihe, Bd. 9. Wien: Österr. Museum für Volkskunde, 1992. p. 103 (footnote nr. 284). {{ISBN|3-900359-52-0}}.</ref>

According to [[Walter Puchner]], in ''The Forgotten Fiancée'' subtype, it is "particularly common" in [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] variants for the heroine to release doves to the prince's palace to remind him. This motif also occurs in combination with tale type ATU 310 in Mediterranean tales.<ref>Puchner, Walter. "Magische Flucht (AaTh 313 sqq.)" [Magic Flight (ATU 313 ff.)]. In: ''Enzyklopädie des Märchens'' Band 9: Magica-Literatur – Neẓāmi. Edited by Rudolf Wilhelm Brednich; Hermann Bausinger; Wolfgang Brückner; Helge Gerndt; Lutz Röhrich; Klaus Roth. De Gruyter, 2016 [1999]. p. 16. {{ISBN|978-3-11-015453-5}}. https://www.degruyter.com/database/EMO/entry/emo.9.003/html</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Children's literature}}
*[[Anthousa, Xanthousa, Chrisomalousa]]
*[[Geirlug The King's Daughter]]
*[[Rapunzel]]
*[[The Dove (fairy tale)|The Dove]]
*[[The Giant Who Had No Heart in His Body]]
*[[The Master Maid]]
*[[The Prince Who Wanted to See the World]]
*[[The Silent Princess]]
*[[The Two Kings' Children]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/crane/snowfirered.html SurLaLune Fairy Tale site ''Snow-White-Fire-Red''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708093355/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/crane/snowfirered.html |date=2013-07-08 }}
{{Snow White}}

[[Category:Female characters in fairy tales]]
[[Category:Italian fairy tales]]
[[Category:Snow White]]
[[Category:ATU 300-399]]
[[Category:ATU 700-749]]
[[Category:Thomas Frederick Crane]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about ogres]]
[[Category:Fairy tales about princes]]