View source for Silvio Rodríguez

{{Short description|Cuban folk singer and songwriter (born 1946)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{family name hatnote|Rodríguez|Domínguez|lang=Spanish}}{{Expand Spanish|topic=bio|date=July 2021}}{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| name              = Silvio Rodríguez
| image             = Silvio Rodríguez - Plaza de Mayo - Festival Todos Somos Argentinos-25-may-04-presidencia-govar.jpg
| caption           = Silvio in Argentina in 2004
| image_size        = 
| background        = solo_singer
| birth_name        = Silvio Rodríguez Domínguez
| alias             = 
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1946|11|29|df=y}}<ref name="havanamusicschool">{{cite web |title=Silvio Rodríguez – The voice of the Cuban nueva trova {{!}} Havana Music |url=https://havanamusicschool.com/silvio-rodriguez-the-voice-of-the-cuban-nueva-trova/ |website=havanamusicschool.com |access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
| origin            = [[San Antonio de los Baños]], [[Havana Province]], [[Cuba]]
| instrument        = Guitar, vocals
| genre             = [[Nueva Trova]]
| occupation        = Singer-songwriter
| years_active      = 1967–present
| label             = 
| associated_acts   = {{flatlist|
* Vicente Feliú
* [[Sara González (singer)|Sara González]]
* [[Pablo Milanés]]
* [[Noel Nicola]]
* [[Residente]]
}}
| website           = {{URL|www.zurrondelaprendiz.com/}}
}}

'''Silvio Rodríguez Domínguez''' (born 29 November 1946) is a Cuban musician, and leader of the [[Nueva Trova]] movement.

He is widely considered as Cuba's best [[Folk music|folk]] singer and arguably one of Latin America's greatest singer-songwriters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagenradio.com.mx/hoy-cumple-70-anos-el-cantautor-mas-querido-de-cuba-silvio-rodriguez|title=Hoy cumple 70 años el cantautor más querido de Cuba, Silvio Rodríguez|author=Adela Micha|date=29 November 2016|publisher=Imagen Radio|access-date=17 November 2017|language=es}}</ref> Known for his intellectual, highly eloquent and symbolic lyrics, his songs are iconic elements of Latin American left-leaning popular culture. Many of his songs have become classics in [[Latin American music]], such as "Ojalá", "Playa Girón", "Unicornio", "Sueño con Serpientes", "Vamos a andar," and "La maza". Among his other well-known songs are political anthems like "[[Fusil contra fusil]]" and "Canción del Elegido", and poetic melodies like "A donde van" and "Noche sin fin y mar". He has released over 20 albums.

Rodríguez, musically and politically, is a symbol of the Latin American [[Left-wing|left]]. His lyrics are notably introspective, while his songs combine [[romanticism]], [[eroticism]], [[existentialism]], [[revolutionary politics]] and [[idealism]]. As a humanist, his songs often bespeak a secular worldview, where humanity must make the best of this world.

== Biography ==

=== Childhood ===
Rodríguez was born on 29 November 1946 in [[San Antonio de los Baños]], a fertile valley in [[Havana Province]] known for its tobacco crop. He was raised in a family of poor farmers. His father, Víctor Dagoberto Rodríguez Ortega, was a farmer and amateur poet who supported socialist causes. His mother, Argelia Domínguez León, was a housewife. During her adolescence, she was a part of a singing duo with sister Orquídea Domínguez, with whom she participated in many radio broadcasts and cultural events. The first of his mother's songs that Rodríguez recalls hearing is "El colibrí," a Cuban folk song that he would later sing during many of his tours. On many occasions, Rodríguez has spoken how his love of music was developed by his mother, who would pass time singing [[bolero]]s and songs from [[Santiago de Cuba|Santiago]]. Later, she also collaborated with him on a few musical works. One of his uncles, Ramiro Domínguez, was a professional musician and a member of the group Jazz Band Mambí.<ref>Marta Valdés: La Jiribilla (12-18 de marzo de 2005). «Conversando con Silvio Rodríguez». Consultado el 26 de octubre de 2012.</ref> This musical environment, which began with grandmother María León and her husband Felíx Domínguez, lovers of the [[trova]] musical style, inspired Rodríguez to take an interest in music during his childhood.<ref name=":0">León Ojeda, Nestor José (2005). ''Silvio Rodríguez: Análisis literario y musical de sus obras más populares. Semblanza biográfica'' (1ª edición). España: Abecedario. pp. 27-28. {{ISBN|978-84-934089-5-4}}.</ref>

Rodríguez was just two years old when he began singing for his father's friends. A few years later, he participated in the music competition ''Buscando una estrella'' ("Looking for a Star"), hosted by the now-defunct Cuban radio station CMQ. He was invited a few days later to participate in a musical competition for children held by the same station, this time directed by the well-known announcer Germán Pinelli. This time, he won first place for singing the bolero ''Viajera'' ("Traveler").<ref name=":0" /> 

When he was five years old, Silvio and his family moved to [[Havana]] due to a better job opportunity for his father in the tapestry business. In the capital, he participated in a radio event with the theme "We are Happy Today." He received his first instrument, a conga drum, from his uncle Ramiro. He would use it to imitate the rhythms of [[Benny Moré]] and the [[Orquesta Aragón]].<ref name=":1">León, op. cit., p. 29.</ref>

In 1953, at the age of seven years old and the beginning of the [[Cuban Revolution]], his father enrolled him in the La Milagrosa Conservatory.<ref>Manabe, Noriko (diciembre de 2006). «Lovers and rulers, the real and the surreal: harmonic metaphors in Silvio Rodríguez's songs». ''Transcultural music review/Revista transcultural de música'' (10).</ref> There, he passed the introductory class and the first piano course, given by Margarita Pérez Picó, within six months. However, in spite of Pérez's enthusiasm, Silvio lost interest and dropped out of the course after a short time. At nine years old and motivated by his father, who read him poems by José Martí and Rubén Darío,<ref>Serrano, Margarita. ««A mí no me gusta cantar... me gusta hacer canciones»: Entrevista a Silvio Rodríguez para diario La Tercera, Chile, 22 de septiembre de 1996». ''Zurrón del Aprendiz''. Archivado desde el original el 19 de diciembre de 2013. Consultado el 16 de mayo de 2013.</ref> among others, he took an interest in literature, paying attention to the work of both poets, as well as the genre of science fiction. [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]]'s ''[[The Little Prince]]'' remained one of his favorite books in adulthood.<ref name=":1" />

At the age of ten years old, Rodríguez's parents divorced, and he temporarily returned to his hometown with his mother and sister. The two years that followed this event would be immortalized later in various songs published between 1969 and 1984, such as "El Papalote" or "Me veo claramente". However, his parents reconciled in 1958 and decided to move back to the capital, specifically to 530 San Miguel Street, in the city center.<ref name=":2">León, op. cit., pp. 32-33.</ref>

=== Adolescence ===
[[File:Silvio Rodriguez 1962.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Silvio Rodríguez in 1962.]]On January 1, 1959, when Rodríguez was thirteen years old, [[Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro's]] Éjercito Rebelde brought an end to the dictatorship of [[Fulgencio Batista]]. This event shaped the musical life of the singer-songwriter and coincided with his transition from childhood into adolescence. Like many Cubans of his generations, he became involved with the new revolutionary enthusiasm. Despite regularly traveling between his hometown and the capital, he enlisted in the [[San Antonio de los Baños]] chapter of the Association of Socialist Youth, created by [[Che Guevara]]. In parallel to his participation in this organization, Rodríguez enrolled in night school at the [[Carlos Finlay|Carlos J. Finnay]] school to study for the [[Bachillerato (Cuba)|bachillerato]], a post-secondary degree. There, he became friends with Vicente Feliú, another future member of the [[Nueva trova|Nueva Trova]] movement.<ref name=":2" /> 

The following year, amid social tension due to Cuba's nationalization of businesses and the [[United States embargo against Cuba|United States' embargo]], his parents separated once again, this time indefinitely. Argelia, who at this time worked at home as a hairdresser, married a man named Rolando and moved to 456 Gervasio Street, near Dagoberto. Silvio took an interest in classical music during this time.<ref name=":2" />

In January 1961, the United States broke diplomatic relations with Cuba following the election of president [[John F. Kennedy]], who authorized the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) to invade the country. On April 15, bombings began in Havana, Santiago de Cuba, and San Antonio de los Baños, to which the family had recently returned despite the protests of Silvio, who had recently joined his school's militia. The return to his hometown was an opportunity for Silvio to assume new responsibilities, passing from adolescence to young adulthood.<ref name=":3">León, op. cit., p. 34.</ref>

=== Young adulthood ===
One of the first social goals of the Cuban Revolution was to drastically reduce the rate of illiteracy in the country. In one year, it was able to reduce the rate from 23.6% to 3.9%. Though still a minor, he participated as a member of the Conrado Benítez [[Cuban literacy campaign|Literacy Brigades]] in the [[Escambray Mountains]]. There, he helped give the campesinos classes in history, geography, grammar, and mathematics, as well as explaining elements of the new government, such as the [[Agrarian reforms in Cuba|Agrarian Reform]] plan. In 1961, during one of the campaigns, Rodríguez ingested a toxic plant, suffering second-degree burns that forced him to return to Havana.<ref>León, op. cit., pp. 35-36.</ref> 

Once again in the capital, he met the caricaturists Virgilio Martínez and José Luis Posada, who worked for ''Mella,'' a communist magazine. He began to collaborate with the magazine in early 1962. He met the writers Víctor Casaus and Luis Rogelio Nogueras, who would later write a book, ''Silvio: que levante la mano la guitarra''<ref>Casaus, Víctor; Nogueras, Luis Rogelio (1984). ''Silvio: que levante la mano la guitarra''. La Habana, Cuba: Letras Cubanas. {{ISBN|959-10-0740-X}}. Archivado desde el original el 14 de noviembre de 2011. Consultado el 4 de febrero de 2012.</ref>'','' later adapted into a film of the same name. Rodríguez began to read the works of  [[Federico García Lorca]], [[Pablo Neruda]], [[Nicolás Guillén|Guillén]], [[Edgar Allan Poe]], and [[Walt Whitman]]. In the magazine, Rodríguez became well known for his work as illustrator for the series ''El hueco.'' One of his colleagues, Lázaro Fundora, played the guitar as a hobby and taught Rodríguez the first chords of the instrument that would become a key part of his future work.<ref name=":3" />

In 1963, with the birth of his second sister, Anabell López, the daughter of his mother and Rolando, Rodríguez began his studies in painting at the School of San Alejandro, in Havana. He also returned to the piano classes he had abandoned in his childhood, this time under the guidance of Elvira Fabre Obregón.<ref name=":4">León, op. cit., pp. 37-39.</ref> 

At 17 years old in 1964, he was required to participate in [[Conscription in Cuba|compulsory military service]]. He joined the [[Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces|Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias]] (FAR), where he would meet Esteban Baños, a member of his unit who gave him further instruction in playing the guitar. It was in the Managua military encampment that Rodríguez composed his first songs, which he played for the other soldiers. His first songs, written in 1964 and 1965, were the boleros ¨Saudade" and "La cascada," both about love; later, he wrote "Atavismo", "Nuestra ciudad", "Es sed", "Te vas", and "La otra presencia". His interest in protest songs came shortly after this period. At the same time, he worked as an illustrator for the Art and Science section of the magazine ''Venceremos'', which was published by the political section of the Army. In 1965, he transferred to the magazine ''Verde Olive'', where he remained until the end of his military service, working during the day and teaching himself the guitar at night.<ref name=":4" />

In 1967, just before completing his military service, Rodríguez won an honorary mention in the literary competition of the FAR for his book of poems ''Honradado Cuaderno No. 1''.<ref>Radio RedDelSur (2009). «Silvio Rodríguez: Biografía». Archivado desde el original el 26 de marzo de 2014. Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2012.</ref> At the end of this period, Rodríguez began his prolific music career.<ref name=":4" />

== Music career ==

=== Television career ===
Rodríguez made his musical debut in front of the general public on June 13, 1967 in the television program ''Música y estrellas'',<ref name=":4" /> invited to perform by musical director Mario Romeu. On that occasion, Rodríguez performed "Es sed", "Sueño del colgado y la tierra", and "Quédate", the latter of which appeared later on his album ''Expedición'', released in 2002.<ref name=":5">Zurrón del aprendiz. «Canciones inéditas». Archivado desde el original el 22 de diciembre de 2011. Consultado el 15 de febrero de 2012.</ref>

Between November 1967 and mid-1968, he was the host of the television program ''Mientras tanto'', named after one of his songs. The program had artists, writers, cinematographers, and new and established artists as guest stars. Among those featured were [[Bola de Nieve]], [[Omara Portuondo]], and [[Elena Burke]], among other influential Cuban artists. Each episode ended with Rodríguez's song "Y nada más", which appeared in his 1978 album ''Mujeres.'' After the death of Che Guevara in 1967, he wrote the protest songs "¿Por qué?", and "La leyenda del águila". Other songs written during this period include 'Ay de mí', 'Debajo del cañón', 'Déjame regresar', 'En busca del tiempo perdido', 'En ti', 'Graciela', 'Grita más', 'Hay un grupo que dice', 'Los funerales del insecto', 'María', 'Muerto', 'Oye', 'Quién va a pensar en algo más', 'Si se va la esperanza', 'Tema de la adolescencia', 'Tengo que estar en ti', 'Treinta años', 'Tu beso', and 'Y anoche'. Some of these were dedicated to a woman named Emilia, who he viewed as his first important love.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />

Rodríguez affirms that he has always felt a sense of panic in front of the lights and cameras. However, despite his notoriety for being a nervous television host, his program received a positive reception from the Cuban public.<ref>Zurrón del aprendiz. «Al inicio de este viaje en la vida». Archivado desde el original el 11 de junio de 2012. Consultado el 20 de febrero de 2012.</ref>

=== Nueva Trova ===
It wasn't until 1967, with his first television experience, that he started to become well-known and influential among Cuban, revolutionary youth. With pro-revolution, yet very independent, lyrics (together with his very informal dress code), Rodríguez soon attracted the animosity of some members of the new Culture Ministry, which was devoted to the eradication of the United States' influence in Cuban culture.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} In this context, a very important role was played by the cultural institution [[Casa de las Américas]] and its then director [[Haydée Santamaría]], the former a respected revolutionary who participated in the [[Moncada barracks]] assault of 1953 and sister of [[Abel Santamaría]], who was tortured and killed after the failure of the assault. Haydée Santamaría became a protective mother-figure of the young composers and of several of his colleagues at the time. Casa de las Américas became the home not only for the new Cuban ''trovadores'' but also for many other Latin Americans on the left. It was in this institution that Rodríguez met [[Pablo Milanés]], and [[Noel Nicola]], who along with Rodríguez would become the most famous [[Nueva Trova]] singers and composers.

In 1969, for almost five months, he worked as part of the crew on the fishing boat Playa Girón, and during this fertile episode he wrote 62 songs, among which are the famous "Ojalá" and "Playa Girón." The lyrics and music of these songs became a book named ''Canciones del Mar''. In 1976, he decided to join Cuban troops in Angola, playing for the soldiers.

After more than 40 years of artistic work, Rodríguez has now written a vast number of songs and poems (said to be between 500 and more than one thousand), many of which have never been set to music and probably never will be. Although his musical knowledge has been continuously increasing (counting among his teachers the famous Cuban composer [[Leo Brouwer]]), he is more widely praised for the poetry in his songs than for the accompanying music. His lyrics are a staple of leftist culture throughout the whole Spanish-speaking world, and he has been banned from the media during several of the [[dictatorship|dictatorial regimes]] that ruled Latin America in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

His debut album was ''Días y flores'', launched in 1975. ''Al final de este viaje'' and ''Cuando digo futuro'' feature songs he composed before ''Días y flores''. He reached international popularity in the early 1980s with ''Rabo de nube'' and, in particular, ''Unicornio''. In the early part of his career his work displayed a fair amount of revolutionary optimism. ''Mujeres'', released in 1979, is in contrast a romantic and highly intimist album. In the middle of his career, Silvio Rodríguez experimented with sounds and rhythms departing from his trademark acoustic guitar, accompanied by the group Afrocuba (e.g. in ''Causas y azares''). At maturity, Silvio Rodríguez thoroughly purified his sound through a return to acoustic guitar, great care and sophistication in the voice, and exclusive control of the production process from beginning to end. His lyrics became more introspective, at times even self-absorbed or self-justifying, expressing melancholic longings about the shortcomings of real-life socialism in Cuba while vindicating idealism and revolutionary hope amongst the youth. The trilogy, called ''Silvio'', ''Rodríguez'', and ''Domínguez'' (his first name, his father's last name, his mother's last name) displays sound artistic talent. The doubts, absent in the early part of his career, also correspond to the fall of Soviet communism and the so-called Special Period in Cuba. {{citation needed|date=August 2021}} An unnoticed recurrent theme in the lyrics of the early part of his career is that of death, particularly although not only as associated with guerrilla warfare. In contrast to the explicitness of his early songs and political positions, there was a displacement of emphasis in his later years toward fantasy and dreams. Both, however, are about an alternative that is not present but is called for, or what Laclau would call a longing for a "missing fullness". This is true politically, romantically, and existentially. In a similar way, the unusual confessional tone of many of his songs allows for an unorthodox combination of transgression, eroticism, longing, and at times (probably accurate) self-deprecation in many of his lyrics.

The entire work of Silvio Rodríguez offers an intimate and introspective window into the life cycle of the artist. If the lyrics of the early part of his career are about revolutionary enthusiasm, love encounters and disappointments, as well as sensual desire, and if the middle-aged Silvio is more self-questioning, often looking backward; his most recent albums, such as ''Cita con ángeles'', talk in part about his life as a grandfather and has a certain focus on children, while ''Érase que se era'' is the release (with all the means that come with being an established artist) of songs written early in his youth but never previously recorded. ''Mariposas'' also featured two classics composed in his youth.

Silvio Rodríguez stands out in the Spanish-speaking world for the intimacy and subtlety of his lyrics, as well as for his acoustic melodies and "chord picking." He is particularly popular amongst intellectual circles of the left in Latin America and Spain. He has also often served as Cuban cultural emissary in events of solidarity, whether in Chile (''Silvio Rodríguez in Chile'', 1990) or Argentina (En vivo en Argentina, recorded in 1984), both massive concerts given shortly after the fall of the right-wing dictatorships. Cuban flags are always conspicuous in the crowd during his concerts.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Chilean audiences had become familiar with Silvio Rodríguez through the circulation of clandestine pirate cassettes in the 1980s.<ref name=Laura2009>{{Cite journal|title=Música y clandestinidad en dictadura: la represión, la circulación de músicas de resistencia y el casete clandestino|journal=Revista Musical Chilena|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-27902009000200006|last=Jordán|first=Laura|volume=63|pages=212|issue=Julio-Diciembre|language=es|trans-title=Music and "clandestinidad" During the Time of the Chilean Dictatorship: Repression and the Circulation of Music of Resistance and Clandestine Cassettes}}</ref>

In 2007, he received a doctorate ''honoris causa'' from [[Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos]] in Peru.<ref>"[http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/Noticias2007/febrero/d22/veramp.php?val=1 Honoris Causa para trovador cubano Silvio Rodríguez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205065628/http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/Noticias2007/febrero/d22/veramp.php?val=1 |date=5 February 2012 }}", ''San Marcos al Día'', 22 de febrero de 2006.</ref> ([[Lima]], [[Peru]]).

Rodríguez has been a major influence on many folk artists, including the Swedish artist [[José González (singer)|José González]].<ref>[http://www.hatesomethingbeautiful.com/?p=486 José González interview] with ''Hate Something Beautiful'', 29 June 2006</ref>

==U.S. appearance==
Silvio Rodríguez has been denied a United States visa several times, and it was particularly controversial in 2009 when he was invited to celebrate the 90th birthday of [[Pete Seeger]]. However, in 2010, he obtained a visa and performed at venues in [[Puerto Rico]] (30 May), New York (4 and 10 June), [[Oakland]], (12 June), Los Angeles (17 June), Washington, D.C. (19 June) and [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] (23 June). These were his first appearances in the United States in 30 years.<ref>[http://blogs.miaminewtimes.com/riptide/2010/05/silvio_rodriguez_plays_first_a.php "Silvio Rodriguez Plays First American Show in 30 Years", May 14, 2010.]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/07/arts/music/07silvio.html Music Review: A Cuban Folk Song Pioneer], ''New York Times'', 6 June 2010.</ref>

==Discography==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Studio albums===
* 1975 – ''[[Días y Flores]]''
* 1978 – ''[[Al Final de Este Viaje]]'' 
* 1979 – ''Mujeres''
* 1979 – ''Rabo de Nube''
* 1982 – [[Unicornio]]
* 1984 – ''Tríptico: Volumes I, II & III''
* 1992 – ''Silvio''
* 1994 – ''[[Rodríguez (Silvio Rodríguez album)|Rodríguez]]''
* 1996 – ''Domínguez''
* 1998 – ''Descartes''
* 1999 – ''Mariposas''
* 2002 – ''Expedición''
* 2003 – ''Cita con Ángeles''
* 2006 – ''Érase Que Se Era''
* 2010 – ''Segunda Cita''
* 2015 – ''Amoríos''
* 2020 - ''Para la espera''
* 2024 - ''[[Quería saber]]''

{{col-2}}

===Collaborative albums===
* 1986 – ''Causas y Azares''  <small>(with Afrocuba)</small>  
* 1987 – ''[[Árboles]]''  <small>(with [[Roy Brown (Puerto Rican musician)|Roy Brown]])</small>   
* 1988 – ''Oh, Melancolía ''  <small>(with Afrocuba)</small>
* 2021 - ''Silvio Rodríguez Con Diákara''  <small> (with Diákara)</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Silvio Rodríguez Con Diákara |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/20432692-Silvio-Rodr%C3%ADguez-Di%C3%A1kara-Silvio-Rodr%C3%ADguez-Con-Di%C3%A1kara |website=Discogs |access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref>

===Live albums===
* 1977: ''Cuando Digo Futuro''
* 1984: ''En Vivo en Argentina'' <small>(with [[Pablo Milanés]])</small>
* 1990: ''Silvio Rodríguez en Chile''
* 1990: ''España y Argentina en vivo''
* 1993: ''[[Mano a mano (Silvio Rodríguez y Luis Eduardo Aute)|Mano a Mano]]''  <small>(with [[Luis Eduardo Aute]])</small>

===EP===
* 1968 – ''Canción Protesta'' 
* 1969 – ''Pluma en Ristre'' 
{{col-end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Silvio Rodríguez}}
* [http://www.zurrondelaprendiz.cult.cu/ Official Silvio Rodriguez's website] Songs, pictures, writings (in Spanish)
* [http://segundacita.blogspot.com/ Official Silvio Rodriguez's blog] – More than 5800 followers (in Spanish)
* [http://suenacubano.com/silvio-rodriguez/ Official Silvio Rodriguez's Suenacubano Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510103009/http://suenacubano.com/silvio-rodriguez/ |date=10 May 2016 }}
* Documentary film [https://www.kanopy.com/en/product/silvio-rodriguez-my-first-calling Silvio Rodriguez: My First Calling] (25 mins, USA/Cuba, 2020)
* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110625204800/http://silviorodriguez.lacoctelera.net/ Analysis of Silvio Rodriguez Songs] Meaning of lyrics (in Spanish)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427043409/http://www.sancristobal.cult.cu/sitios/Che/canciones.htm Che, Guía y Ejemplo:] – Songs of Silvio Rodriguez dedicated to Che Guevara
* {{YouTube|br1VJEN5-x4|''Hasta Siempre Commandante''}} – performed live by Silvio Rodriguez
* [http://www.sibetrans.com/trans/articulo/154/lovers-and-rulers-the-real-and-the-surreal-harmonic-metaphors-in-silvio-rodriguez-s-songs  TRANS] Analysis of the harmonies of Silvio's songs, socio-cultural background [https://zenodo.org/record/1063704#.WhNl-xNSxo4 PDF]
* [http://www.warr.org/rodriguez.html Brief reviews of Silvio's albums]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060305133907/http://www.patriagrande.net/cuba/silvio.rodriguez/ Silvio's page in Patria Grande]
* [http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=333690&CategoryId=13003 Cuban Singer Complains that U.S. Didn’t Give Him Visa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192912/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=333690&CategoryId=13003 |date=3 March 2016 }} by the ''Latin American Herald Tribune''
* [https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ie4f4KwNnYVhwfkFdxdgK8L2WDMgD99KA7D81 Cuba's Silvio Rodriguez Dedicates Song to 'Che']{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''AP'', 23 July 2009
* [http://bigpondnews.com/articles/Entertainment/2010/06/05/Cuban_folk_singer_plays_rare_US_show_470290.html Cuban Folk Singer Plays Rare US Show] 5 June 2010
* [http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=25133 Silvio Rodriguez Concert in USA] Photo Feature by Bill Hackwell, ''Havana Times'', 17 June 2010

{{Silvio Rodríguez}}
{{Latin Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video}}
{{Cuba topics}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rodriguez, Silvio}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from San Antonio de los Baños]]
[[Category:Cuban people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Cuban communists]]
[[Category:Cuban male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Cuban singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Cuban guitarists]]
[[Category:Cuban male guitarists]]
[[Category:Latin music songwriters]]
[[Category:Nueva trova]]