View source for Sils im Engadin/Segl

{{Redirect|Sils Maria|the film|Clouds of Sils Maria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Swiss town
 | subject_name         = Sils im Engadin/Segl
 | image_photo          = Sils-Segl Maria and Sils-Segl Baselgia.jpg
 | image_caption        = Segl Maria (left) and Segl Baselgia (right)
 | municipality_type    = municipality and village
 | imagepath_flag       = CHE Sils im Engadin Segl Flag.svg
 | imagepath_coa        = CHE Sils im Engadin Segl COA.svg|pixel_coa=
 | position             = left
 | canton               = Graubünden
 | iso-code-region      = CH-GR
 | district             = [[Maloja Region|Maloja]]
 |coordinates          = {{coord|46|26|N|9|46|E|display=inline,title}}
 | postal_code          = 7514, 7515, 7517
 | municipality_code    = 3789
 | area                 = 63.54
 | elevation            = 1809 |elevation_description=Church Segl Maria
 | population = 761 | populationof = December 2015
 | website              = www.sils-segl.ch
 | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
 | mayor_title= |list_of_mayors=
 | places               = Segl Maria, Segl Baselgia, Seglias, [[Val Fex]] as well as [[Grevasalvas]], [[Blaunca]] and [[Buaira]]
 | demonym =
 | neighboring_municipalities= [[Bivio]], [[Chiesa in Valmalenco]] (IT-SO), [[Lanzada]] (IT-SO), [[Samedan]], [[Silvaplana]], [[Stampa]]
 | twintowns =
|}}

'''Sils im Engadin/Segl''' ({{langx|de|Sils im Engadin}}; [[Romansh language|Romansh]] {{Audio|Roh-putèr-Segl.ogg|''Segl''}}), often also as ''Sils i.E./Segl'', is a [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] and village in the [[Maloja Region]], [[Upper Engadine]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of the [[Grisons]].

It consists of two villages, Segl Maria (Romansh, {{langx|de|Sils Maria}}; ''Seglias'' is part of Segl Maria) and Segl Baselgia (German: ''Sils Baselgia''; ''Baselgia'' is Romansh for church); the [[Val Fex]] (German: ''Fextal''); and three ''Maiensäss''e (Alpine pastures traditionally used for spring grazing): [[Grevasalvas]], [[Blaunca]] and [[Buaira]], above ''Plaun da Lej'' on the left side of the valley.

==Name and coat of arms==
The municipality's official label uses both the [[German language|German]] and the [[Romansh language|Romansh]] versions of its name: ''Segl'' is the Romansh version while ''Sils im Engadin'' is the German. [[Engadin]] is Romansh for "Valley of the Inn ({{langx|rm|En}})", the river, which flows northeast from Maloja through Sils Baselgia and eventually into the Danube at [[Passau, Germany]] at the German-Austrian border.

Sils i.E is distinguished from [[Sils im Domleschg]] in another Swiss watershed. Sils was originally divided into the three hamlets of Segl Baselgia, Segl Maria, and Seglias.

The coat of arms is ''Per fess Azure a Sun radiated Or'' and ''Or a Trout Azure spotted Gules''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/ch-gr114.html |title=Sils im Engadin/Segl commune (Graubünden/Grischun canton, Switzerland) |website=Flagspot.net |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref> It shows a blue upper half with a golden sun and a yellow lower section with a blue trout. It is a combination of the historical village coats of arms, and represents the municipality's sunny, elevated location and the fish-filled [[Lake Sils]].

==History==
[[File:Johann Heinrich Müller, 1825-1894 J03 Sils Maria.JPG|thumb|left|Segl Maria c. 1870. Etching by [[commons:Category:Johann Heinrich Müller (1825-1894)|Heinrich Müller]]]]
Sils im Engadin/Segl is first mentioned around 800–850 as ''Silles''. In 1131 it was mentioned as ''Sillis''.

Four little [[Votive offering|votive]] altars from [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times, found in Segl Baselgia, suggest that there was a sanctuary on the Roman trade route leading over the [[Maloja Pass]] and the [[Julier Pass]]. In the [[Middle Ages]], Sils/Segl was a reloading point on this route. Remains of a medieval castle are located on the ''Chastè'' peninsula in Lake Sils. In the [[Late Middle Ages]], fishing was a major source of income: Salted and smoked [[trout]] were exported to Italy.

In the 19th century, numerous citizens of Sils/Segl emigrated; some of them returned wealthy and brought prosperity to the village. In the second half of the 19th century and in the 20th century, tourism became more and more important to Sils/Segl. [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] spent the summers here from 1881 to 1888. The house in which he lived has been a museum since 1960: the [[Nietzsche-Haus, Sils Maria|Nietzsche-Haus]]. The Waldhaus hotel was opened in 1908; among its guests were numerous artists, musicians, writers and philosophers. With the opening of the [[Aerial tramway]] to [[Furtschellas]] in 1972, Sils/Segl also became a winter resort.<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|1545|Sils im Engadin/Segl}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:SilsMaria.Lac.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Sils and Lake Sils]]
[[File:Sils Maria.jpg|thumb|upright|Segl Maria with the church in Segl Baselgia in the background]]
Located in the valley of Upper Engadine, Sils i.E./Segl nestles between [[Lake Sils]] and [[Lake Silvaplana]] at the foot of [[Piz Corvatsch]] and [[Piz da la Margna]] and below the Val Fex, a valley in the south. The municipality belongs to the Maloja District.

Sils im Engadin/Segl has an area (as of the 2004/09 survey) of {{Swiss area|3789|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|3789|QUELLE}} About 25.9% is agricultural, while 11.1% is forested. Of the rest, 1.2% is developed (buildings or roads) and 61.7% is unproductive. In the 2004/09 survey, {{convert|38|ha|acre|abbr=on}}, or about 0.6% of the total area, was covered with buildings, an increase of {{convert|5|ha|acre|abbr=on}} from 1985. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space increased by {{convert|6|ha|acre|abbr=on}} and is now about 0.16% of the total area. Of the agricultural land, {{convert|307|ha|acre|abbr=on}} are fields and grasslands, and {{convert|1435|ha|acre|abbr=on}} are alpine grazing areas. Since 1985, the agricultural land has decreased by {{convert|119|ha|acre|abbr=on}} and the forested land increased by {{convert|117|ha|acre|abbr=on}}. Rivers and lakes cover {{convert|404|ha|acre|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung.gnpdetail.2016-0436.html |title=Arealstatistik Land Use – Gemeinden nach 10 Klassen |website=www.landuse-stat.admin.ch |date=24 November 2016 |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=SFSO2016>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/regionalstatistik/regionale-portraets-kennzahlen/gemeinden/daten-erlaeuterungen.assetdetail.328115.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits] accessed 27 October 2016</ref>

The plain is grass-covered, and the steep slopes are heavily forested.
{{clear|left}}

==Demographics==
Sils im Engadin/Segl has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3789}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}  {{as of|2014}}, 38.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  In 2015, 144 people or 18.9% of the population were born in Portugal, 42 or 5.5% of the population were born in Germany and 63 or 8.3% of the population were born in Italy.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.325718.html Federal Statistical Office – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (Land)] accessed 31 October 2016</ref> Over the last 4 years (2010–2014) the population has changed at a rate of 2.13%.  The [[birth rate]] in the municipality, in 2014, was 15.7, while the [[death rate]] was 1.3 per thousand residents.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

{{as of|2014}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 17.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 65.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.8%.<ref name=SFSO2016/> In 2015 there were 299 single residents, 381 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 37 widows or widowers and 44 divorced residents.<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Default.aspx?px_language=de Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geschlecht, Zivilstand und Geburtsort] {{in lang|de}} accessed 8 September 2016</ref>

In 2014 there were 401 private households in Sils im Engadin/Segl with an average household size of 1.91 persons.  Of the 253 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 34.8% were single family homes and 36.0% were multiple family buildings.  Additionally, about 32.0% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 7.5% were built between 1991 and 2000.<ref name=Housing>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Thema 09 – Bau- und Wohnungswesen ] {{in lang|de}} accessed 5 May 2016</ref> In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 26.46.  The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2015|alt=in 2015}}, was 1.2%.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/default.aspx?px_language=de Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850–2000 ] {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 April 2016</ref>
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==Languages==
[[File:ETH-BIB-Sils-Segl Maria v. N. aus 1900 m-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-005350.tif|thumb|Aerial view of Segl Maria from 1900&nbsp;m by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] (1927)]]
Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (59.4%), with Italian being second most common (15.4%) and Romansh being third (12.0%).<ref name=SFSO/> Into the 19th century, the entire population spoke the Upper-[[Engadin]] Romansh dialect of [[Putèr]]. Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline. In 1880 about 68% spoke Romansh as a first language, while in 1910 it was only 56% and in 1941 it increased to 61.5%. In the 1960s German became the majority language. However, in 2000 there were 33% of the population who at least understood Romansh.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Languages in Sils im Engadin/Segl
|-
! rowspan="2"| Languages !! colspan="2" | Census 1980 !! colspan="2" | Census 1990 !! colspan="2" | Census 2000
|-
! Number !! Percent !! Number !! Percent !! Number !! Percent
|-
|German || align=right | 210 || align=right | 48.39% || align=right | 291 || align=right | 58.43% || align=right | 446 || align=right | 59.39%
|-
|Romansh || align=right | 137 || align=right | 31.57% || align=right | 122 || align=right | 24.50% || align=right | 90 || align=right | 11.98%
|-
|[[Italian language|Italian]] || align=right | 67 || align=right | 15.44% || align=right | 71 || align=right | 14.26% || align=right | 116 || align=right | 15.45%
|-
|'''Population''' || align=right | 434 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 498 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 751 || align=right | 100%
|}

==Politics==
In the [[2015 Swiss federal election|2015 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] with 28.5% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the BDP (24.0%), the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] (18.5%) and the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (16.9%).  In the federal election, a total of 169 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 40.6%.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |date=2 August 2016 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 18 July 2016</ref>

In the 2007, [[2007 Swiss federal election|federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 34.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (29.3%), the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (26.6%) and the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (7.2%).<ref name=SFSO>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |title=Regional statistics |website=Bfs.admin.ch |accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref>

==Education==
In Sils im Engadin/Segl, about 70.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>

==Economy==
Sils im Engadin/Segl is classed as a tourist community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/querschnittsthemen/raeumliche-analysen/raeumliche-gliederungen/analyseregionen.assetdetail.335600.html|title=Die Raumgliederungen der Schweiz 2016 |publisher= Swiss Federal Statistical Office |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |language=de, fr, it, en |date=17 February 2016 |accessdate= 14 December 2016}}</ref>

{{as of|2014|In 2014}}, there were a total of 955 people employed in the municipality.  Of these, a total of 24 people worked in 8 businesses in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]].  The [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employed 132 workers in 18 separate businesses, of which 5 were small businesses with a total of 94 employees.  Finally, the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] provided 799 jobs in 85 businesses.  There were 14 small businesses with a total of 338 employees and two mid sized businesses with a total of 201 employees.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.331681.html Federal Statistical Office -Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Gemeinde, Wirtschaftssektor und Grössenklasse] accessed 31 October 2016</ref> In 2014 a total of 26.5% of the population received social assistance.<ref name=SFSO2016/>

In the second quarter of 2016 an average of 251 workers commuted from outside Switzerland to work in the municipality, representing a large minority of the employees.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.336002.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Cross Border Workers] accessed 27 October 2016</ref>

In 2015 local hotels had a total of 196,257 overnight stays, of which 37.6% were international visitors.<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/daten.assetdetail.252702.html Federal Statistical Office – Hotellerie: Ankünfte und Logiernächte der geöffneten Betriebe] accessed 31 October 2016</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Platta-Fex.JPG|thumb|Settlement in the Fex Valley]]
The Fex Valley is officially car-free except for residents of the valley. The [[Furtschellas]] [[aerial tramway|cable car]] begins near the village and leads to many ski runs and, in summer, to trails above the [[tree line]].

==Climate==

Sils-Segl Maria features a [[subarctic climate|cold subarctic climate]] (''Dfc'') on Köppen classification.

{{Weather box
|location = Segl-Maria, elevation {{convert|1804|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan high C = -1.3
| Feb high C = -0.2
| Mar high C = 2.7
| Apr high C = 5.7
| May high C = 11.0
| Jun high C = 15.3
| Jul high C = 17.6
| Aug high C = 17.0
| Sep high C = 12.7
| Oct high C = 8.8
| Nov high C = 3.4
| Dec high C = -0.3
| year high C = 7.7
| Jan mean C = -6.8
| Feb mean C = -6.3
| Mar mean C = -2.6
| Apr mean C = 1.2
| May mean C = 6.0
| Jun mean C = 9.8
| Jul mean C = 11.8
| Aug mean C = 11.7
| Sep mean C = 7.8
| Oct mean C = 3.8
| Nov mean C = -1.2
| Dec mean C = -4.9
| year mean C = 2.5
| Jan low C = -12.6
| Feb low C = -12.8
| Mar low C = -8.5
| Apr low C = -4.0
| May low C = 0.7
| Jun low C = 3.9
| Jul low C = 5.8
| Aug low C = 6.0
| Sep low C = 2.8
| Oct low C = -0.9
| Nov low C = -5.3
| Dec low C = -9.6
| year low C = -2.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 48.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 34.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 46.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 62.5
|May precipitation mm = 90.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 113.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 108.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 127.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 96.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 105.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 104.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 56.5
|year precipitation mm = 994.0
| Jan snow cm = 60.3
| Feb snow cm = 46.7
| Mar snow cm = 53.9
| Apr snow cm = 44.4
| May snow cm = 7.7
| Jun snow cm = 0.3
| Jul snow cm = 0.2
| Aug snow cm = 0.1
| Sep snow cm = 3.3
| Oct snow cm = 16.6
| Nov snow cm = 54.8
| Dec snow cm = 58.5
| year snow cm = 346.8
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 7.0
| Feb precipitation days = 5.6
| Mar precipitation days = 6.1
| Apr precipitation days = 8.2
| May precipitation days = 10.7
| Jun precipitation days = 11.4
| Jul precipitation days = 11.3
| Aug precipitation days = 11.4
| Sep precipitation days = 8.2
| Oct precipitation days = 8.9
| Nov precipitation days = 8.9
| Dec precipitation days = 8.0
| year precipitation days = 105.7
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
| Jan snow days = 7.0
| Feb snow days = 6.2
| Mar snow days = 5.9
| Apr snow days = 5.3
| May snow days = 1.2
| Jun snow days = 0.1
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.5
| Oct snow days = 2.0
| Nov snow days = 6.2
| Dec snow days = 7.4
| year snow days = 41.8
| Jan humidity = 75
| Feb humidity = 71
| Mar humidity = 71
| Apr humidity = 73
| May humidity = 74
| Jun humidity = 74
| Jul humidity = 74
| Aug humidity = 76
| Sep humidity = 77
| Oct humidity = 77
| Nov humidity = 77
| Dec humidity = 76
| year humidity = 75
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241213081147/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/SeglMaria_06779.csv
| archive-date = 13 December 2024
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/SeglMaria_06779.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 13 December 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[MeteoSwiss]]<ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SIA/climsheet_SIA_np9120_e.pdf
| title = Climate Normals Segl−Maria (Reference period 1991−2020) 
| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss 
| access-date = 29 January 2022}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

==Notable residents and visitors==
[[File:La casa di nice.JPG|thumb|Nietzsche's summer home in Sils, now a museum]]
Philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] summered in Sils in 1881 and between 1883 and 1888, and the house he lived in – the [[Nietzsche-Haus, Sils-Maria|Nietzsche-Haus]] – is now a small museum. [[Anne Frank]] was in Sils for several vacations, and [[Hermann Hesse]] also visited Sils. [[Annemarie Schwarzenbach]] lived in Sils since 1935 and died there in 1942 after a bicycle accident.

==In popular culture==
The area is the setting for much of the film ''[[Clouds of Sils Maria]]'' (2014), written and directed by [[Olivier Assayas]], and starring [[Juliette Binoche]], [[Kristen Stewart]] and [[Chloë Grace Moretz]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/clouds-sils-maria-kristen-stewart-706751|title='Clouds of Sils Maria': Cannes Review|date=May 23, 2014|first=Todd|last=McCarthy|journal=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Part of ''[[Coda (2019 film)|Coda]]'' (2019), starring Patrick Stewart, was also filmed there, in the countryside and at the Waldhaus Sils Hotel.
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sils im Engadin/Segl}}
*[http://www.sils.ch Official website of the tourist office]
*[http://www.sils-segl.ch Official website of the municipality]
*[http://www.corvatsch.ch/ Website for the Corvatsch-Furtschellas lift system (in German)]
*{{HDS|1545}}

{{Municipalities of the Maloja Region}}
{{Engadin_villages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sils Im Engadin Segl}}
[[Category:Sils im Engadin/Segl| ]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Inn (river)]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland]]