View source for Side cap

{{Short description|Foldable military cap}}
[[File:Lt Gen William Fraser greets Air Chf Mshl Sir Jock Stirrup.jpeg|thumb|Senior Royal Air Force and United States Air Force officers wearing flight caps]]
[[File:Luftwaffen Schiffchen.jpg|thumb|upright|German Air Force Garrison cap (''Schiffchen'' "little boat") from 1962 with flaps up (top) and flaps folded down (bottom)]]

A '''side cap''' is a military cap that can be folded flat when not being worn. It is also known as a '''garrison cap''' or '''flight cap''' in the United States, '''wedge cap''' in Canada, or '''field service cap''' in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dress Regulations for the Officers of the Army 1900|publisher=The War Office|year=1900|isbn=0-85368-044-2}}</ref> In form the side cap is comparable to the [[glengarry]], a folding version of the Scottish military bonnet. It has been associated with various military forces since the middle of the 19th century, as well as various civilian organizations.

==Australia==
All ranks of the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] (RAAF) are entitled to wear the blue '''garrison cap''' with appropriate cap badge as an optional item with General Purpose Uniform (GPU),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Force|first=Australian Air|date=2017-11-03|title=Air Force General Purpose Uniform|url=https://www.airforce.gov.au/about-us/your-air-force/brand/air-force-general-purpose-uniform|access-date=2020-08-25|website=airforce.gov.au|language=en}}</ref> Service Dress (SD) and Flying Dress (FD) uniforms.<ref name="RAAF Manual of Dress – chap 2">{{cite book|title=DI(AF) AAP 5135.003 (AM1) – Manual of Dress|chapter=Chapter 2|url=https://archive.org/stream/RoyalAustralianAirForceInsigniaAndUniforms/c2_djvu.txt|date=15 September 2008|publisher=Royal Australian Air Force}}</ref> The piping of the garrison cap for [[air officer]]s is light blue, the piping for all other ranks is solid blue.<ref name="RAAF Manual of Dress – chap 5">{{cite book|title=DI(AF) AAP 5135.003 (AM1) – Manual of Dress|chapter=Chapter 5|url=https://archive.org/stream/RoyalAustralianAirForceInsigniaAndUniforms/c5_djvu.txt|date=15 September 2008|publisher=Royal Australian Air Force}}</ref>

The RAAF is the only branch of the [[Australian Defence Force]] entitled to wear garrison caps.

==Canada==
{{Main|Uniforms of the Canadian Forces}}
{{See also|Canadian military fur wedge cap}}

===Army===
In the Canadian Armed Forces, the '''field service cap''' ({{langx|fr|calot de campagne}}) is defined by the Canadian Forces Dress Instructions as a "cloth folding or 'wedge cap'...Originally designed for wear during field operations and training, it may now also be worn as an undress cap with full and undress uniforms."<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', chap. 1, ¶ 22</ref> The cap is worn as part of the undress uniform by students of [[Royal Military College of Canada]],<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', chap. 5, Annex B, ¶ 2</ref> and as an optional item by all ranks of rifle regiments with ceremonial dress, mess dress, and service dress uniforms.<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', chap. 6, sect. 1, ¶ 4c</ref>

The field service cap was originally adopted army-wide in 1939, and replaced in 1943 by a khaki beret. The coloured field service cap was a variant permitted for private purchase and worn only when off duty. These were in the colours of the regiment or corps of the wearer.

===Air Force===
For personnel who wear air force uniform, the blue '''wedge cap''' ({{langx|fr|calot}}) is authorized for wear with all orders of dress, save for the combat uniform.<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', chap. 6, sect. 1, ¶ 5</ref> It is properly worn "on the right side of the head, centred front and back, with the front edge of the cap {{convert|2.5|cm|in|frac=8}} above the right eyebrow."<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', chap. 2, sect. 2, ¶ 15d</ref> [[Cap badge#Canadian Armed Forces|Cap badges]] are worn on the left side, with the centre of the badge {{convert|6.5|cm|in|frac=8}} from the front of the cap centred between the flap and the top seam.<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', Annex D, Appendix 1</ref> The cap worn by [[general officer]]s is embellished with silver [[piping (sewing)|piping]].<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', chap. 3, sect. 2, ¶ 9</ref> Air force military police in dress uniform wear a scarlet flash in the front of their wedge caps showing {{convert|1|cm|in|frac=8}}. Air force members of [[Canadian Special Operations Forces Command]] wear a tan flash in the front of their wedge caps.<ref>''Canadian Forces Dress Instructions'', chap. 6, sect. 1, ¶ 5c</ref>

Prior to Unification in 1968, the Royal Canadian Air Force wore uniforms similar to those worn by the [[Royal Air Force]], including a blue wedge cap. After 1968, the uniforms of the three services were replaced by a universal rifle-green uniform; the air force, however, was permitted to retain the wedge cap, although in rifle green instead of blue. With the advent of the [[Uniforms of the Canadian Forces#Distinctive Environmental Uniform|Distinct Environmental Uniform]], the blue wedge cap returned.

The wedge cap is also the official headdress of the [[Royal Canadian Air Force Association]] and the [[Royal Canadian Air Cadets]].

==France==
[[File:Spahi-img_0990.jpg|thumb|French Spahi uniform today: 2006 pattern parade uniform for a {{lang|fr|maréchal des logis}} of the [[1st Spahi Regiment]], with red {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}} and distinctive {{lang|fr|burnous}}.]]

The French '''{{lang|fr|bonnet de police}}''' (or "'''{{lang|fr|calot}}'''") originated as a long, pointed headdress, with a [[tassel]] at the end of the trailing crown (or {{lang|fr|flamme}}).<ref>{{cite book|first=Terry|last=Crody|page=60|title= French Revolutionary Infantryman 1791-1802|date=3 April 2009|isbn=978-2-35250-105-3}}</ref> Gradually the {{lang|fr|flamme}} grew shorter until by the mid-nineteenth century the {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}} had become a true folding cap with no trailing crown. Instead the tassel dangled from a short cord sewn onto front point of the crown, hanging above the soldier's right eye.<ref>{{cite book|first=Andre|last=Jouineau|pages=15–16|title=L'Armee de Napoleon III dans la Guerre de 1870|date=14 February 2019|isbn=978-2-84048-511-7|language=fr}}</ref> This style of headdress with a hanging tassel was widely worn by both the [[Belgian Army]]<ref>Liliane et Fred Funcken, page 107 {{lang|fr|L'Uniforme et les Armes des Soldate de la Guerre 1939-1945}} vol. 1, Casterman 1972</ref> and the [[Spanish Army]] during the first half of the 20th century. It is still used by the [[Spanish Foreign Legion]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jose|last=Bueno|pages=72–74|title=Uniformes Contemporaneos del Ejercito Espanol|year=1980|isbn=84-7140-186-X|language=es}}</ref>

When reintroduced for undress or fatigue wear in 1891<ref>{{cite book|first=Laurent|last=Mirouze|page=54|title=The French Army in the First World War – to battle 1914 |year=2007|isbn=978-3-902526-09-0}}</ref> the French army's {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}} had become a plain item of dress without decoration. The colour of this working cap matched that of the tunic with which it was worn (either dark blue, light blue or black prior to World War I;<ref>{{cite book|first=Frederic|last=Coune|pages=16|title=Les Coiffures Militaires Francaises 1870-2000|date=25 June 2012|isbn=978-2--35250-241-8|language=fr}}</ref> [[horizon blue]] from 1915 to 1930; and thereafter khaki).<ref>Francois Vauvillier, page 21, {{lang|fr|Uniformes 1940 L'Infanterie}}, Argout-Editions Paris 1980</ref> In 1915 the {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}} generally replaced the [[kepi]] for other ranks during the remainder of the First World War, because of its greater convenience when the [[Adrian helmet|Adrian steel helmet]] was issued.<ref>{{cite book|first=Andre|last=Jouineau|page=17|title= French Army 1918|date=3 April 2009|isbn=978-2-35250-105-3}}</ref>

Between 1944 and 1962, however, this headdress was worn by most branches of the [[French Army]] in a wide variety of colours, which normally matched those of the kepis historically worn by the particular branch or regiment. Line infantry caps for example had a dark blue base with a red top.<ref>{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Gaujac|pages=19–32|title=Officiers et Soldats de L'Armee Francaise 1943-1956|year=2012|publisher=Histoire & Collections |isbn=978-2-35250-195-4|language=fr}}</ref> In 1959 the {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}} was replaced by the [[beret]] for most units.<ref>{{cite book|first=Frederic|last=Coune|page=74|title=Les Coiffures Militaires Francaises 1870-2000|date=25 June 2012|publisher=Histoire et Collections |isbn=978-2-35250-241-8|language=fr}}</ref>

In the modern French Army the {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}} is worn by the [[1st Spahi Regiment]] in the historic bright red of this branch and, since 2017, by the [[1st Tirailleur Regiment]] in light blue.<ref>{{cite book|first=Pierre|last=Dufour|pages=152 & 155|title=1<sup>er</sup> Régiment de Tirailleurs|date=3 April 2009|publisher=Amber Books Limited |isbn=978-2-35250-105-3}}</ref> The {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}} is also worn by the servicemen of the [[French Gendarmerie]] and the {{lang|fr|i=no|[[Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité]]}} (CRS), the riot units of the [[French National Police]]. Members of these units may have to change quickly from an ordinary headdress to a helmet, and an easily foldable cap is therefore practical.

<gallery widths="200" heights="150" class="center">
File:Calot des troupes coloniales.jpg|A "Traditional" garrison cap ({{lang|fr|calot}}) of the {{langr|fr|[[Troupes de marine]]}}
File:Calot_armée_de_l%27air.png|An example from the French Air and Space Force.
File:CRS officer DSC00783.jpg|A [[Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité|CRS]] police officer in normal gear, including a {{lang|fr|bonnet de police}}.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 121-0425, Französische Kriegsgefangene (crop).jpg|Standard and innovative use by [[French prisoners of war in World War II|French POW]] in 1940
</gallery>

==Italy==

In the [[Italian language]], the side cap is called {{lang|it|bustina}}. It was adopted by the [[Royal Italian Army]] in the 1920s, and by the 1930s it was the main cap used by personnel belonging to the Royal Italian Army, the [[Regia Aeronautica]] (air force) and the [[Blackshirts]]. It remained in use until well after [[World War II]].

==Norway==
In Norway, this is known as ''båtlue'', literally boat cap and is used by the [[Royal Norwegian Air Force]]. [[Hans Majestet Kongens Garde|The Royal Guards]] use a distinct variety commonly known as ''[http://www.webstaff.no/180000%20Army%20Part%208%20Kings%20Guard%20Dress%20regulations/080531.htm gardelue]'' which is worn in garrison and while on leave.

==Portugal==
[[File:Lusitano horses, GNR cavalry (Portugal).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Members of GNR wearing typical pointed ''bivaques'', while patrolling a Portuguese beach on horse.]]
In [[Portugal|Portuguese]] service, the side cap is known as ''barrete de bivaque'' (bivouac cap) and often referred simply as ''bivaque''.

Two basic models are in use by the [[Portuguese Armed Forces|armed forces]], the security forces and the fire services of Portugal.

The first model has a curved top line and is used by the [[Portuguese Air Force]] (all personnel, except members of [[Polícia Aérea|Air Police]]), the [[Portuguese Navy]] (officers and sergeants), the [[Public Security Police]] (all personnel, except members of special units) and the fire services.

The second model is a pointed cap and is used by the [[Portuguese Army]] (only personnel in training) and by the [[Portuguese National Republican Guard|National Republican Guard (GNR)]].

==Russia/Soviet Union==
{{See also|Uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces}}

In the Soviet Union, the garrison cap was known as {{transliteration|ru|pilotka}} ({{lang|ru|пилотка}}, from "pilot"—the original cap was a part of the air force pilots' uniform in [[World War I]]). It was the most common type of cap used by the [[Red Army]] during the Second World War and after until the 1980s. The {{transliteration|ru|pilotka}} was worn during the summer season instead of the winter [[ushanka]]. It continues to be worn in modern Russia, although more in the Air Force and the Navy, especially among submarine personnel, where its compactness is inherently practical. In the Ground Forces the {{transliteration|ru|pilotka}} has been more or less displaced by the [[patrol cap]] and the [[beret]] as an undress headgear, although it remains in the regulations. Navy tropical uniform also features the peculiar ''visored'' {{transliteration|ru|pilotka}}, to protect its wearers from the sun. The garrison cap was also the standard [[Dress uniform|dress]] headgear for women in all of the Russian armed services (except for those units authorised to wear berets, such as airborne troops and marines), until replaced in March 2017 by the world-standard female [[peaked cap]].

[[Aeroflot]] flight attendants wear a scarlet-colored garrison cap with a gold Aeroflot winged sickle-and-hammer stitched in the center.

<gallery widths="200" heights="150" class="center">
File:Bustinaurss.jpg|A {{transliteration|ru|Pilotka}} of the [[Red Army]].
File:Dashing_war_veteran_and_cadets_in_SPb.jpg|A man dressed as a veteran of the [[Great Patriotic War]] wearing both a {{transliteration|ru|[[gymnastyorka]]}} and a {{transliteration|ru|pilotka}}.
</gallery>

==Spain==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2024}}
The ''gorro de cuartel'' – referred to variously as ''gorrillo'', ''gorra'', ''chapiri'' or ''platano'' – was modelled on the later versions of the French ''bonnet de police'' and has the same vestigial tassel hanging from the front of the crown. The ''gorro de cuartel'' was originally known as the ''Isabellina; ''a large beret-like headdress which also included a tassel and was worn by the supporters of Queen Isabella II during the Carlist Wars of the mid-19th century.

It was in common use by both sides during the [[Spanish Civil War]] and continued in use by the Francoist forces after the war ended. It is now the distinguishing headgear of the [[Spanish Legion]] who wear it in barracks and on parade.

==Sweden==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2024}}
[[File:Båtmössa_polisen_modell_1974.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Side cap used by the [[Swedish Police]].]]
In [[Sweden]] this style of headdress is known as a {{lang|sv|båtmössa}} ({{lit|boat cap}}). It is mainly used by the [[Swedish Police Authority]], [[Swedish Customs Service]], [[Community Service Officer]]s and also by [[Swedish Navy|Navy]], [[Swedish Air Force|Air Force]] and [[Swedish Army|Army]] personnel, most recognizably by the infantry and cavalry units of the [[Life Guards (Sweden)|Life Guards]].

==Turkey==
In [[Turkey]] the cap is called 'kayık kep' ({{lit|boat cap}}). The [[Turkish Air Force]] personnel employs a navy<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kapadokyapost.com/haber/5167/hava-kuvvetleri-komutanligi-askeri-usleri-ziyaret-ederek-personelin-moralini-yukseltti.html | title=Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, Askeri Üsleri Ziyaret Ederek Personelin Moralini Yükseltti }}</ref> colored one while the aviation units of the [[Turkish Naval Forces]] using a tan<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gazeterize.com/deniz-kuvvetleri-komutani-oramiral-ercument-tatlioglu-gorevi-basinda-bulunan-personelle-bayramlasti | title=Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanı Oramiral Ercüment Tatlıoğlu, görevi başında bulunan personelle bayramlaştı }}</ref> cap and the [[Turkish Land Forces]] units use a green cap.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.malatya.gov.tr/vali-kaban-malatya-2-kara-havacilik-alay-komutanligini-ziyaret-etti | title=Vali̇ Kaban, Malatya 2. Kara Havacilik Alay Komutanliğini Zi̇yaret Etti̇ }}</ref>

==United Kingdom==
{{See also|Uniforms of the British Armed Forces}}

In the [[British Army]], the first cap to be adopted of this style was the "[[Glengarry]]", which was authorised for all British infantry regiments in 1868 (although Scottish regiments had been wearing a round version since 1848 called a Kilmarnock<ref>Major R. M. Barnes, page 284 "The Uniforms and History of the Scottish Regiments, Sphere Books Ltd, London 1972</ref> or Humle bonnet, which had been folded to make a side cap). The Glengarry was replaced for officers of most non-Scottish units by a cap called the "torin" (similar in shape to the USSR's {{transliteration|ru|pilotka}}), which was worn from circa 1884 until 1896, when it too was replaced by a style for all ranks known as the "Austrian cap", which had a fold-down arrangement, giving the appearance when unfolded of a balaclava, thus warming the ears and back of the neck. The Austrian cap (officially known as the field service cap) was then replaced by [[forage cap#British Army|an entirely different style of head dress]] in 1902 and so went into abeyance from general usage, although officers continued to wear them as a private purchase item of undress uniform. An all-khaki version was also selected in 1912 as a practical head dress by the fledgling [[Royal Flying Corps]] that went on to become the Royal Air Force (who continue to use the same type of cap).

In 1937, a khaki field service cap, described in an amendment to the Dress Regulations for the Army that year as "similar in shape to the [[Glengarry]]" was introduced as the "universal pattern field service cap", and saw extensive service during [[World War II]] as a head dress to be worn with [[British Battledress|Battledress]] when steel helmets were not required. At around the same time coloured versions were introduced for officers of both regular and territorial regiments, although these were an optional item and were produced in a range of colours for different regiments. In 1940 the War Office announced that such caps were to be part of the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)#Uniform|uniform of the LDV/Home Guard]].

Since the universal introduction of the beret in 1947, the field service cap continued as an optional officer's accessory to be worn in barrack and mess dress (as an alternative to the peaked, khaki service-dress cap). They are still tailored in regimental colours. A more obscure type known as the "tent cap" is worn by officers of the [[Queen's Royal Hussars]] only and is unique in that it is not fitted with a badge, but identified instead by its regimental colouring. Its origins lie with one of their forebears, the 8th Kings Royal Irish Hussars, who adopted the cap in the Second World War to reflect their long association with the Danish royal family, whose [[Royal Life Guards (Denmark)|Royal Life Guards]] wear a similar design of cap with their undress uniform. This cap is in turn based on the French {{lang|fr|bonnet-de-police}} that was worn by hussars in the Napoleonic wars and after. The Torin style of cap is still worn by the [[Duke of Lancaster's Regiment]] and the [[Royal Dragoon Guards]].

<gallery mode="packed">
File:WinstonChurchill1916Army.gif|6th Battalion, [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]] officers in Glengarry side caps at [[Ploegsteert]] with Sir [[Winston Churchill]] in 1916.
File:Saltus Cadet Corps 1901.jpg|[[Saltus Grammar School]] Cadet Corps (later the [[Bermuda Cadet Corps]]) cadets wearing "Austrian caps", 1901
File:Bermuda Militia Artillery Senior Ranks 1944.jpg|[[Warrant Officer]] and NCOs of the [[Bermuda Militia Artillery]] with field service caps at [[St. David's Battery, Bermuda|St. David's Battery]], ca. 1944.
File:Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps platoon in March 1944.jpg|[[Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps]] soldiers wearing field service caps in March 1944
File:Bermuda Militia Infantry soldiers in camp.jpg|[[Bermuda Militia Infantry]] soldiers in camp, two with field service caps, circa 1940
</gallery>

===Royal Air Force===
In the [[Royal Air Force]], a blue-grey field [[forage cap]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/0F179C00_5056_A318_A8D8F975CD47447B.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-09-04 |archive-date=2016-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915140130/http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/0F179C00_5056_A318_A8D8F975CD47447B.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (sometimes called the 'chip bag hat') of an identical style remains widely worn with both working dress and flying suits.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Sir Hugh Dowding with George VI and Queen Elizabeth.jpg|King [[George VI]] and Air Chief Marshal [[Hugh Dowding]] wearing the RAF field service cap in 1940
File:Tedder1943 crop.jpg|Air Chief Marshal [[Arthur Tedder]] wearing a forage cap with [[Uniforms of the Royal Air Force#War service dress|war service dress]] in 1943
File:Sir Stephen Dalton in Afghanistan.jpg|Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton wearing a [[forage cap]] with [[Disruptive Pattern Material#Desert variants|desert DPM]] in 2010
</gallery>

==United States==
In the [[U.S. Armed Forces]] it is known as a garrison cap, ''campaign cap'' (not to be confused with ''[[campaign hat]]'', a distinct form of headgear), ''flight cap'', ''garrison hat'', ''fore-and-aft cap'', ''envelope cap'', or ''overseas cap''.

===U.S. Army===
{{Listen
|filename= All American Legacy Podcast-Ep 25-Garrison Cap.ogg
|type    = speech
|title   = History of the overseas cap in the US Army—from the perspective of the 82nd Airborne Division—(2017)
|pos     = left
}}
[[File:Omar Bradley, official military photo, 1949.JPEG|thumb|215px|[[General (United States)|General]] [[Omar Bradley]] wearing his garrison cap with the Army's "pinks and greens" uniform, circa 1949]]
When first issued to U.S. "[[doughboy]]s" in World War I, the hat was called the '''''overseas cap''''' as it was only worn by troops in France who were given the French type [[forage cap]], as they did not have their wide-brimmed campaign hats with them. The overseas cap could be stored easily when the helmet was being worn. A blue overseas cap was adopted post-war by the [[American Legion]], but the hat largely disappeared from the Army between the wars, with the exception of the [[United States Army Air Corps|Army Air Corps]] (who called it the "flight cap") where it was authorized in August 1933<ref>Rottman, Gordon ''US Army Air Force (2)'' Osprey Publishing, 18 Sep 2012</ref> and armored units. However it returned in 1939 with a finalized specification as of February 1941. The hat was widely issued from then on as "the garrison cap." With the replacement of the service cap and campaign hat, the garrison cap was given branch of service color piping, as had earlier been the case with the cord of the campaign hat (light blue for infantry, red for artillery, yellow for cavalry, etc.). This practice was discontinued when individuals had to purchase a new hat if they were transferred to a different branch of the service. Officers' piping was similarly carried over from campaign hat cords and continues: warrant officers' caps are piped in silver and black, commissioned officers' caps are piped in gold and black, and general officers' caps are piped in gold.

{{multiple image
|direction= horizontal
|align    = left
|width1   = 140
|image1   = Ray Eubanks.jpg
|caption1 = [[Ray E. Eubanks|SGT Ray Eubanks]] with the 503rd PIR wearing the Airborne (Parachute) Insignia on his garrison cap ({{circa|1944}})
|width2   = 120
|image2   = US Army Garrison Cap Airborne Unit Patch-Enlisted Version.png
|caption2 = Later version of the Airborne Insignia (enlisted variant), which combined the Airborne (Parachute) and Airborne (Glider) Insignias into one
|width3   = 140
|image3   = COL Lawrence Ferguson Promotion Ceremony-2021.png
|caption3 = Airborne Insignia reintroduction with new [[Army Service Uniform]] garrison cap (2021)
}}
Additionally, starting in World War II [[Paratrooper|military parachutists]] and [[Glider infantry|glider-born forces]] wore an Airborne Insignia on their garrison cap—enlisted wore them on the left while officers wore them on the right.<ref name="505th PIR 1942">[http://www.ww2-airborne.us/units/505/505.html The 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, Unit History] and [http://www.ww2-airborne.us/units/505/505images/505_coe_1942.jpg Group Photograph of the 505th PIR, circa 1942], ww2-airborne.us, last accessed 3 July 2018</ref><ref name="AR 670-1 2000">[https://ciehub.info/ref/AR/670-1_2000-05-22.pdf Army Regulation 670-1, Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia] Headquarters Department of the Army, dated 22 May 2000, last accessed 3 July 2018</ref> Different variants of the Airborne Insignia were worn until later in World War II when parachute and glider formations combined their unit–specific insignia into one red, white, and blue, parachute and glider Airborne Insignia.<ref name="Airborne Insignia History">[https://www.angelfire.com/md2/patches/other/airborne1.html Other Insignia not Shoulder Sleeve Insignia, Garrison Cap Insignia of Airborne Units, Second World War], Angelfire.com, by Dr. Howard G. Lanham, dated 2001, last accessed 4 July 2019</ref> The Airborne Insignia continued to be authorized for wear on the garrison cap by those assigned to airborne units until the garrison cap was replaced with the U.S. Army's [[Military beret|black beret]].<ref name="AR 670-1 2000"/><ref name="AR 670-1 2002">{{citation-attribution|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081209054214/http://www.armyg1.army.mil/hr/uniform/docs/r670_1.pdf Army Regulation 670-1, Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia] Headquarters Department of the Army, dated 1 July 2002, last accessed 3 July 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Army Beret">[http://www.armyreal.com/resources/item/1927 History of the Army Beret, CSA SENDS – THE ARMY BLACK BERET] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704012922/http://www.armyreal.com/resources/item/1927 |date=2018-07-04 }}, armyreal.com, last accessed 2 July 2017</ref>

Until May 2004, it was also part of the initial uniform issue for soldiers who received their green "Class A" [[Army Service Uniform]] before becoming [[United States military occupation code|military occupation specialty]]-qualified, and thus allowed to wear the standard black beret. That green service uniform was discontinued in October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=ALARACT 099/2011: UPDATE ALARACT MESSAGE 202/2008 ARMY SERVICE UNIFORM (ASU)|url=https://www.jber.jb.mil/|website=Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Website|publisher=United States Army|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-date=11 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211181029/http://www.jber.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-120501-101.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, the US Army introduced a new green service uniform based on the WWII-era "[[pinks and greens]]" officers' uniform, which reintroduced the garrison cap to the Army.<ref name="Pinks and Greens">[https://www.stripes.com/news/army-green-uniform-will-include-garrison-cap-three-optional-jackets-1.557305 Army Green uniform will include garrison cap, three optional jackets], Stars and Stripes, by Corey Kickstein, dated 19 November 2018, last accessed 4 July 2019</ref>

===U.S. Marine Corps===
[[File:Taylor KG.jpg|thumb|185px|[[Karl G. Taylor Sr.|SSgt Karl Taylor]], USMC, wearing the Marine Corps garrison cap]]

The overseas cap ("cover") was first issued to Marines in France in early 1918. Originally Marine officers wore red piping and Marine generals wore gold piping with all ranks wearing the [[Eagle, Globe, and Anchor]] insignia on the wearer's left side.<ref>p.13 Henry, Mark ''US Marine Corps in World War I 1917-18'' Osprey Publishing, 23 October 2012</ref> The cover was made in both forest green wool and khaki cotton.

Usage continues to be common in the U.S. Marine Corps as the most common headgear when wearing service uniforms (the other option being the bulkier frame-type "[[Peaked cap|barracks cover]]"). In addition, it is the standard headgear for Marine aviators, flight officers, and enlisted aircrew wearing flight suits. The Marine officer's garrison cap, unlike those of the Army or Air Force, does not have metallic piping; the only items distinguishing it from the enlisted cap is the placement of small officer's rank insignia on the right side of the cap and the style of the Eagle, Globe and Anchor insignia on the left.

===U.S. Navy===
[[File:GarrisonCap.jpg|thumb|left|125px|A U.S. Navy [[Petty officer second class|Petty Officer Second Class]] wearing the former winter blue uniform garrison cap]]

In the [[United States Navy]] the garrison cap ("cover") was first authorized during [[World War II]], originally for [[naval aviator|aviators]] and later for all officers and [[chief petty officer (United States)|chief petty officer]]s (CPOs). Blue and white versions, as well as a forest green version for aviation officers and CPOs were later developed, although the blue and white versions were discontinued after the war. Today, garrison caps in khaki are almost always worn with service khakis and flight suits. Officers wear a miniature version of the officer crest on the left and small rank insignia on the right side of the cap, while CPOs will wear a CPO, SCPO or MCPO fouled anchor on the left as appropriate. Like the Marine Corps, and in contrast to their Army and Air Force counterparts, the Navy caps for officers also avoid the use of metallic piping. The blue version garrison cap, essentially black, was resurrected in the mid-1990s for wear with the blue working uniforms. Enlisted personnel since 2008 have been issued a black garrison cap for wear with the new [[Uniforms of the United States Navy#Junior Enlisted|Navy Service Uniform]]. It has since been authorized for the officer and CPO [[Uniforms of the United States Navy#Officers and Chief Petty Officers|Service Dress Blue]] uniforms. The garrison cap is also worn by midshipmen and officer candidates.

===U.S. Coast Guard===
[[File:Chief Petty Officer Nick Scheck stands in front of Coast Guard Recruiting Office Atlantic City, New Jersey.jpg|thumb|upright|U.S. Coast Guard garrison cap, as worn by a chief petty officer with the winter dress blue uniform]]

The U.S. Coast Guard issues the garrison cap ("cover") to all service members. The cap is serge and is authorized with [[United States Coast Guard#Uniforms|Tropical Blue]], the Winter Dress Blue, and [[Uniforms of the United States Coast Guard#Uniforms|Service Dress Blue]] uniform. Regulations for the placement of insignia are similar those of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Unlike the Navy, enlisted members in the rates E-1 through E-3 wear a miniature version of the enlisted [[combination cap]] device. Like the Navy and Marine Corps, and in contrast to their Army and Air Force counterparts, the Coast Guard garrison caps for officers also avoid the use of metallic piping.

===U.S. Air Force===
A blue flight cap is the most common headgear worn with the U.S. Air Force's [[Uniforms of the United States Air Force#Service dress|service dress]] or "blues" uniform. The color of the piping varies: solid blue for enlisted, blue and silver metallic braid for [[company-grade officer]]s and [[field officer|field grade officers]], and solid silver metallic for [[general officer]]s. Officers wear large metal rank insignia affixed to the left front of the cap in a manner similar to that historically used by the Army with their garrison caps. No other accoutrements are worn.<ref name="AFI36-2903">{{cite web |url=http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/afi36-2903.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-09-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026083711/http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/afi36-2903.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-26 }}, Air Force Instruction 36-2903.</ref> The flight cap is also worn by members of the [[Civil Air Patrol]] in a manner appropriate to their rank. The company-grade officer version is also worn by [[United States Air Force Academy]] and [[Air Force ROTC]] cadets as well as officer trainees at [[Air Force Officer Training School|officer training school]]. Cadets in the Junior ROTC and [[Civil Air Patrol]] cadet programs wear the enlisted version of the flight cap.

==Serbia/Yugoslavia==

In Serbian, the side cap is known as {{lang|sr-Latn|[[šajkača]]}} and was introduced to Serbian soldiers in 1870. It was an integral part of the uniform of Serbian soldiers in the [[Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)|Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)]], the [[Serbo-Bulgarian War|Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885)]] and the Liberation Wars (1912–1918). It was used as the official cap of soldiers in the [[Royal Yugoslav Army|Yugoslav Army]] and [[Gendarmerie]] in the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. During the [[Invasion of Yugoslavia|German-Italian occupation of Yugoslavia]] in the [[World War II|Second World War]] it was worn by numerous armed formations. Two distinct side caps were prominent among [[Yugoslav Partisans]]: the {{lang|sr-Latn|[[Titovka (cap)|titovka]]}}, based on the Soviet {{lang|ru-Latn|pilotka}}, and the {{lang|sr-Latn|[[triglavka]]}}, based on the side caps worn by [[Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War]] and the wider [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Republican faction]]. After the war in the new [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], the {{lang|sr-Latn|titovka}} became the official cap of the [[Yugoslav People's Army]].

Since 2020 the [[Serbian Air Force and Air Defence]] has used the side cap as standard attire for its pilots.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tangosix.rs/2020/03/03/prvi-put-prikazana-nova-kapa-za-pilote-rv-i-pvo-vojske-srbije/ |title = Prvi put prikazana nova kapa za pilote RV i PVO Vojske Srbije – Tango Six| date=3 March 2020 }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Serbian artillery during Serbian–Ottoman wars.jpg|Serbian soldiers wearing {{lang|sr-Latn|šajkača}} caps in the Serbian–Turkish Wars of 1876–1878.
File:Triglavka.jpg|A {{lang|sr-Latn|Triglavka}} cap.
File:Serbian Airforce and Air defense officer.jpg|A [[Serbian Air Force and Air Defence]] officer wearing a side cap.
</gallery>

==Civil use==
Officers and Instructors of the [[Australian Air Force Cadets]] are also entitled to wear a garrison cap with service dress uniform.<ref name="AAFC Manual of Dress">{{cite book|title=Australian Air Force Cadets Manual of Dress|date=13 December 2013|publisher=[[Australian Air Force Cadets]]}}</ref>

[[Royal Canadian Air Cadets]] wear wedge caps in Air Force blue as part of their uniform.

United States [[Civil Air Patrol]] personnel wear the US Air Force flight cap with distinctive CAP hat insignia. Senior members (ages 18 and above) will wear the company grade/field grade officer or general officer style flight cap, dependent on CAP rank, but will wear a small version of the service hat device in lieu of rank insignia in order to distinguish themselves from actual Air Force officers (e.g., those in the active duty regular Air Force, the [[Air Force Reserve]] and the [[Air National Guard]]). CAP Cadet officers will wear the Air Force enlisted flight cap with cadet rank insignia instead of the CAP insignia, while cadets who are not cadet officers will wear a generic insignia. This hat is the standard cover with most of the Air Force style uniforms.<ref>CAPM 39-1, downloaded 10 September 2010 from http://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/u_082203102943.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708120149/http://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/u_082203102943.pdf |date=2011-07-08 }}</ref>

Many uniformed civilian organizations such as the [[Boy Scouts of America]] (which no longer uses them) have used garrison caps.

Waiters at many old fashioned style diners also wear garrison caps.

The [[American Legion]] and many other veterans service organizations wear distinctive garrison caps.

Some commercial air-line employees, particularly flight attendants, wear garrison caps.

Participants of U.S. military [[ROTC]] and [[JROTC]] programs are issued garrison caps for the duration of their studies.

The [[Massachusetts Maritime Academy]] and [[State University of New York Maritime College]]<ref>Maritime College, State University of New York, [http://www.sunymaritime.edu/sites/default/files/media/Documents/SUNY%20MARITIME%20UNIFORM%20REGULATIONS%20%28final%20%2009FEB15%29.docx ''Uniform Regulations for the Regiment of Cadets''], downloaded 5 September 2015.</ref> also require their cadets to wear garrison covers.

[[New York City Police Department]] trainees in the Corps of Cadets and the Police Academy also wear garrison covers.

Members of the Union Drum Corps wear garrison caps during their performances.

The [[Boys' Brigade]] have garrison caps as part of their uniform.

The [[Scouts Association of Malaysia]] have forage caps for ceremonial turnout.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Mange Ram2.jpg|A constable of the [[Uttar Pradesh Police]] in India in forage cap
File:Ramos Pentagon.jpg|Philippine President [[Fidel V. Ramos]] wearing a side cap during his visit to the Pentagon in 1998
File:Sabah Malaysia Hari-Merdeka-2013-Parade-033.jpg|A Malaysian Girl Scout wearing a forage cap at the parade during the celebrations of [[Hari Merdeka]] 2013.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of hat styles]]
* [[Boonie hat]]
* [[Forage cap]]
* [[Gandhi cap]]—A similar cap worn in South Asia
* [[Kepi]]
* [[Patrol cap]]
* [[Peaked cap]]
* [[Pileus (hat)]]
* [[Utility cover]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Side caps}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080624213643/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/lf/Downloads/cfp265.pdf Canadian Forces Dress Instructions]
* [http://www.oryansroughnecks.org/uniforms.html O'Ryan's Roughnecks – Uniforms]

{{Hats}}
{{US Army uniforms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Side Cap}}
[[Category:Caps]]
[[Category:Military uniforms]]
[[Category:Military hats]]