View source for Shuanghu County

{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| name                            = Shuanghu County
| official_name                   = 
| other_name                      = Tsonyi, Co Nyi
| native_name                     = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|双湖县}} • {{Bo-textonly|མཚོ་གཉིས་རྫོང་།}}}}}}
| nickname                        = 
| settlement_type                 = [[County (People's Republic of China)|County]]
| total_type                      = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto                           = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline                   = 
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = 
| image_map                       = Administrative Division Nagqu.png 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     =  Location of Shuanghu County (light yellow, #FFFF31) in Nagqu 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|33|11|32|N|88|50|10|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-54_source:kolossus-dewiki|format=dms|display=it}}
| pushpin_map                     = Tibet#China
| pushpin_label                   = Shuanghu
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location of the seat in the Tibet Autonomous Region
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[China]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Nagqu]]
|seat_type      = County seat
|seat      = [[Domar (Shuanghu)|Domar Township]]
<!-- Politics ----------------->
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| established_title               = 
| established_date                = 
| area_total_km2                  = 116,440.91
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-07/26/content_2456253.htm|script-title=zh:世界海拔最高的县－－西藏双湖县正式挂牌|language=zh-hans|date=26 July 2013|access-date=26 May 2020|quote={{lang|zh-hans|双湖位于西藏那曲地区西北部，地处羌塘国家级自然保护区腹地，平均海拔５０００米。“双湖”是藏语“错尼”（意思为两湖），因地处康如湖和惹角湖而得名。}}}}</ref>
| elevation_m                     = 4960
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_footnotes            = <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.xznqnews.com/zhengwu/dzzwgk/202107/t20210713_3763844.html  |title =那曲市第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报  |publisher = Statistics Bureau of Nagqu  |language = zh   |date = 2021-07-09 }}</ref> 
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 10881
| population_density_km2          = auto
<!-- General information  --------------->| timezone                        = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset                      = +8
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type                = 
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code                       = 
| website                         = {{URL|http://www.xzsh.gov.cn/}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|s=双湖县
|t=雙湖縣
|p=Shuānghú Xiàn
|tib={{bo-textonly|མཚོ་གཉིས་རྫོང་།}}
|wylie=mtsho gnyis rdzong
|zwpy=Conyi Zong
|order=st
}}
'''Shuanghu County''' ({{lang-zh|s=双湖县}}), also [[Tibetan pinyin|transliterated from Tibetan]] as '''Tsonyi County'''<ref>{{cite news |title=China relocates residents in world's highest county for better life |url=https://english.www.gov.cn/news/photos/202207/20/content_WS62d7662bc6d02e533532e3d8.html |work=Xinhua |via=State Council of the People's Republic of China |date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=China relocates residents in world's highest county for better life |url=https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202207/19/WS62d63e53a310fd2b29e6d2ba.html |work=Xinhua |via=China Daily |date=19 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=China to relocate Tibet’s Tsonyi County nomads |url=https://www.tibetanreview.net/china-to-relocate-tibets-tsonyi-county-nomads/ |access-date=17 March 2024 |work=Tibetan Review |date=23 January 2019}}</ref> or '''Co Nyi County'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chinatibet.people.com.cn/8375588.html|title=Book on Tibet's no-man area released|date=23 August 2013|access-date=27 May 2020|website=[[China Tibet Online]]|author=Mirenda Wu|quote=China's first on-the-spot book on the sparely populated Changtang area in northern Tibet was recently released in the high elevation county Co Nyi of Nagqu Prefecture, the Tibet's Daily reported.{{nbsp}}... The story begins in 1976, 2053 herdsmen from Nagqu Prefecture drove some 160,000 flocks and herds into the then wildness and then set up two county level offices in Co Nyi County and Wombu County. Later, the Wombo County was renamed "Nyima"-the first county in the world in the name of the sun (Nyima means the sun in Tibetan language), and the Co Nyi County was upgraded as Co Nyi Special Zone by the state council.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.tibetol.cn/html/Photos/ES/2017/0714/511.html|title=Photovoltaic power station built in Co Nyi County|date=14 July 2017|access-date=27 May 2020|website=TibetOL}}</ref> ({{bo|t=མཚོ་གཉིས་རྫོང་།}}), is a [[Counties of the People's Republic of China|county]] under the jurisdiction of the [[prefecture-level city]] of [[Nagqu]], in the northernmost part of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], [[China]]. It was formed in 2012, combining the territory of the former '''Shuanghu Special District''' ({{lang-zh|links=no|s=双湖特别区}}, {{bo|t=མཚོ་གཉིས་དམིགས་བསལ་སྲིད་འཛིན་ཁུལ་}}) with the eastern half of [[Nyima County]]. Much of the county is within the [[Changtang]] area. Shuanghu is the highest county of China with an average elevation of more than {{convert|5000|m}}, while its county seat is located at {{convert|4920|m}}.<ref name="ourchinastory">{{cite web |title=中国最高的西藏双湖县 为何要搬迁到千里之外？ |url=https://www.ourchinastory.com/cn/11799/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%9A%84%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8F%8C%E6%B9%96%E5%8E%BF-%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%95%E8%A6%81%E6%90%AC%E8%BF%81%E5%88%B0%E5%8D%83%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%96%EF%BC%9F |publisher=当代中国 |date=29 May 2024}}</ref>

Both Tibetan and Chinese name translates to "twin lake" or "two lakes", the two lakes referred to as Khangro Lake (''khang ro tshwa kha'') and Rêjo Lake (''re co tshwa kha'') respectively. Shuanghu is very sparsely populated (averaging around 0.12 people per square kilometre, but concentrated in the southern portion of the county). 
The vast majority of its population practices [[nomadic pastoralism]]<!--zh-wiki reports  10,377 out of 11,482 (90%) for 2008, but this may refer to the smaller, pre-2012 special disctrict--> (mostly goats and sheep).<ref>Daniel J. Miller,  [https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/viewFile/11408/10681 Nomads of the Tibetan Plateau Rangelands in Western China Part Two: Pastoral Production Practices], ''Rangelands'' 21(1) (1999) p. 18.</ref>
The climate is very rough, cold and dry. There is a weather station in Shuanghu, established in 1999,<ref>[https://www.accuweather.com/en/cn/shuanghu-county/95450/october-weather/95450 accuweather.com]</ref> which on average measures negative temperatures (Celsius scale) throughout the year. The highest temperature on record is +2.3&nbsp;°C (July 2000), the lowest −62.4&nbsp;°C (January 2006). 

==History==

In the 1970s, population growth in [[Xainza County|Xainza]] and [[Baingoin County|Baingoin]] counties led to overgrazing and frequent conflicts. Xainza County launched surveys into the uninhabited [[Changtang]] region in the north of the county from 1971 to 1975, and identified several areas suitable for grazing. In 1976, 2,053 Xainza nomads reached Shuanghu after a month-long trek, together with their 160,000 cattle, goats and sheep. Shuanghu County was established in 2012.<ref name="tibet.cn">{{cite news |author1=唐召明 |title=【藏北故事】留在心中的歌：一份开发双湖无人区的珍贵报告 |url=http://m.tibet.cn/cn/zt2019/zbgs/wz/202211/t20221126_7314941.html |publisher=中国西藏网 |date=26 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=两次迁徙“搬穷”记——海拔最高县双湖的“战贫故事” |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2020-09/26/c_1126543902.htm |agency=Xinhua |date=26 September 2020}}</ref>

In 2019, the Tibet Autonomous Region relocated inhabitants from 3 townships in northern Shuanghu to [[Gonggar County]] in an effort to address the extreme living conditions and altitude-related diseases in Shuanghu. In 2022, the relocation was extended to 4 more townships in the southern part of the county.<ref>{{cite news |title=通往幸福的迁徙——全国海拔最高县西藏双湖县生态搬迁记 |url=http://www.news.cn/politics/2022-07/22/c_1128855900.htm |agency=Xinhua |date=22 July 2022}}</ref>

==Administrative divisions==
{{Redirect|Garco|GARCO|General Asbestos and Rubber Company Main Mill}}
The county has one [[Towns of the People's Republic of China|town]] and six [[Townships of the People's Republic of China|townships]]:

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
! Name
! [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]]
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]]
! [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]
! [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]
|----------
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Town'''
|----------
| [[Cozhêlhoma|Cozhêlhoma Town]]<br>(Codrel Lhoma, Soggarluma)
|{{lang|zh-hans|措折罗玛镇}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Cuòzhéluómǎ zhèn}}
|{{bo-textonly|ཚོ་འབྲེལ་ལྷོ་མ་གྲོང་རྡལ།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|tsho 'bral lho ma grong rdal}}
|----------
| colspan="5"  style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Townships'''
|----------
| [[Zhide Township]]<br>(Xibdê)
|{{lang|zh-hans|协德乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Xiédé xiāng}} 
|{{bo-textonly|ཞི་བདེ་ཤང་།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|zhi bde shang}}
|-
| [[Yachu Township]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|雅曲乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Yǎqǔ xiāng}} 
|{{bo-textonly|ཡ་ཆུ་ཤང་།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|ya chu shang}}
|-
| [[Garco|Garco Township]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|嘎措乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Gācuò xiāng}} 
|{{bo-textonly|དཀར་མཚོ་ཤང་།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|dkar mtsho shang}}
|-
| [[Tsodrel Jangma Township]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|措折强玛乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Cuòzhéqiángmǎ xiāng}} 
|{{bo-textonly|ཚོ་སྦྲེལ་བྱང་མ་ཤང་།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|mtsho sbrel byang ma shang}}
|-
| [[Cuozheqiangma|Cozhêdangma Township]]<br>(Tsodrel Jangma)
|{{lang|zh-hans|措折强玛乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Cuòzhéqiángmǎ xiāng}} 
|{{bo-textonly|ཚོ་སྦྲེལ་བྱང་མ་ཤང་།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|mtsho sbrel byang ma shang}}
|-
| [[Domar (Shuanghu)|Domar Township]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|多玛乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Duōmǎ xiāng}} 
|{{bo-textonly|རྡོ་དམར་ཤང་།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|rdo dmar shang}}
|-
| [[Parding|Parling Township]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|巴岭乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Bālǐng xiāng}} 
|{{bo-textonly|བར་གླིང་ཤང་།}}
|{{Transliteration|bo|bar gling shang}}
|-
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Shuanghu County.png|Location of Shuanghu Special District (outdated map, situation before 2012)
Txu-oclc-6654394-ni-45-4th-ed.jpg|Map including northern Shuanghu and surrounding region ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1975)
NI-45-3 Red cliff lake China.jpg|
NI-45-4.jpg|
NI-45-7.jpg|
NI-45-8.jpg|
NI-45-11.jpg|
NI-45-12.jpg|
NI-45-15 Chaching Tso China.jpg|
NI-45-16.jpg|
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Changtang]]
*[[Kunlun Mountains]]
*[[Dagze Lake]]
*[[Lake Urru]]
*[[Purog Kangri Glacier]]
*[[Puruogangri]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.china.org.cn/china/2013-07/26/content_29544890.htm World's highest county established in Tibet], China.org.cn, July 26, 2013.

{{County-level divisions of Tibet}}
{{Nagqu Prefecture}}

[[Category:Counties of Tibet]]
[[Category:Nagqu]]