View source for Shoyna

{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                  = Shoyna
| ru_name                  = Шо́йна
| loc_name1                =Сояна’я
| loc_lang1                =Nenets
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| coordinates              = {{Coord|67|52|40|N|44|09|17|E|display=title}}
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject          = [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
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| pop_2010census           = 300
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| established_date         = 1933
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<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes             = 166739
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| dialing_codes            = 81857
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}}

'''Shoyna''' ({{langx|ru|Шо&#769;йна}}; [[Nenets languages|Nenets]]: Сояна’я, ''Sojanaꜧja'') (also spelled '''Shoina''') is a coastal [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|village]] (''[[village#Russia|selo]]''), located on the [[Kanin Peninsula]] in northern [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]], [[Russia]]. It had a population of 300 as of 2010.

It was founded in the 1930s by fishing families who named the settlement after the Shoyna ("cemetery" in Komi language) River. An abundance of fish and sea life led to prosperity within the collective farm organized there, and by the 1950s some 1,500 People lived in Shoyna with a fishing fleet numbering more than seventy vessels.

Ultimately, reckless trawling led to the utter annihilation of the [[benthic zone|benthic]] life, which decimated the fishery. More than half of the village is now buried under sand dunes deposited by the wind. It is thought that damage to [[permafrost]] and destruction of the sea bottom released the sand, which has overwhelmed residents' abilities to control the drifts.<ref>[http://www.golubtsov.com/index.htm Golubtsov.com]</ref> The collective farm no longer operates; today, just three hundred inhabitants live at Shoyna, supported mainly by unemployment benefits and pensions.

There is a lighthouse at Shoyna, built in 1960 as a navigational aid to mariners on the [[White Sea]].<ref>[http://www.lighthousedepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=6020 Lighthousedepot.com]{{dead link|date=November 2018}}</ref>  Several shipwrecks line the shore as a testament to the treacherous waters. No roads or railroads connect the area with the south. Transportation to the outside world is by ship or air.<ref>[http://www.npolar.no/ansipra/english/Regional%20pages/Nenets_2.html Regional description]</ref> The civilian airport is a dirt runway 650 metres in length.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.russianairfields.com/airfield/Shoyna.htm |title=Russian airfields |access-date=2007-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111183525/http://www.russianairfields.com/airfield/Shoyna.htm |archive-date=2007-11-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Local travel is by "truckcycles" (motorcycles with truck wheels).<ref>[http://www.focuspictures.ru/catalog/photo/show/en.3690.100.htm Photo]{{dead link|date=November 2018}}</ref>

In 1994, documentary filmmakers came to Shoyna and shot footage of the community. The resulting film, ''Zanesyonnyye Vetrom'' (''Blown in with the Wind''), was released in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idfa.nl/idfa_en_filmarchive_film.asp?filmid=1291 |title=IDFA film |access-date=2007-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020032157/http://www.idfa.nl/idfa_en_filmarchive_film.asp?filmid=1291 |archive-date=2007-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The village is also the subject of the documentary Between Sky and Sand (2017).<ref>{{Citation|last=Настоящее Время|title=Шойна: рыбацкое село, умирающее под песком {{!}} От автора НЕИЗВЕСТНОЙ РОССИИ|date=2017-12-10|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf20tsdjjJI|accessdate=2017-12-13}}</ref>

Shoyna lies immediately south of the 167 square kilometer [[Shoyninsky State Nature Reserve]], established in 1997 to protect the spring and autumn staging area for the [[lesser white-fronted goose]] (''Anser erythropus''), an Arctic species threatened with extinction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ngo.grida.no/wwfap/pdf/ab0197.pdf |title=''WWF Arctic Bulletin'' No. 1, 1997 |access-date=2007-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507091942/http://www.ngo.grida.no/wwfap/pdf/ab0197.pdf |archive-date=2006-05-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2002, Dutch researchers discovered that the nearby Shoyna marsh is an important stopover site for [[brent goose|brent]] and [[barnacle goose|barnacle]] geese, with counts approaching almost ten percent of the total Russian flyway population.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ifv.terramare.de/ESF/Graaf.pdf |title=Sandra van der Graaf, ''Geese migration at the Shoyna River, Kanin Peninsula'', Report on the Shoyna expedition 2002 |access-date=2007-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070729002933/http://www.ifv.terramare.de/ESF/Graaf.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Climate==
Shoyna has a [[subarctic climate]] (''Dfc'') with short, moderately warm summers and long, cold winters.

{{Weather box
|location=Shoyna (Climate ID:22271)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C = 9.3
|Feb record high C = 3.2
|Mar record high C = 3.4
|Apr record high C = 9.5
|May record high C = 21.7
|Jun record high C = 30.0
|Jul record high C = 32.1
|Aug record high C = 28.1
|Sep record high C = 21.0
|Oct record high C = 12.1
|Nov record high C = 7.2
|Dec record high C = 3.7
|Jan high C = -8.0
|Feb high C = -8.8
|Mar high C = -5.5
|Apr high C = -2.0
|May high C = 4.6
|Jun high C = 11.4
|Jul high C = 16.6
|Aug high C = 14.2
|Sep high C = 10.1
|Oct high C = 3.3
|Nov high C = -1.5
|Dec high C = -4.8
|Jan mean C = -12.0
|Feb mean C = -12.6
|Mar mean C = -9.3
|Apr mean C = -5.4
|May mean C = 1.5
|Jun mean C = 7.5
|Jul mean C = 12.3
|Aug mean C = 11.0
|Sep mean C = 7.8
|Oct mean C = 1.3
|Nov mean C = -4.1
|Dec mean C = -8.2
|Jan low C = -16.5
|Feb low C = -16.9
|Mar low C = -13.5
|Apr low C = -9.2
|May low C = -1.0
|Jun low C = 4.4
|Jul low C = 8.8
|Aug low C = 8.2
|Sep low C = 5.4
|Oct low C = -0.9
|Nov low C = -7.3
|Dec low C = -12.2
|Jan record low C = -39.3
|Feb record low C = -40.2
|Mar record low C = -34.3
|Apr record low C = -28.6
|May record low C = -19.9
|Jun record low C = -4.6
|Jul record low C = -1.1
|Aug record low C = -1.2
|Sep record low C = -5.6
|Oct record low C = -19.2
|Nov record low C = -32.4
|Dec record low C = -35.5
|Jan precipitation mm = 28.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 21.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 22.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 21.6
|May precipitation mm = 25.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 33.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 39.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 45.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 50.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 50.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 32.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 30.1
|Jan precipitation days = 19.9
|Feb precipitation days = 17.3
|Mar precipitation days = 17.0
|Apr precipitation days = 14.3
|May precipitation days = 13.0
|Jun precipitation days = 12.3
|Jul precipitation days = 11.4
|Aug precipitation days = 14.5
|Sep precipitation days = 16.8
|Oct precipitation days = 20.6
|Nov precipitation days = 19.6
|Dec precipitation days = 21.3

|source 1 = climatebase.ru<ref name="climatebase">{{cite web|title=Shoyna, Russia|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/22271?lang=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|accessdate=1 November 2019}}</ref>
|date=November 2019
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.golubtsov.com Photos by Alexey Golubtsov]
*[http://www.maximishin.com/gallery.php?cat_id=93&screen=0&action=images&lng= 2005 photographs by Sergey Maximishin ]
*[https://archive.today/20070513122113/http://www.focuspictures.ru/catalog/reportage/show/en.3616.100.htm More photographs]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/11/world/europe/russia-white-sea-shoyna.html?action=click&module=Well&pgtype=Homepage&section=World New York Times article]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rural localities in Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]