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{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Basic info ----------------->| name                            = Shihezi
| official_name                   = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name                     = 石河子
| other_name                      = 
| nickname                        = 
| settlement_type                 = [[County-level city|County-level]] & [[Sub-prefecture-level city|Sub-prefectural city]]
| total_type                      = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto                           = <!-- images and maps ------------>
| image_skyline                   = Shihezi city 01.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = Shihezi
| image_flag                      = 
| flag_size                       = 
| image_seal                      = 
| seal_size                       = 
| image_shield                    = 
| shield_size                     = 
| image_blank_emblem              = 
| blank_emblem_type               = 
| blank_emblem_size               = 
| image_map                       = File:China Xinjiang Shihezi.svg
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = Location in Xinjiang
| image_map1                      = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=280|frame-height=280|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=7}}
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = 
| image_dot_map                   = 
| dot_mapsize                     = 
| dot_map_caption                 = 
| dot_x                           = 
| dot_y                           = 
| pushpin_map                     = China Xinjiang Northern#Xinjiang#China
| pushpin_label_position          = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Xinjiang
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|44.3054|N|86.0804|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
<!-- Location ------------------>
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = China
| subdivision_type1               = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Xinjiang]]
| subdivision_type2               = 
| subdivision_name2               = <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->
| seat_type                       = Municipal seat
| seat                            = [[Hongshan Subdistrict, Shihezi|Hongshan Subdistrict]]
| parts_type                      = Districts and Counties
| parts_style                     = coll
| parts                           = <!-- parts text or header for parts list -->
| p1                              = 
| p2                              = 
| p3                              = 
| p4                              = 
| p5                              = 
| p6                              = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title       = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]
| leader_name        = E Hongda {{small|([[Political Commissar]] of the [[8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps|8th Division]])}}
| leader_title1      = Mayor
| leader_name1       = Ge Zhihui {{small|(Commander of the 8th Division)}}
| established_title               = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date                = <!-- Area ------------------------>
| area_magnitude                  = 
| unit_pref                       = <!-- Enter: Imperial, to display imperial  before metric -->
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 460
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_total_sq_mi                = 
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = <!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes             = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m                     = 
| elevation_ft                    = 
| elevation_max_m                 = 
| elevation_max_ft                = 
| elevation_min_m                 = 
| elevation_min_ft                = <!-- Population ------------------------->
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_footnotes            = <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties]</ref> 
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 498,587
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_urban                = <!-- General information ---------------->
| timezone                        = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]{{efn|Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe [[UTC+6]] ([[Xinjiang Time]]), 2 hours behind Beijing.}}
| utc_offset                      = +8
| postal_code_type                = [[List of postal codes in China|Postal code]]
| postal_code                     = 832000
| area_code                       = 0993
| website                         = {{URL|http://www.shz.gov.cn/}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}
 
{{Infobox Chinese
|c=石河子
|p=Shíhézǐ
|l=Stony river banks
|uig=شىخەنزە
|uly=Shixenze
|uyy=Xihənzə
|sgs=Xihanza
|usy=Шихәнзә
|order=st
}}
'''Shihezi''' is a [[sub-prefecture-level city]] in Northern [[Xinjiang]], China. It has a population of 380,130 according to the 2010 census. The city is also home to [[Shihezi University]], the second-largest comprehensive university under the [[Project 211]] in Xinjiang.

Shihezi is the headquarter of the [[8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]] and currently administered by the 8th Division. The city implemented the "division and city integration" ([[:zh:师市合一|师市合一]], ''shī shì héyī'') management system, it shares the same leader group with the 8th Division.

==History==
In 1951, General [[Wang Zhen (general)|Wang Zhen]] decided to build a new base for the [[People's Liberation Army]] and selected the location of current Shihezi. Zhao Xiguang (赵锡光) took charge in the development of the city, and established the [[Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]] in 1954.

Quasimilitary-structured farms surrounding Shihezi fueled the development of the city by producing materials for the factories that have been the economic drivers of the city. In 1974, Shihezi became a city.

==Administrative divisions==
Shihezi contains 5 [[Subdistricts of China|subdistricts]], 2 [[Towns of China|towns]], and a township-equivalent region:

{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1"
|-
! Name
! Simplified Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] ([[Uyghur Arabic script|UEY]])
! Uyghur Latin ([[Uyghur Latin alphabet|ULY]])
! [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]]
|-
| colspan="7"  style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Subdistricts'''
|----------
| [[Xincheng Subdistrict, Shihezi|Xincheng Subdistrict]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|新城街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Xīnchéng Jiēdào}}
| {{script/Arabic|يېڭىشەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Yëngisheher kocha bashqarmisi}}
| 659001001
|-
| [[Xiangyang Subdistrict, Shihezi|Xiangyang Subdistrict]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|向阳街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Xiàngyáng Jiēdào}}
| {{script/Arabic|شياڭياڭ كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Shyangyang kocha bashqarmisi}}
| 659001002
|-
| [[Hongshan Subdistrict, Shihezi|Hongshan Subdistrict]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|红山街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Hóngshān Jiēdào}}
| {{script/Arabic|خۇڭشەن كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Xungshen kocha bashqarmisi}}
| 659001003
|-
| [[Laojie Subdistrict, Shihezi|Laojie Subdistrict]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|老街街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Lǎojiē Jiēdào}}
| {{script/Arabic|كونا بازار كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Kona Bazar kocha bashqarmisi}}
| 659001004
|-
| [[Dongcheng Subdistrict, Shihezi|Dongcheng Subdistrict]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|东城街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Dōngchéng Jiēdào}}
| {{script/Arabic|دۇڭچېڭ كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Dungchëng kocha bashqarmisi}}
| 659001005
|----------
| colspan="7"  style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Towns'''
|----------
| Beiquan Town<br>([[Shihezi Headquarters Farm|Shihezi Headquarters Farm of the 8th Division]])<nowiki>*</nowiki>
| {{lang|zh-hans|北泉镇}}<br>({{lang|zh-hans|第八师石河子总场}})
| {{Transliteration|zh|Běiquán Zhèn}}
| {{script/Arabic|بېيچۇەن بازىرى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Bëychuen baziri}}
| 659001100
|-
| [[Shihezi Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|石河子镇}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Shíhézǐ Zhèn}}
| {{script/Arabic|شىخەنزە بازىرى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Shixenze baziri}}
| 659001101
|----------
| colspan="7"  style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''township-equivalent region'''
|----------
| [[152nd Regiment (XPCC)|152nd Regiment Farm]]<nowiki>**</nowiki>
| {{lang|zh-hans|一五二团}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|152 Tuán}}
| {{script/Arabic|152-تۇەن}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|152-tuen}}
| 659001500
|----------
| colspan="7" | <div style="position: relative" class=center><nowiki>*</nowiki> [[One institution with two names]].<br><nowiki>**</nowiki> Administered by the [[152nd Regiment (XPCC)|152nd Regiment]] of [[Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]]. See also [[Tuntian#People's Republic of China]].
</div>
|}

==Demographics==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Population by ethnicity – 2010 census<ref name="2010 census">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OkAVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA65|pages=65–66 |title=Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea |editor1= Susan M. Walcott |editor2=Corey Johnson|date=August 2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135078751|author=Stanley W. Toops}}</ref>
|-
! [[List of ethnic groups in China|Ethnicity]]
! Population
! style="width:4em;"|%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Han Chinese|Han]]
| 349,149
| 91.85%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Hui people|Hui]]
| 15,092
| 3.97%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]]
| 7,574
| 1.99%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Kazakhs]]
| 3,042
| 0.80%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Tujia people|Tujia]]
| 1,500
| 0.39%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Mongols in China|Mongol]]
| 624
| 0.16%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Manchu people|Manchu]]
| 620
| 0.16%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
| 319
| 0.08%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Dongxiangs|Dongxiang]]
| 306
| 0.08%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Sibe people|Xibe]]
| 157
| 0.04%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | [[Russians|Russian]]
| 138
| 0.04%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | Others
| 1,609
| 0.43%
|-
|style="text-align:left;" | Total
|380,130
|100%
|}

==Economy==

Nowadays textile and food industries are the most important in Shihezi. The railway to [[Wusu]] and [[Ürümqi]] skirts the city, while a United Nations economic development project provided a high-quality highway system for the city. The textile industry is the primary employer, although the international trade environment on textiles has brought in fluctuations in employment. As a hub to surrounding farms, the city's destiny is currently tied with theirs. [[Sugar beet]]s are cultivated near Shihezi. Cultivation of [[cotton]] in the farms was accelerated in the 1990s and now dominates the economy.<ref>Shihezi a 'Shining Pearl in the Gobi Desert' ([[China.org.cn]] by staff reporter Wang Qian, October 3, 2004)</ref>

Shihezi is also home to a [[polysilicon]] factory of [[Daqo New Energy]] Corp., one of the largest polysilicon producers in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Polysilicon Manufacturers: Global Top 10 {{!}} Bernreuter Research|url=https://www.bernreuter.com/polysilicon/manufacturers/|access-date=2 December 2021|website=Bernreuter Research}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==

Shihezi is located at the northern foothills of the middle part of the [[Tian Shan]] range approximately {{convert|136|km}} from the regional capital of [[Ürümqi]].

Although Shihezi is almost surrounded on the east, west and north by the [[Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture]] (which also includes the city's eastern neighbor, the much older historically Hui town of [[Manas County|Manas]]), it is not a part of it.

Located in an area further from the nearest seacoast than any other region on earth, Shihezi has a [[continentality|continental]] [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''[[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|BSk]]''), with a large temperature differences between summer and winter. Monthly average temperatures range from {{convert|-15.3|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|25.3|°C|1}}, and the annual mean temperature is {{convert|7.39|°C|1}}. Precipitation is very low year-round, with an annual total of only {{convert|206|mm|2|sp=us}}, compared to the annual evaporation rate, which is usually more than {{convert|1000|mm|0|sp=us}}.<ref name = Clim/>

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Shihezi, elevation {{convert|443|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
|Jan record high C = 7.6
|Feb record high C = 6.6
|Mar record high C = 22.7
|Apr record high C = 35.4
|May record high C = 37.4
|Jun record high C = 39.2
|Jul record high C = 42.2
|Aug record high C = 41.0
|Sep record high C = 39.4
|Oct record high C = 33.3
|Nov record high C = 17.5
|Dec record high C = 8.3
|Jan record low C = -34.4
|Feb record low C = -36.5
|Mar record low C = -30.5
|Apr record low C = -19.4
|May record low C = -0.2
|Jun record low C = 6.6
|Jul record low C = 9.6
|Aug record low C = 3.5
|Sep record low C = -0.5
|Oct record low C = -8.9
|Nov record low C = -28.9
|Dec record low C = -36.0
|Jan high C = 	-11.0
|Feb high C = 	-5.8
|Mar high C = 	6.5
|Apr high C = 	20.7
|May high C = 	27.0
|Jun high C = 	31.7
|Jul high C = 	33.0
|Aug high C = 	31.7
|Sep high C = 	25.9
|Oct high C = 	16.5
|Nov high C = 	4.0
|Dec high C = 	-7.3
|Jan mean C = 	-15.6
|Feb mean C = 	-10.6
|Mar mean C = 	1.5
|Apr mean C = 	13.5
|May mean C = 	19.7
|Jun mean C = 	24.5
|Jul mean C = 	25.7
|Aug mean C = 	23.7
|Sep mean C = 	17.7
|Oct mean C = 	9.1
|Nov mean C = 	-0.5
|Dec mean C = 	-11.3
|Jan low C = 	-20.2
|Feb low C = 	-15.3
|Mar low C = 	-3.3
|Apr low C = 	6.7
|May low C = 	12.5
|Jun low C = 	17.3
|Jul low C = 	18.5
|Aug low C = 	16.3
|Sep low C = 	10.1
|Oct low C = 	2.9
|Nov low C = 	-4.3
|Dec low C = 	-15.0
|precipitation colour = green	
|Jan precipitation mm = 	10.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 	11.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 	12.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 	29.0
|May precipitation mm = 	31.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 	22.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 	22.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 	21.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 	13.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 	18.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 	19.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 	14.2
|Jan humidity = 	82
|Feb humidity = 	81
|Mar humidity = 	71
|Apr humidity = 	49
|May humidity = 	44
|Jun humidity = 	46
|Jul humidity = 	51
|Aug humidity = 	53
|Sep humidity = 	54
|Oct humidity = 	63
|Nov humidity = 	77
|Dec humidity = 	84
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	9.4
|Feb precipitation days = 	7.6
|Mar precipitation days = 	4.8
|Apr precipitation days = 	6.2
|May precipitation days = 	7.4
|Jun precipitation days = 	7.3
|Jul precipitation days = 	7.5
|Aug precipitation days = 	6.4
|Sep precipitation days = 	4.4
|Oct precipitation days = 	4.9
|Nov precipitation days = 	6.8
|Dec precipitation days = 	9.7
|year precipitation days = 	
|Jan sun = 	93.4
|Feb sun = 	125.4
|Mar sun = 	211.0
|Apr sun = 	270.4
|May sun = 	320.0
|Jun sun = 	318.1
|Jul sun = 	328.6
|Aug sun = 	317.6
|Sep sun = 	281.8
|Oct sun = 	237.6
|Nov sun = 	131.2
|Dec sun = 	79.2
|year sun = 	
| Jan percentsun = 	32
| Feb percentsun = 	42
| Mar percentsun = 	56
| Apr percentsun = 	66
| May percentsun = 	69
| Jun percentsun = 	69
| Jul percentsun = 	71
| Aug percentsun = 	75
| Sep percentsun = 	77
| Oct percentsun = 	71
| Nov percentsun = 	46
| Dec percentsun = 	29
| year percentsun =	
|Jan snow days = 	14.3
|Feb snow days = 	10.7
|Mar snow days = 	4.2
|Apr snow days = 	1.1
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0.7
|Nov snow days = 	6.2
|Dec snow days = 	13.4
|year snow days = 	
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>
|source 2 = Weather China<ref name = Clim>{{cite web
| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101130301.shtml?
| script-title=zh:石河子城市介绍
| publisher = Weather China
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 2011-11-29}}</ref>
|date=March 2012}}

The [[Manasi River|Manas River]] forms the administrative border between Shihezi City and its eastern neighbor, [[Manas County]]. An extensive system of reservoirs (such as the Jiahezi Reservoir ({{lang-zh|s=夹河子水库|p=Jiāhézi shuǐkù|labels=no}}, with the dam at {{coord|44|27|00|N|86|7|15|E|region:CN-65_type:landmark}}) and irrigation canals has been constructed in the area, supporting irrigated agriculture.

==Education==

[[Shihezi University]] is located in Shihezi. It is the second-largest university in Xinjiang, with approximately 40,000 students.

==Transport==
Shihezi is served by [[China National Highway 312]], the [[Northern Xinjiang Railway|Northern Xinjiang]] and the [[Second Ürümqi-Jinghe Railway|Second Ürümqi-Jinghe]] Railways. Reconstruction of the [[Shihezi Huayuan Airport]] began in May 2012 and it reopened on 26 December 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.163.com/15/1228/13/BBU4QR3100014AED.html |title=石河子花园机场正式通航|publisher=163.com|date=26 December 2015 |access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|China}}
*[http://www.setd.gov.cn/ Shihezi economic development zone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622105529/http://www.setd.gov.cn/ |date=2012-06-22 }} {{in lang|zh-hans}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051223172046/http://www.xjshz.gov.cn/ Shihezi party politics public information network] {{in lang|zh-hans}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070314195922/http://www.9654.com/m/shihezi.htm Map of the City of Shihezi] {{in lang|zh}}
*[http://www.china.org.cn/english/2004/Oct/108620.htm Shihezi a 'Shining Pearl in the Gobi Desert' ]
*[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540410/Shihezi Shihezi (China) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia]

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}}

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[[Category:Shihezi| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Xinjiang]]
[[Category:National forest cities in China]]
[[Category:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]]
[[Category:Socialist planned cities]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Xinjiang]]
[[Category:National Sanitary City]]