View source for Shibuya Route

{{short description|Highway in Tokyo}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{infobox road|country=JPN
| name = Shuto Expressway Shibuya Route<br />首都高速3号渋谷線
| marker_image = [[File:Shuto_Urban_Expwy_Sign_0003.svg|80px]]
| map ={{Highway system OSM map
  | highway_system_qid = Q1369525
  | frame-lat          = 
  | frame-long         = 
  | frame-width        = 300
  | frame-height       = 300
  | zoom               = 9
  | length             = 
  | plain              = yes
  }}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes=The Shibuya Route highlighted in red
|maint= [[Shuto Expressway|Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited]]
| length_mi =
| length_km = 11.9
| length_round =
| length_ref =
| established = 1964
| allocation =
| direction_a = East
| terminus_a = {{ill|Tanimachi Junction|ja|谷町ジャンクション}} in [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]<br />[[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign C1.svg|24px|link=|alt=C1]] [[Inner Circular Route]]
| junction =*[[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign C2.svg|24px|link=|alt=C2]] [[Central Circular Route]]
| direction_b = West
| terminus_b = {{ill|Yōga entrance/exit|ja|用賀出入口}} in [[Setagaya]]<br />{{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E1|dab1=T}}
|ahn={{Jct|country=JPN|AH|1}}
}}

The {{Nihongo|'''Shibuya Route'''|渋谷線|Shibuya-sen}}, signed as '''Route 3''' of the [[Shuto Expressway]] system and [[AH1]] as a part of that route of the [[Asian Highway Network]], is one of the radial routes of the tolled Shuto Expressway system in the [[Tokyo]] area. The {{convert|11.7|km|mi|sp=us|adj=mid|-long}} elevated expressway was planned as a part of Tokyo's [[Post-occupation Japan|post-war]] redevelopment before the [[1964 Summer Olympics]]. As a radial route, it travels southwest from its eastern terminus at the [[Inner Circular Route]], Tokyo's innermost [[ring road]] in [[Meguro, Tokyo|Meguro]], to the eastern terminus of the [[Tōmei Expressway]] in [[Setagaya]].

==Route description==
[[File:Shuto Expressway 03.JPG|thumb|200px|The Shibuya Route as seen in Shibuya.]]
The Shibuya Route runs southwest from Tanimachi Junction where it meets the [[Inner Circular Route]], Tokyo's innermost beltway, in [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]. In all, it runs for {{convert|11.9|km|mi|sp=us}} through the wards of [[Shibuya]], [[Meguro]], and [[Setagaya]]. The expressway, an [[elevated highway]], is paralleled by various surface-level streets along its entire length, primarily [[Japan National Route 246|National Route 246]].<ref name="info">{{cite web|title=路線案内|trans-title=Route information|url=https://www.shutoko.co.jp/company/database/route/#o_shibuya|publisher=[[Shuto Expressway|Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited]]|language=ja|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> [[Tokyu Corporation]]'s commuter line, the [[Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line]], travels directly beneath the expressway from [[Ikejiri-Ōhashi Station]] to [[Komazawa-daigaku Station]]. The foundation of the supports for this section of the elevated expressway is the tunnel that carries the commuter line, so the tunnels are maintained jointly by the Metropolitan Expressway Company and the Tokyu Corporation.<ref>{{cite news|title=首都高速会社／３号池尻～三軒茶屋間大規模更新／東急電鉄と施工委託協定へ|trans-title=Shuto Expressway / Large-scale renewal on Route 3 between Ikejiri and Sangenjaya / Construction contract agreement with Tokyu Corporation|url=https://www.decn.co.jp/?p=86049|newspaper=Nikkan Kensetsu Kogyo Shinbun|language=ja|date=13 February 2017|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref>

At Takagichō the expressway curves to the west, passing to the south of [[Aoyama Gakuin University]]. The Shibuya curves to the southwest once again as it passes central Shibuya. Continuing southwest into Meguro, the expressway begins its run directly above the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line.<ref name="shutomap"/> Along this section, the expressway has a junction with the [[Central Circular Route]] at [[Ohashi Junction]]. The route then passes into Setagaya. In the ward the expressway has a junction with surface-level National Route 246. The Shibuya Route comes to an end at the Yōga entrance/exit where the expressway transitions to the intercity [[Tōmei Expressway]] managed by the [[Central Nippon Expressway Company]].<ref>{{cite web|title=首都高道路交通状況マップ|trans-title=Shuto Expressway Traffic Map|url=https://search.shutoko-eng.jp/rtmap.html|publisher=Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> The Shibuya Route, along with the Tōmei Expressway and the Inner Circular Route at its ends, is included in the cross-continental [[Asian Highway 1]] that runs from Tokyo to [[Istanbul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=アジアハイウェイ標識の設置場所|trans-title=Location of Asian Highway signs|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/sign/sign/asian_highway/map.htm|publisher=[[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]]|language=ja|access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref>

==History==
The first plans were laid out for the Shibuya Route on 18 August 1959<ref>{{cite web|title=Urban Expressway road Route 3 (completion)|url=http://www.city.shibuya.tokyo.jp.e.mu.hp.transer.com/kankyo/toshi_keikaku/douro_kousoku3.html|publisher=[[Shibuya#Politics and government|Shibuya City Office]]|date=1 April 2020|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> during the preparations for the [[1964 Summer Olympics]] to be held in Tokyo. It was one of a network of eight expressway routes "designed to allow 60,000 vehicles travelling at 60kmper hour" planned to span Tokyo upon completion. The estimated cost for the entire project as laid out in 1959 was 105.8 billion yen (US$293,888,888) (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|293888888|1959}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars).{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}<ref>{{cite web|title=THE GAMES OF THE XVIII OLYMPIAD TOKYO 1964: The Official Report of the Organizing Committee|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1964/or1964v1pt1.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707162648/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1964/or1964v1pt1.pdf|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee|Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad]]|language=en-GB|page=48|date=1964|archive-date=7 July 2010|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref>

Construction of the expressway route was initiated in 1962 in Shibuya 4 chome near Aoyama Gakuin University.<ref>{{cite book|title=首都高速道路公団20年史|trans-title=20 year history of the Shuto Expressway Corporation|publisher=Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited|language=ja|date=17 June 1979|page=96}}</ref> The first section of the expressway to be opened to traffic was a section between Roppongi-dōri at Shibuya Interchange and Shibuya 4 chome in October 1964 in time for the beginning of the 1964 Olympics. The construction methods used on this elevated section of highway would later come under scrutiny after they were found to be the underlying cause of the collapse of the elevated [[Kobe Route]] in [[Kobe]] during the [[Great Hanshin earthquake]] of 1995.<ref>{{cite news|author=Robert Whiting|title=Negative impact of 1964 Olympics profound|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2014/10/24/olympics/negative-impact-1964-olympics-profound/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804061243/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2014/10/24/olympics/negative-impact-1964-olympics-profound/|newspaper=The Japan Times|archive-date=4 August 2020|date=24 October 2014|access-date=20 August 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was next extended to Tanimachi Junction from Shibuya 4 chome in September 1967. The rest of the expressway between Shibuya and the Tōmei Expressway was completed in December 1971.<ref name="info"/>

Further developments to the expressway have been made since its completion, in 2003 the Shibuya Route was included as one of several highways in Japan that make up its section of Asian Highway 1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Highway Handbook|url=http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full_version.pdf|location=New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414184019/http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full%20version.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]]|date=2003|archive-date=14 April 2012|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> In March 2010, the expressway was linked to the [[Central Circular Route]] upon the completion of Ōhashi Junction.<ref>{{cite web|title=路線案内|trans-title=Route information|url=https://www.shutoko.co.jp/company/database/route/#o_tyuo|publisher=Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited|language=ja|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> On 7 March 2015, Ōhashi Junction was expanded to carry traffic to and from the Shibuya Route and the newly opened section of the Central Circular Route to the south of Ōhashi Junction.<ref>{{cite web|title=プレスリリース（2014年度）|trans-title=Press release (FY 2014)|url=https://www.shutoko.co.jp/company/press/h26/data/09/24_shinagawasen/|publisher=Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited|language=ja|date=24 September 2014|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref>

==Junction list==
The entire expressway is in [[Tokyo]].
{{JPNinttop|exit|name|nopref=yes|length_ref=<ref name="shutomap">{{cite web|title=全体版|trans-title=Full map|url=https://www.shutoko.jp/-/media/pdf/customer/use/network/navimap/210101/map_all.pdf|publisher=Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited|date=1 January 2021|access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="google">{{google maps |title=Shibuya Route|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/35.6679325,139.7399166/35.6269535,139.6284848/@35.6264765,139.6289691,18.63z/data=!4m2!4m1!3e0|access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref>}}
{{JPNint|exit|name
|location_special=[[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]
|lspan=2
|km=0.0
|exit=—
|type=concur
|name=Tanimachi
|road=[[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign B.svg|24px|link=|alt=B]][[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign 1-Haneda.svg|24px|link=|alt=1]][[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign 0004.svg|24px|link=|alt=4]][[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign 0005.svg|24px|link=|alt=5]][[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign C1.svg|24px|link=|alt=C1]] [[Inner Circular Route]]&nbsp;– to [[Bayshore Route]], [[Haneda Route]], [[Shinjuku Route]], [[Ikebukuro Route]], [[Ueno]], [[Shiba Park]], [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], [[Kasumigaseki]], [[Kita-Ikebukuro Station|Kita-ikebukuro]]
|notes=Eastern terminus; eastern end of [[AH1]] concurrency
}}
{{JPNint|exit|name
|km=1.9
|exit=301
|name=Takagichō
|road=[[File:Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0246.svg|21px|link=|alt=]] Tokyo Metropolitan Route 412 (Roppongi-dōri)&nbsp;– to [[Japan National Route 246|Aoyama-dōri]], [[Ebisu, Shibuya|Ebisu]], [[Shibuya Station]]
|notes=
}}
{{JPNint|exit|name
|location_special=[[Shibuya]]
|km=3.4
|km2=4.4
|exit=302/303
|name=Shibuya
|road=Tokyo Metropolitan Route 412 (Roppongi-dōri)&nbsp;– [[Roppongi]], [[Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo|Minamiaoyama]]<br />{{jct|country=JPN|Route|246|name1=Tamagawa-dōri}}&nbsp;– Yamate-dōri, [[Meguro]]
|notes=
}}
{{JPNint|exit|name
|location_special=[[Meguro]]
|km=5.2
|exit=—
|name=Ōhashi
|road=[[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign B.svg|24px|link=|alt=B]][[File:JP Expressway E4.svg|27px|link=|alt=]][[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign C2.svg|24px|link=|alt=C2]] [[Central Circular Route]]&nbsp;– to [[Bayshore Route]], [[Tōhoku Expressway]]
|notes=
}}
{{JPNint|exit|name
|location_special=[[Setagaya]]
|lspan=3
|km=5.8
|km2=6.0
|exit=304/305
|name=Ikejiri/Sangenjaya 
|road={{jct|country=JPN|Route|246|name1=Tamagawa-dōri}}&nbsp;– Yamate-dōri, Meguro
|notes=
}}
{{JPNint|exit|name
|km=11.5
|exit=PA/TB
|type=incomplete
|name=Yōga
|road=
|notes=Eastbound access to parking area and tollgate only
}}
{{JPNint|exit|name
|km=11.9
|exit=—
|type=trans
|name=Yōga
|road=Kampachi-dōri&nbsp;– [[Takaido Station|Takaido]], [[Todoroki Station (Tokyo)|Todoroki]]<br />{{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E1|dab1=T}}&nbsp;– [[Shizuoka (city)|Shizuoka]]
|notes=Western terminus; expressway continues west as the [[Tōmei Expressway]] and [[AH1]]
}}
{{Jctbtm|exit|keys=incomplete,trans|col=8}}

==Cultural references==
The Shibuya Route figures in [[Haruki Murakami]]'s [[Utopian and dystopian fiction|dystopian fiction]] novel ''[[1Q84]]''. It is the setting of the novel's opening chapter. The elevated expressway has no shoulders, so turnouts at regular intervals provide places for drivers to park in case of an emergency. The turnouts are equipped with emergency stairways to the streets below. In the novel, one of these emergency stairways serves as a gateway to an alternate reality, a fictionalized version of 1984 that the main character, Aomame, is transported to.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ron Hogan|title=Genre in the Mainstream: Haruki Murakami's 1Q84|url=https://www.tor.com/2011/11/08/genre-in-the-mainstream-murakami-1q84/|publisher=[[Tor.com]]|work=Genre in the Mainstream|date=November 8, 2011|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Murakami|first=Haruki|author-link=Haruki Murakami|translator-last1=Rubin|translator-first1=Jay|translator-last2=Gabriel|translator-first2=Philip|date=2011|title=[[1Q84]]|edition=1st|location=New York|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|pages=12,107|isbn=978-0-307-59331-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=C1 Inner Circular Route Area|url=https://www.shutoko.co.jp/~/media/pdf/index/roadways/map/2020/C1.pdf/|publisher=Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited|date=April 2020|access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Shuto Expressway}}

[[Category:AH1]]
[[Category:Shuto Expressway|03]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Roads in Tokyo]]