View source for Severodvinsk

{{Short description|City in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia}}
{{About|the city|the submarine class|Yasen-class submarine}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Severodvinsk
| ru_name                 = Северодвинск
| loc_name1               = 
| loc_lang1               = 
| loc_name2               = 
| loc_lang2               = 
| loc_name3               = 
| loc_lang3               = 
| loc_name4               = 
| loc_lang4               = 
| other_name              = 
| other_lang              = 
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage
| photo1a      = Severodvinsk_PlyusninStreet7_008_8289.jpg{{!}}The city administration
| photo2a      = Kud-23.JPG{{!}}Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway
| photo2b      = Сосны_у_моря.jpg{{!}}White sea coast
| photo3a      = Стела_Северодвинск_-_город_Трудовой_Славы_на_въезде_в_город._Фото_А._Щекинова_01.jpg{{!}}The "City of Labor Valor and Glory" monument
| photo3b      = Sevmash.jpg{{!}}Sevmash 
| photo4a      = Ship building place.jpg{{!}}David Pashaev square
| color        = white
| color_border = white
| position     = center
| spacing      = 2
| size         = 270
}}
| image_caption           = Top-down, left-to-right: City administration, [[Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway]], [[White Sea|White Sea coast]] on Yagry island, The "City of Labor Valor and Glory" monument, [[Sevmash|Sevmash factory]], David Pashaev square
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = Russia Arkhangelsk Oblast#European Russia#Europe
| coordinates             = {{coord|64|34|N|39|52|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = 
| flag_caption            = 
| image_coa               = COA of Severodvinsk (official).svg
| coa_caption             = 
| anthem                  = [[Anthem of Severodvinsk]]
| anthem_ref              = <ref name="Anthem">Decision #123</ref>
| holiday                 = Last Sunday of July
| holiday_ref             = <ref name="Charter1_3">Charter of Severodvinsk, Article&nbsp;1.3</ref>
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]]
| federal_subject_ref     = <ref name="ATSLaw15_1_1">Law #65-5-OZ, Article&nbsp;15.1.1</ref>
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[city of federal subject significance|city of oblast significance]] of Severodvinsk
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="ArkhangelskO_adm" />
| adm_citydistrict_jur    = 
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = 
| capital_of_ref          = 
| adm_ctr_of1             = city of oblast significance of Severodvinsk 
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="ArkhangelskO_adm" /> 
| adm_ctr_of2             = 
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = 
| adm_ctr_of3             = 
| adm_ctr_of3_ref         = 
| inhabloc_cat            = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|11 430 005}}</ref>
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Severodvinsk Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="ArkhangelskO_mun" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Severodvinsk Urban Okrug 
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="ArkhangelskO_mun" /> 
| mun_admctr_of2          = 
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_title_ref        = <ref name="Charter33_1_2">Charter of Severodvinsk, Article&nbsp;33.1.2</ref>
| leader_name             = {{ill|Igor Skubenko|ru|Скубенко, Игорь Васильевич}} (since 2017)
| leader_name_ref         = <ref name="LeaderName">Official website of the Administration of Severodvinsk. [http://www.severodvinsk.info/?idmenu=12 Mikhail Arkadyevich Gmyrin, Mayor of Severodvinsk] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
| representative_body     = City Council of Deputies
| representative_body_ref = <ref name="Charter33_1_1">Charter of Severodvinsk, Article&nbsp;33.1.1</ref>
<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 
| area_km2_ref            = 
| pop_2010census          = 192353
| pop_2010census_rank     = 95th
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census" />
| pop_latest              = 
| pop_latest_date         = 
| pop_latest_ref          = 
| population_demonym      = 
| time_zone_ref           = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 1936
| established_title       = 
| established_date_ref    = <ref name="ReferenceA" />
| current_cat_date        = 
| current_cat_date_ref    = 
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 164500–164502, 164504, 164505, 164507, 164509, 164510, 164512, 164514, 164515, 164518, 164520–164524, 164529
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 81842
| dialing_codes_ref       = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://kodcity.ru/index.php?nn=447|script-title=ru:Телефонный код города Северодвинск|publisher=Коды городов|language=ru|access-date=August 26, 2011}}</ref>
| website                 = http://www.severodvinsk.info
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-marker = city
}}

'''Severodvinsk''' ({{langx|ru|Северодви́нск}}; {{IPA|ru|sʲɪvʲɪrɐdˈvʲinsk|IPA}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in the north of [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]], [[Russia]], located in the [[river delta|delta]] of the [[Northern Dvina]], {{convert|35|km|sp=us}} west of [[Arkhangelsk]], the [[administrative center]] of the [[oblast]]. As of the [[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Census]], the population was 157,213.<ref name=2021Census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref> Due to the presence of important military shipyards (specialising in submarines since the Soviet period), Severodvinsk is an access-restricted town for foreign citizens. A special permit is required.<ref name="pomorland.travel">{{cite web |url=http://www.pomorland.travel/en/kak_dobratsya/kuda_ne_dobratsya/ |title=What is Unreachable in Arkhangelsk Region - The Official Tourist Web Portal of Arkhangelsk Region of Russian Federation |website=www.pomorland.travel |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808125957/http://www.pomorland.travel/en/kak_dobratsya/kuda_ne_dobratsya/ |archive-date=2014-08-08}} </ref>

It was previously known as '''Sudostroy''' (until 1938),<ref name="ReferenceA" /> and '''Molotovsk''' (until 1957).<ref name="ReferenceA" />

==History==
=== Pre-20th century ===
[[Viking]]s explored the territories around the North Dvina River - part of [[Bjarmaland]] - at the start of the second millennium. British and Norman<ref name="ReferenceA">Severodvinsk—test of strength (Russian), "Pravda Severa" publishing house, 1998</ref>{{qn|date=February 2017}} ships came to these places for mining, fur and fishing before the 13th century, but later the climate became colder and access to the northern seas became closed.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

The historical records first mention the settlement on the site of modern Severodvinsk in 1419, when the Swedes sailed into the bay and burnt down the [[Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery]] that stood by the shore during the [[Swedish–Novgorodian Wars]]. Tradition has it that [[Saint Euphemius]], an [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[missionary]] in [[Karelia]], founded this monastery. The abbey stood in ruins until 1471, when two sons of [[Marfa Boretskaya]] died in a vicious storm; their bodies were recovered on the beach near the monastery twelve days later. At the urging of Boretskaya, the monastery was restored and her sons were buried there.

On August&nbsp;24, 1553, a ship of [[Richard Chancellor]] reached the salt-mining settlement of [[Nyonoksa]], which is still famous for its traditional wooden architecture. The British sailors visited the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, where they were surprised to find a community of "sailors in [[soutane]]s (cassocks)" and a pier large enough to accommodate several ships.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} The main church of this extraordinary establishment was dedicated to [[Saint Nicholas]], the holy [[patron]] of sailors; hence, the whole [[White Sea]] became known in 16th-century English maps as "St. Nicholas Bay". In late 1613, during the [[Time of Troubles]] in Russia, Polish-Lithuanian vagabonds, the [[Lisowczycy]], captured and looted Severodvinsk with the monastery.

The Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery flourished after the establishment of the [[Muscovy Company]], as the bulk of their trade passed through the local harbor. In August 1618 the harbour was visited by [[John Tradescant the elder]], who conducted a survey of an island situated opposite the monastery. This island became known to the British as "Rose Island", because it was there that Tradescant found an exceedingly rare plant which he named "[[Rosa moscovita]]" (which is now known as ''[[Rosa acicularis]]'') and brought back to [[London]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Hamel|first= Joseph|title= England and Russia: Comprising the Voyages of John Tradescant, the Elder...|date= January 1999|publisher= Adamant Media Corporation|pages= 282|isbn= 1-4021-8427-1}}</ref>
[[File:Korelski.jpg|thumb|left|View of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery in the early 20th century]]

The surviving buildings of the monastery were constructed at the close of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovite]] period. The five-domed cathedral of St. Nicholas was built between 1670 and 1674, preceded by the Assumption church (1664–1667), to which it is joined by a gallery. Several decades later, the walls and towers were built of timber; the Soviets transported the best-preserved of these towers to [[Kolomenskoye]], [[Moscow]], where it still remains.

===Modern city===
Severodvinsk is the second-largest city in Arkhangelsk Oblast. Its main industry remains defense-related — the construction and repair of [[submarine]]s at the huge Northern Machine-building Enterprise [[Sevmash|SEVMASH]] (Северное Машиностроительное Предприятие-СЕВМАШ). The Soviet Union's first [[nuclear submarine]] [[Soviet submarine K-3 Leninsky Komsomol|''Leninsky Komsomol'']] was built here in 1957. At the beginning of the 1980s, the world's largest submarine, a [[Typhoon class submarine|Typhoon class]], was also built here, later recorded in the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]''.

The modern city of Severodvinsk developed in the Soviet period. As it began to be built it was called '''Sudostroy''' ({{lang|ru|Судострой}} - "Boat-build").<ref name="ReferenceA"/> It received town status in 1938; until 1957, it was named '''Molotovsk''' ({{lang|ru|Молотовск}}), after [[Vyacheslav Molotov]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> On September&nbsp;12, 1957, it was renamed Severodvinsk (meaning "Northern Dvina town").

Construction Site 203 aimed to complete the warship-building project and build the city and was driven by the Yagrinlag camp complex and its thousands of prisoners.<ref>https://en.mapofmemory.org/yagrinlag-1938-1953</ref>

During [[World War II]], a significant portion of the materials delivered by the [[Arctic Convoys]] to [[Murmansk]] and [[Arkhangelsk]] for the Soviet Union were unloaded in Severodvinsk. For example, the ''[[Empire Elgar]]'', a British [[heavy lift ship]] that arrived in Arkhangelsk with convoy [[PQ 16]] and subsequently spent eight weeks unloading ships from the ill-fated [[convoy PQ 17]].

A Russian naval-base supports the sea trials of nuclear submarines from the major submarine construction- (64.5817 N, 39.8307 E) and repair-facilities located in the area. In Soviet times, the 17th-century buildings of the Nikolo-Korelsky monastery, located on the territory of the shipyard, were adapted and used for shipbuilding purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.edu.severodvinsk.ru/after_school/obl_www/2006/work/vanykov/xx.htm|title= XX век|publisher= Управление образования Северодвинска|language= ru|access-date= August 26, 2011}}</ref>  In recent years, the monastery buildings, specifically the main church, have been restored and re-consecrated.  Church-goers attending services have to be shipyard workers or able to obtain a pass to enter the church portion of the shipyard.

Severodvinsk is an access-restricted town for foreign citizens. A special pass is required.<ref name="pomorland.travel"/>

On 8 August 2019, a [[Nyonoksa radiation accident|nuclear accident]] took place on Russian Navy's Central Missile Range in [[Nyonoksa]], 30&nbsp;km to the west from Severodvinsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://meduza.io/amp/en/feature/2019/08/27/new-russian-government-data-on-august-8-explosion-reveals-that-a-nuclear-reactor-was-definitely-involved|website=meduza.io|access-date=2019-08-31|title=New Russian government data on August 8 explosion reveals that a nuclear reactor was definitely involved}}</ref>

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is, together with eleven [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated as the '''[[city of federal subject significance|city of oblast significance]] of Severodvinsk'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Arkhangelsk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="ArkhangelskO_adm">Oblast Law #65-5-OZ</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the city of oblast significance of Severodvinsk is incorporated as '''Severodvinsk Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="ArkhangelskO_mun">Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ</ref>

==Demographics==
Population: {{ru-census|p2010=192,353|p2002=201,551|p1989=248,670}}{{Historical populations|5=1939|6=21000|7=1959|8=78657|9=1970|10=144672|11=1979|12=197232|13=1989|14=248670|15=2002|16=201551|17=2010|18=192353|19=2021|20=157213|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Population of Severodvinsk from 1939 to the present
!1939
!1944
!1959
!1962
!1967
!1970
!1973
|-
|21,000
|28,900 {{Increase}} 
|78,657 {{Increase}} 
|97,000 {{Increase}} 
|121,000 {{Increase}} 
|144,672 {{Increase}} 
|160,000 {{Increase}} 
|-
!1975
!1976
!1979
!1982
!1985
!1986
!1987
|-
|177,000 {{Increase}} 
|177,000 {{No change}}
|197,232 {{Increase}} 
|214,000 {{Increase}} 
|238,000 {{Increase}} 
|233,000 {{Decrease}}
|239,000 {{Increase}} 
|-
!1989
!1990
!1991
!1992
!1993
!1994
!1995
|-
|248,670 {{Increase}} 
|255,000 {{Increase}} 
|252,000 {{Decrease}} 
|250,000 {{Decrease}}
|245,000 {{Decrease}}
|243,000 {{Decrease}}
|246,000 {{Increase}} 
|-
!1996
!1997
!1998
!1999
!2000
!2001
!2002
|-
|244,000 {{Decrease}}
|237,000 {{Decrease}}
|239,000 {{Increase}} 
|231,800 {{Decrease}}
|229,300 {{Decrease}}
|232,800 {{Increase}} 
|201,551 {{Decrease}}
|-
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
|-
|201,600 {{Increase}} 
|199,300 {{Decrease}}
|197,400 {{Decrease}}
|195,200 {{Decrease}}
|193,200 {{Decrease}}
|191,400 {{Decrease}}
|188,855 {{Decrease}}
|-
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
|-
|192,353 {{Increase}} 
|191,794 {{Decrease}}
|190,083 {{Decrease}}
|188,539 {{Decrease}}
|187,284 {{Decrease}}
|186,172 {{Decrease}}
|185,075 {{Decrease}}
|-
!2017
!2018
!2019
!2020
!2021
!2022
!2023
|-
|183,996 {{Decrease}}
|183,255 {{Decrease}}
|182,291 {{Decrease}}
|181,990 {{Decrease}}
|180,806 {{Decrease}}
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Ethnic groups population according to the All-Russian population census of 2010
!Ethnic group
!Population
!Percentage of those who
indicated their ethnicity, %
|-
|[[Russians]]
|176,397
|95.50
|-
|[[Ukrainians]]
|3,135
|1.70
|-
|[[Belarusians]]
|1,149
|0.62
|-
|[[Tatars]]
|406
|0.22
|-
|[[Azerbaijanis]]
|255
|0.14
|-
|[[Chuvashs|Chuvash]]
|237
|0.13
|-
|[[Indian people|Indians]]
|181
|0.10
|-
|[[Armenians]] 
|140
|0.08
|-
|[[Mordvins]]
|134
|0.07
|-
|[[Komi peoples|Komi]]
|109
|0.06
|-
|[[Moldovans]]
|108
|0.06
|-
|[[Jews]]
|107
|0.06
|-
|[[Udmurt people|Udmurt]]
|104
|0.05
|-
|[[Mari people|Mari]]
|91
|0.05
|-
|[[Germans]]
|62
|0.03
|-
|[[Bashkirs]]
|58
|0.03
|-
|[[Lezgins]]
|54
|0.03
|-
|[[Lithuanians]]
|52
|0.03
|-
|Others
|1,930
|1.04
|-
|Total of those 
who indicated

their ethnicity
|184,709
|100,00
|-
|Citizens who 
did not specify

their ethnicity
|8898
|
|}
From 1950 until 1990, [[high-tech]] industries generated demand for a considerable quantity of suitably qualified experts and workers which prompted growth in population. Since 1992, the population has declined due to economic crises and unemployment that has provoked significant migration from the city.

== Geography ==

=== Location ===
The city is located near the Nikolsky mouth of the [[Northern Dvina]] at its confluence with the [[White Sea]], 35&nbsp;km northwest of [[Arkhangelsk]], [[administrative centre]] of [[Arkhangelsk Oblast|the region]].

The area of Severodvinsk Urban Okrug, which includes the city of Severodvinsk and nearby rural settlements, is {{convert|1193.49|km2|mi2}}, which is more than the area of [[Moscow]] within the [[Moscow Ring Road|MKAD]]. It is due to the fact that in addition to the city of Severodvinsk a large forest area with its settlements (villages and dachas) to the south and west of the city is included in the boundaries of Severodvinsk Urban Okrug itself. The area of the city within the [[city]] limits is {{convert|120.5|km2|mi2}}.

The city is located at a latitude of 64°34′N, which means that it is possible to observe the [[Aurora|northern lights]].

=== Climate ===
Climate in Severodvinsk is [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]. Summers are cool and winters are very cold. The average winter temperature is lower than in the central, southern and even some northern (such as [[Saint Petersburg|Saint-Petersburg]]) regions of the [[European Russia|European part of Russia]]. In december the Sun rises after 9 am and sets before 4 pm. But from May 17 to July 27 [[White night (astronomy)|white nights]] are observed in the city.{{Weather box
| name = Severodvinsk climate data (2010-2019)
| width = auto
| collapsed = 
| open = 
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| trace = <!-- Any entry in this line will replace the word "trace" with the input when entering trace amounts for precipitation. Leave blank for default.-->
| location = Severodvinsk (2010-2019)
| Jan record high C = 3.5
| Feb record high C = 5.0
| Mar record high C = 10.4
| Apr record high C = 19.6
| May record high C = 31.2
| Jun record high C = 30.9
| Jul record high C = 35.9
| Aug record high C = 29.9
| Sep record high C = 26.9
| Oct record high C = 15.8
| Nov record high C = 9.8
| Dec record high C = 3.7
| year record high C = 35.9
| Jan mean C = -9.4
| Feb mean C = -7.3
| Mar mean C = -4.1
| Apr mean C = 1.4
| May mean C = 8
| Jun mean C = 11.8
| Jul mean C = 15
| Aug mean C = 13.3
| Sep mean C = 9.1
| Oct mean C = 3
| Nov mean C = -1.5
| Dec mean C = -4.5
| year mean C = 3
| Jan record low C = -36.3
| Feb record low C = -34
| Mar record low C = -29.6
| Apr record low C = -16.6
| May record low C = -3.9
| Jun record low C = 1.3
| Jul record low C = 3.7
| Aug record low C = 3.7
| Sep record low C = -1.4
| Oct record low C = -12.1
| Nov record low C = -20.6
| Dec record low C = -28.8
| year record low C = -36.6
| Jan precipitation mm = 32
| Feb precipitation mm = 26
| Mar precipitation mm = 22
| Apr precipitation mm = 29
| May precipitation mm = 28
| Jun precipitation mm = 70
| Jul precipitation mm = 71
| Aug precipitation mm = 93
| Sep precipitation mm = 57
| Oct precipitation mm = 57
| Nov precipitation mm = 41
| Dec precipitation mm = 41
| year precipitation mm = 566
| Jan precipitation days = 
| Feb precipitation days = 
| Mar precipitation days = 
| Apr precipitation days = 
| May precipitation days = 
| Jun precipitation days = 
| Jul precipitation days = 
| Aug precipitation days = 
| Sep precipitation days = 
| Oct precipitation days = 
| Nov precipitation days = 
| Dec precipitation days = 
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan humidity = 85
| Feb humidity = 83
| Mar humidity = 78
| Apr humidity = 73
| May humidity = 65
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 77
| Sep humidity = 82
| Oct humidity = 86
| Nov humidity = 87
| Dec humidity = 87
| year humidity = 79
| source = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/summary/22546.htm
}}

==Economy==

===Industry===
[[File:Севмаш и Звёздочка. Вход в Никольское устье Белого моря.jpg|thumb|Nikolskoe mouth, the "[[Zvyozdochka]]" factory is on the right bank, the "[[Sevmash]]" factory is on the left bank]]
The main role of the city has been, and remains, the production and repair of submarines and military ships. During the [[Cold War]], the city prospered, but with the decline and break-up of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War the city has declined. The city's large military enterprises have survived the economic crises of the 1990s and have adjusted to new economic conditions. Severodvinsk now has the largest shipbuilding yard in Russia for large ships (tankers, cargo ships).

====Large and military factories====
*[[File:Disassembling of a Soviet submarine.jpg|thumb|Disassembly of a Soviet submarine in Severodvinsk, as part of the [[Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction]] Program]]'''"[[Sevmash|SevMash]]"'''({{lang|ru|СевМаш}}) or Northern Machine-building Enterprise ({{lang|ru|Северное машиностроительное предприятие}})
:core line of business is the construction and repair of submarines and other naval ships, as well as civilian vessels and [[oil platform]]s
*'''"[[Zvezdochka]]"''' ({{lang|ru|Звёздочка}} ''("Starlet")'')
:Repair of submarines, military and civil ships, construction of oil platforms and faceting of diamonds.
*'''"Severny Reyd"''' ({{lang|ru|Северный рейд}}''("Northern Raid")'')
:Manufacture of marine equipment.
*'''"Arktika"''' ({{lang|ru|Арктика}} ''("Arctic")'')
:Manufacture of automated equipment.

[[File:Kud-0845.jpg|thumb|[[Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway]] (2011)]]

===Transportation===
Severodvinsk is the terminal station of a railway line which splits off at [[Isakogorka]] station from the line connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk.

The [[Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway]] in 2010 has appeared in Forbes ranking, of 10 most beautiful railway routes of the world.

==Sport==

Sport teams representing Severodvinsk in city, regional and all-Russian competitions:
*"Sevmash" (also represents Northern Machine-building Enterprise) - [[association football|football]], [[futsal]], [[ice hockey]], [[bandy]], [[volleyball]], [[floorball]];
*"Zvezdochka" (also represents "Zvezdochka" enterprise) - football, futsal, hockey, volleyball;
*"Sever" - bandy.
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="250" heights="250">
File:Победный бросок Севмаша в ворота Юности.jpg|Sevmash playing [[bandy]]
File:Роллерша.JPG|Inline skating in Severodvinsk
</gallery>
==Social sphere==

===Education===

There are 32 middle schools of general education in Severodvinsk, including special schools for orphans and handicapped children; two musical schools and two art schools.

===Secondary vocational education institutions===
*Technical College (part of the [[Northern (Arctic) Federal University]] since 2011)
*Technical School of Construction, Design and Technology
*Technical School of Shipbuilding and Engineering
*Technical School of Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
*Technical School of Social Infrastructure
*Technical School of Wiring and Communication
*College of Management and Information Technology
*Branch of [[Arkhangelsk]] Medical College

===Higher education institutions===
The city hosts branches of the following institutions:
*[[Northern (Arctic) Federal University]] (including Institute of Shipbuilding and Maritime Arctic Engineering (ISMART) and Institute of Humanities)
*[[International Institute of Management]] (Arkhangelsk)
*[[Moscow Modern Humanitarian Academy]]
*[[Northwest Academy of the State Service]] (St. Petersburg)

===Monuments===

There are nearly twenty monuments and memorial complexes in the city, including:
*a monument honoring the city founders on Pashaeva Square (a 30-meter sculpture);
*a monument to the renowned Russian scientist [[Mikhail Lomonosov]], who was born in the region. One of the city's central streets is named after him;
*two monuments to [[Vladimir Lenin]];
*the city gate, on the road from Arkhangelsk;[[File:Дом Пикуля в Северодвинске, вид спереди.png|thumb|The [[Valentin Pikul|Pikul's]] house[[:ru:Дом Пикуля в Северодвинске|<sup>[ru]</sup>]]]]
*a monument to the home front workers of World War II;
*military memorial complex on Yagry island which includes monument to World War II participants "The Grieving Motherland", monuments to the victims of the [[Kursk submarine disaster]] and the liquidators of the [[Chernobyl disaster]].

===Cultural heritage===
[[File:Chapel on Jagry island.JPG|thumb|Resurrection of Christ Church on Yagry Island]]

Fifteen objects in Severodvinsk are protected as cultural heritage monuments{{RKN_base}} In particular, the [[Nyonokotsky Pogost]] in the village of [[Nyonoksa]] is protected as an architecture monument on the federal level. This is one of the few surviving triple wooden church ensembles, consisting of two churches (a bigger, not heated, church used in the summer, a smaller, heated church used in the winter) and a bell-tower. Nyonoksa was also notable for salt production.

In addition, the wooden Church Resurrection of Christ, currently located on Yagry Island in the northern part of Severodvinsk, was relocated there in 1990s and was the first religious building open in the city. The church was built in the end of 19th century in the village of [[Solza, Severodvinsk|Solza]] about {{convert|20|km|sp=us}} from Severodvinsk.

The stone church of St. Nicholas is located in the eastern portion of the SEVMASH Shipyard.  The church building is the last remnant of the Svyato-Nikolskoye Monastery which served as the gateway to the pilgrimage monastery on the Solovetskiy Islands from the 15th century.

==City in culture==
*''[[K-19: The Widowmaker]]''
*Nuclear underwater epic, film of [[Discovery Channel]]
*''[[Seven Days (TV series)|Seven Days]]'', Season 1, Episode 13, "Last Breath"

==Notable people==
*[[Polina Agafonova]], Russian figure skater, was born in Severodvinsk in 1996.
*[[Svetlana Klyukina]], Russian artistic gymnast and a member of Russian Olympic team on [[2008 Summer Olympics]], was born in Severodvinsk in 1989.
*[[Maria Kursova]], professional chess player representing Armenia
*[[Marina Oswald Porter|Marina Prusakova]], widow of [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], the assassin of US President [[John F. Kennedy]] in 1963, was born in Molotovsk in 1941.<ref>{{cite book|last=Голубцова|first=Ольга Валентиновна|script-title=ru:Русская жена убийцы президента: Молотовск-Даллас|year=1993|location=Северодвинск|language=ru}}</ref>
*[[Olga Rukavishnikova]], Soviet athlete who mainly competed in the women's pentathlon event during her career, was born in Molotovsk in 1955.
*[[Mikhail Suprun]], Russian historian and professor of the Pomor State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, was born in Molotovsk in 1955.

==Twin towns and sister cities==
{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Severodvinsk is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{Flagicon|United States}} [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]], [[New Hampshire]], [[United States]]
*{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Bryansk]], [[Bryansk Oblast]], Russia
*{{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Mazyr]], [[Belarus]]
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Sumy]], [[Ukraine]]
*{{Flagicon|Transnistria}} [[Tiraspol]], [[Transnistria]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaBasicLawRef|ark|severodvinsk}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ark|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ark|mun|list}}
*{{Cite Russian law
|ru_entity=Муниципальный Совет Северодвинска
|ru_type=Решение
|ru_number=123
|ru_date=28 октября 2004 г.
|ru_title=Об утверждении Положения "О гимне города Северодвинска"
|ru_effective_date=с момента опубликования
|ru_published_in="Северный рабочий" ("Вестник муниципального Совета Северодвинска"), №198–200
|ru_published_date=14 декабря 2004 г
|en_entity=Municipal Council of Severodvinsk
|en_type=Decision
|en_number=123
|en_date=October&nbsp;28, 2004
|en_title=On the Adoption of the Provision "On the Anthem of the City of Severodvinsk"
|en_effective_date=the moment of publication
}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.severodvinsk.info Official website of Severodvinsk]
*{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.sevska.net Unofficial website of Severodvinsk]
*{{in lang|ru}} [http://copy-www.novsu.ac.ru/chelo/9/lizun/lizun.htm History of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery]

{{Arkhangelsk Oblast}}
{{Russian North}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Arkhangelsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Severodvinsk Urban Okrug]]
[[Category:White Sea]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Russia]]
[[Category:Russian and Soviet Navy bases]]
[[Category:Arctic convoys of World War II]]