View source for Serov (town)

{{Short description|Town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia}}
{{Other uses|Serov (disambiguation){{!}}Serov}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}

{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Serov
|ru_name=Серов
|image_skyline=
|image_caption=
|coordinates = {{coord|59|36|N|60|34|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Serov (Sverdlovsk oblast).png
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Serov (Sverdlovsk oblast).png
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=
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|federal_subject=[[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|adm_data_as_of=2011
|adm_city_jur=[[City of federal subject significance|Town]] of Serov
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="OKATO2" />
|adm_ctr_of1=[[Serovsky District]]
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|adm_ctr_of2=Town of Serov
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=
|inhabloc_cat=Town
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="OKATO" />
|mun_data_as_of=June 2009
|urban_okrug_jur=Serovsky Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="SverdlovskO_mun" />
|mun_admctr_of=Serovsky Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Vladimir Anisimov
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=99373
|pop_2010census_rank=167th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=
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|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
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|established_date=
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|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=1926
|current_cat_date_ref=
|postal_codes=624XXX
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=34385
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://www.adm-serov.ru/
|website_ref=
}}

'''Serov''' ({{langx|ru|Серо́в}}) is a mining and commercial [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the eastern foothills of the [[Ural Mountains]], on the left bank of the [[Kakva River]] (a [[tributary]] of the [[Sosva River|Sosva]]), about {{convert|350|km|sp=us}} north of [[Yekaterinburg]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=99,373|p2002=99,804|p1989=104,158}}{{Historical populations|3=1926|4=33400|5=1939|6=65000|7=1959|8=97882|9=1970|10=100679|11=1979|12=101481|13=1989|14=104158|15=2002|16=99804|17=2010|18=99373|19=2021|20=94211|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

==History==
Archaeological evidence suggests that the  [[Mansi people|Mansi]] or their ancestors populated the area of Serov as early as 1000&nbsp;BCE. In the early days of the [[Russian colonization of Siberia]] the district had only a few minor villages. The situation changed in 1893, when the chief manager of [[Karpinsk|Bogoslovsk]] Mining District, [[Alexander Auerbakh]], proposed a construction of a cast iron and rail plant on the [[Kakva River]] near the end of an existing railroad. This year the construction of a workers' settlement began. It was named '''Nadezhdinsk''' after Nadezhda Polovtsova, the owner of Bogoslovsk Mining District.<ref>Дзюбинский Л. И. Свет над тайгой. Очерки по истории Металлургического завода имени А. К. Серова. — Екатеринбург: «Уральское издательство», 2002.</ref> The first steel and rails in Nadezhdinsk were produced in 1896. Nadezhdinsk became an important supplier of rails for the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]]. [[Dmitry Mendeleyev]], who visited Nadezhdinsk, was pleasantly surprised by the progressive technology used at the plant. The first school in Nadezhdinsk opened in December 1895, the first power plant (415&nbsp;kW) in 1907.

The [[Revolution of 1905]] affected Nadezhdinsk, with the turmoil continuing through 1908. At the beginning of [[World War I]], Nadezhdinsk industry was reshaped<ref>October 27, 1915 between the main artillery Directorate and the Chairman of the Theological mountain district state Councilor A.A. Polovtsov signed a contract for the supply of high-explosive bombs to howitzers.</ref> to meet the demands of the military. Klein Brothers machine-building factory relocated to Nadezhdinsk from [[Riga]] in 1917. The growing demand for workforce was met by hiring workers from China and Korea, as well as [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] (POWs). There were 1,266 Chinese and Koreans, and 3,329 POWs in Nadezhdinsk in 1917.

On October&nbsp;27, 1917, two days after the [[October Revolution]] in [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]], power in the town bloodlessly transferred to the Worker's Soviet. On December&nbsp;18, 1917, Bogoslovsk Mining District, including the Nadezhdinsk plants, was nationalized. In October 1918, the army of the Provisional Government of Siberia, which opposed the Soviets in the [[Russian Civil War]], occupied Nadezhdinsk. On November&nbsp;20, 1918, two days after admiral [[Alexander Kolchak|Kolchak]] become the head of the [[White movement|White government]] of Siberia, the [[White movement|"whites"]] in Nadezhdinsk executed twenty-three of their "red" opponents. On July&nbsp;19, 1919, [[Red Army|Red]] partisans, supporting the Soviets, re-took the settlement. It was devastated after the Civil War. None of the factories were working and many engineers left the area.

15 September 1919 Nadezhdinsk gained town status. The [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee|Central Executive Committee]] decree of 5 April 1926 Nadezhdinsk was approved within the cities of the Ural region.<ref>Города Среднего Урала: Прошлое, настоящее, будущее / Е. Анимица; Науч. ред. И. В. Комар. — 2-е изд., перераб., доп. – Свердловск : Сред.-Урал. кн. изд-во, 1983. – С. 166, – 287 с.</ref>

The Soviet government put a lot of effort into restoring normal life and economy.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} By the end of 1925, Nadezhdinsk plant was running at its full capacity. Streets and house numbers were changed. A hospital, a circus, and a [[cabaret]] opened.

In the 1930s ferrous-metal production in Nadezhdinsk  expanded and diversified. In 1934 the town was renamed '''Kabakovsk''', after {{Interlanguage link|Ivan Dmitrievich Kabakov|ru|3=Кабаков, Иван Дмитриевич}}, the leader of the Bolshevik Party in [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]. In 1937, Kabakov was dismissed and executed in [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]'s purges, and the town's name changed back to Nadezhdinsk. On 7 June 1939 the town was renamed Serov, after the fighter-pilot [[Anatoly Serov]], a former Nadezhdinsk Plant worker and a hero of the [[Spanish Civil War]], who had died on 11 May 1939.<ref>Дзюбинский Л. И. Три имени города. — Екатеринбург: Средне-Уральское книжное издательство, 1999. — 192 с.</ref>

Serov was an important center of steel production during [[World War II]]. Due to the shortage of males, who were conscripted into  active service, most steel jobs were taken by women. Numerous organizations evacuated to Serov from the Soviet territories occupied by Germans: hospitals from [[Polotsk]] and [[Smolensk]], and [[Lenkom Theater]] from [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]].

After the war, demand for steel increased even more due to reconstruction. Serov became a major electrified railroad center and a new power plant was built. In 1958, Serov produced its first [[ferrosilicon]]. In the 1970s a timber factory and a gas pipeline were built.

In the early 1990s the failed reforms of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] brought the town economy to a record low level. The town saw a significant growth of unemployment and poverty, as did most other small towns in Russia. At the same time, many businesses were privatized or became municipal property.

On July&nbsp;14, 1993, a dam at Kiselevskoye water reservoir broke and 1,373 families lost their houses.

Since the 2000s, the town economy has improved, the standards of living have risen, and the town appearance continues to improve. In November 2004, Serov hosted the Russian Bodybuilding and Fitness Championship.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of the administrative divisions]], Serov serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Serovsky District]],<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|65 238}}</ref> even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="OKATO2">{{OKATO reference|65 492}}</ref> As an administrative division, it is, together with thirty-six [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated separately as the '''[[City of federal subject significance|Town]] of Serov'''<ref name="OKATO2" />—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Sverdlovsk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="SverdlovskO_adm">Law #30-OZ</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the Town of Serov is incorporated as '''Serovsky Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="SverdlovskO_mun">Law #85-OZ</ref>

==Economy==
Serov is a major center of ferrous metallurgy, which constitutes 80% of its economy. Two largest companies are ''A. K. Serov Metallurgical Plant'' and ''Serov Ferro-Alloys Plant''. The latter produces approximately 5% of the world's [[ferrochromium]]. Other industries are machine-building, timber, food. Serov Power Plant ([[Serovskaya GRES]]) provides electricity to the area. The town is the center of a mining area, with [[lignite]], [[iron]], [[bauxite]], and [[gold]] mines. Within the ''okrug'', 10 kilometers north from Serov, the [[Serov nickel deposit]] is situated.

==Climate==
The climate is continental, with temperate summers and cold snowy winters.

==Notable people==
*[[Anton Bakov]], politician and entrepreneur
*[[Andrey Fedyaev]],  Russian cosmonaut
*[[Gennadiy Seleznyov]], politician
*[[Kostya Tszyu]], boxer
*[[Nikita Grebenkin]], Profesional NHL Hockey Player (Toronto Maple Leafs)

==References==
[[File:Храм во имя Преображения Господня в Серове.jpg|thumb|Church of the Annunciation in Serov]]

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sve|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sve|mun|list}}

==External links==
*[http://www.adm-serov.ru/ Official website of Serovsky Urban Okrug] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.serovmet.ru/en/ Official website of the A. K. Serov Metallurgical Plant] {{in lang|en|ru}}
*[http://www.sfap.ru/ Official website of the Serov Ferro-alloys Plant] {{in lang|ru}}

{{Sverdlovsk Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sverdlovsk Oblast]]