View source for Serbs in Hungary

{{stack|{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Serbs of Hungary<br><small>Magyarországi szerbek<br>Срби у Мађарској <br> Srbi u Mađarskoj</small>
| caption  = Flag of the Serbian minority in Hungary
| population  = '''7,210''' (2011)<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=2011 census|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_orsz_2011.pdf}}</ref>
| popplace = [[Budapest]], [[Szentendre]], [[Lórév]] (Lovra)
| region1 = {{flag|Pest County}}
| pop1 = 1,376
| ref1 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tablak_teruleti_01|title=Területi adatok – Budapest|website=www.ksh.hu}}</ref>
| region2 = {{flag|Csongrád County}}
| pop2 = 1,292
| ref2 =  <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tablak_teruleti_06|title=Területi adatok – Csongrád megye|website=www.ksh.hu}}</ref>
| region3 = {{flag|Baranya County}}
| pop3 = 606
| ref3 =  <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tablak_teruleti_02|title=Területi adatok – Baranya megye|website=www.ksh.hu}}</ref>
| region4 = {{flag|Békés County}}
| pop4 = 412
| ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tablak_teruleti_04|title=Területi adatok – Békés megye|website=www.ksh.hu}}</ref>
| rels     = Predominantly [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] 
|langs     = [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| related  = [[Serbs]]
}}
{{Serbs}}}}
The '''Serbs in Hungary''' ({{langx|hu|Magyarországi szerbek}}, {{langx|sr|Срби у Мађарској}} / {{lang|sr-Latn|Srbi u Mađarskoj}}) are recognized as an [[Minority group|ethnic minority]], numbering 7,210 people or 0.1% of the total population (2011 census).<ref name=2011census/> The number of Serbs in Hungary has drastically diminished; in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries large Serb communities existed throughout Hungary, notably in [[Buda]] (western [[Budapest]]), [[Baja, Hungary|Baja]], [[Szentendre]] and [[Szeged]]. The Serb community in the territory of present-day Hungary has its origin in migrations from the territory of medieval Serbian states during and after the Ottoman conquest of these states. [[Matthias Corvinus]] and his successors are known to have welcomed Serbs from the other side of the Danube, giving the exiled military commanders fiefdoms to rule and defend from the Ottomans. After the dissolution of Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1918 and after new borders were defined by the [[Treaty of Trianon]] in 1920, only a small fraction of ethnic Serbs remained within the borders of post-Trianon [[Hungary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smedia.rs/spress/vest/43/Srbi-u-Madjarskoj-Ljubomir-Aleksov-Miodrag-Jaksic-Ministarstvo-za-dijasporu-srpski-nacionalni-interes-Manje-od-pet-hiljada-Srba-u-Madjarskoj.html|title=Najnovije vesti, Beograd, Srbija, Smedia|website=Smedia}}</ref>

==History==
{{Refimprove|section|date=April 2023}}
The presence of Serbs in the territory of present-day Hungary date from the [[Middle Ages]]. The mother of the Hungarian king [[Géza II of Hungary|Géza II]] (1141-1162) was [[Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary|Helena of Serbia]], a daughter of [[Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia|Uroš I]], ruler of the [[Grand Principality of Serbia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Berend |first1=Nora |last2=Urbańczyk |first2=Przemysław |last3=Wiszewski |first3=Przemysław |title=Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300 |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521781565 |page=248 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNgaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA248}}</ref> During the rule of Géza II, her brother [[Beloš Vukanović]] was a [[Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)|palatine]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=M. Bak |editor1-first=János |editor2-last=Veszprémy |editor2-first=László |title=he Illuminated Chronicle: Chronicle of the Deeds of the Hungarians from the Fourteenth-Century Illuminated Codex |date=2018 |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=9789633862650 |page=308 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPeZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA308}}</ref> When the Magyars arrived to the Pannonian Basin under Arpad in 896, they met there with Slavic, Avar and other populations. These populations however were quickly assimilated. The Serbs who later migrated into the Pannonian Basin from the Balkans, were the descendants of those Slavs who in the 7th century migrated from the Pannonian Basin southwards into the Balkan peninsula. 

Since the 14th century, escaping from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] threat, a large number of [[Serbs]] migrated to the Kingdom of Hungary where many of them served as soldiers. After the [[Battle of Mohács]] in 1526, much of the territory of present-day Hungary came under Ottoman administration. During Ottoman administration towns in the territory of present-day Hungary began decaying and the former Hungarian and German population left them. In that time, especially in the 17th century, many Serb, and other South Slavic migrants settled in the territory of present-day Hungary. It is interesting that most of the Ottoman soldiers in the territory of present-day Hungary were [[South Slavs]] (mostly Serbs and Bosnian muslims).

[[File:Frontiersman from Pomorišje, by Martin Engelbrecht.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Frontiersman from [[Pomorišje]], first half of the 18th century.]]
After territory of present-day Hungary came under [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] administration, a new wave of Serb refugees migrated to the area in 1690, as a consequence of the Habsburg-Ottoman war.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Veremēs |first1=Thanos |last2=Kōphos |first2=Euangelos |title=Kosovo: Avoiding Another Balkan War |date=1998 |publisher=Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy |isbn=9789607061409 |page=181}}</ref> After the devastating Ottoman wars these cities had a very low population.

In 1698, more than a half of population of [[Pécs]] were South Slavs (including Serbs). In 1715, the population of [[Buda]] numbered 1,539 houses, of which 769 were South Slavic (mostly Serb), 701 German, and 68 Hungarian. In 1715, the population of [[Baja, Hungary|Baja]] numbered 237 houses, of which 216 were South Slavic (Serb and [[Bunjevci|Bunjevac]]), 16 Hungarian, and 5 German. In 1720, 88% of population of [[Szentendre]] were South Slavs (mostly Serbs). In 1720, the population of [[Szeged]] numbered 193 houses, of which 99 were Serb.

[[File:Serb Orthodox Museum and Church IMG 0492 serb museum szentendre.JPG|thumb|right|170px|Serbian Orthodox Museum and Church in [[Szentendre]]]]
During the 18th and 19th century, the Hungarian-Serb ethnic border moved southward and fixed in the territory of present-day [[Vojvodina]]. Following the dissolution of [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy]] in 1918, the Serbian army and [[Banat, Bačka and Baranja|South Slavic People's Administration]] from [[Novi Sad]] controlled not only present-day Vojvodina, but also southern parts of present-day Hungary.

The [[Treaty of Trianon]] from 1920 defined the border between Hungary and the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] and assigned most of [[Baranya (region)|Baranya]] and the northern part of [[Bácska]] (around city of [[Baja, Hungary|Baja]]) to Hungary. As a response to this, a short-lived Serb-Hungarian [[Baranya-Baja Republic]] was formed in this area in 1921. The president of the republic was Serb, [[Petar Dobrović]].

After the Serb-Croat-Slovene army evacuated the territory of the ''Baranya-Baja Republic'' the two countries signed a citizenship treaty. According to that treaty, members of the Serb minority in Hungary gained right to opt for citizenship of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. About two-thirds of the Serbs (called ''optants'') left Hungary in the following decade. Almost the whole Serb population of [[Sárok]], [[Deszk]], [[Újszentiván]], [[Szőreg]], [[Majs]] and [[Dunaszekcső]] became optants.

In 1910, 26,248 people in the territory of present-day Hungary spoke [[Serbian language|Serbian]]. In 1920, number of Serbian speakers was 17,132, in 1930 7,031, in 1941 5,442, in 1970 11,177, in 1980 3,426, in 1990 2,953, 2001 3,388  and in 2011 3,708(compared with 7,210 declared Serbs in the same year).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepszamlalas.hu/eng/volumes/24/tables/load1_3_1.html|title=Központi Statisztikai Hivatal|website=www.nepszamlalas.hu}}</ref><ref name=2011census/>

==Geography==
[[File:Cornerhouse. Cafe - 74, Váci Street, Budapest District V, Hungary (Szerb St. cnr).JPG|thumb|left|200px|Serbian Street (“''Szerb utca''”) in [[Budapest]]]]
Small Serb communities are scattered in the southern part of the country. There are also some Serbs who live in the central part of the country - in bigger towns like [[Budapest]], [[Szentendre]], etc. The only settlement with an ethnic Serb majority in Hungary is [[Lórév]] (Serbian: Lovra / Ловра) on [[Csepel Island]]. This small village of 307 people had 180 Serb inhabitants (and 202 people with a Serb "cultural heritage"). But there are other small Serb settlements in the town of [[Ráckeve]] and the village of [[Szigetcsép]], also on Csepel Island. Not far to the north the [[Bunjevci]] settlement of [[Tököl]] is to be found. A tradition of mutual weddings between [[Lórév]] and [[Tököl]] existed as well as strong connections with Serbs from the villages of Medina in the south, three villages north of [[Budapest]] -- [[Budakalasz]], [[Pomáz]] and [[Csobánka]]. We also find Serbs and Bunjevci living together in other Hungarian towns, [[Baja, Hungary|Baja]], [[Gara, Hungary|Gara]] and [[Katymár]], and in the following villages, [[Csávoly]], [[Felsőszentiván]], [[Bácsalmás]], [[Csikéria]], [[Bácsbokod]], [[Mátételke]] and [[Vaskút]].{{cn|date=April 2023}}

==Heritage==
[[File:Serbian Orthodox Church, 2005 Rackeve05 036.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Serbian Kovin Monastery]] built in 1487]]
[[File:Srpska gimnazija u Budimpešti.jpg|thumb|[[Serbian Kindergarten, Primary School, High School and Students' Home]]]]
[[File:Embassy of Serbia Budapest.jpg|thumb|right|Embassy of Serbia (“''Serbian house''”) across the [[Hősök tere|Heroes Square]] in [[Budapest]]]]
Serbs left a valuable architectural heritage in [[Hungary]]. The number of [[Serbian Orthodox]] churches is higher than we should expect by the small number of present-day Serb population. These [[Baroque]] churches were mostly built in the 18-19th centuries when Serb merchants formed rich and influential communities in Hungarian towns. Village churches show the historical presence of Serbs in places from where they absolutely disappeared by now.

Towns, cultural institutions, churches and monasteries:

* The most complex example of Serb architectural heritage in Hungary is the old town of [[Szentendre]] (Serbian: ''Sentandreja''), next to the [[Danube]], with 7 Orthodox Churches (two of which have been sold), brightly coloured merchant houses and the [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Museum of Serbian Orthodox Heritage]] and the [[Archive of the Eparchy of Buda]].
* In [[Budapest]], the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral in the [[Tabán]] district was damaged in WWII and later demolished. There is an old Serbian Orthodox Church in Serb Street, [[Pest (city)|Pest]] and the famous Serb college, [[Sava Tekelija|Thökölyanum]] (Serbian: ''Tekelijanum'').
* Churches in [[Vác]] (''Vac''), [[Székesfehérvár]] (''Stoni Beograd'') with a Serbian open-air village museum, [[Szeged]] (''Segedin''), [[Baja, Hungary|Baja]] (''Baja'') with two churches, [[Mohács]] (''Mohač''), [[Siklós]] (''Šikloš''), [[Eger]] (''Jegra''), [[Győr]] (''Đur''), [[Esztergom]] (''Ostrogon''), [[Hódmezővásárhely]] (''Vašarhelj''), [[Adony]] (''Džuntaran'', demolished after World War II).
* Village churches in [[Pomáz]] (''Pomaz''), [[Csobánka]] (''Čobanac''), [[Szentendre|Izbég]], [[Ráckeve]] (''Srpski Kovin'', rare example of Serb [[Gothic architecture]] from the 15th century), [[Lórév]] (''Lovra''), [[Szigetcsép]] (''Čip''), [[Budakalász]] (''Kalaz''), [[Magyarcsanád]] (''Čanad''), [[Battonya]] (''Batanja''), [[Deszk]] (''Deska''), [[Szőreg]] (''Sirig''), [[Dunapentele]] (''Pantelija'', now [[Dunaújváros]]), [[Százhalombatta]] (''Bata''), [[Dunaföldvár]] (''Feldvar''), [[Alsónána]] (''Donja Nana''), [[Bátaszék]] (''Batsek'', demolished in the 1960s), [[Medina, Hungary|Medina]] (''Medina''), [[Illocska]] (''Iločac''), [[Magyarbóly]] (''Madžarboja''), [[Dunaszekcső]] (''Sečuj''), [[Villány]] (''Viljan''), [[Sárok]] (''Šarok''), [[Majs]] (''Majš''), [[Lippó]] (''Lipova''), [[Beremend]] (''Breme''), [[Erdősmecske]] (''Racmečka''), [[Somberek]] (''Šumberak''), [[Véménd]] (''Vemend'', demolished in 1964), [[Nagybudmér]] (''Veliki Budmir'', demolished in 2001), [[Hercegszántó]] (''Santovo''), [[Újszentiván]] (''Novi Sentivan''), [[Pécsvárad]] (''Pečvar'', demolished in 1925), [[Liptód]] (''Litoba'', demolished in 1951).
*The Serbian Orthodox Monastery of [[Grábóc]] (''Grabovac'').

==Notable people==	
{{main|List of Habsburg Serbs}}	
{{image array|perrow=9|width=80|height=100| border-width = 1	
| image1 = Arsenije III.jpg| caption1 = [[Arsenije III Čarnojević|A. Čarnojević]]	
| image2 = Vitkovicsmihaly.jpg| caption2 = [[Mihailo Vitković|M. Vitkovics]]	
| image4 = Vukovics Sebő.jpg| caption4 = [[Sebő Vukovics]]	
| image3 = Sava Tekelija by Mor Than.jpg| caption3 = [[Sava Tekelija]]	
| image6 = Jakov Ignjatovic Novak Radonić.jpg| caption6 = [[Jakov Ignjatović]]	
| image7 = Sztojay-official portrait 1944.jpg| caption7 = [[Döme Sztójay]]	
| image8 = Miloš Crnjanski 1914.jpg| caption8 = [[Miloš Crnjanski]]	
| image9 = Radovan Jelašić crop.jpg| caption9 = [[Radovan Jelašić]]
}}
[[File:Vitkovicsmihaly.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Mihály Vitkovics]] (Mihailo Vitković)]]
Notable Serbs and notable persons of Serb descent from the territory of present-day Hungary include:


*[[Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary|Helena]] (ca. 1109–1146), [[List of Hungarian consorts|Queen consort of Hungary]].
*[[Jovan Avakumović (poet)|Jovan Avakumović]] (1748–1810), poet. Born in [[Szentendre]].
*[[Miloš Crnjanski]] (1893–1977), Serbian poet, author, and a diplomat. Born in [[Csongrád]].
*[[János Damjanich]] (born Jovan Damjanić)  (1804–1849), a general of the Hungarian army in 1848/1849 revolution.
*[[Károly Knezić]] and János Damjanich were two of [[The 13 Martyrs of Arad]] of Serbian descent.
*[[Petar Dobrović]] (1890–1942), a painter, politician, and president of the short lived [[Baranya-Baja Republic]].
*[[Soma Orlai Petrich]] (1822–1880), Hungarian painter whose father was Serbian.
*[[Konstantin Danil]], a well-known painter of Serbo-Russian roots.
*[[Jakov Ignjatović]] (1822–1899), Serb novelist and prose writer. Born in [[Szentendre]].
*[[Radovan Jelašić]] (born in 1968 in Baja), a governor of the National Bank of Serbia.
*[[Vikentije Jovanović]] (1698–1737),  Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan of Karlovci from 1732 to 1737
*[[Jovan Pačić]] (1771–1849), poet and officer. He was born in [[Baja, Hungary|Baja]].
*[[Zorán Sztevanovity]] (Zoran Stevanović) (born in 1942), singer, guitar player.
*[[Döme Sztójay]] (Dimitrije Stojaković) (1883–1946), a Hungarian soldier and diplomat of Serbian origin, who served as Prime Minister of Hungary during World War II.
*[[Sava Tekelija]] (1761–1842), the first Serb doctor of law, president of the Matica srpska, philanthropist, noble, and merchant.
*[[Mihály Vitkovics]] (Mihailo Vitković) (1778–1829), Hungarian and Serb poet.
*[[Sebo Vukovics]] (Sava Vuković) (1811–1872), a Hungarian politician of Serb descent, who served as Minister of Justice in 1849 during the Hungarian Revolution.
*[[Emil Uzelac]], one of the earlier aviators.
*[[Béni Kállay]], a Hungarian statesman of Serbian roots.
*[[Gavrilo Rodić]], one of the highest ranking generals in the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces in the 19th century.
*[[Jeronim Ljubibratić]] in 1730 joined the regiment of [[Grenzer]].
*[[Dragomir Dujmov]], A Serbian poet, born in Hungary.
*[[Rajko Tomović]], Serbian scientist, born in Hungary.
*[[Milo Dor]], Austrian writer of Serbian origin, born in Hungary.
Sportspeople:
*[[Momčilo Tapavica]] (1872–1949), Hungarian tennis player, weightlifter and wrestler
*[[Natasa Dusev-Janics|Nataša Janić]], Hungarian canoer, Serbian-born
*[[Bojana Radulović]], Hungarian handball player, Serbian-born
*[[Nenad Puljezević]], Hungarian handball player, Serbian-born
*[[Nikola Eklemović]], Hungarian handball player, Serbian-born
*[[Milorad Krivokapić (handballer)|Milorad Krivokapić]], Hungarian handball player, Serbian-born
*[[Uroš Vilovski]], Hungarian handball player, Serbian-born
*[[Tijana Krivačević]], Hungarian basketball player, Serbian-born
*[[Predrag Bošnjak]], Hungarian football player, Serbian-born
*[[Nemanja Nikolić (footballer, born 1987)|Nemanja Nikolić]], Hungarian football player, Serbian-born
Serb noble families:
*[[Jakšić noble family]]
*[[Bakić noble family]]
*[[Radič Božić]]

== See also ==
{{portal|Serbia|Hungary}}
{{colbegin}} 
* [[Hungary–Serbia relations]]
* [[Hungarians in Serbia]]
* [[Rascians]]
* [[:Category:Serbian communities in Hungary|Serbian communities in Hungary]]
* [[History of the Serbs]]
* [[Serbs of Vojvodina]]
* [[Metropolitanate of Karlovci]]
* [[Declaratory Rescript of the Illyrian Nation]] 
* [[Serbian Kindergarten, Primary School, High School and Students' Home]]
* [[Rác (surname)]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|2}}
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{{refend}}
{{Ethnic groups in Hungary}}
{{Serbian diaspora}}
{{Portal bar|Hungary|Serbia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Serbs in Hungary}}
[[Category:Serbs of Hungary| ]]
[[Category:Serbian Orthodox Church in Hungary]]
[[Category:Serb minorities|Hungary]]
[[Category:Hungarian people of Serbian descent|*]]
[[Category:Serb communities in Hungary]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Hungary]]
[[Category:Serbian diaspora in Europe|Hungary]]
[[Category:Serbian diaspora|Hungary]]
[[Category:Serb diaspora|Hungary]]