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{{Short description|Type of judge in Scotland}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Scots law}}

The '''senators of the College of Justice in Scotland''' are judges of the [[College of Justice]], a set of legal institutions involved in the [[administration of justice]] in Scotland. There are three types of senator: Lords of Session (judges of the [[Court of Session]]); Lords Commissioners of Justiciary (judges of the [[High Court of Justiciary]]); and the Chairman of the [[Scottish Land Court]]. Whilst the High Court and Court of Session historically maintained separate judiciary, these are now identical, and the term ''senator'' is almost exclusively used in referring to the judges of these courts.

Senators of the college use the [[judicial courtesy title]] of ''Lord'' or ''Lady'' along with a surname or a territorial name. Note, however, that some senators have a [[peerage]] title, which would be used instead of the senatorial title. All senators of the college have the honorific, ''[[The Honourable]]'', before their titles, while those who are also [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|privy counsellor]]s or [[Peerage|peers]] have the honorific, ''[[The Right Honourable]]''. Senators are made privy counsellors upon promotion to the [[Inner House]], the senior part of the Court of Session.

Under section 11 of the [[Treason Act 1708]], it is treason to kill a senator of the College of Justice "sitting in Judgment in the Exercise of their Office within Scotland".

==History==
[[Henry Lauder, Lord St Germains]], [[Lord Advocate|King's Advocate]], was one of the nine advocates appointed at the institution of the College of Justice.<ref>Dalrymple of Hailes, Bt., Sir David, ''An Historical Account of the Senators of the College of Justice of Scotland from its Institution'', Edinburgh, 1849, p.63.</ref>

Originally, some [[Great Officers of State|officers of state]] were included as senators, including the [[Lord Advocate]], [[Lord Clerk Register]], [[List of Masters of Requests#Masters of Requests (Scotland)|Master of Requests]] and the [[Secretary of State, Scotland|Secretary of State]].

==List of senators==
The [[Court of Session Act 1988]], when enacted, limited the number of senators of the College of Justice (aside from the chairman of the [[Scottish Land Court]], who ranks as a senator) to 24.<ref name="act_1988_c36_s1">Court of Session Act 1988, [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/36/section/1/enacted s. 1].</ref> This was subsequently increased to 25 in 1991,<ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1991/2884/article/2/made The Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 1991.]</ref> 27 in 1993,<ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1993/3154/article/2/made The Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 1993.]</ref> 32 in 1999,<ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/1999/158/article/2/made The Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 1999.]</ref> 34 in 2004,<ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2004/499/article/2/made The Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 2004.]</ref> 35 in 2016,<ref name="2016-ssi-423">{{cite legislation Scotland|type=ssi|year=2016|number=423|ssi=The Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 2016}}</ref> and most recently 36 by The Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 2022.<ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2022/96/article/2/made The Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 2022.]</ref> The current judges are as follows.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.judiciary.scot/home/judiciary/judicial-office-holders/senators-of-the-college-of-justice |title=Senators of the College of Justice |publisher=Judiciary of Scotland |accessdate=22 November 2022}}</ref>

===Inner House===
The Lord President is the president of the First Division, and the Lord Justice Clerk is the president of the Second Division.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! !! Senator !! Mandatory retirement !! Inner House appointment !! [[Outer House]] appointment !! Division
|-
| 1 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Pentland|Paul Cullen, Lord Pentland}} <br/> ([[Lord President of the Court of Session|Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General]]) || align=center | {{dts|11 March 2032}}|| align="center" | {{dts|July 2020}}|| align="center" | {{dts|November 2008}}|| {{sort|11|First}}
|-
| 2 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Beckett|John Beckett, Lord Beckett}} <br/> ([[Lord Justice Clerk]]) || || align="center" | {{dts|1 July 2023}}|| align="center" | {{dts|17 May 2016}}|| {{sort|20|Second}}
|-
| 3 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lady|Paton|Ann Paton, Lady Paton}} || align=center | {{dts|2027}}|| align="center" | {{dts|April 2007}} || align=center | {{dts|January 2000}} || {{sort|21|Second}}
|-
| 4 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Malcolm|Colin Campbell, Lord Malcolm}} || align=center | {{dts|1 October 2028}}|| align="center" | {{dts|1 July 2014}} || align=center | {{dts|2007}} || {{sort|22|Second}}
|-
| 5 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Doherty|Raymond Doherty, Lord Doherty}} || align="center" | {{dts|30 January 2033}}|| align="center" | {{dts|December 2020}}|| align="center" | {{dts|May 2010}}|| {{sort|12|First}}
|-
| 6 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Matthews|Hugh Matthews, Lord Matthews}} || align="center" | {{dts|4 December 2028}} || align="center" | {{dts|August 2021}}|| align="center" | {{dts|2007}}|| {{sort|23|Second}}
|-
| 7 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Tyre|Colin Tyre, Lord Tyre}} || align="center" | {{dts|17 April 2031}} || align="center" | {{dts|5 January 2022}}|| align="center" | {{dts|May 2010}}|| {{sort|13|First}}
|-
| 8 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lady|Wise|Morag Wise, Lady Wise}} || align="center" | {{dts|22 January 2033}}|| align="center" | {{dts|5 January 2022}}|| align="center" | {{dts|6 February 2013}}|| {{sort|14|First}}
|-
| 9 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Armstrong|Iain Armstrong, Lord Armstrong}} || align="center" | {{dts|26 May 2031}}|| align="center" | {{dts|23 June 2023}}|| align="center" | {{dts|15 February 2013}}|| {{sort|24|Second}}
|-
| 10 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Clark|Alistair Clark, Lord Clark}} || align="center" | {{dts|3 December 2030}}|| align="center" | {{dts|23 September 2024}}|| align="center" | {{dts|24 May 2016}}|| {{sort|15|First}}
|-
| 11 || {{sortname|The Rt. Hon. Lord|Ericht|Andrew Stewart, Lord Ericht}} || align="center" | {{dts|12 September 2038}}|| align="center" | {{dts|3 February 2025}}|| align="center" | {{dts|31 May 2016}}|| {{sort|15|First}}
|-
| 12 || {{sortname|The Rt. Hon. Lady|Carmichael|Ailsa Carmichael, Lady Carmichael}} || align="center" | {{dts|26 November 2044}}|| align="center" | {{dts|3 February 2025}}|| align="center" | {{dts|30 June 2016}}|| {{sort|25|Second}}
|}

===Outer House===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! !! Senator !! Mandatory retirement !! Appointment
|-
| 13 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Brailsford|Neil Brailsford, Lord Brailsford}} || align=center | {{dts|16 August 2029}}|| align="center" | {{dts|2006}}
|-
| 14 || {{sortname|The Rt. Hon. Lord|Mulholland|Frank Mulholland, Lord Mulholland}} || align="center" | {{dts|18 April 2034}}|| align="center" | {{dts|15 December 2016}}
|-
| 15 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Summers|Alan Summers, Lord Summers}} || align="center" |{{dts|27 August 2039}}|| align="center" | {{dts|17 March 2017}}
|-
| 16 || [[Paul Arthurson, Lord Arthurson|The Hon. Lord Arthurson]]|| align="center" |{{dts|16 December 2039}}|| align="center" | {{dts|17 March 2017}}
|-
| 17 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Fairley|John Douglas Fairley, Lord Fairley}} || align="center" |{{dts|20 February 2043}}|| align="center" | {{dts|13 January 2020}}
|-
| 18 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lady|Poole|Anna Poole, Lady Poole}} || align="center" |{{dts|11 August 2045}}|| align="center" | {{dts|13 January 2020}}
|-
| 19 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Harrower|Sean Smith, Lord Harrower}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" | {{dts|17 February 2020}}
|-
| 20 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Weir|Robert Weir, Lord Weir}} || align="center" |{{dts|21 Feb 2042}}|| align="center" | {{dts|6 April 2020}}
|-
| 21 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Braid|Peter Braid, Lord Braid}} || align="center" |{{dts|6 March 2033}}|| align="center" | {{dts|22 June 2020}}
|-
| 22 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Sandison|Craig Sandison, Lord Sandison}} || align="center" |{{dts|30 May 2041}}|| align="center" | {{dts|1 March 2021}}
|-
| 23 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lady|Haldane|Shona Haldane, Lady Haldane}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" | {{dts|1 March 2021}}
|-
| 24 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Richardson|Martin Richardson, Lord Richardson}} || align="center" | {{dts|26 August 2049}}|| align="center" | {{DTS|1 March 2021}}
|-
| 25 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lady|Drummond|Lorna Drummond}} || align="center" | {{dts|19 December 2042}}|| align="center" | {{DTS|16 May 2022}}
|-
| 26 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Young|nolink=1}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" |{{dts|16 May 2022}}
|-
| 27 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Lake|Jonathan Lake, Lord Lake}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" | {{dts|16 May 2022}}
|-
| 28 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Scott|John Scott, Lord Scott}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" | {{DTS|16 May 2022}}
|-
| 29 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Stuart|nolink=1}} || align="center" | {{dts|24 April 2041}}|| align="center" | {{DTS|16 May 2022}}
|-
| 30 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Colbeck|Craig Turnbull, Lord Colbeck}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" |{{DTS|19 May 2023}}
|-
| 31 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Cubie|nolink=1}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" |{{DTS|17 June 2024}}
|-
| 32 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lady|Hood|nolink=1}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" |{{DTS|17 June 2024}}
|-
| 33 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Renucci|nolink=1}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" |{{DTS|17 June 2024}}
|-
| 34 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lady|Ross|nolink=1}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" |{{DTS|17 June 2024}}
|-
| 35 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lady|Tait|nolink=1}} || <!--align="center" |{{dts|DATE}}-->|| align="center" |{{DTS|5 February 2025}}
|-
| 36 ||{{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Duthie|Euan Duthie, Lord Duthie}} || align="center" |{{dts|27 June 2050}}|| align="center" |{{DTS|9 January 2023}}
|}

==Retired judges==
There are also some retired judges who still sit occasionally in the [[Court of Session]] or the [[Court of Criminal Appeal (Scotland)|Court of Criminal Appeal]] to hear cases if needed when there is a shortage of available judges. They are also called senators of the College of Justice. As of 2022, 7 retired judges are available to sit as judges:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! !! Senator !! Becomes ineligible to act as a judge !! Appointment !! Retirement
|-
| 1 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Clarke|Matthew Clarke, Lord Clarke}} || align=center | {{dts|2022}} || align=center | {{dts|2000}} || align=center | {{dts|2016}}
|-
| 2 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Kingarth|Derek Emslie, Lord Kingarth}} || align=center | {{dts|21 June 2024}} || align=center | {{dts|1997}} || align=center | {{dts|2010}}
|-
| 3 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lady|Clark|Lynda Clark, Baroness Clark of Calton}} || align=center | {{dts|26 February 2024}} || align=center | {{dts|2006}} || align=center | {{dts|2019}}
|-
| 4 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Brodie|Philip Brodie, Lord Brodie}} || align=center | {{dts|14 July 2025}} || align=center | {{dts|2002}} || align=center | {{dts|2020}}
|-
| 5 || {{sortname|The Rt Hon. Lord|Drummond Young|James Drummond Young, Lord Drummond Young}} || align=center |2025|| align=center | {{dts|2001}} || align=center | {{dts|2020}}
|-
| 6 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lady|Rae|Rita Rae, Lady Rae}} || align=center | {{dts|20 June 2025}} || align=center | {{dts|14 January 2014}} || align=center | {{dts|2020}}
|-
| 7 || {{sortname|The Hon. Lord|Uist|Roderick Macdonald, Lord Uist}} || align=center | {{dts|1 February 2026}} || align=center | {{dts|April 2006}} || align=center | {{dts|2021}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[Historic list of senators of the College of Justice]]
* [[Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]]
* [[List of judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales]]
* [[List of High Court judges of England and Wales]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.judiciary.scot/home/judiciary/judicial-office-holders/senators-of-the-college-of-justice Biographies of Senators]

{{Court of Session}}
{{Senators of the College of Justice}}
{{High Court of Justiciary}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Senator Of The College Of Justice}}
[[Category:Senators of the College of Justice| ]]
[[Category:Judiciary of Scotland]]
[[Category:College of Justice]]
[[Category:Lists of judges in Scotland]]