View source for Seagram

{{Short description|Former Canadian multinational conglomerate}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox company
| name = The Seagram Company Ltd.
| logo = [[File:Seagram_logo.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| trade_name = Seagram's
| type = 
| traded_as = {{TSX was|VO}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seagram.com/company_info/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000303100245/http://www.seagram.com/company_info/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2000-03-03|title=Seagram shareholders website}}</ref><br>{{NYSE was|VO}}
| industry = [[Drink industry|Beverages]]
| fate = [[Reorganization|Broken up]]:<br>
* Core business assets split and acquired by [[Diageo]], [[Pernod Ricard]] and Infinium Spirits
* Universal Studios's television operations acquired by [[USA Networks]]
* Remaining assets acquired by [[Vivendi]]
| successors = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1857}}, in [[Waterloo, Ontario]], Canada
| defunct = {{End date and age|2000}}
| location_city = [[Montreal]], Quebec
| location_country = Canada
| locations = {{Plainlist|
* [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]]
* [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]]
* [[Oshawa]]
* [[Brampton]]
* [[Saskatoon]]
* [[Edmonton]]
* [[Burnaby]]
* [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]]
* [[New York City]]
}}
| key_people = [[Joseph E. Seagram]]<br>[[Bronfman family]]
| products = [[Alcoholic beverage]]s, [[Ginger ale]], [[Tonic water]], [[Club soda]]
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20111011084729/http://www.seagram.com/ www.seagram.com (archived)]
}}

'''The Seagram Company Ltd.''' (which [[trade name|traded]] as '''Seagram's''') was a Canadian multinational beverage and during the last few years of its existence, entertainment [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] formerly headquartered in [[Montreal]], Quebec. Originally a [[Distilled beverage|distiller]] of [[Canadian whisky]] based in [[Waterloo, Ontario]], it was in the 1990s the largest owner of [[alcoholic beverage]] brands in the world.

Toward the end of its independent existence, it also controlled various entertainment and other business ventures. Its purchase of [[MCA Inc.]], whose assets included [[Universal Pictures]] and its [[theme park]]s, was financed through the sale of Seagram's 25% holding of chemical company [[DuPont]], a position it acquired in 1981.

Unable to maintain financial stability, Seagram later imploded, with its beverage assets sold to industry titans [[Diageo]] and [[Pernod Ricard]]. Universal's television holdings were sold to [[Barry Diller]], and the balance of the Universal entertainment empire and what was Seagram was sold to French conglomerate [[Vivendi]] in 2000.

==History==
In 1857, Waterloo Distillery was founded in [[Waterloo, Ontario]], Canada. [[Joseph E. Seagram]] became a partner with [[George Randall (mayor)|George Randall]], William Roos and [[William Hespeler]] in 1869 and sole owner in 1883, and the company became known as Joseph E. Seagram & Sons. Many decades later, in 1924, [[Samuel Bronfman]] and his brothers founded Distillers Corporation Limited, in Montreal, which enjoyed substantial growth in the 1920s, in part due to [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] instituted in the United States in 1919. The Distillers Corporation Limited name was derived from a [[United Kingdom]] company called [[The Distillers Company|Distillers Company Limited]], which controlled the leading brands of whisky in the UK, and which was doing business with the Bronfmans.<ref>Graham D. Taylor, [https://thebhc.org/sites/default/files/taylor_0.pdf ''"From Shirtsleeves to Shirtless": The Bronfman Dynasty and the Seagram Empire''], Business History Conference, 2006.</ref><ref name="Faith2006">{{Cite book |last=Faith |first=Nicholas |title=The Bronfmans: The Rise and Fall of the House of Seagram |date=2006 |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books}}</ref>

In 1923, the Bronfmans purchased the Greenbrier Distillery in the United States, dismantled it, shipped it to Canada, and reassembled it in [[LaSalle, Quebec]].<ref>Davin de Kergommeaux, ''Canadian Whiskey: The Portable Expert'' (2012) {{ISBN|978-0-7710-2745-1}}.</ref> The Bronfmans shipped liquor from Canada to the French-controlled [[overseas collectivity]] [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] off the then–[[Dominion of Newfoundland]], which was then shipped by bootleggers to [[rum row]]s in New York, New Jersey and other states.<ref name="Okrent2010">Daniel Okrent, [https://books.google.com/books?id=MJbBqn3XWqAC&pg=PA343&lpg=PA343 ''Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition''], p. 343. (2010, Simon & Schuster) {{ISBN|978-0-7432-7702-0}}.</ref><ref name="Faith2006" />

In 1928, a few years after the death of Joseph E. Seagram in 1919, the Distillers Corporation acquired Joseph E. Seagram & Sons from heir and President [[Edward F. Seagram]]; the merged company retained the Seagram name. The company was prepared for the end of Prohibition in 1933 with an ample stock of aged whiskeys, ready to sell to the newly-opened American market.<ref name="Okrent2010" />

Although he was never convicted of criminal activity, Samuel Bronfman's dealings with bootleggers during the Prohibition-era in the United States have been researched by various historians and are documented in various peer-reviewed articles.<ref>Peter C. Newman, ''Bronfman Dynasty: The Rothschilds of the New World'' (1978; U.S. title: ''King of the Castle: The Making of a Dynasty'') {{ISBN|0-7710-6758-5}}.</ref><ref>Okrent, pp. 146–158.</ref>

In the 1930s, when Seagram established business in the United States, it paid a fine of $1.5 million to the US government to settle delinquent excise taxes on liquor illegally exported to the US during Prohibition. The US government had originally asked for $60 million.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=naIyAAAAIBAJ&pg=836,721417 "Bronfman fortune based on ... well ... bootlegging"], ''Ottawa Citizen'', August 19, 1975.</ref>

[[Image:Seagram Distillery Buildings.JPG|thumb|250px|Original Seagram Distillery buildings in [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], now converted to residential condominiums, Seagram Lofts, at 5 Father David Bauer Drive]]

From the 1950s, most of Distillers-Seagram was owned by the four children of Samuel Bronfman, through their holding company [[Cemp Investments]]. The three most popular Seagram distilled products in the 1960s through 1990s were [[Seagram's Seven Crown|Seven Crown]], VO, and [[Crown Royal]].<ref name="Faith2006" />

In 1963, Seagram purchased the Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company for $61 million in cash and a $216 million production payment sale to Glanville Minerals Corporation of New York. Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company was merged Frankfort Oil Company, another oil-producing company owned by Seagram. The new firm was named Texas Pacific Oil Company.<ref>
{{cite web 
| title = Paydirt and the Man from Spotsylvania (Part 3): Oil 
| url =  https://hometownbyhandlebar.com/?p=27529
| date =  May 13, 2019
| work = Hometown by Handlebar 
| accessdate = November 9, 2023}}
</ref> In 1980, the Bronfman heirs sold the Texas Pacific Oil holdings to [[Sun Oil Co.]] for $2.3 billion.<ref name="life">Michael R. Marrus (1991). ''Samuel Bronfman - The Life and Times of Seagram’s Mr. Sam''. Brandeis University Press of New England. {{ISBN|0-87451-571-8}}; pages 372-373.</ref>

After the death of Samuel Bronfman in 1971, [[Edgar Bronfman Sr.]] was named chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) until June 1994 when his son, [[Edgar Bronfman Jr.]], was appointed CEO.<ref>Edgar M. Bronfman, ''Good Spirits: The Making of a Businessman'' (1998) {{ISBN|0399143742}}.</ref>

In 1978, Seagram's took over the [[Stonyfell, South Australia|Stonyfell]] winery in the eastern foothills of [[Adelaide]] from [[Dalgety plc|Dalgety Australia]], around which time the winemaking part of the business at Stonyfell was wound up.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Warburton|first1=Elizabeth |author2=Burnside (S.A.). Corporation |title=The paddocks beneath: a history of Burnside from the beginning |date=1981 |publisher=Corporation of the City of Burnside |isbn=978-0-9593876-0-5}}</ref>

During the early 1980s, Seagram's attempted to acquire [[St. Joe Minerals]]. However, it was outbid by [[Fluor Corporation]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}

In 1981, cash-rich and wanting to diversify, the U.S.-based subsidiary Seagram Company Ltd. attempted to engineer a takeover of [[Conoco|Conoco Inc.]], a major American oil and gas producing company. Although Seagram acquired a 32.2% stake in Conoco, DuPont was brought in as a [[White knight (business)|white knight]] by the oil company and entered the bidding war. Seagram lost the bidding war, though in exchange for its stake in Conoco it became a 24.3% owner of DuPont. By 1995, Seagram was DuPont's largest single shareholder with four seats on its board.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wayne |first=Leslie |date=1985-08-11 |title=SEAGRAM PUTS ITS FAITH IN CHEMICALS |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/11/business/seagram-puts-its-faith-in-chemicals.html |access-date=2023-10-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1986, the company started a TV commercial campaign advertising its Golden [[wine cooler]] products. With [[Bruce Willis]] as pitchman,{{what|date=November 2024}} Seagram rose from fifth place among distillers to first in just two years.<ref>Interview with Bruce Willis, p. 65, ''Playboy'', November 1988.</ref>

[[File:Seagram's Escapes Mickey Beverage Bodies.jpg|thumb|Truck advertising the Seagram's Escapes brand of [[alcopop|ready-to-drink]] alcoholic beverages (2011)]]

In 1987, Seagram engineered a $1.2 billion takeover of French cognac maker [[Martell (cognac)|Martell & Cie]].<ref name="Faith2006" /> 

In 1995, Edgar Bronfman Jr. was eager to enter the film and electronic media business. On April 6, 1995, after being approached by Bronfman, DuPont announced a deal whereby the company would buy back its shares from Seagram for $US9 billion. Seagram was heavily criticized by the investment community; the 24.3% stake in DuPont accounted for 70% of Seagram's earnings. [[S&P Global Ratings|Standard & Poor's]] took the unusual step of stating that the sale of the DuPont interest could result in a downgrade of Seagram's more than $4.2 billion of long-term debt. Bronfman used the proceeds of the sale to acquire a [[controlling interest]] in [[MCA Inc.|MCA]] from [[Panasonic|Matsushita]], whose assets included [[Universal Pictures]] and its [[Universal Destinations & Experiences|theme park]]s a year after.<ref name="Faith2006" />

Later in 1998, Seagram purchased [[PolyGram]] and scattered the assets within [[Universal Studios, Inc.|Universal Studios]], notably both Universal Music Group and Universal Pictures.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shapiro |first=Eben |date=1998-05-11 |title=Seagram Nears PolyGram Purchase After Talks With EMI Fall Apart |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB894849159710492500 |access-date=2024-01-01 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Philips |first=Chuck |last2=Eller |first2=Claudia |date=1998-05-22 |title=Seagram Uncorks $10.6-Billion Deal to Buy PolyGram |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-22-mn-52474-story.html |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seagrams completes PolyGram acquisition - Dec. 10, 1998 |url=https://money.cnn.com/1998/12/10/companies/seagram/ |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=[[CNN Business|CNN Money]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Carver|first1=Benedict|last2=Dawtrey|first2=Adam|date=1999-02-10|title=U to start int'l distrib|url=https://variety.com/1999/film/news/u-to-start-int-l-distrib-1117491165/|access-date=2022-01-09|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref>

The same year, Seagram sold to [[PepsiCo]] its juice business [[Tropicana Products]] that it acquired in 1988 for $3.1 billion.<ref name="Faith2006" />

In 2000, Seagram's entertainment division was sold to [[Vivendi]], and, after Vivendi had acquired French media giant [[Canal+ S.A.|Groupe Canal+]], it became part of the new company, Vivendi Universal, on 11 December 2000.<ref name=oldhist>{{cite web | title=L'histoire du Groupe CANAL+ de 1983 à nos jours | website=Canal+ | date=1 January 2012 | url=https://www.canalplusgroup.com/en/pid163.htm#anch_29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205011344/http://www.canalplusgroup.com/pid163.htm#anch_29 | archive-date=5 February 2012 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

The beverage division was sold to [[Diageo]] and [[Pernod Ricard]]. By the time Vivendi began auctioning off Seagram's beverages business, the once-renowned operation consisted of around 180 alcoholic drink brands and brand extensions in addition to its original high-profile brand names.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diageo, Pernod win Seagram drinks units - Dec. 19, 2000 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/12/19/europe/diageo_seagram/index.htm |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=money.cnn.com}}</ref>

In 2002, [[The Coca-Cola Company]] acquired Seagram's mixers (ginger ale, tonic water, club soda and seltzer water) from Pernod Ricard and Diageo, as well as signing a long-term agreement to use the Seagram name from Pernod Ricard for these products.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2002-05-08 |title=COMPANY NEWS; COKE ACQUIRES SEAGRAM'S LINE OF MIXER DRINKS |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/08/business/company-news-coke-acquires-seagram-s-line-of-mixer-drinks.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-01-01 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

A licence from Pernod Ricard to produce Seagram's Cooler Escapes and Seagram's malt-beverage brands has been held by [[North American Breweries]] (formerly KPS) since 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kesmodel|first=David|date=2009-02-23|title=KPS Buys Beer Operations, Forms Company for Its Brewery Holdings|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123539672926347641|access-date=2020-10-01|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

On April 19, 2006, Pernod Ricard announced that they would be closing the former Seagram distillery in [[Lawrenceburg, Indiana]], US. The distillery was sold in 2007 to [[CL Financial]], a holding company based in [[Trinidad and Tobago]] which then collapsed and required government intervention. They operated the distillery as Lawrenceburg Distillers Indiana. In December 2011, the distillery was purchased by MGP Ingredients, headquartered in Atchison, Kansas.<ref name="mgpingredients">[https://www.mgpingredients.com/more-information/news-press/news-releases/mgp-ingredients-inc-purchase-lawrenceburg-indiana MGP Ingredients Inc. to Purchase Lawrenceburg, Indiana Distillery Assets], company press release, October 21, 2011.</ref> It is now known as [[MGP of Indiana]], and continues to be the source of the components of Seagram's Seven Crown, now owned by Diageo.<ref name="mgpingredients" />

In a 2013 interview with ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[Charles Bronfman]] (uncle of Edgar Jr.) stated about the decisions leading to the demise of Seagram: "It was a disaster, it is a disaster, it will be a disaster. It was a family tragedy."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/careers-leadership/charles-bronfman-opens-up-about-seagrams-demise-it-is-a-disaster/article10816816/|title=Charles Bronfman opens up about Seagram's demise: 'It is a disaster'|last=Slater|first=Joanna|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=April 5, 2013|access-date=2013-04-08}}</ref>

== Distilleries ==
Seagram distilleries by country prior to the dissolution:<ref name="Faith2006" />

=== Canada ===
Seagram distillery

=== Scotland ===
* [[Allt-A-Bhainne distillery]]
* [[BenRiach distillery]]
* [[Braeval distillery]] 
* [[Caperdonich distillery]]
* [[Dalmunach distillery]]
* [[Glen Grant distillery]]
* [[Glen Keith distillery]]
* [[The Glenlivet distillery]]
* [[Longmorn distillery]]
* [[Strathisla distillery]]

=== United States ===
* [[Bulleit Bourbon|Bulleit distillery]]
* [[Maker's Mark|Makers Mark distillery]]

== Brands ==
Seagram's had more than 180 alcohol brands at the time the wine and spirits division sale to [[Diageo]] and [[Pernod Ricard|Pernod-Ricard]]:<ref name="Faith2006" />

* '''Brandy & Cognac''':[[Macieira Brandy|Macieira]], [[Martell (cognac)|Martell]]
* '''Gin''': Seagram's Gin
* '''Liqueurs & Bitters''': [[Dr. McGillicuddy's]], [[Kahlúa]], [[Suze (drink)|Suze]]
* '''Rum''': [[Captain Morgan]], Myers’s, Wood’s, Trelawny
* '''Vodka''': [[Absolut Vodka|Absolut]], [[Nikolai (vodka)|Nikolai]]. Seagram's Vodka
* '''American whiskey''': [[McAfee's Benchmark|The Benchmark]], [[Bulleit Bourbon|Bulleit]], [[Eagle Rare]], [[Four Roses]], [[Kessler Whiskey|Kessler]], [[Maker's Mark|Makers Mark]], [[Seagram's Seven Crown]]. Seagram's 83
* '''Canadian whisky''': [[Crown Royal]], [[Fireball Cinnamon Whisky|Fireball]], Seagram's VO, Seagram's Whisky
* '''Indian whisky''': [[Blenders Pride]], [[Royal Stag]], [[Imperial Blue (whisky)|Imperial Blue]]

* '''Scotch whisky''':
** Single malt Scotch whisky: [[Allt-A-Bhainne distillery|Allt-A-Bhainne]], [[BenRiach distillery|BenRiach]], [[Braeval distillery|Braeval]], [[Caperdonich distillery|Caperdonich]], [[Dalmunach distillery|Dalmunach]], [[Glen Grant distillery|Glen Grant]], [[Glen Keith distillery|Glen Keith]], [[The Glenlivet distillery|The Glenlivet]], [[Longmorn distillery|Longmorn]], [[Strathisla distillery|Strathisla]] 
** Blended Scotch whisky: [[Chivas Regal]], [[Passport Scotch|Passport]], [[Royal Salute (whisky)|Royal Salute]]
* '''Wine''': Chateau St. Jean, Chateau Souverain, California, Gallo of Canada, Mumm Cuvée Napa, Sogrape Vinhos, Tessera, [[Sterling Vineyards]],  The Monterey Vineyard
* '''Champagne''': [[G. H. Mumm|G.H. Mumm]] 
* '''Other''': Seagram's Escapes, Seagram's Ginger Ale, Seagram's Seltzer, Seagram's Tonic Water

== Legacy ==
[[File:NewYorkSeagram 04.30.2008.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Seagram Building]] in New York]]

The Seagram name survives today in various well-known drinks. [[Seagram's Seven Crown]], used to make the American cocktail [[7 and 7]], is produced by [[Diageo]], while Seagram's V.O. is produced by [[Sazerac Company|Sazerac]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Muvija |last2=Geller |first2=Martinne |date=2018-11-12 |title=Diageo to sell 19 brands to U.S.-based Sazerac for $550 million |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-diageo-divestment-idUSKCN1NH0M0 |access-date=2021-08-10 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Several brands of coolers are produced under the Seagram name as of 2022: Seagram's Escapes are produced by [[Genesee Brewing Company|Genesee Brewing]] for the American market, while Seagram Island Time is produced by [[Waterloo Brewing Company|Waterloo Brewing]] for the Canadian market.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cleveland|first=Will|title=Genesee Brewery manager: 'Seagram's Escapes is now our number one brand'|url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2021/03/19/genesee-brewery-parent-company-increase-seagrams-escapes-production/4748516001/|access-date=2022-02-03|website=[[Democrat and Chronicle]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Waterloo Brewing launches Seagram Island Time Coconut Lime Cocktail|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/taste-the-tropics-waterloo-brewing-launches-seagram-island-time-coconut-lime-cocktail-841596302.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=www.newswire.ca|language=en}}</ref> The Coca-Cola Company currently produces Seagram's Ginger Ale soda line since 2002 & made it widely available in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-28 |title=Coca-Cola Launches That Special Seagram's Sparkle Across the U.S. |url=https://investors.coca-colacompany.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/88/coca-cola-launches-that-special-seagrams-sparkle-across |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=The Coca-Cola Company |language=en}}</ref>

Seagram's House, the former company headquarters in Montreal, was donated to [[McGill University]] by [[Vivendi Universal]] in 2002, then renamed [[Martlet House]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Desjardins|first=Sylvain-Jacques|date=2004-04-25|title=Seagram Building reborn as Martlet House|work=McGill Reporter|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/reporter/36/13/martlethouse/|access-date=2009-02-07}}</ref> The landmarked [[Seagram Building]], once the company's American headquarters in [[New York City]], was commissioned by [[Phyllis Lambert]], daughter of Seagram CEO [[Samuel Bronfman]], and designed by architect [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] with [[Philip Johnson]]. Regarded as one of the most notable examples of the [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalist]] aesthetic and a prominent instance of corporate [[modern architecture]], it set the trend for the city's skyline for decades to follow, and has been featured in several Hollywood films. On completion in 1958, its costs made it the world's most expensive skyscraper.<ref name="NYT1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/12/nyregion/on-park-avenue-another-trophy-changes-hands.html|title = On Park Avenue, Another Trophy Changes Hands |newspaper=The New York Times |date=12 October 2000 |last1=Bagli |first1=Charles V.}}</ref> The Bronfman family sold the Seagram building to [[TIAA]] for $70.5 million in 1979.<ref name="NYT2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/21/nyregion/seagram-landmark-move-is-backed.html |title=Seagram Landmark Move is Backed |newspaper=The New York Times |date=21 April 1988 |last1=Dunlap |first1=David W.}}</ref>

The [[Seagram Museum]], formerly the original Seagram distillery in [[Waterloo, Ontario]], was forced to close due to lack of funds in 1997. The building is now the home of the [[Centre for International Governance Innovation]] as well as [[Shopify]]. The two original barrel houses are now the Seagram Lofts condominiums. There were almost {{convert|5|acre|ha}} of open land, upon which the [[Balsillie School of International Affairs]] was subsequently built; construction began in 2009, and was completed in 2010.<ref>[http://cigicampus.cigionline.org/tag/bsia/ "Construction continues on the Balsillie Campus"], July 2, 2010.</ref><ref name="Balsillie school article">{{cite news|last=Mercer|first=Greg|date=January 8, 2009|title=New Balsillie School will be 'functional, not fancy'|newspaper=[[Kitchener Record]]|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/therecord/access/1623151031.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+8,+2009&author=Greg+Mercer&pub=Waterloo+Region+Record&edition=&startpage=B.1&desc=New+Balsillie+school+will+be+%27functional,+not+fancy%27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107202114/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/therecord/access/1623151031.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+8,+2009&author=Greg+Mercer&pub=Waterloo+Region+Record&edition=&startpage=B.1&desc=New+Balsillie+school+will+be+%27functional,+not+fancy%27|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 7, 2012|access-date=2009-08-10}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Liquor|left=yes}}
* [[Seagram Museum]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/6247 Seagram Museum Collection RG 490] – Brock University Library Digital Repository

{{Alcoholic drinks}}
{{Diageo}}
{{Pernod Ricard}}
{{Ginger ales}}
{{Vivendi}}
{{NBCUniversal}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Seagram| ]]
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