View source for Scouting in Russia

{{short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2008}}
'''Scouting in Russia''' comprises several dozen [[Scouting|Scout]] associations, based on religion, politics and geography.

[[File:Imperial Russia Boy Scouts badge.jpg|thumb|140px|The original Boy Scout of the Russian Empire badge, dated circa 1915]]
[[File:Russkiy Skaut.svg|thumb|140px|The traditional Russian membership badge, still used by several organizations, features [[Saint George]] slaying a [[dragon]].]]

==History ==
[[File:Scouting in Russia postcard 1914.jpg|thumb|early postcard of Scouting in Russia]]
[[File:Russian Boy Scouts signaling postcard 1915.jpg|thumb|180px|Russian Boy Scouts Signaling. Postcard, 1915]]
[[File:Russian Boy Scouts postcard 1914-1917.jpg|thumb|180px|Russian Boy Scouts Postcard, 1914-1917]]
[[File:Russian Scout camp prior to 1917.jpg|thumb|180px|Russian Boy Scout camp. Before 1917]]

===1908 to 1922===
In 1908, [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]]'s book ''Scouting for Boys'' came out in Russia by the order of [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]]. It was called ''Young Scout'' ({{lang|ru|Юный Разведчик}}, ''Yuny Razvedchik''). On {{OldStyleDate|April 30|1909|April 17}}, a young officer, Colonel [[Oleg Pantyukhov]], organized the first Russian Scout troop ''Beaver'' ({{lang|ru|Бобр}}, ''Bobr'') in [[Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg|Pavlovsk]], a town near [[Tsarskoye Selo]], St. Petersburg region. From 30 December 1910, Baden-Powell was in Russia for a week or more,<ref>B-P's diary</ref> and visited Nicholas II in Tsarskoye Selo; they had a very pleasant conversation, as the Tsar remembered it. In 1914, Pantyukhov established a [[society]] called ''Russian Scout'' ({{lang|ru|Русский Скаут}}, ''Russkiy Skaut''). The first Russian Scout campfire was lit in the woods of Pavlovsk Park in Tsarskoye Selo. A Russian Scout song exists to remember this event. Scouting spread rapidly across Russia and into [[Siberia]], and by 1916, there were about 50,000 Scouts in Russia. Nicholas' son [[Tsarevich]] [[Tsarevich Alexei of Russia|Aleksei]] was a Scout himself.

With the advent of communism after the [[October Revolution]] of 1917, and during the [[Russian Civil War]] from 1917 to 1922, most of the Scoutmasters and many Scouts fought in the ranks of the [[White Army]] and interventionists against the [[Red Army]].

In Soviet Russia the Scouting system started to be replaced by [[Scouting#Nonaligned and Scout-like organizations|ideologically-altered Scout like organizations]], such as {{lang|ru|"ЮК"}} ({{lang|ru|"Юные Коммунисты"}}, or ''young communists''; pronounced as ''yuk''), that were created since 1918. There was a purge of the Scout leaders, many of whom perished under the [[Bolsheviks]]. Those Scouts who did not wish to accept the new [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] system either left Russia for good, like Pantyukhov and others, or went underground. However, [[Clandestine operation|clandestine]] Scouting did not last long. On May 19, 1922 all of those newly created organizations were united into the [[Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union]], which existed until 1990. From that date, Scouting in the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] was banned.

However, some features of Scouting remained in the modified form. The [[Scout motto]] "Bud' Gotov" ("Be Prepared") was modified into the Pioneer motto "Vsegda Gotov" ("Always Prepared"). Mention of [[God]] was removed, replaced by [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] and the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. There were no separate organizations for girls and boys, and many new features were introduced, like [[Young Pioneer Palace]]s.

===In exile===
The organization then went into exile, and continued in many countries where fleeing White Russian émigrés settled, establishing groups in [[France]], [[Serbia]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Argentina]], [[Chile]], and [[Paraguay]]. A much larger mass of thousands of Russian Scouts moved through [[Vladivostok]] to the east into [[Manchuria]] and south into [[China]].

Colonel Pantyukhov, Chief Scout of Russia, first resided in France and then moved to the United States, where large troops of Russian Scouts were established in cities such as [[San Francisco]], [[Burlingame, California]], and [[Los Angeles]]. He returned to [[Nice, France]] where he died.

Russian Scouting was recognized as a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, in exile, from 1928 to 1945.

Russian Scouting eventually split into two organizations over ideological differences. These are the modern-day [[National Organization of Russian Scouts (Scouts-in-Exile)|National Organization of Russian Scouts]] (NORS) and [[Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders (Scouts-in-Exile)|Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders]] (ORYuR/{{lang|ru|ОРЮР}}). As neither organization was created ''ex nihilo'', they may both be considered legitimate successors to the ''Русский Скаут'' heritage.

===After 1990===
The Scout movement began to reemerge and was reborn within Russia in 1990, when relaxation of government restrictions allowed youth organizations to be formed to fill the void left by the Pioneers, with various factions competing for recognition. Some former Pioneer leaders have also formed Scout groups, and there is some controversy as to their motivations in doing so.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement asked [[the Scout Association]] of the United Kingdom to assist the Scout Organizations in the Moscow and Saint Petersburg regions. Other national Scout organizations are involved in helping other regions; the [[Boy Scouts of America]] are involved in the regions to the east of the Urals, for instance.

As with many European nations, several Scout associations were actively supporting the growth of Scouting in Russia, and served Scouts with regards to persuasion of faith, national orientation and geography.

At the end of the 1990s, several of the associations formed the All-Russian National Scouting Organisation (ARNSO) ({{lang|ru|Всероссийская Национальная Скаутская Организация (ВНСО)}}, Vserossiyskaya Natsionalnaya Skautskaya Organizatsiya (VNSO)), guided by WOSM. In 2000, it became a member of WOSM.

14 Russian Scouts were invited to take part in the [[19th World Scout Jamboree]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite journal
| title =Participants of the 19th World Scout Jamboree (Scouts, Adult leaders, International Service Staff)|journal =El Tali-Diario de Vida del Jamboree 1999|volume =8| pages =7| date = 5 January 1999
|publisher=19th World Scout Jamboree}}</ref> Russia was represented 2003 at the [[20th World Scout Jamboree]] in Thailand.<ref>{{cite journal
| title =Participating countries and territories|journal =Sawasdeejam|volume =11| pages =5| date = 8 January 2003
|publisher=20th World Scout Jamboree}}</ref> 504 Scouts from the association [[Russian Association of Scouts/Navigators]]  took part in the [[21st World Scout Jamboree]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite journal
| title =Jamboree Attendees-Participants du Jamboree|language = en,fr |journal =One World|volume =11| pages =10| date = 5 August 2007
|publisher=21st World Scout Jamboree}}</ref>

The membership was transferred in 2004 to the RAS/N, following the disintegration of ARNSO. RAS/N is also an umbrella federation of different associations, some of them former members of ARNSO.

== Scouting organizations in Russia ==
Russia is served by at least ten different nationwide Scouting organizations and about 30 regional and local associations.<ref name="OrgsRussia">{{cite web |url=http://www.scouts.ru/modules/address/ |title=Cкаутские организации России и международные организации |access-date=2007-01-05 |publisher=ОРЮР}}</ref> Most of the nationwide organizations consist of both regional associations and directly served units - in some cases even in the same cities.

The given membership numbers of the organizations<ref name="OrgsRussia" /> are quite rough and in some cases inconsistent since no annual census is conducted.

=== Nationwide organizations ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Russian Scout Jamboree Moscow 2000.png|thumb|140px|Russian Jamboree badge]] -->
The ten organizations with a national scale are:
* Russian Union of Scouts (RUS; Русский Союз Скаутов); member of [[World Federation of Independent Scouts]], 1,500 members
* [[Brotherhood (Federation) of Orthodox Scouts]] (BPS; Братство (Федерация) Православных Следопытов (скаутов)); 2,000 members
* [[National Organization of Russian Scouts (Russia)|National Organization of Russian Scouts]] (NORS-R; Национальная Организация Российских Скаутов-Разведчиков); 2,000 direct members; including
** [[Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders (Russia)|Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders]] (ORYuR; Организация Российских Юных Разведчиков); observer to the [[Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts d'Europe|UIGSE]]; 2,200 members
** [[Russian Association of Girl Scouts]] (RADS; Российская Ассоциация Девочек-Скаутов); member of the [[World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts]]; 1,100 members
* [[Russian Association of Scouts/Navigators]] (RAS/N; Российская Ассоциация Навигаторов-скаутов); actual member of WOSM; 14,000 members;<ref name="WOSM-membership">{{cite web |url=http://www.scout.org/en/around_the_world/countries/national_scout_organisations/some_statistics |title=Some statistics |access-date=2007-01-06 |publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012184832/http://scout.org/en/around_the_world/countries/national_scout_organisations/some_statistics |archive-date=2007-10-12 }}</ref> reformed, the organization makes up the bulk of the [[All-Russian Scout Association]].
* [[Russian Scout Organization]] (RSO; Российская Скаутская Организация); 27,000 members [http://www.scouts-russia.ru/ind-eng.htm]
* [[National Organization of Volunteers "Russia"]] (NORD "Russia"; Национальная Организация Добровольцев "Русь"); 500 members

=== Regional and interregional members of the nationwide organizations ===

====All-Russian National Scouting Organisation====
* Brotherhood (Federation) of Orthodox Scouts (BPS; Братство (Федерация) Православных Следопытов (скаутов)); 2,000 members
* Interregional Children's Public Organization "Association of Scouts" (MDOOAS; Межрегиональная Детская Общественная Организация "Ассоциация Скаутов"); 200 members
* Union "[[Moscow]]'s Scout" (SMS; Союз "Московский Скаут"); 100 members; [http://www.moscowscout.ru/]
* League of YMCA-Scouts of [[Saint Petersburg]] (LSSP; Лига скаутов YMCA Санкт-Петербурга); 400 members [http://scout-spb.narod.ru/main.htm]

====National Organization of Russian Scouts====
[[File:Suvorov Scout (Siberian Association of Scouts).svg|thumb|140px|The ''Suvorov Scout'', the highest rank of the Siberian Association of Scouts.]]
* Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders (ORYuR; Организация Российских Юных Разведчиков); 2,200 members
** Regional Scouting Organization "Republic Alarm" (RSORN; Региональная скаутская организация "Республика Набат"); 100 members; [http://nabat.org.ru/]
* Russian Association of Girl Scouts (RADS; Российская Ассоциация Девочек-Скаутов); 1,100 members
** [[Volgograd]] Association of Girl Scouts (VADS; Волгоградская Ассоциация девочек-скаутов) 380 members [http://www.volgoscout.ru/]
* Scouts of [[Karelia]] (КРДОО Скауты Карелии); 300 members; [http://scout.karelia.ru/]
* [[Kaliningrad Oblast|Kaliningrad Regional]] Public Children's and Youth Organization of Scouts "Amber Island" (KRDMOOS; Калининградская Региональная Детско-молодежная Общественная Организация Скаутов "Янтарный Остров"); 300 members
* Regional Children's Public Organization "Scouts of [[Moscow]]" (RDOOSM; Региональная Детская Общественная Организация «Скауты Москвы»); was: ''Saint Vladimir Union of Russian Scouts''; 300 members; [http://srs-scout.narod.ru/], [http://zao-scouts.narod.ru/]
* [[Siberia]]n Association of Scouts (SibAS; Сибирская Ассоциация Скаутов); membership unknown; perhaps disintegrated
** [[Omsk Oblast|Omsk Provincial]] Scouting Center "Siberia" (OOSTS; Омский Областной Скаутский Центр "Сибирь"); 200 members
* [[Arkhangelsk Oblast|Arkhangelsk Regional]] Children's Public Organization of Scouts (ARDOOS; Aрхангельская Региональная Детская Общественная Организация Скаутов); 100 members
* [[Volgograd Oblast|Volgograd Provincial]] organization of scouts (VOOS; Волгоградская Областная Организация скаутов); 300 members
* Organization of Scouts of [[Tatarstan]] (OST; Организация скаутов Татарстана); 200 members
* [[Perm Krai|Permian Provincial]] Scouting Center (POSTS; Пермский Областной Скаутский Центр); 330 members
* [[Saratov Oblast|Saratov Provincial]] Organization of Scouts (SOOS; Саратовская Областная Организация скаутов); 300 members
* Association of the Scouts of [[Saint Petersburg]] (ASP; Ассоциация Скаутов Санкт-Петербурга); 300 members
* [[Novgorod Oblast|Novgorod Provincial]] Public Children's Organization of Scouts (NODOOS; Новгородская Областная Детская Общественная Организация Скаутов); 300 members; [http://scouts.home.nov.ru]
* [[Borovichi]] Public Children's Organization of Scouts "Spring" (BDOOS; Боровичская детская общественная организация скаутов «Родник»); 100 members

NORS-R is active in Karelia, St. Petersburg, [[Murmansk Oblast]], Volgograd Oblast, Archangelsk Oblast, [[Tolyatti|Togliatti]], Novgorod Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Moscow, Perm, [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]], [[Ivanovo Oblast]], [[Voronesh]], [[Bashkortostan]] and Saratov.

====Russian Association of Scouts/Navigators====
* [[Voronezh Oblast|Voronezh Regional]] Social Children's Organization of Scouts (VRODOS; Воронежская Региональная Общественная Детская Организация Скаутов); 200 members; [http://vons.vrn.ru/]
* [[Irkutsk Oblast|Irkutsk Provincial]] Public Organization of Children and Young People "Baikal Scout" (IOOODiM; Иркутская Областная Общественная Организация Детей и Молодежи "Байкальский Скаут"); 2,000 members [http://scout.irk.ru]
* Public Children's and Youth Organization "Scouts of Findings" (ODMOSN; Общественная детская, молодежная организация "Скауты Находки"); 100 members
* [[Rostov Oblast|Rostov]] Association of Scouts/Navigators (Ростовской Ассоциации навигаторов-скаутов); unknown membership; [http://rans.youngrostov.ru/]
* [[Michurinsk]] Organization of Scouts/Navigators (MOS/N; Мичуринская организация навигаторов/скаутов); unknown membership; [http://michons.narod.ru/]

RAS/N is active in [[Amur Oblast|Amur]], [[Astrakhan Oblast|Astrakhan]], [[Bryansk Oblast|Bryansk]], [[Chelyabinsk Oblast|Chelyabinsk]], [[Irkutsk Oblast|Irkutsk]], [[Kaliningrad Oblast|Kaliningrad]], [[Kaluga Oblast|Kaluga]], [[Kirov Oblast|Kirov]], [[Kostroma Oblast|Kostroma]], [[Lipetsk Oblast|Lipetsk]], [[Magadan Oblast|Magadan]] (which has a relationship with the [[Scouting in Alaska|Western Alaska Council]] of the Boy Scouts of America), [[Moscow Oblast|Moscow]], [[Murmansk Oblast|Murmansk]], [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Rostov Oblast|Rostov]], [[Tambov Oblast|Tambov]], [[Vladimir Oblast|Vladimir]], [[Voronezh Oblast|Voronezh]], and [[Yaroslavl Oblast]]s, and in [[Altai Krai|Altai]] and [[Primorsky Krai]]s. A Eurasia Foundation grant was awarded in July 1998 to the North Eastern Scout Council of Magadan Oblast "Podvig" to develop youth organizations in Magadan Oblast.

====Russian Scout Organization====
* Association of the Scouts of the [[Moscow Oblast]] (ASMO; Ассоциация Скаутов Московской Области); 400 members [http://www.egorscout.ru/]
* Association of the Scouts of the [[Penza Oblast]] (ASPO; Ассоциация Скаутов Пензенской области); 1,300 members

===Scouting in ethnic subdivisions of Russia===

Scouting is becoming familiar in non-Russian parts of the federation, and is being developed in several ethnic republics and subdivisions. Those where growth is documented are marked after the republic name.[http://www.scouts.ru/modules/units/]
*[[File:Flag of Adygea.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Adygea]]
*[[File:Flag of Altai Republic.svg|20px]] [[Altai Republic]]
*[[File:Flag of Bashkortostan.svg|20px]] [[Bashkortostan|Republic of Bashkortostan]] (intermediate growth-Association of the United Scouts of the Republic of [[Bashkortostan]] (AOSRB; Ассоциация Объединённых Скаутов Республики Башкирии); 300 members)
*[[File:Flag of Buryatia.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Buryatia|Buryat Republic]] (intermediate growth)
*[[File:Flag of Chechen Republic since 2004.svg|20px]] [[Chechnya|Chechen Republic]]
*[[Chuvash Republic]] (Union of Scouts of Chuvashia)
*[[File:Flag of Dagestan.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Dagestan]]
*[[File:Flag of Ingushetia.svg|20px]] [[Ingushetia|Republic of Ingushetia]]
*[[File:Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg|20px]] [[Kabardino-Balkaria|Kabardino-Balkar Republic]]
*[[File:Flag of Karelia.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Karelia]] - {{lang|ru|Скауты Карелии}}/Scouts of Karelia.<ref>[https://vk.com/scouts_of_karelia Скауты Карелии]</ref>
*[[File:Flag of Khakassia.svg|20px]] [[Khakassia|Republic of Khakassia]] (intermediate growth)
*[[File:Flag of Komi.svg|20px]] [[Komi Republic]] (Association of Scouts of Komi, known to have its own local Scouts by 1992)
*[[File:Flag of Kalmykia.svg|20px]] [[Kalmykia|Republic of Kalmykia]]
*[[File:Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia.svg|20px]] [[Karachay–Cherkessia|Republic of Karachay–Cherkessia]]
*[[File:Flag of Mari El.svg|20px]] [[Mari El|Mari El Republic]] (intermediate growth)
*[[File:Flag of Mordovia.svg|20px]] [[Mordovia|Republic of Mordovia]]
*[[File:Flag of North Ossetia.svg|20px]] [[North Ossetia–Alania|Republic of North Ossetia–Alania]]
*[[File:Flag of Sakha.svg|20px]] [[Sakha Republic]]
*[[File:Flag of Tatarstan.svg|20px]] [[Tatarstan|Republic of Tatarstan]]
*[[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|20px]] [[Tuva|Tuva Republic]]
*[[File:Flag of Udmurtia.svg|20px]] [[Udmurtia|Udmurt Republic]] (Scout Association of the Udmurt Republic (SAUR; Скаутская Ассоциация Удмуртской республики); 1,000 members;<ref>[http://vk.com/udmscout Скауты Удмуртии]</ref>)
*[[File:Flag of Yugra.svg|20px]] [[Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug]]

====Others====
The affiliation of the following associations is unknown, or they are independent regional bodies:
** [[Izhevsk]] Scout Organization (ISO; Ижевская скаутская организация); 200 members
** [[File:Yegorievsk regional Scout organization.svg|20px]][[Yegoryevsk]] Scout Organization (Егорьевская скаутская организация)

==Ideals, program, and awards==
The [[Scout Motto]] is ''Будь готов'' (Bud' Gotov, ''Be Prepared'' in [[Russian language|Russian]]. The Russian noun for a single Scout is {{lang|ru|Скаут}}, but can alternately be {{lang|ru|Разведчик}} or {{lang|ru|Навигатор}} depending on the organization. As {{lang|ru|Разведчик}} also carries the connotation of ''spy'', now often perceived as negative in the post-Soviet period, many now refer to themselves as {{lang|ru|Скаут}} or {{lang|ru|Навигатор}}, the more neutral term for the original meaning, an advance party sent to reconnoiter the terrain, similar to [[wikt:pathfinder|pathfinder]] or [[explorer]].

The highest Russian Scout distinction is known as the '''Order of the Bronze Beaver'''.

==International Scouting units in Russia==
In addition, there are USA Girl Scouts Overseas in [[Moscow]], serviced by way of USAGSO headquarters in [[New York City]]; as well as Cub Scout Pack 3950 and Boy Scout Troop 500, both of Moscow, linked  to the [[Direct Service]] branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Direct Service Units|url=http://www.directservicebsa.org/|access-date =2011-03-10|publisher=Direct Service · Boy Scouts of America}}</ref>
There are also British Girl Guides served by [[Girlguiding BGIFC|British Guides in Foreign Countries]] in [[Sakhalin]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Girlguiding BGIFC Units (Birthday List)|url=http://www.bgifc.org.uk/birthdays.html|access-date=2011-03-10|publisher=Girlguiding BGIFC|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323155252/http://www.bgifc.org.uk/birthdays.html|archive-date=2010-03-23}}</ref>

==Network Russia Scout Fellowship==
[[File:Network Russia Scout Fellowship (Russian).png|left|thumb|100px|Network Russia Scout Fellowship badge in Russian]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Network Russia Scout Fellowship badge.png|thumb|Network Russia Scout Fellowship badge]] -->

Early in 1991, [[the Scout Association]] and the Boy Scouts of America were asked to assist the World Bureau to encourage the development of Russian Scouting, with the UK assisting in European Russia, and the BSA assisting in Siberia. In 1991 an experimental camp was held in [[Odesa, Ukraine]] by UK Scouts. In 1992, an international training course for 17 Russian leaders was held at the International Office at [[Gilwell Park]] and a study visit to Moscow and Saint Petersburg to establish direct links between British and Russian groups later in the year.

The UK support network became the Network Russia Scout Fellowship in March 2000, and continues to support Scout relationships with Russia, establishing a web-based point of contact and holding meetings twice a year to encourage developments in Russia.
{{Clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Scouting}}
*[[Scouting in displaced persons camps]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
; Portals
* [http://www.scouts.ru/ scouts.ru] - Independent portal covering most organizations
* [http://www.scoutmaster.ru/ scoutmaster.ru] - Russian Scouting news

; Nationwide organizations
* [http://vnso.ru/ All-Russian National Scouting Organisation]
** [http://bps.sretenie.ru/ Brotherhood (Federation) of Orthodox Scouts]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070210012710/http://www.scout.nn.ru/ Russian Union of Scouts]
* [http://nors-r.ru/ National Organization of Russian Scouts]
** [http://www.scouts.ru/modules/address/index.php#%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%AE%D0%A0 Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders]
** [http://www.girlscout.ru/ Russian Association of Girl Scouts]
* [http://www.rasn.org/ Russian Association of Scouts/Navigators]
* [http://www.scouts-russia.ru/ Russian Scout Organization]
* [http://www.nordrus.ru/ National organization of volunteers "Russia"]

; Others
*[http://www.networkrussia.org.uk Network Russia]

{{Russia topics}}
{{Scouts in Exile}}
{{Scout continent|Europe}}
{{commons category|Scouting in Russia}}

[[Category:Scouting in Russia| ]]