View source for Schuylkill Navy

{{Short description|Association of amateur rowing clubs of Philadelphia}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2023}}[[File:Schuylkill Navy logo.png|thumb|Schuylkill Navy logo]]
The '''Schuylkill Navy''' is an association of amateur [[rowing (sport)|rowing]] clubs of [[Philadelphia]]. Founded in 1858, it is the oldest amateur athletic governing body in the [[United States]].<ref name="LivingPlaces"/> The member clubs are all on the [[Schuylkill River]] where it flows through [[Fairmount Park]] in Philadelphia, mostly on the historic [[Boathouse Row]].

By charter, the Schuylkill Navy’s object is "to secure united action among the several Clubs and to promote amateurism on the Schuylkill River."<ref name="Schuylkill Navy Records" /> Over the years, the group has had a role in certain ceremonial and state functions.<ref name=Heiland16 /> The success of the Schuylkill Navy and similar organizations contributed heavily to the extinction of professional rowing and the sport's current status as an amateur sport.<ref name="Jefferson 1983" />

At its founding, it had nine clubs; today, there are 16: [[Fairmount Rowing Association]], [[Crescent Boat Club]], [[Bachelors Barge Club]], [[University Barge Club]], [[Malta Boat Club]], [[Vesper Boat Club]], [[College Boat Club]], [[Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association]] (Penn AC), [[Undine Barge Club]] (Undine), [[Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club]] (PGRC), [[Gillin Boat Club]], Conshohocken Rowing Center, Pennsylvania Barge Club, Whitemarsh Boat Club, Sedgeldy, and Pennsylvania Center for Adapted Sports. At least 23 other clubs have belonged to the Navy at various times.<ref name="Schuylkill Navy Records" /> Many of the clubs have a rich history, and have produced a large number of Olympians and world-class competitors.<ref>{{cite web
  | title      = Boathouse Row Clubs
  | publisher  = Schuylkill Navy & Boathouse Row 
  | url        = http://www.boathouserow.org/index.php/clubs/boathouse-row-clubs
  | accessdate = June 26, 2015
}}</ref>

==Origins==
[[File:Schuylkill Navy of Philadelphia historical marker.jpg|left|thumb|Historical marker on [[Boathouse Row]]]]
The Schuylkill Navy was founded by nine Philadelphia rowing clubs seeking a governing body to prevent fixed races.<ref name="HOSR2009-11" /> Once formed, the Navy enacted a code of conduct that prohibited wagering on races.<ref name="HOSR2009-11" />

These clubs were present at the founding of the society in October 1858: America, [[Camilla Boat Club|Camilla]], Chebucto, Falcon, Independent, Keystone (the 1st), Neptune (the 1st), Pennsylvania (the 1st), and [[University Barge Club|University]].<ref name="Crowther 1905a" /><ref name=Heiland57 /> Later that month, Amateurs, Nautilus, and [[Quaker City Barge Club|Quaker City]] joined.<ref name=Heiland57/> While not at that first meeting, [[Undine Barge Club|Undine]] and [[Bachelors Barge Club|Bachelors]] joined the Navy soon after its founding.<ref name="Crowther 1905b" /> [[Bachelors Barge Club|Bachelors]] absorbed member, Amateurs, in December 1858, and became a member in March 1859.<ref name=Heiland57/> While [[Undine Barge Club|Undine]] was not initially listed as a founder, it is considered a founder of the Navy because one of Undine's members was the Secretary Treasurer of the Navy at its inception.<ref name=Heiland58 />

In March 1860, Union Boat Club and Atlantic Barge Club (the 1st) joined the Schuylkill Navy.<ref name=Heiland57/> In September 1860 the founding club, [[Camilla Boat Club]], resigned.<ref name=Heiland57/> By June 1861, Falcon, Pennsylvania, and Atlantic had dissolved.<ref name=Heiland57/> Half of the remaining Schuylkill Navy clubs lapsed during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref name="boathouserow: clubs" /> As of August 1865 Chebutco, [[Excelsior Boat Club|Excelsior]], Union, Independent, and Keystone no longer existed.<ref name=Heiland58/>

===After the Civil War===
[[File:Flags of the Schuylkill Naby copy.png|thumb|right|Flags of remaining members in 1872 after [[Bachelors Barge Club|Bachelors]] and [[Vesper Boat Club|Vesper]] resigned.]] Rowing resumed at the end of the Civil War, but many of the fledgling post-war clubs did not last. On August 17, 1865, [[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] (the 2nd) and [[Philadelphia Barge Club]] were elected to the Navy.<ref name=Heiland58/> Five days later [[Malta Boat Club]] and [[Washington Boat Club]] (now known as [[Vesper Boat Club|Vesper]]) joined.<ref name=Heiland58/>

[[File:Schuylkill Navy Flags 1870 copy.png|thumb|left|Flags of the nine member clubs of the Schuylkill Navy in 1870.]]In 1867 the Navy admitted Iona (the 1st), but Iona terminated its membership after it became part of [[Crescent Boat Club]], which joined in 1868.<ref name=Heiland59 /> In April 1868 rowers split from Neptune to form the second Atlantic Boat Club.<ref name=Heiland59/> Keystone (the 2nd) joined the Navy in February 1870, but resigned by the end of the year.<ref name=Heiland59/> [[Washington Boat Club]] was renamed [[Vesper Boat Club]] in 1870, then resigned in 1871, and was not a member again until 1879.<ref name=Heiland59/> [[Bachelors Barge Club|Bachelors]] resigned in 1870 and did not rejoin until 1882.<ref name=Heiland59/> [[West Philadelphia Barge Club]] and [[College Boat Club]] joined in 1873 and 1875 respectively.<ref name=Heiland59/>

[[File:International regatta Philadelphia 1876 Atalanta crew New York city club by Phillips Warren-cropped-large.png|thumb|alt='Atalanta Boat Club crew (of NYC) in Philadelphia for the 1876 Centennial International Regatta|Atalanta Boat Club crew (of NYC) at the [[Centennial Exposition]] regatta]]

On November 11, 1872, the Navy composed the funeral solemnities of General [[George Meade]].<ref name=Heiland16/> In 1876, it held an international regatta in connection with the [[Centennial Exposition]], the largest of its kind to that point.<ref name=Heiland16/>  On April 27, 1878, crews from various clubs of the Navy staged a demonstration to honor President [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]'s visit to Philadelphia.<ref name=Heiland16/>

A new [[Iona Boat Club]], chartered in 1876, joined the Navy in 1884, and lasted until 1895.<ref name=Heiland59/> [[Fairmount Rowing Association]], in existence since 1877, was admitted in 1916.<ref name=Heiland59/> In 1924, [[Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association]] absorbed [[West Philadelphia Boat Club]].<ref name=Heiland59/> In 1932, under the pressures of the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], [[Quaker City Barge Club]] and [[Philadelphia Barge Club]] closed their doors.<ref name="Heiland60" />

===After World War II===
[[World War II]] dramatically reduced the membership rolls of the clubs of the Schuylkill Navy.<ref name="Pamphlet 1915" /> As a result, [[Crescent Boat Club]] resigned and leased its boathouse to [[LaSalle Rowing Association]] from 1951 until 1960.<ref name=LivingPlaces /> [[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] (the 2nd) ceased rowing in 1955.<ref name=LivingPlaces/> [[Pennsylvania BC|Pennsylvania]] turned its boathouse over to the Navy until its membership was reinstated in 2009.<ref name="HOSR2009-20" />

In 1968, [[Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club]], a women-only club, became a member of the Schuylkill Navy.<ref name="Stillner105" /> Most recently, [[Gillin Boat Club]] was elected to the Navy by unanimous vote in 2004.<ref name="Gillin Boat Club" />

===21st century===
The Schuylkill Navy is the organizer of the Philadelphia Classic Regatta Series. With three of the largest regattas in the mid-Atlantic region on the schedule as well as two of the nation's oldest regattas, the Philadelphia Classic Regatta Series connects the rowing competitors of today to the historic home of the international rowing elite. It is built on a tradition that launched November 12, 1835, with the first organized regatta on [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia's]] historic Schuylkill River (a full eight years before the start of the rowing program at [[Harvard University]]).<ref name="pitchengine.com" />

In 2010, [[USRowing]], the national governing body for [[rowing (sport)|rowing]], announced the launch of a new Training Center Partner Program in order to create partnerships with clubs across the country interested in collaborating in the development of athletes who could potentially represent the United States in international races. The partner program places an emphasis on training athletes in small boat development and incorporating athletes in senior and under-23 camps and trials. Partners include Schuylkill Navy's [[Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association|Penn AC]] and [[Vesper Boat Club]]. Partner programs will have access to national team training programs, and have the opportunity to consult with [[USRowing]] National Team staff and the Director of Coaching Education, Kris Korzeniowski.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imes |first=Matt |title=USROWING TRAINING CENTER PARTNER PROGRAM

|url=http://www.usrowing.org/NationalTeams/OlympicSeniorNationalTeam/SrNTPartnerProgram.aspx |accessdate=8 October 2013}}</ref>

In 2016, the composite crew racing as Schuylkill Navy won the [[Prince of Wales Challenge Cup]] at [[Henley Royal Regatta]].

==Traditions==

===Regattas===
*[[Aberdeen Dad Vail Regatta]]: Held annually since 1953, this is the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the United States.<ref name="Dad Vail" /> Named for Harry Emerson “Dad” Vail, a crew coach at the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]], it was created to involve and support schools whose rowing programs were too small to compete in major races against larger institutions.<ref name="Dad Vail"/>
*[[Head of the Schuylkill]]: Founded in 1971 by three members of the [[University Barge Club]], it was intended to open up the head-racing season to Club rowers in an era when most headraces were held for Junior, University, and Elite rowers. By 2013, more than 6,500 athletes competed over the 2.5-mile course.<ref>{{cite web |title=Head of the Schuylkill Regatta History and Growth |url=http://www.hosr.org/about.html |accessdate=7 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109045418/http://hosr.org/about.html |archivedate=9 November 2013 }}</ref>
*Independence Day Regatta: Originally called “The People's Regatta” and first held around 1880, the Independence Day Regatta was given its current name in 1958 to recognize the Schuylkill Navy’s 100th anniversary. It is a 2000m race held on the Sunday of the week of the Fourth of July. There are races for juniors, intermediate club, senior club, and masters.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.independencedayregatta.com/index.php/about/history |publisher=independencedayregatta.com |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>
*Navy Day Regatta: It was founded in 1986 by two former [[United States Navy]] members who wanted to sponsor a regatta to promote and support U. S. Navy and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] awareness. A 700-meter trial race was held in 1986, and in 1987 the course was moved to the 2000-meter course above the Columbia Avenue Bridge. After the [[United States Naval Academy]] began attending the regatta, the race was lengthened to 2.5 miles as a preparation for the [[Head of the Charles Regatta]] and Head of the Schuylkill regattas held later in the fall season.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.navydayregatta.com/history.html |publisher=navydayregatta.com |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>
*[[Stotesbury Cup]]: This regatta has been held continuously since 1927, with women's events starting in 1974. Edward T. Stotesbury fronted the cost for the regatta to make a championship race for the Boys' Senior Eight, which is held over 1500 meters. The Stotesbury is the largest high school regatta in the world with over 5000 competitors and 10,000 spectators in attendance at the Athlete Village.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://stotesburycupregatta.com/index.php/about/history |publisher=stotesburycupregatta.com |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>

===Events===
The Navy also sponsors other athletic endeavors including a basketball league and an annual cross country race.

'''Schuylkill Navy Run'''
The Schuylkill Navy Run, also known as the Turkey Trot, began in 1899. Held on [[Thanksgiving|Thanksgiving Day]], the race has been a tradition for rowers in the [[Philadelphia]] region ever since, with the exception of two years during [[World War I]] and two years during World War II. It begins at [[Malta Boat Club]] on [[Kelly Drive]], and continues over 5 5/8 miles of hilly terrain. The runners go inbound on [[Kelly Drive]] to the traffic light in front of Lloyd Hall, turn left and go up Lemon Hill and over the Girard Avenue Bridge, then right onto Lansdowne Avenue. Just past Sweetbriar Cutoff, the course turns right and starts the true “cross country” segment across grassy surfaces. Runners go to the General Meade Monument, then follow to the Pagoda entrance gate to Belmont Plateau, up the hill to Belmont Mansion, and return by way of Brewery Hill down Kelly Drive back to Malta Boat Club.

Any and all members of The Schuylkill Navy clubs and its affiliates are eligible to compete, as well as friend and family guest runners. The classifications include the following categories: Open, Masters, Juniors, Guests, and Novices.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLorenzo |first=Jim |title=Over 200 Runners Set for the 107th Schuylkill Navy Run in Philadelphia Thanksgiving Day |url=http://myemail.constantcontact.com/Over-200-Runners-Set-for-the-107th-Schuylkill-Navy-Run-in-Philadelphia-Thanksgiving-Day.html?soid=1101417167175&aid=EbtegBdrNrc |accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>

==Member clubs==

===Current members===
[[File:FairmountRA2010.jpg|thumb|200x50px|Fairmount Rowing Association]]
;[[Fairmount Rowing Association]]
Established in 1877 and located at No. 2 Boathouse Row, [[Fairmount Rowing Association|Fairmount]] is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="NRHP Focus" /> [[Fairmount Rowing Association|Fairmount]] gained admission to the Schuylkill Navy in 1916 after it had been rejected for decades.<ref name=fairmountrowing /> In 1945 the boathouse underwent a huge expansion in which it merged with what was No. 3 on Boathouse Row to create the current [[Fairmount Rowing Association]] boathouse.<ref name=fairmountrowing/> Fairmount has called itself the "premiere club for Masters rowing in the mid-Atlantic region".<ref name=fairmountrowing/> Recently the club has produced several world class rowers.<ref name="Teresa Z. Bell" /><ref name="James Castellan" /><ref name="Stan Cwiklinski" /> The club is currently coached by Ahsan Iqbal and is affiliated with [[La Salle University]] and [[Episcopal Academy]].
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[[File:Pennsylvania Barge Club.jpg|thumb|Pennsylvania Barge Club|left]]
;[[Pennsylvania Barge Club]]
Founded in 1861 and located at No. 4 Boathouse Row, the [[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] is also known as the Hollenback House, after William M. Hollenback Jr., who from 1979 to 1985 served as the president of the governing body of rowing, [[USRowing]].<ref name="Stillner101-2" /> It is alleged that painter [[Thomas Eakins]] was a member of the [[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] as he frequently painted rowers, and one of his close friends, [[Max Schmitt in a Single Scull|Max Schmitt]], is known to have rowed for the club and won the single sculls national championship 6 times.<ref name="Kirkpatrick 2006, p.141" /> [[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] represented the [[United States]] at the [[Summer Olympic Games]] in 1920 (coxed four), 1924 (coxed four), 1928 (coxed four and four without coxswain) and 1932 (pair with coxswain).<ref name="boathouserow: pachist2" /> In 1955, due to World War II the boathouse suffered a severe decrease in membership and turned its facility over to the [[National Association of Amateur Oarsmen]], which would later become [[USRowing]], to serve as their headquarters.<ref name="Pamphlet 1915" /><ref name="Boathouse Row" /><ref name="Pamphlet 1898" /> In 2009 [[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] was reinstated as a member of the Schuylkill Navy; the club's current president is Michael Ragan, and it is affiliated with [[La Salle College High School]].<ref name="HOSR2009-20" />
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[[File:Crescent2010.jpg|thumb|Crescent Boat Club]]
;[[Crescent Boat Club]]
Established in 1867 and located at No. 5 Boathouse Row, [[Crescent Boat Club]] was one of the first members of the Schuylkill Navy.<ref name="Scharf 1884" /> The club began to be known as Crescent when Pickwick Barge Club and Iona Barge Club merged.<ref name="Peverelly 1866, p217" /><ref name="Keyser 1872, p21" /><ref name="Crescent Boat Club" /> Crescent won the double sculls in the first [[National Association of Amateur Oarsmen]] regatta, currently known as the [[USRowing]] Club National Championships.<ref name="Crowther 1905, p165-6" /> After World War II, the club, like many others on Boathouse Row, suffered a dramatic decrease in membership and turned the operation of the boathouse over to the La Salle Rowing Association, which controlled it from 1951 to 1960.<ref name="Boathouse Row"/> By 1974 the boathouse was vacant, and was not returned to prosperity until it came under the reins of John Wilkins.<ref name="NPS12" /><ref name="HOSR2009-18"/> The club is now affiliated with [[Philadelphia University|Thomas Jefferson University]]'s rowing team<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.philaurams.com/sports/wrowing/2016-17/releases/20160701i9j5s7|title=Women's rowing moves to Boathouse Row - Philadelphia University Rams Official Athletic Site - PHILAURAMS.COM|website=www.philaurams.com|access-date=2016-10-04|archive-date=October 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005165519/http://www.philaurams.com/sports/wrowing/2016-17/releases/20160701i9j5s7|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Roman Catholic High School]] rowing team, which supplies most of Crescent's summer rowing membership. Crescent has the smallest membership to the Schuylkill Navy on Boathouse Row.<ref name="boathouserow: crescent" />
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[[File:DrexelCrew.png|thumb|Bachelors Barge Club|left]]
;[[Bachelors Barge Club]]
Located at No. 6 Boathouse Row, [[Bachelors Barge Club|Bachelors]] was founded in 1853 and is the oldest continuously operating boathouse in the [[United States]].<ref name=Stotesbury /> Founding members of Bachelors were members of a volunteer fire-fighting club called the Phoenix Engine Company. Israel Morris is credited with founding the club, and was elected as its second president.<ref name="Morris Family Papers, Collection 2000B" /> As the name of the club suggests, membership was restricted to "Bachelors"; however shortly after its founding Bachelors opened its doors to married men.<ref name="HOSR2009-18" /> Now the vast majority of the club's 150 members are women.<ref name="HOSR2009-18"/> Bachelors medaled at the [[Summer Olympic Games]] in the single sculls and the coxed four in 1924, the single sculls in 1928, and the double sculls in 1932.<ref name=Stotesbury/> More recently Bachelors sent Cody Lowry to the [[World Rowing Championships]] in 2009 in the lightweight men's single sculls.<ref name="USRowing 2009" /> Bachelors is currently affiliated with the [[Conestoga High School]], [[Lower Merion High School]], and [[Radnor High School]] Men's and Women's teams,<ref name="Conestoga High School Crew" /> along with the [[Drexel University]] Men's and Women's teams<ref name=Drexel /> and a number of smaller programs and independent high school scullers. 
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[[File:University72.png|thumb|University Barge Club]]
;[[University Barge Club]]
Commonly referred to as [[University Barge Club|UBC]],<ref name=Thayer287 /> the club is located at No. 7 Boathouse Row, and is designated as a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref name="NHL07" /> Established in 1854 by 10 members of the [[University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania's]] freshman rowing class, UBC founded the Schuylkill Navy in 1858.<ref name="Crowther 1905, p24" /> The club's beginnings are considered to be "the dawn of organized athletics at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]" as at first membership was restricted solely to [[University of Pennsylvania]] students, later opening to alumni in 1867.<ref name=BargeClub/><ref name=Thayer284 /> UBC is known as "the upper-class rowing club", as when it opened to the public most of its members were aristocracy and upper class citizens of the city of Philadelphia.<ref name=Burt /> UBC is currently affiliated with the [[Chestnut Hill Academy]] high school boys' rowing team and the [[Springside School]] high school women's rowing team.
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[[File:Vesper-Malta2010.jpg|thumb|Malta Boat Club|left]]
;[[Malta Boat Club]]
The [[Malta Boat Club]] is located at No. 9 Boathouse Row and joined the Schuylkill Navy in 1865, after its establishment in 1860 when it relocated from the [[Delaware River]] to the Schuylkill River, occupying what was the Excelsior Club boathouse.<ref name="Peverelly 1866, p213" /><ref name="Janssen 1888, pp211-2" /> 
In 1901 [[Malta Boat Club|Malta]] became the tallest boathouse on Boathouse Row after [[G. W. & W. D. Hewitt|George W. and William D. Hewitt]] designed the third story of the boathouse.<ref name="NPS14" /> Malta currently does not have any strong affiliations, although some boats from [[The Shipley School]] are stored there.
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[[File:Vesper72.png|thumb|Vesper Boat Club]]
;[[Vesper Boat Club]]
Established in 1865 and located at No. 10 Boathouse Row, [[Vesper Boat Club|Vesper]] joined the Schuylkill Navy in 1870. In 1873 [[Vesper Boat Club|Vesper]] built, in conjunction with [[Malta Boat Club|Malta]], a 1 1/2 story boathouse.<ref name="NPS14" /> The boathouse has since been renovated, largely based ondesigns by Howard Egar in 1898.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 1983 |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory--Nomination Form |publisher=NPS Focus, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior |page=674 |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/7f7cc593-7360-4a66-98b9-0ae7c8e17693 |access-date=7 May 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029211914/http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NHLS&item=Text%2F87000821.djvu&style=nps%2FFOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item%28SUMMARY%2CCOPYRIGHT%29%2Ccat%28Name%29&page=23 |archive-date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> 
[[Vesper Boat Club|Vesper's]] stated goal is "to produce Olympic champions."<ref name="HOSR2009-19" /> This was most recently accomplished by [[Andrew Byrnes]], Gold for [[Canada]], and [[Josh Inman]], Bronze for the [[United States]], both in the [[Rowing at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's eight|Men's 8+]] [[2008 Summer Olympics]]. Vesper, along with its national team and Olympic aspirations, is affiliated with several high schools including [[Archbishop Prendergast High School|Archbishop Prendergast]], [[Friends Select School]], and [[Sacred Heart]].
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[[File:Penn Rowing Club at Boathouse Row.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Number 11 Boathouse Row, the home of the College Boat Club of the University of Pennsylvania.|left]]
;[[College Boat Club]] ([[Penn Quakers|University of Pennsylvania]])
Located at No. 11 Boathouse Row, [[College Boat Club]] houses the [[University of Pennsylvania]] rowing teams. [[College Boat Club]] houses the Men's, Women's and Lightweight squads, and its constituency is entirely made up of past rowers.<ref name="HOSR2009-19" /> The boathouse was established in 1872 after the [[University of Pennsylvania]] moved its campus from [[Center City Philadelphia|Center City]]  to [[West Philadelphia|West City]], and became a member of the Schuylkill Navy in 1875.<ref name=BoatClub /> College Boat Club was admitted to the Schuylkill Navy in 1875.<ref name="Janssen 1888, p211" /> It was initially founded to give University of Pennsylvania students an alternative to the school's original [[Boathouse]], [[University Barge Club]].<ref name=BargeClub /><ref name=BoatClub /> In 1877 University of Pennsylvania rowers from the club beat the University of Pennsylvania rowers from [[University Barge Club]],<ref name=BoatClub/> making College Boat Club the official hub for most [[University of Pennsylvania]] rowers by 1879.<ref name=BoatClub/> By 1893 membership was opened to alumni and enrolled students.<ref name=BoatClub/>
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[[File:PennAC2010.jpg|thumb|Penn Athletic Club]]
;[[Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association]]
Otherwise known as [[Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association|Penn AC]], the club is located at No. 12 Boathouse Row and was founded in 1871 as the West Philadelphia Boat Club.<ref name="boathouserow: pachist2" /> The club became known as [[Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association|Penn AC]] in 1924, and joined the Schuylkill Navy in 1925. Penn AC has been a hub for elite and [[USRowing#National Teams|US National Team]] rowers since [[John B. Kelly Sr.]] joined the club after a falling out with his former club, [[Vesper Boat Club|Vesper]].<ref name="HOSR2009-20" /><ref name="boathouserow: pachist3" /> The club is currently affiliated with the [[Shipley School]] boys' and girls' rowing teams and the [[Monsignor Bonner High School]] boys' team, both of which have brought [[Stotesbury Cup]] wins back to the club in recent years.
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[[File:Undine2010.jpg|thumb|Undine Barge Club|left]]
;[[Undine Barge Club]]
Established in 1856 and located at No. 13 Boathouse Row, [[Undine Barge Club|Undine]] joined the Schuylkill Navy in 1858 and is considered a founding member.<ref name="Heiland57-8" /> Both the boathouse (1882–83) and the clubhouse upstream, Castle Ringstetten (1875), were designed by architect [[Frank Furness]].<ref name="Castle Ringstetten" /><ref name="Undine Barge Club" /><ref name="Beischer 2006, p299" /> The club is currently affiliated with the rowing teams from Penn Charter and the [[Baldwin School]]. The club is also known for its motto "Labor ipse voluptas" (in English: Labor itself is a pleasure).
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[[File:Philadelphia Girls RC 2010.jpg|thumb|Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club]]
;[[Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club]]
Otherwise known as [[Philadelphia Girls Rowing Club|PGRC]], the club is located at No. 14 Boathouse Row and is the oldest all-female rowing club in the world.<ref name="HOSR2009-19" /> Built in 1860, it is the oldest structure on Boathouse Row, and was originally constructed for the purpose of housing the [[Philadelphia Skating Club and Humane Society]].<ref name="NHL07" /><ref name="Stillner5" /> Although not formally established until 1938, PGRC was formed by 17 women (mainly wives of rowers at other clubs who wished to partake in the activity of rowing).<ref name="Stillner105" /><ref name="HOSR2009-19" /> PGRC was formally admitted into the Schuylkill Navy in 1967, and currently hosts the girls' rowing team from the [[Agnes Irwin School]].
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;[[Gillin Boat Club]] ([[Saint Joseph's Hawks|St. Joseph's University]] and [[Saint Joseph's Preparatory School|St. Joe's Prep]])
Although not on historic Boathouse Row, [[Gillin Boat Club]] sits on the 1,000 meter mark of the famous Schuylkill River 2,000 meter race course. Admitted into the Schuylkill Navy in 2004, Gillin hosts the [[Saint Joseph's Hawks|St. Joseph's University]] and [[Saint Joseph's Preparatory School|St. Joe's Prep]] rowing teams.<ref name="HOSR2009-20"/><ref name=Quinn /><ref name=sjuhawks /> The boathouse was the first built on this up-river portion of the Schuylkill River in 98 years.<ref name="Dedication of St. Joseph's Boathouse" />

{{Panorama
| image      = File:BoatHouseRow_LGpano.jpg
| fullwidth  = 18097
| fullheight = 1366
| caption    = A panorama of current members on Boathouse Row in 2010.
| height     = 150
}}

===Membership history timeline===

<!--in order of founding, then ending, then alphabetical-->
<div class="center">
<timeline>
DateFormat = yyyy
ImageSize  = width:700 height:auto barincrement:20
Period     = from:1857 till:2020
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
PlotArea   = right:30 left:0 bottom:50 top:5

Colors = id:barcolor value:rgb(0.99,0.7,0.7)
         id:line     value:black
         id:bg       value:white

PlotData=
  width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:m

  bar:1 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(10) till:1859 text:American (1858-)
  bar:2 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(10) till:1859 text:[[Camilla Boat Club]] (1858–1858)
  bar:3 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(15) till:1861 text:Falcon (1858-1861)
  bar:4 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(15) till:1861 text:Pennsylvania (1st) (1858-1861)
  bar:5 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(20) till:1862 text:Chebutco (1858-1862)
  bar:6 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(20) till:1862 text:Independent (1858-1862)
  bar:7 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(20) till:1862 text:Keystone (1st) (1858-1862)
  bar:8 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(20) till:1862 text:Neptune (1858-1862, 1867-68)
  bar:8 color:POWDERBLUE from:1867 till:1868 text:
  bar:9 color:GREEN from:1858 till:end text:[[University Barge Club]] (1858-present)
  bar:13 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(15) till:1859 text:Amateurs (1858-1858)
  bar:10 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 shift:(20) till:1862 text:Nautilus (1858-1862)
  bar:11 color:POWDERBLUE from:1858 till:1932 text:[[Quaker City Barge Club]] (1858–1932)
  bar:12 color:GREEN from:1858 till:end text:[[Undine Barge Club]] (1858-present)
  bar:14 color:GREEN from:1859 till:1870 text:[[Bachelors Barge Club]] (1859–1870, 1882-present)
  bar:14 color:GREEN from:1882 till:end text:
  bar:16 color:POWDERBLUE from:1859 till:1862 shift:(20) text:[[Excelsior Boat Club]] (1859-1862)
  bar:17 color:POWDERBLUE from:1860 till:1861 shift:(10) text:Atlantic (1860-1861, 1868-70)
  bar:17 color:POWDERBLUE from:1868 till:1870 text:
  bar:18 color:POWDERBLUE from:1860 till:1862 shift:(10) text:Union (1860-1862)
  bar:19 color:POWDERBLUE from:1862 till:1932 text:[[Philadelphia Barge Club]] (1862-1932)
  bar:20 color:POWDERBLUE from:1865 till:1870 text:[[Washington Boat Club]] (1865–1870) 
  bar:21 color:GREEN from:1865 till:1955 text:[[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] (2nd) (1865–1955, 2009–present)
  bar:21 color:GREEN from:2009 till:end text:
  bar:23 color:GREEN from:1865 till:end text:[[Malta Boat Club]] (1865-present)
  bar:25 color:POWDERBLUE from:1867 shift:(10) till:1868 text:[[Iona Boat Club]] (1867-1868, 1884-1895)
  bar:25 color:POWDERBLUE from:1884 till:1895 text:
  bar:27 color:GREEN from:1868 till:1951 text:[[Crescent Boat Club]] (1868–1951, 1960-present)
  bar:27 color:GREEN from:1960 till:end text:
  bar:29 color:POWDERBLUE from:1870 shift:(10) till:1871 text:Keystone (2nd) (1870-1870)
  bar:30 color:GREEN from:1871 till:1872 text:[[Vesper Boat Club]] (1870–1871, 1879-present)
  bar:30 color:GREEN from:1879 till:end text:
  bar:32 color:POWDERBLUE from:1873 till:1924 text:[[West Philadelphia Boat Club]] (1873-1924)
  bar:33 color:GREEN from:1875 till:end text:[[College Boat Club]] (1875-present)
  bar:35 color:GREEN from:1916 till:end text:[[Fairmount Rowing Association]] (1916–present)
  bar:36 color:GREEN from:1925 till:end text:[[Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association]] (1925-present)
  bar:37 color:POWDERBLUE from:1951 till:1960 text:[[LaSalle Rowing Association]] (1951-1960)
  bar:38 color:GREEN from:1967  shift:(-85) till:end text:[[Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club]] (1967-present)
  bar:39 color:GREEN from:2005 shift:(-163,-2) till:end text:[[Gillin Boat Club]] (2005–present)
 
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:20 start:1860

TextData =
   fontsize:L
   textcolor:black
   pos:(175,30) # tabs:(0-center)
   text:"Dates of Schuylkill Navy Membership"
</timeline>
</div>
{{refbegin|2}}
; Notes
*[[Quaker City Barge Club|Quaker City]] formed from the remnants of [[Camilla Boat Club|Camilla]] (1858)
*[[Bachelors Barge Club]] absorbed Amateurs Barge Club (1858)
*[[Crescent Boat Club|Crescent]] formed when [[Iona Boat Club|Iona (1st)]] and [[Pickwick Barge Club|Pickwick]] merged (1867)
*[[Washington Boat Club|Washington]] became [[Vesper Boat Club|Vesper]] (1870)
*[[Penn AC]] absorbed [[West Philadelphia Boat Club|West Philadelphia]] (1925)
*[[University Barge Club|University Barge]] absorbed [[Philadelphia Barge Club|Philadelphia Barge]] (1932)
*[[Fairmount Rowing Association|Fairmount]] absorbed [[Quaker City Barge Club|Quaker City]] (1945)
*[[Crescent Boat Club|Crescent]] turned over its boathouse to [[LaSalle Rowing Association|LaSalle]] (1951–1960)
*[[Pennsylvania Barge Club|Pennsylvania]] turned over its boathouse to the Navy (1955–2009)
{{refend}}

==Photo gallery==
<gallery widths="250px">
File:Schuylkill_river.jpeg|Schuylkill River Rowing Courses (1872).
File:Oarsmen on the schuylkill thomas eakins.jpeg|"Oarsmen on the Schuylkill" (aka "The [[Pennsylvania Barge Club]] Four") by [[Thomas Eakins]] (c. 1874).
File:Boathouse_Row-wide.JPG|A daytime photo of [[Boathouse Row]] (2006).
File:Schuylkill Grandstand.JPG|Schuylkill Grandstand
File:JB Kelly rowing Kelly Dr 2.JPG|Sculpture of John B. Kelly, 3 time Olympic Gold Medalist and a Commodore in the Schuylkill Navy
File:Boathouse Row at night.JPG|Boathouse Row lit up at night
File:Boat house row.jpg|Boathouse Row and Lemon Hill
File:Philadelphia skyline August 2007 retouched.jpg|Schuylkill River Running through Philadelphia skyline
File:Schuylkill bridge night.jpg|Schuylkill bridge at night
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Philadelphia}}
*[[John B. Kelly Sr.]]
*[[John B. Kelly Jr.]]
*[[Joe Burk]]
*[[Paul Costello]]

==References==
{{Reflist|35em|refs=
<ref name=BargeClub>{{Cite web | title = University Barge Club founded 1854, Penn Crew in the 1800s | last = Tannenbaum | first = Seth S. |author2=Hood, Clifton R. |author3=McConaghy, Mary D. |date=April 2006 | publisher = University Archives, University of Pennsylvania | url = http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/crew/1800s/histy_bargeclub.html | accessdate = 6 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Beischer 2006, p299">{{Cite book
| last       = Beischer
| first      = Thomas G.
| title      = The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'
| chapter    = Control and Competition: The Architecture of Boathouse Row
| volume     = 130
|date=July 2006
| location   =
| publisher  = Historical Society of Pennsylvania
| page       = 299
| url        = http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/pmh/130.3/beischer.html
}}</ref>

<ref name=BoatClub>{{cite web | title = College Boat Club, Penn Crew|last1=Tannenbaum|first1 =Seth S. |first2= Clifton R. |last2=Hood|first3=Mary D.|last3=McConaghy |url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/crew/1800s/histy_boatclub.html |publisher=Archives.upenn.edu |date= April 2006|accessdate=2010-10-27}}</ref>

<ref name="Boathouse Row">{{Cite web | title = Boathouse Row | publisher = Living Places | url = http://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Philadelphia_County/Philadelphia_City/Boathouse_Row.html | accessdate = 30 April 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="boathouserow: clubs">{{Cite web| title = Schuylkill Navy Clubs| publisher = Schuylkill Navy| url = http://www.boathouserow.org/clubs.html| accessdate = 30 April 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="boathouserow: pachist2">{{Cite web | last = Sweeney | first = Joe | title = The History of the Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association: Part 2 - Beginning of the Clubs | publisher = Schuylkill Navy | url = http://www.boathouserow.org/pac/pachist2.html | accessdate = 30 April 2010 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100620205959/http://boathouserow.org/pac/pachist2.html | archivedate = 20 June 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="boathouserow: pachist3">{{Cite web
| last       = Sweeney
| first      = Joe
| title      = The History of the Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association: Part 3 - Penn AC is Formed
| publisher  = Schuylkill Navy
| url        = http://www.boathouserow.org/pac/pachist3.html
| accessdate = 7 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="boathouserow: crescent">{{Cite web | title = Crescent Boat Club | publisher = Schuylkill Navy | url = http://www.boathouserow.org/clubs/crescent.html | accessdate = 30 April 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=Burt>{{Cite book | last = Burt | first = Nathaniel | title = The Perennial Philadelphians: the anatomy of an American aristocracy | chapter = The Schuylkill Navy | publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press | year = 1999 | pages = 297–98 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=L9ueb6r1uXgC&pg=PA297 | isbn = 978-0-8122-1693-6}}</ref>

<ref name="Castle Ringstetten">{{Cite web
| title      = Castle Ringstetten
| publisher  = Undine Barge Club
| url        = http://undine.com/wordpress/about/ringstetten
| accessdate = 28 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Conestoga High School Crew">{{Cite web | title = About Us, History | publisher = Conestoga High School Crew | url = http://www.conestogacrew.org/Club_History.htm | accessdate = 5 May 2010 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725191041/http://www.conestogacrew.org/Club_History.htm | archivedate = 25 July 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Crescent Boat Club">{{Cite web | title = Crescent Boat Club, History | publisher = Crescent Boat Club | url = http://www.crescentboatclub.org | accessdate = 3 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Crowther 1905, p165-6">{{Cite book | last = Crowther | first = Samuel |author2=Arthur Brown Ruhl  | title = Rowing and Track Athletics | chapter = The Association of Amateur Oarsmen | publisher = MacMillan | year = 1905 | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog/page/n185 165]–66 | url = https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog}}</ref>

<ref name="Crowther 1905, p24">{{Cite book | last = Crowther | first = Samuel |author2=Arthur Brown Ruhl  | title = Rowing and Track Athletics | chapter = The Beginning of Rowing | publisher = MacMillan | year = 1905 | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog/page/n42 24] | url = https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog}} J. Ashurst Bowie, Horace G. Browne, Alexander B. Coxe, Pemberton S. Hutchinson, Chas. I. Macouen, J. Beauclerc Newman, James H. Peabody, Edmund A. Robinson, George H. Waring, and John W. Williams.</ref>

<ref name="Crowther 1905a">{{Cite book| last = Crowther| first = Samuel|author2=Arthur Brown Ruhl | title = Rowing and Track Athletics| publisher = MacMillan| year = 1905| location = New York| page = [https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog/page/n42 24]| url = https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog}} Sources are inconsistent about who was at the first meeting. For example, Neptune and [[Pennsylvania Barge Club|Pennsylvania]] are listed as represented at the meeting on the Schuylkill Navy website. See {{Cite web| title = Schuylkill Navy Clubs| publisher = Schuylkill Navy| url = http://www.boathouserow.org/clubs.html| accessdate = 30 April 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Crowther 1905b">{{Cite book| last = Crowther| first = Samuel|author2=Arthur Brown Ruhl | title = Rowing and Track Athletics| publisher = MacMillan| year = 1905| location = New York| page = [https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog/page/n42 24]| url = https://archive.org/details/rowingandtracka01ruhlgoog}} Again, sources are inconsistent about which clubs were founders. For example, some sources indicate that [[Undine Barge Club|Undine]] and [[Bachelors Barge Club|Bachelors]] were founding members. See {{harv|Janssen|1888|pp=210–13}}</ref>

<ref name="Dad Vail">{{cite web|last=Bradley|title=The Dad Vail True Story|url=http://www.dadvail.org/History|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Dedication of St. Joseph's Boathouse">[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Dedication+of+St.+Joseph's+Boathouse,+First+New+One+on+the+Schuylkill...-a087464863 Dedication of St. Joseph's Boathouse, First New One on the Schuylkill in 98 Years, Set for June 15, thefreelibrary.com]</ref>

<ref name=Drexel>{{Cite web | title = Drexel Crew to Row Out of Historic Bachelors Barge Club | publisher = Drexel University Athletics | url = http://www.drexeldragons.com/news/2008/11/19/crewbachelors.aspx | accessdate = 5 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=fairmountrowing>{{Cite web | last = Silverberg | first = Lee | title = A Very Brief History of the Fairmount Rowing Association | publisher = Fairmount Rowing Association | date = 19 May 2008 | url = http://www.fairmountrowing.org/history.htm | accessdate = 1 May 2010 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213553/http://www.fairmountrowing.org/history.htm | archivedate = 4 October 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gillin Boat Club">{{Cite web| title = Facilities, Rober Gillin, Jr. Boathouse| publisher = Saint Joseph's University Hawks| url = http://www.sjuhawks.com/facilities/stjs-gillin-boathouse.html| accessdate = 19 May 2010| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100716200142/http://www.sjuhawks.com/facilities/stjs-gillin-boathouse.html| archivedate = 16 July 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=Heiland16>{{harv|Heiland|1938|p=16}}</ref>
<ref name=Heiland57>{{harv|Heiland|1938|p=57}}</ref>
<ref name=Heiland58>{{harv|Heiland|1938|p=58}}</ref>
<ref name=Heiland59>{{harv|Heiland|1938|p=59}}</ref>
<ref name="Heiland57-8">{{harv|Heiland|1938|pp=57–58}}</ref>
<ref name=Heiland60>{{harv|Heiland|1938|p=60}}</ref>

<ref name="HOSR2009-11">{{harv|Thomas Eakins Head of the Schuylkill Regatta|2009 Program|p=11}}</ref>
<ref name="HOSR2009-18">{{harv|Thomas Eakins Head of the Schuylkill Regatta|2009 Program|p=18}}</ref>
<ref name="HOSR2009-19">{{harv|Thomas Eakins Head of the Schuylkill Regatta|2009 Program|p=19}}</ref>
<ref name="HOSR2009-20">{{harv|Thomas Eakins Head of the Schuylkill Regatta|2009 Program|p=20}}</ref>
<ref name="James Castellan">James Castellan competed in the 1976 olympics. ''See'' {{Cite web | last = Hood | first = Clifton R. | title = Penn in the Olympics: Penn Athletes Competing in the Olympic Games | publisher = University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania | date = June 2006 | url = http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/olympics/athletes.html | accessdate = 1 May 2010 }} Castellan is a Fairmount rower. ''See'' {{Cite web | last = Silverberg | first = Lee | title = A Very Brief History of the Fairmount Rowing Association | publisher = Fairmount Rowing Association | date = 19 May 2008 | url = http://www.fairmountrowing.org/history.htm | accessdate = 1 May 2010 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213553/http://www.fairmountrowing.org/history.htm | archivedate = 4 October 2013 }}</ref>
<ref name="Janssen 1888, p211">{{harv|Janssen|1888|p=211 |accessdate=2010-10-27}}</ref>
<ref name="Janssen 1888, pp211-2">{{harv|Janssen|1888| ch = Malta Boat Club|pp = 211–12}}</ref>
<ref name="Jefferson 1983">{{Cite web| last = Moak| first = Jefferson| title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory--Nomination Form| publisher = NPS Focus, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior| page = 669| date = 27 November 1983| url = http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NHLS&item=Text/87000821.djvu&style=nps/FOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item(SUMMARY,COPYRIGHT),cat(Name)&page=18| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140227233931/http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NHLS&item=Text/87000821.djvu&style=nps/FOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item(SUMMARY,COPYRIGHT),cat(Name)&page=18| url-status = dead| archive-date = February 27, 2014| accessdate = 7 May 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Keyser 1872, p21">{{Cite book | last = Keyser | first = K. C. | title = Fairmount Park: Sketches of its Scenery, Waters, and History | chapter = Fairmount Park | edition = 5th | publisher = Claxton, Remsen, and Haffelfinger | location = Philadelphia | year = 1872 | page = [https://archive.org/details/fairmountparksk00keysgoog/page/n21 21] | url = https://archive.org/details/fairmountparksk00keysgoog}}</ref>
<ref name="Kirkpatrick 2006, p.141">{{Cite book | last = Kirkpatrick | first = Sidney D. | title = The Revenge of Thomas Eakins | chapter = Champion Oarsman | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2006 | page = [https://archive.org/details/revengeofthomase00kirk/page/141 141] | url = https://archive.org/details/revengeofthomase00kirk | url-access = registration | isbn = 978-0-300-10855-2}}</ref>
<ref name=LivingPlaces>{{Cite web| title = Boathouse Row| publisher = Living Places| url = http://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Philadelphia_County/Philadelphia_City/Boathouse_Row.html| accessdate = 30 April 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Morris Family Papers, Collection 2000B">{{cite web| title = Morris Family Papers, Collection 2000B, 1695-1965 (bulk 1772-1884) | publisher = The Historical Society of Pennsylvania | year = 2007 | page = 12 | url = http://www.hsp.org/files/findingaid2000bmorris.pdf | accessdate = 3 May 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100607193730/http://www.hsp.org/files/findingaid2000bmorris.pdf| archivedate= 7 June 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
<ref name="NHL07">{{Cite web|title=Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State |publisher=National Historic Landmarks Survey, National Park Service |page=81 |url=http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf |accessdate=6 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824165403/http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf |archivedate=August 24, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="NPS12">{{Cite web | last = Moak | first = Jefferson | title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory--Nomination Form | publisher = NPS Focus, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior | page = 661 |date=27 November 1983 | url = http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NHLS&item=Text/87000821.djvu&style=nps/FOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item(SUMMARY,COPYRIGHT),cat(Name)&page=12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140227232306/http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NHLS&item=Text/87000821.djvu&style=nps/FOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item(SUMMARY,COPYRIGHT),cat(Name)&page=12 | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 27, 2014 | accessdate = 7 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="NPS14">{{Cite web | title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory--Nomination Form | publisher = NPS Focus, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior | page = 663 | date = 27 November 1983 | url = http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NHLS&item=Text/87000821.djvu&style=nps/FOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item(SUMMARY,COPYRIGHT),cat(Name)&page=14 | accessdate = 7 May 2010 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140227225201/http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NHLS&item=Text%2F87000821.djvu&style=nps%2FFOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item%28SUMMARY%2CCOPYRIGHT%29%2Ccat%28Name%29&page=14 | archivedate = 27 February 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name="NRHP Focus">[http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov NPS Focus, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior] designating buildings 1-15 E. River Dr. (Boathouse Row) as Historic places. Search "Boat House Row" in the Resource Name box.</ref>

<ref name="Pamphlet 1915">{{Cite web | title = Program Pamphlet, Pennsylvania Barge Club, Album: Rowing and Regattas, Schuylkill Navy Records | year = 1915 | publisher = Independence Seaport Museum | url = http://www.phillyseaport.org/web_exhibits/what_we_saved-ephemera_exhibit/records/rowing-penna_barge.html | accessdate = 3 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Pamphlet 1898">{{Cite web | title = Program Pamphlet, Twenty sixth Annual Regatta of the NAAO, Album: Rowing and Regattas, Schuylkill Navy Records | year = 1898 | publisher = Independence Seaport Museum | url = http://www.phillyseaport.org/web_exhibits/what_we_saved-ephemera_exhibit/records/rowing-naao.html | accessdate = 3 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Peverelly 1866, p213">{{Cite book | last = Peverelly | first = Charles A. | title = The Book of American Pastimes | publisher = Author | chapter = Malta Boat Club | year = 1866 | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/bookamericanpas00pevegoog/page/n232 213] | url = https://archive.org/details/bookamericanpas00pevegoog }}</ref>

<ref name="Peverelly 1866, p217">Pickwick Barge Club was founded in 1865.{{Cite book | last = Peverelly | first = Charles A. | title = The Book of American Pastimes | publisher = Author | chapter = Pickwick Barge Club | year = 1866 | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/bookamericanpas00pevegoog/page/n236 217] | url = https://archive.org/details/bookamericanpas00pevegoog }}</ref>

<ref name="pitchengine.com">{{cite web|last=DeLorenzo|first=Jim|title=Over 200 Runners Set for the 107th Schuylkill Navy Run in Philadelphia Thanksgiving Day|url=http://www.pitchengine.com/philadelphiaclassicregattaseries/over-200-runners-set-for-the-107th-schuylkill-navy-run-in-philadelphia-thanksgiving-day|accessdate=8 October 2013}}</ref>

<ref name=Quinn>[http://thebulletin.us/articles/2009/05/15/sports/doc4a0d5d6e1a09f909932880.txt Brendan F. Quinn, "A New Era of Rowing at St. Joseph's Prep", ''The Bulletin'', May 15, 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521102647/http://thebulletin.us/articles/2009/05/15/sports/doc4a0d5d6e1a09f909932880.txt |date=May 21, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name=sjuhawks>[http://www.sjuhawks.com/facilities/stjs-gillin-boathouse.html Rober Gillin, Jr. Boathouse, sjuhawks.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716200142/http://www.sjuhawks.com/facilities/stjs-gillin-boathouse.html |date=2010-07-16 }}</ref>

<ref name="Scharf 1884">{{Cite book | last = Scharf | first = John Thomas |author2=Westcott, Thompson  | title = History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884 | volume = 3 | chapter = Public Squares, Parks, and Monuments | publisher = L. H. Everts & Company | year = 1884 | page = 1871 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8uYkAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1871}}</ref>

<ref name="Schuylkill Navy Records">{{cite web|last=Good|first=Megan|title=Schuylkill Navy Records, 1859-2009|url=http://www.phillyseaport.org/images/schuylkill%20navy%20records.pdf|publisher=Independence Seaport Museum, J. Welles Henderson Archives and Library|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Stan Cwiklinski">[[Stan Cwiklinski]], 1964 US Olympic gold medalist in the Men's Eight, rowed with Fairmount until joining [[Vesper Boat Club]] in 1963. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111119/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/cw/stan-cwiklinski-1.html Stan Cwiklinski sports-reference.com]</ref>

<ref name="Stillner5">Stillner, p. 5</ref>
<ref name="Stillner105">Stillner, p. 105</ref>
<ref name="Stillner101-2">Stillner, p. 101–2</ref>

<ref name=Stotesbury>{{Cite web | title = The Stotesbury Cup Regatta | publisher = Stotesbury.com | url = http://www.stotesbury.com/links/stotesburycup.html | accessdate = 5 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Teresa Z. Bell">Teresa Z. Bell won an Olympic medal in the Lightweight Women’s Double. ''See'' {{Cite news | last = Walker | first = Teresa M. | title = U.S. Rowing Women Fall Short Of Gold | newspaper = Washington Post |date=28 July 1996 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/olympics/daily/rowing/july/28/row28.htm | accessdate = 1 May 2010}} Bell was rowing out of Fairmount. ''See'' {{Cite news | title = Schuylkill Navy Honors Philadelphia's National Teamers | newspaper = Rowing News | volume = 3 | number = 22 |date=15–29 December 1996 | page = 3 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YUcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PP3 | accessdate = 1 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=Thayer284>{{Cite book | last = Thayer | first = John B. | chapter = The Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia | title = The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography | volume = 29 |date=June 1904 | location = Philadelphia | publisher = Historical Society of Pennsylvania | pages = 284 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5hHFp_Ku9XIC&pg=PA284 }}</ref>

<ref name=Thayer287>{{Cite book | last = Thayer | first = John B. | chapter = The Early Years of the University Barge Club of Philadelphia | title = The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography | volume = 29 |date=June 1904 | location = Philadelphia | publisher = Historical Society of Pennsylvania | pages = 287–88 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5hHFp_Ku9XIC&pg=PA287 }}</ref>

<ref name="Undine Barge Club">{{Cite web
| title      = The Boat House
| publisher  = Undine Barge Club
| url        = http://undine.com/wordpress/about/the-boathouse
| accessdate = 7 May 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="USRowing 2009">{{Cite web | title = USRowing Announces 2009 World Championships Roster | publisher = United States Olympic Committee |date=10 August 2009 | url = http://rowing.teamusa.org/news/2009/08/10/usrowing-announces-2009-world-championships-roster/14905 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110728083828/http://rowing.teamusa.org/news/2009/08/10/usrowing-announces-2009-world-championships-roster/14905 | url-status = dead | archive-date = July 28, 2011 | accessdate = 5 May 2010}}</ref>
}}

;Bibliography
* {{Cite book |last=Janssen |first=Frederick William |year=1888 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2p68grSMFoC&pg=PA211 |title=Outing Library of Sports: American Amateur Athletic and Aquatic History 1829–1888 |accessdate=2010-10-27 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Heiland |first=Louis |year=1938 |title=The Schuylkill Navy of Philadelphia, 1858 - 1937 |publisher=The Drake Press, Inc |location=Philadelphia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRdrOgAACAAJ }}
* {{Cite book |last=Cain |first=Charles F. |year=1960 |title=The Schuylkill Navy of Philadelphia, 1838 - 1958 |publisher=Franklin Printing Company |location=Philadelphia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuM7NQAACAAJ}}
* {{Cite web |last=Van Allen |first=Peter |year=2009 |title=Thomas Eakins Head of the Schuylkill Regatta 2009 Program |publisher=Thomas Eakins Head of the Schuylkill Regatta |url=http://www.hosr.org/2009HOSRPROGRAM.pdf |accessdate=30 April 2010 |ref={{harvid |Thomas Eakins Head of the Schuylkill Regatta |2009 Program}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100512165218/http://www.hosr.org/2009HOSRPROGRAM.pdf |archivedate=12 May 2010 }}
* {{Cite thesis| last = Stillner| first = Anna| title = The Philadelphia Girls' Rowing Club: An Incremental Historic Structure Report| year = 2005| url = http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/41| accessdate = 30 April 2010 }}

{{Schuylkill Navy}}

[[Category:Schuylkill Navy| ]]
[[Category:History of rowing]]
[[Category:Sports in Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Rowing in the United States]]
[[Category:Schuylkill River]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Rowing associations]]