View source for School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

{{Short description|French higher education institution in Paris}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox university
 | image_name             = Logo EHESS 2021 RVB.jpg
 | image_size             = 180px
 | name                   = The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences
 | native_name            = {{Lang|fr|École des hautes études en sciences sociales|italic=no}}
 | other_names            = EHESS
 | established            = {{start date and age|23 January 1975}}
 | type                   = {{Lang|fr|[[Grands établissements|Grand établissement]]}}<br />[[Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel|EPCSCP]]
 | budget                 = €60 million<ref name="e">{{cite web |url=http://www.ehess.fr/fr/ecole/ |title=EHESS : l'École |access-date=2008-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605074249/http://www.ehess.fr/fr/ecole/ |archive-date=2008-06-05 }}</ref>
 | president              = Romain Huret
 | students               = 3,000<ref name="e"/>
 | faculty                = 830
 | administrative_staff   = 450
 | city                   = [[Paris]], [[Marseille]], [[Toulouse]], [[Lyon]]
 | country                = [[France]]
 | campus                 = [[Urban area|Urban]]
 | former_names           = {{Lang|fr|[[École libre des hautes études]]|italics=no}} (1941–1946)<br />{{Lang|fr|[[École pratique des hautes études]]|italics=no}}, VI Section (1947–1975)
 | website                = {{URL|http://www.ehess.fr/en|ehess.fr}}
}}
The '''School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences''' ({{langx|fr|École des hautes études en sciences sociales}}, '''EHESS''') is a graduate ''[[grande école]]'' and ''[[grands établissements|grand établissement]]'' in Paris focused on academic research in the social sciences. The school awards [[Master of Research|Master]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degrees alone and conjointly with the grandes écoles [[École normale supérieure (Paris)|École normale supérieure]], [[École polytechnique]], and [[École pratique des hautes études]].

Originally a department (Section VI) of the École pratique des hautes études, created in 1868 with the purpose of training academic researchers, the EHESS became an independent institution in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |title=Décret n° 2005-1444 du 24 novembre 2005 relatif à l'Ecole pratique des hautes études |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000634415 |website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr |access-date=15 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423083151/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000634415 |archive-date=Apr 23, 2023 |language=fr |date=24 Nov 2005 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Décret n° 2019-1130 du 5 novembre 2019 portant création de l'Université Paris sciences et lettres (Université PSL) et approbation de ses statuts |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000039323049/ |website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr |access-date=15 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206091646/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000039323049 |archive-date=Dec 6, 2022 |language=fr |date=5 Nov 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Today its research covers [[social science]]s, [[humanities]], and [[applied mathematics]]. Degrees and research in economics and finance are awarded through the [[Paris School of Economics]].

The EHESS, in common with other grandes écoles, is a small school with very strict entry criteria, and admits students through a rigorous selection process based on applicants' research projects. Scholars in training are subsequently free to choose their own [[curriculum]] amongst the School's fields of research. The ''école'' has a small student-faculty ratio; 830 researchers for 3,000 students (27.6%).

Most of the School's faculty belong to other institutions, mostly within the [[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] and schools affiliated with [[Paris Sciences et Lettres University|PSL University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ehess.fr/fr/partenaires|title=Partenaires|first=Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences|last=Sociales|date=December 7, 2015|website=EHESS}}</ref> The School is notable for its work connected to amongst others sociologist [[Pierre Bourdieu]], philosopher [[Jacques Derrida]], as well as economist [[Thomas Piketty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sociales |first=Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences |date=2016-03-02 |title=History |url=https://www.ehess.fr/en/en/history |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=EHESS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sociales |first=Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences |date=2017-02-21 |title=Thomas Piketty |url=https://www.ehess.fr/fr/personne/thomas-piketty |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=EHESS |language=fr}}</ref>

==History==
===École pratique des hautes études===
Originally part of the [[École pratique des hautes études]] (EPHE) as its ''VI Section: Sciences économiques et sociales'', the EHESS gained autonomy as an independent higher education institution on 23 January 1975. The creation of a dedicated branch for social science research within the EPHE was catalyzed by the ''[[Annales School|Annales]]'' historical school and was supported by several academic initiatives of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], dating to the 1920s. After WWII, the Rockefeller Foundation invested more funds in French institutions, seeking to encourage non-Marxist sociological studies.

The VIth section was created in 1947, and [[Lucien Febvre]] took its head. Soon after its creation (1947), the ''VI Section'', later EHESS, became one of the most influential shapers of contemporary [[historiography]], [[area studies]] and [[social sciences]] methodology, thanks to the contribution of eminent scholars such as [[Fernand Braudel]], [[Jacques Le Goff]] and [[François Furet]]. F. Braudel succeeded L. Febvre in 1956. He concentrated the various study groups at the well-known building on [[boulevard Raspail]] (area of [[allée Claude-Cahun-Marcel-Moore]]), in part by financing from the [[Ford Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ehess.fr/fr/histoire-EHESS|title=L'histoire de l'École|first=Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences|last=Sociales|date=December 19, 2018|website=EHESS}}</ref>

===Independent institution===
Today, the EHESS is one of France's ''Grands établissements''. It functions as a [[research]], [[higher education|teaching]], and degree-granting institution. It offers advanced students high-level programs intended to lead to research careers. Students are admitted on the relevance of their research project and undertake at the EHESS [[master's degree|master programs]] and [[doctorate|doctoral studies]]. The main areas of specialization include: [[history]], [[literary theory]], [[linguistics]], [[philosophy]], [[philology]], [[sociology]], [[anthropology]], [[economics]], [[cognitive science]], [[demographics]], [[geography]], [[archaeology]], [[psychology]], [[law]], and [[mathematics]]. The institution's focus is on [[interdisciplinary]] research within these fields. The EHESS has more than 40 research centers (among which are several joint research units with the [[CNRS]]) and 22 doctoral programs, 13 of which are in partnership with other French [[List of universities in France|Universities]] and ''[[Grandes écoles]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ehess.fr/fr/unit%C3%A9s-et-centres-recherche|title=Les unités et centres de recherche|first=Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences|last=Sociales|date=November 25, 2015|website=EHESS}}</ref>

==Research==

=== History ===
====Influence from the Annales School====
[[Lucien Febvre]] and [[Fernand Braudel]] were members of the [[Annales School|École des Annales]], the dominant school of historical analysis in France during the [[interwar period]]. However, this school of thought was contested by the growing importance of the social sciences and the beginning of [[structuralism]]. Under pressure from [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]], in particular, they integrated new contributions from the fields of [[sociology]] and [[ethnography]] to event-based historical analysis, a concept put forward by the Annales school, to advocate for the concept of "a nearly imperceptible passage of history". They were reproached, along with the structuralists, for ignoring [[politics]] and the individual's influence over his fate during a period in which the colonial wars of liberation were taking place.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}

The work of [[Braudel]], [[Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie|Le Roy Ladurie]] and other historians working under their influence greatly affected the research and official teaching of history in France beginning in the 1960s. The work of [[Jean-Marie Pesez]] renewed interest in the issue of methodology in medieval archeology and created the idea of "material culture".{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} [[François Hartog]], who serves as the director of the school's ancient and modern [[historiography]] department, is also noted for proposing that the problems of modern time schema are not entirely caused by an imperialist past.<ref>Lorenz, Chris; Bevernage, Berber (2013). ''Breaking Up Time: Negotiating the Borders Between Present, Past and Future''. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 209. {{ISBN|978-3-525-31046-5}}.</ref> He is also known for challenging the [[Eurocentrism|Eurocentric]] reflection of history and the present.<ref>Diawara, Mamadou; Lategan, Bernard C.; Rüsen, Jörn (2010). ''Historical Memory in Africa: Dealing with the Past, Reaching for the Future in an Intercultural Context''. Berghahn Books. p. 88. {{ISBN|978-1-84545-652-8}}.</ref>

====New History====
During the 1970s, EHESS became the center of [[Nouvelle histoire|New History]] under the influence of [[Jacques Le Goff]] and [[Pierre Nora]]. During this period, a generation of ethnologists working under the ideas of [[Georges Balandier]] and [[Marc Augé]] were critical of the French colonial tradition and applied modern sociological concepts to third world countries.

==== New Polish School of Holocaust Scholarship ====
In 2019, held the [[New Polish School of Holocaust Scholarship (conference)|New Polish School of Holocaust Scholarship conference]]. The conference was disrupted by Polish nationalists.<ref>Par Danielle Delmaire, « Chahut lors d’un colloque sur la Shoah en Pologne », Tsafon [En ligne], 77 | 2019, mis en ligne le 09 septembre 2019, consulté le 15 décembre 2019. URL : [http://journals.openedition.org/tsafon/2049]; DOI : 10.4000/tsafon.2049</ref><ref>[https://theconversation.com/conflits-contemporains-dans-la-culture-polonaise-un-diagnostic-entretien-avec-agnieszka-zuk-3-partie-126384] Conflits contemporains dans la culture polonaise, un diagnostic : entretien avec Agnieszka Żuk, 3ᵉ partie</ref><ref>[https://www.nonfiction.fr/article-10117-comprendre-la-relation-des-polonais-a-la-shoah.htm], Comprendre la relation des Polonais à la Shoah, [[Sylvain Boulouque]], 25 novembre 2019</ref> EHESS President, [[Christophe Prochasson]], said he could not recall such a violent disturbance at any scientific conference.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/03/01/un-colloque-sur-l-histoire-de-la-shoah-perturbe-par-des-nationalistes-polonais_5429753_3224.html] Un colloque sur l’histoire de la Shoah perturbé par des nationalistes polonais, Le Monde</ref> Minister [[Frédérique Vidal]] condemned Polish authorities.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2019/03/04/tensions-entre-la-pologne-et-la-france-apres-l-incident-de-l-ehess_5431359_3210.html] La Pologne minimise les incidents lors d’un colloque sur la Shoah à Paris, Le Monde</ref><ref>[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02177454/document], Behr Valentin, Entre histoire et propagande. Les contributions de l’Institut polonais de la mémoire nationale à la mise en récit de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Allemagne d'aujourd'hui</ref>

===Sociology===
[[Pierre Bourdieu]], [[Luc Boltanski]], [[Alain Touraine]], [[Jean-Claude Passeron]] have all been associated with EHESS.

===Economics===
EHESS has always been a central place for economic debate in Europe. In France this debate is also enabled by the proximity of the researchers in Paris with national economic institutions: In this sense EHESS's advisors who have been drawn from economic professors have enjoyed a large media audience (one notable example was [[Jean Fourastié]]). The diversity of viewpoints has been a priority, and liberal and Marxist economists have had the chance to debate in EHESS. Since the 1970s and 1980s EHESS has focused on quantitative economics, with classes led by well-known professors such as Louis-André Gérard-Varet, Jean-Jacques Laffont, François Bourguignon and Roger Guesnerie. They initiated not only the Paris School of Economics but the Toulouse School of Economics and Grequam (Aix-Marseille).

==Domestic and foreign networks==
===Affiliations===
The school is a founding member of the [[Paris School of Economics]], [[Toulouse School of Economics]], and Aix-Marseille School of Economics, the three French leading centers in [[Quantitative Economics]]. Since 2014 it is an associated member of the Paris Research University (PSL).

===International partnerships===
EHESS has exchange programs with universities such as [[Oxford University|Oxford]] and [[Cambridge University|Cambridge]] in the United Kingdom; [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[Yale University|Yale]], [[University of California]], and [[University of Michigan]] in the United States; [[Heidelberg University|Heidelberg]] in Germany; [[Tokyo University|Tokyo]] and [[Kyoto University|Kyoto]] in Japan; [[Peking University]] in China; and the [[European University Institute]] in [[Florence]], Italy. It also has exchange programs with universities in Asia and the Middle-East, and holds research centers on Asian Studies and Islamic Studies.

==Notable alumni==
{{Main category|School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences alumni}}{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Marwan Bishara]]
* [[Manola Antonioli]]
* [[Roberto Beneduce]]
* [[Nicole Brenez]]
* [[Françoise Briand]]
* [[Manuel Carvalheiro]]
* [[Antonio Casilli]]
* [[Arachu Castro]]
* [[Ophelie Coelho]]
* [[Yves Censi]]
* [[Philippe Corcuff]]
* [[Julien Coupat]]
* [[Louis Chauvel]]
* [[Louis Dumont]]
* [[Pascal Chaigneau]]
* [[Jacques Dassié]]
* [[Robert Delort]]
* [[Božidar Đelić]]
* [[Aïssa Dermouche]]
* [[Mamadou Diawara (ethnologist)|Mamadou Diawara]]
* [[Albert Doja]]
* [[Esther Duflo]]
* [[Serge Dufoulon]]
* [[Moisés Espírito Santo]]
* [[Safi Faye]]
* [[Caroline Fourest]]
* [[Dario Gamboni]]
* [[Susan George (political scientist)|Susan George]]
* [[Mélanie Gourarier]]
* [[Nathalie Heinich]]
* [[Béatrice Hibou]]
* [[Jean Hyppolite]]
* [[Bruno Jaffré]]
* [[Christian Geffray]]
* [[Michel Lauwers]]
* [[Marc Lazar]]
* [[José Manuel López López]]
* [[Frédéric Lordon]]
* [[Édouard Louis]]
* [[Caterina Magni]]
* [[Sabrina Malek]]
* [[Alain Marleix]]
* [[Frédéric Martel]]
* [[Walter Mignolo]]
* [[Laure Murat]]
* [[Sébastien Nadot]]
* [[Guadalupe Nettel]]
* [[Christine Niederberger Betton]]
* [[Laurent Nunez]]
* [[Hector Obalk]]
* [[Thomas Pavel]]
* [[Thomas Piketty]]
* [[Guy Poitevin]]
* [[Ignacio Ramonet]]
* [[Joseph Gaï Ramaka]]
* [[Bernard Salanié]]
* [[Cheick Oumar Sissoko]]
* [[Bernard Stiegler]]
* [[Jean-Louis Swiners]]
* [[David Thesmar]]
* [[Alain Touraine]]
* [[Nicolas Trifon]]
* [[Laurent Turcot]]
* [[Frédéric Vandenberghe]]
* [[Olivier Weber]]
* [[Ioanna Andreesco]]
{{div col end}}
<gallery align="center"><!-- Attempt to keep this to six images, further images can go on the List page -->
Stanislas_Dehaene_2014.jpg|[[Stanislas Dehaene]]
Thomas_Piketty_2015.jpg|[[Thomas Piketty]]
Didier_Fassin.tiff|[[Didier Fassin]]
Esther_Duflo_-_Pop!Tech_2009_-_001_(cropped).jpg|[[Esther Duflo]]
Garreton,_Manuel_Antonio_-FILSA_2015_10_23_fRF05.jpg|[[Manuel Antonio Garretón]]
Jean_Berlie_photo_2.jpg|[[Jean Berlie]]
</gallery>

==Notable faculty==
{{Main category|Academic staff of the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences}}
Past and present [[Faculty (teaching staff)|faculty]] (including [[EPHE]]'s VI Section):
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* {{Interlanguage link|Marc Abélès|fr}}
* [[Sylviane Agacinski]]
* [[Marc Augé]]
* [[Roland Barthes]]
* [[Claude Berge]]
* [[Augustin Berque]]
* [[Pierre Bourdieu]]
* [[François Bourguignon]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Jean Boutier|fr}}
* [[Fernand Braudel]]
* [[Claude Calame]]
* [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]]
* [[Manuel Castells]]
* [[Cornelius Castoriadis]]
* [[Roger Chartier]]
* [[Annie Cohen-Solal]]
* [[Jacques Derrida]]
* [[Philippe Descola]]
* [[Oswald Ducrot]]
* [[Louis Dumont (anthropologist)|Louis Dumont]]
* [[Nicolas Ellison]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Moisés Espírito Santo|fr}}
* [[Lucien Febvre]]
* [[Marc Ferro]]
* [[David Feuerwerker]]
* [[Maribel Fierro]]
* [[François Furet]]
* [[Marcel Gauchet]]
* [[Maurice Godelier]]
* [[Nilüfer Göle]]
* [[Algirdas Julien Greimas]]
* [[Roger Guesnerie]]
* [[Pierre Hadot]]
* [[Bernard Harcourt]]
* [[Stanley Hoffmann]]
* [[Olivier Jeanne]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Rainer Maria Kiesow|fr|3=Rainer Maria Kiesow (juriste)}}
* [[Milan Kundera]]
* [[Jacques Lacan]]
* [[Marie-Claire Lavabre]]
* [[Jacques Le Goff]]
* [[Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie]]
* [[Claude Lefort]]
* [[Pierre Manent]]
* [[Jacques Mehler]]
* [[Christian Metz (critic)|Christian Metz]]
* [[Edgar Morin]]
* [[Thomas Piketty]]
* [[Richard Portes]]
* [[Ignacio Ramonet]]
* [[Juliette Rennes]]
* [[Pierre Rosenstiehl]]
* [[Emma Georgina Rothschild|Emma Rothschild]]
* [[Olivier Roy (professor)|Olivier Roy]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Jean-Marie Schaeffer|fr}}
* [[Jean-Claude Schmitt]]
* [[Carlo Severi]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Wiktor Stoczkowski|fr}}
* [[Sanjay Subrahmanyam]]
* [[Jean Tirole]]
* {{Interlanguage link|Christian Topalov|fr}}
* [[Alain Touraine]]
* [[Alessandro Triulzi]]
* [[Jean-Pierre Vernant]]
* [[Georges Vigarello]]
* [[Arundhati Virmani]]
* [[Eduardo Viveiros de Castro]]
* {{Interlanguage link|François Weil|fr}}
* {{Interlanguage link|Michael Werner (historian)|fr|3=Michael Werner|lt=Michael Werner}}
* [[Michel Wieviorka]]
{{div col end}}
<gallery align="center">
File:Levi-strauss 260.jpg|[[Claude Lévi-Strauss]]
File:Emma Rothschild, historiadora da economia, Professora em Harvard, esposa de Amartya Sen (7110290673).jpg|[[Emma Georgina Rothschild]]
File:Jean Tirole (cropped).jpg|[[Jean Tirole]]
File:Pierre Bourdieu (1).jpg|[[Pierre Bourdieu]]
File:Edgar Morin no Fronteiras do Pensamento Porto Alegre 2011 (6035645529).jpg|alt=Edgar Morin|[[Edgar Morin]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[École libre des hautes études]]
* [[The New School for Social Research]]
* [[Paris Universitas]]
* [[:Category:School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences alumni]]
* [[:Category:Academic staff of the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|École des hautes études en sciences sociales}}
* [http://www.ehess.fr/ L'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales - official site]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150905090626/http://www.ehess.fr/fr/ecole/historique/ EHESS's history]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.ehess.fr/fr/recherche/centres/ List of EHESS research centers]

{{Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel}}
{{Public universities and higher education institutes in France}}
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[[Category:School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences| ]]
[[Category:Grands établissements]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1975]]
[[Category:6th arrondissement of Paris]]
[[Category:Social science research institutes]]
[[Category:Research institutes in France]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Universities in Paris]]
[[Category:Grandes écoles]]