View source for Sazan

{{Short description|Island in Albania}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox island
| name               = Sazan
| native_name        = Ishulli i Sazanit
| image_name         = Sazan_Island,_Albania_2016_02.jpg
| image_caption      = Sazan seen from the [[Karaburun Peninsula, Albania|Karaburun Peninsula]]
| coordinates        = {{Coord|40|29|37|N|19|16|50|E|region:AL-LU_type:isl|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| location           = 
| area_km2           = 5.7
| length_km          = 4.8
| width_km           = 2
| elevation_m        = 344
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="SIpeaks">{{cite web|author1=Agjencia Kombëtare e Bregdetit|title=Management Plan for Sazani Island, Albania|url=http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|website=bregdeti.gov.al|page=11|language=en|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820100300/http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| pushpin_map        = Albania
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| pushpin_label_position = left
| country            = [[Albania]]
| country_admin_divisions_title = State
| country_admin_divisions = [[Vlorë County]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Municipality
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Vlorë]]
| module             = {{Infobox lighthouse | qid = Q33412384 | embed=yes
| yearbuilt = 1871 (first)
| yearlit  = 1920s (current)
| shape = cylindrical tower attached to a 2-storey keeper's house<ref name=listoflights113>{{cite ngall|113|2015|}}</ref><ref>{{Cite rowlett|alb|access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref>
}}
}}

'''Sazan Island''' ({{lang-sq-definite|Ishulli i Sazanit}}){{efn|It is also known as ''Saseno'', ''Sasnum'', ''Saseni'', ''Sasno'', ''Sason'', ''Suazi'', and ''Saso''.}} is an [[Albania|Albanian]] uninhabited [[island]] in the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The largest of [[Islands of Albania|Albania's islands]], it is a designated [[military exclusion zone]]; it lies in a strategically important location between the [[Strait of Otranto]] and the mouth of the [[Bay of Vlorë]], which marks the border between the Adriatic and [[Ionian Sea|Ionian]] seas.

In 2010, {{convert|2721.87|ha}} of the island's surrounding marine area was designated as the [[Karaburun-Sazan Marine Park]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Management Plan for National Marine Park Karaburun-Sazan|url=http://mcpa.iwlearn.org/docs/management-plan-for-mpa-karaburun-sazani|website=mcpa.iwlearn.org|page=10|language=en|quote=The total area of National Park Karaburun-Sazan is 12,570.82 ha, with marine area near Karaburuni having 9,848.95 ha and marine area near Sazani island having 2,721.87 ha.}}</ref> In clear weather, Sazan is sometimes visible from the coast of [[Salento]], [[Italy]], to its west. The island has been open to the public since July 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazetatema.net/web/2015/07/26/fotolajm-anija-e-pare-turistike-me-119-turiste-mberriti-ne-sazan/|title=Fotolajm/ Anija e parë turistike me 119 turistë mbërriti në Sazan|date=26 July 2015|access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref> The island has a surface area of {{convert|5.7|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. It is {{convert|4.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide, and its coastline measures about {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Agjencia Kombëtare e Bregdetit |title=Management Plan for Sazani Island, Albania |url=http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf |website=bregdeti.gov.al |page=9 |language=en |access-date=24 September 2017 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820100300/http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:16th century depiction of Sazan Island.jpg|left|thumb|1571 depiction of Sazan Island with a fortified building]]
[[File:Saseno - Coronelli Vincenzo - 1688.jpg|right|thumb|Map of Sazan Island in 1688]]

===Antiquity===
Sazan was known as ''Sason'' (Σάσων) to the ancient Greeks, and ''Saso'' to the ancient Romans. Pseudo-Scylax mentioned it in his ''[[Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax|Periplus]]''.<ref>[https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/graeca/Chronologia/S_ante06/Skylax/sky_p001.html Pseudo Scylax, Periplous, §26]</ref> [[Polybius]] wrote that there had been a military encounter there in 215 BC between the forces of [[Philip V of Macedon]] and the Romans. The island was part of the [[Roman Empire]], and later came under [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule. 

===Medieval Period===
In 1264, a naval clash known as the [[Battle of Sazan]] took place off the island, between the [[Republic of Genoa]] and the [[Republic of Venice]].

In 1279, it was captured by the [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Kingdom of Albania]], and in the 14th century, it was held by [[Albanian nobility|Albanian lords]], often under the protection of the Republic of Venice. 

In 1371–1372, following the seizure of [[Vlorë]] by the [[Balsha noble family]], many inhabitants fled to the nearby Sazan Island, where they placed themselves under Venetian protection. Although the Balshas retained control of the surrounding mainland territories such as Vlorë and [[Kaninë]], Venice effectively exercised practical control over Sazan. By the late 1380s, [[Comita Muzaka]], widow of [[Balsha II]], formally recognized Venetian dominion over the island by providing an annual tribute of rowers for the Venetian fleet, confirming Venice's legal authority there.{{sfn|Miller|2014|pp=435–437}}

A contemporary record from 18 September 1372 in [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusa]] records a maritime incident involving Sazan island. Jurça, a sailor, appeared before the [[Rector (Ragusa)|rector]] Ser Johannes de Grede to complain about Potrentinus, his brother Miralia, and Goico Stanče of Vlorë, who were then residing on Sazan Island. He reported that in June of the previous year, they had captured him along with two of his ships, seizing fifteen [[gold ducats]], two swords, three shields, a bow with its string, a barrel of wine, and two sacks of cloth. They also detained him and his sailors for a full month. This event is documented in the "Lamento de foris 1370–1373."{{sfn|Sufflay|Jireček|Thallóczy|1918|p=70}}

By 1393, Sazan was securely acknowledged as under Venetian control, while Vlorë and Kaninë remained under Comita's authority. Following Comita's death, her daughter [[Rugjina Balsha]]'s husband, [[Mrkša Žarković]], ruled the [[Principality of Vlorë]] from 1396 to 1414, after which Rugjina Balsha herself ruled from 1414 to 1417. Eventually, the advancing Ottomans captured the region, and by 1418, Vlorë and the surrounding bay, including Sazan, fell under Ottoman control.{{sfn|Miller|2014|pp=435–437}}

Before the establishment of Ottoman control, Sazan Island was an important maritime and religious site in the southern Adriatic. The island hosted a [[Marian shrine]], recorded in Italian sources as '''S. Maria della Suazi''', and later identified with the [[Greek Orthodox]] chapel dedicated to the [[Virgin Mary]]. By the late 15th century, a second chapel dedicated to [[Saint Nicholas]] is also recorded on the island. These religious sites were part of a broader network of coastal shrines devoted to Mary and St Nicholas, including S. Maria de Casopoli in [[Corfu]], and S. Maria de le Scanfarie in the [[Strofades Islands]], reflecting the island's role as both a spiritual sanctuary and a navigational landmark. Sazan was located along a perilous stretch of the Adriatic, where sailors faced dangerous currents, storms, and the risk of shipwreck, and its bays provided a sheltered anchorage. Monastic buildings on the island contributed to its reputation for holiness. Marian and St Nicholas shrines were frequently paired along Adriatic maritime routes, reflecting their role in providing protection to seafarers. Pilgrimage itineraries and liturgical sources, such as the Sante Parole, mention Sazan Island and indicate its importance as a religious site for travelers during the Late Middle Ages.{{sfn|Bacci|2017|pp=91–94}} 

By the late 15th century, Sazan had become an important [[Ottoman Navy|Ottoman naval base]] in the [[Adriatic]]. A contemporary travel account by [[Arnold von Harff]] in 1497 described Sazan as a very fine harbour where the Ottomans regularly stationed ships. The island contained two small Greek Orthodox chapels, one dedicated to the Virgin Mary and the other to Saint Nicholas, and was also used by the [[Bayezid II|Sultan]] to graze valuable horses. The Ottoman forces launched their 1480 expedition across the Adriatic to [[Apulia]] and [[Calabria]] from Sazan, leading to the [[Ottoman conquest of Otranto|capture of Otranto]].{{sfn|Elsie|2003|p=33}}

In the early 16th century, the Ottoman admiral and cartographer [[Piri Reis]], in his book ''[[Kitab-ı Bahriye]]'', completed in 1521, described Sazan as a navigational landmark. He noted the presence of drinking water and a landing place on the eastern side of the island, as well as the ruins of a church; possibly the remains of the chapels mentioned by Arnold von Harff a few decades earlier. Piri Reis also advised anchoring in ten [[fathom]]s of water to avoid the rocky seabed, and warned of a submerged [[reef]] nearby.{{sfn|Elsie|2003|p=56}}

By 1696 it fell back into Venetian suzerainty.

===Modern Era===
After the ending of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in 1815, the island came under British control together with the [[Ionian Islands]] as part of the [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|Treaty of Paris]]. In 1864, the island was ceded to [[Greece]] along with the Ionian Islands.<ref name="AE">{{Cite book |last=Zonn |first=Igor S. |last2=Kostianoy |first2=Andrey G. |last3=Semenov |first3=Aleksandr V. |last4=Joksimović |first4=Aleksandar |last5=Đurović |first5=Mirko |entry=Sazan Island (Sazani Island) |entry-url=https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-3-030-50032-0_491 |title=The Adriatic Sea Encyclopedia |date=2021 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-030-50031-3 |page=305}}</ref> But Greece did not occupy it, and it came under the ''de facto'' control of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]]. The ending of the [[First Balkan War]] in 1913 saw Italy taking control of the island and putting a military post there.<ref name="AE"/> This was later ratified on 26 April 1915 by the secret [[Treaty of London (1915)|Treaty of London]]. After [[World War I]], Albania formally ceded the island to Italy on 2 September 1920 as part of the [[Vlora War#Armistice|Albano-Italian protocol]]. The island was part of Italy from 1920 until after [[World War II]], administratively part of [[Lastovo|Lagosta]], in the province of [[Zadar|Zara]]. In those years, the Italian authorities built a [[lighthouse]] and some naval fortifications, and populated the island with a few families of fishermen relocated from [[Apulia]].<ref>Olinto Mileta. ''Popolazioni dell'Istria, Fiume, Zara e Dalmazia 1850–2002''. ediz. A.D.E.S. Trieste, 2005</ref> 

During [[World War II]], Sazan was home to a base for German and Italian submarines. After the war, in 1947, the [[Paris Peace Treaty]] transferred sovereignty over the island to Albania.<ref name="AE"/>

===Post–World War II===
During the [[Cold War]] between the [[Soviet Union]] and the United States, Albania relied heavily on the Soviet Union. During that time, the Soviets built a base for [[Whiskey-class submarine]]s and a chemical/biological weapons plant on the island and surrounding areas. The island stationed around 3,000 soldiers during this period.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Byng |first=Malaika |date=2015-08-11 |title=Albania's most secretive military base opens to tourists |url=https://thespaces.com/sazan-island-communist-albanias-most-secretive-military-base-opens-to-tourists/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Spaces |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Shilling |first=Erik |date=2017-04-07 |title=You Will Soon Be Able to Visit a Secretive and Mysterious Island Off Albania |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/sazan-island-tourism |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=[[Atlas Obscura]] |language=en}}</ref> However, the [[Soviet-Albanian split]] in the early 1960s marked the end of the Soviet naval presence on Sazan.<ref name="AE"/> After the fall of [[communism]] four submarines remained at [[Pasha Liman Base|Pasha Limani port]] in the bay of Vlore.<ref name=SazanSubase>{{cite web|title=Take a Look Inside These Abandoned Submarines & Bases|url=http://www.historyinorbit.com/take-a-look-inside-these-abandoned-submarines-and-bases/38|work=History in Orbit website|author=Ryan|page=38|date=15 March 2015|access-date=6 July 2018|archive-date=11 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211174200/http://www.historyinorbit.com/take-a-look-inside-these-abandoned-submarines-and-bases/38/|url-status=dead}}</ref> To this day, many Soviet-era [[gas masks]] can still be found scattered around the valley of the island.

The island now is uninhabited but there is a small Italo-Albanian naval base, of reportedly two soldiers, used mainly to counter [[contraband]] between southern Italy and Albania, as a training field for the British [[Royal Navy]] and as shelter for boats in nearby Albanian waters.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.secondorisorgimento.it/rivista/cultura/italbania.htm |title=Cooperation between Italy and Albania (in Italian) |access-date=20 May 2010 |archive-date=6 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306203809/http://www.secondorisorgimento.it/rivista/cultura/italbania.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=SazanSubase/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-19 |title=This Mysterious Albanian Island Is Reopening to Tourists This Summer |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/mysterious-albanian-island-reopening-tourists-summer-180962932/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> There are approximately 3,600 nuclear bunkers which were built by Albania during the Cold War.<ref name=":0" /> There is also a [[villa]] on the island belonging to the former communist [[Ministry of Defence (Albania)|defence minister]] [[Beqir Balluku]]. In 2010, the island's surrounding sea waters, and those of adjacent [[Karaburun Peninsula, Albania|Karaburun Peninsula]] were proclaimed a National Marine Park by the Albanian government.

== Environment ==
=== Geography and climate ===
[[File:Sazan-island-map-english.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Map of Sazan Island]]

Sazan is the largest island in the country and Albania's westernmost point. It is strategically located at the entrance to the [[Bay of Vlorë]], in the eastern [[Strait of Otranto]] separating [[Italy]] from Albania. It is also located at the informal junction line of the [[Adriatic]] and [[Ionian Sea]] inside the [[Mediterranean Sea]], which is just to the south according to international scientific bodies.

The island is composed of [[limestone]] rocks, which was formed during the [[Cretaceous period]], while the eastern part is partially composed of terrigenic and cleistogenic deposits.<ref name="SIecology">{{cite web|author1=Agjencia Kombëtare e Bregdetit|title=Management Plan for Sazani Island, Albania|url=http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|website=bregdeti.gov.al|page=18|language=en|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820100300/http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has four peaks, the highest standing at {{convert|344|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[above sea level]] followed by two peaks in the center {{convert|331|m|ft|abbr=on}} and {{convert|307|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and the lowest with {{convert|228|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the south of the island.<ref name="SIpeaks"/> Sazan has a coastline of about {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} characterized by sandy beaches, capes, rocky cliffs and underwater fauna. [[File:Shen Nicolo Bay - Sazan 2023.png|thumb|Bay of St. Nicholas]] Along its western shore the cliffs descending up to {{convert|40|m|mi|abbr=on}} underwater. Capes of the island include the Bay of Paradise (''Gjiri i Parajsës''), Bay of St. Nicholas (''Gjiri i Shënkollit''), Cape of Shënkoll, Cape of Kallam, Cape of Jug, Cape of Pëllumba, and Cape of Pulbardha.<ref name="SIpeaks"/>

A small [[tornado]] or [[waterspout]] was spotted along the coast coming inland in August 2002.<ref>http://www.tornadoit.org/lefoto28.htm Trombe marine e tornado sull'isola di Saseno (Albania) nell'agosto 2002, Tornadoit.org</ref>

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Sazan (1991–2010)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 16.3
|Feb high C = 17.5
|Mar high C = 18.6
|Apr high C = 20.1
|May high C = 22.9
|Jun high C = 25.6
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Aug high C = 28.4
|Sep high C = 25.8
|Oct high C = 23.4
|Nov high C = 19.6
|Dec high C = 17.4
|Jan low C = 10.2
|Feb low C = 10.5
|Mar low C = 11.7
|Apr low C = 13.3
|May low C = 16.4
|Jun low C = 21.3
|Jul low C = 23.7
|Aug low C = 23.4
|Sep low C = 21.2
|Oct low C = 16.5
|Nov low C = 13.1
|Dec low C = 11.1
|Jan precipitation days = 10
|Feb precipitation days = 9
|Mar precipitation days = 7
|Apr precipitation days = 6
|May precipitation days = 4
|Jun precipitation days = 3
|Jul precipitation days = 1
|Aug precipitation days = 2
|Sep precipitation days = 4
|Oct precipitation days = 7
|Nov precipitation days = 10
|Dec precipitation days = 11
|source 1 = METEOALB Weather Station
|date=August 2010
}}

=== Flora and fauna ===
[[File:Jacobaea maritima.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Jacobaea maritima]]'' can be found on the eastern coast.<ref name="SIflora"/>]]
[[File:Pracht-Kieleidechse.JPG|thumb|The [[Dalmatian algyroides]] is the most remarkable reptile on Sazan.<ref name="SIfauna"/>]]

[[Biogeographically]], Sazan Island falls within the [[Illyrian deciduous forests]] terrestrial [[ecoregion]] of the [[Palearctic realm|Palearctic]] [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub]]. Due to the combination of southern geographic [[latitude]] and high [[altitude]] and as well the variation of climate, geological and hydrological conditions have contributed to the formation of a unique [[flora]] inside the island.

The variety of flora and vegetation can be explained by its strategic position between the western and eastern [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name="SIflora">{{cite web|author1=Agjencia Kombëtare e Bregdetit|title=Management Plan for Sazani Island, Albania|url=http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|website=bregdeti.gov.al|pages=21–26|language=en|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820100300/http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The island is home to 435 species (419 [[Indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]]) of [[vascular plant]]s, or 8.2% of Albania's entire vascular flora.<ref name="SIflora"/> There are only one endemic (''[[Limonium anfractum]]'') and three subendemic (''[[Centaurea pawlowski]]'', ''[[Scutellaria rupestris]]'' and ''[[Verbascum guicciardini]]'') plants.<ref name="SIflora"/> The varied relief creates various ecological environments for plants, further diversified by the dominant rock types which form siliceous and calcareous terrain on the territory of the park. The rocky shores and [[limestone]] sea cliffs on the southern corners of Sazan are home to numerous [[halophile]] species such as ''[[Lotus cytisoides]]'' and ''Limonium anfractum''.<ref name="SIflora" /> The forests of Sazan are generally composed of [[shrub]]s, [[sclerophyll]] forests with [[Quercus ilex|holm oak]], [[deciduous]] forests with [[hophornbeam]] and [[south European flowering ash]].<ref name="SIflora"/>

Due to its specific topographic, climatic, hydrological, and geological conditions, the island has unique vegetation and biodiversity. The fauna is represented by 15 species of [[mammal]]s (including 8 species of bats such as the [[common pipistrelle]], and [[soprano pipistrelle]]<ref name="SIfauna" />), 39 species of [[bird]]s,<ref>{{cite web |author1=Euronatur |title= Adriatic Flyway – Bird Conservation on the Balkans |url=https://www.euronatur.org/fileadmin/docs/Vogeljagd-Kampagne/Adriatic_Flyway_Proceedings_04-05-17.pdf |website=euronatur.org |pages=107–118 |language=en |access-date=13 June 2018 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516001729/https://www.euronatur.org/fileadmin/docs/Vogeljagd-Kampagne/Adriatic_Flyway_Proceedings_04-05-17.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8 species of [[reptile]]s, 1 species of [[amphibia]] and as well as 122 species of invertebrates.<ref name="SIfauna">{{cite web|author1=Agjencia Kombëtare e Bregdetit|title=Management Plan for Sazani Island, Albania|url=http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|website=bregdeti.gov.al|pages=27–35|language=en|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820100300/http://www.bregdeti.gov.al/doc%20pdf/Sazani%20island%20management%20plan%20130115.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The bird species in Sazan with high conservation value include 23 [[songbird]]s, 5 [[bird of prey]]s, 3 [[pigeon]]s, and 3 [[Swift (bird)|swift]]s.<ref name="SIfauna"/>

The amphibians are represented by 1 of which include the [[Bufo viridis|green toad]] nesting in the wet deciduous forests and the forest streams. There are eight reptile species. The [[Mediterranean house gecko]], [[Hermann's tortoise]], [[Balkan pond turtle]], [[sheltopusik]], [[blue-throated keeled lizard]], [[Balkan wall lizard]], [[Montpellier snake]], and [[Balkan whip snake]] are present in most rocky and wet natural habitats on the island.<ref name="SIfauna"/>

There are 122 identified species, including 113 [[insect]]s, but their actual number is estimated to be higher.<ref name="SIfauna"/> Among the insects forty are [[beetle]]s, sixteen [[Butterfly|butterflies]], twenty-two [[heteroptera]], twenty [[orthoptera]], five [[dragonflies]], and ten [[hymenoptera]].<ref name="SIfauna"/>

== See also ==
{{Portal|left=yes|Geography|Engineering}}
* [[Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast|Albanian Adriatic]] and [[Albanian Ionian Sea Coast|Ionian Sea Coast]]
* [[Geography of Albania]]
* [[Sazan Island Resort]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Bacci |first=Michele |title=Marian Cult-sites along the Venetian sea-routes to Holy Land in the Late Middle Ages|url=https://www.academia.edu/83282833/|year=2017 |publisher=University of Salento|isbn=}}
* {{cite book |last=Elsie |first=Robert |title=Early Albania A Reader of Historical Texts, 11th–17th Centuries|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=_sHmTRCEe7kC |year=2003 |publisher=Harrassowitz|isbn=978-3-4470-4783-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Miller |first=William |title=Essays on the Latin Orient|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=0wpEBgAAQBAJ|year=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-1074-5553-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Sufflay |first=Emil von |last2=Jireček |first2=Konstantin |last3=Thallóczy |first3=Lajos |title=Acta et diplomata res Albaniae mediae aetatis illustrantia|volume=2|trans-title= Acts and documents illustrating the affairs of medieval Albania|lang=la|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=jPI7AAAAMAAJ|year=1918 |publisher=typis A. Holzhausen}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Sazan}}

{{Islands of Albania}}
{{Authority control|additional=Q33412384}}

[[Category:Geography of Vlorë County]]
[[Category:History of the Ionian Islands]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of Albania]]
[[Category:Islands of the Adriatic Sea]]
[[Category:Karaburun-Sazan Marine Park]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Vlorë County]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Albania]]
[[Category:Vlorë County]]