View source for Saveh

{{Short description|City in Markazi province, Iran}}

{{Redirect|Savah|the community in the United States|Savah, Indiana{{!}}Savah|the administrative division of Markazi province|Saveh County|the village in Razavi Khorasan province|Saveh, Razavi Khorasan{{!}}Saveh}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
|name                    = Saveh
|native_name             = {{langx|fa|ساوه}}
|native_name_lang        = fa
|settlement_type         = City
|image_skyline           = Shahrdari square in Saveh.jpg
|imagesize               = 
|image_alt               = 
|image_caption           = Shahrdari Square in Saveh
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|map_alt                 = 
|map_caption             = 
|pushpin_map             = Iran
|pushpin_map_alt         = 
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|coordinates             = {{Coord|35|01|40|N|50|21|40|E|dim:2km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes   = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=35.027778&mlon=50.361111&zoom=14#map=14/35.02778/50.36111|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Saveh, Saveh County|date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|lang=fa}}</ref>
|subdivision_type        = Country
|subdivision_name        = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1       = [[Markazi province|Markazi]]
|subdivision_type2       = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2       = [[Saveh County|Saveh]]
|subdivision_type3       = [[Bakhsh|District]]
|subdivision_name3       = [[Central District (Saveh County)|Central]]
|established_title       = 
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|unit_pref               = Metric
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|area_total_km2          = 
|elevation_footnotes     = 
|elevation_m             = 1008
|population_footnotes    = <ref name="2016 Markazi Province"/>
|population_as_of        = 2016
|population_total        = 220762
|population_density_km2  = auto
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|timezone                = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset              = +3:30
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|website                 = {{URL|http://www.savehcity.ir}}<br>{{URL|http://www.saveh125.ir}}
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}}

'''Saveh''' ({{langx|fa|ساوه}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Sāveh'''; also known as '''Sāwa'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3083174}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Saveh County)|Central District]] of [[Saveh County]], [[Markazi province|Markazi]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Markazi Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of Markazi province's divisions to the citizenship of Arak city|language=fa|website=lamtakam.com|via=Lam ta Kam|url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113046|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118143614/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113046|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Political Commission of Defense of the Government Board|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=18 January 2024|date=c. 2024|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|id=Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Notification 84900/T123K|access-date=18 January 2024}}</ref> It is about {{cvt|120|km|-1}} southwest of [[Tehran]].<ref>"Savah". [[11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]].</ref><ref name="mayor">{{cite news|title=Iran's only female mayor sweeps up small town|date=August 4, 2004|publisher=The Daily Star|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=2&article_id=6882}}</ref>

==History==
In the 7th century BC it was a stronghold of the [[Medes]]. During the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian rule of Persia]], it was called '''Saavakineh''', and was one of the main hubs of the empire.

In the 11th century, it was a residence of the [[Daylamites]] and of the [[Seljuks]]. It was severely damaged by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century; it was restored during the [[Ilkhanids]]. Saveh was again sacked by the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurids]], but later grew under the [[Safavids]]. In the summer of 1725 the city was besieged and captured by the [[Hotak dynasty|Afghans]] after a battle with Tahmasp Mirza.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=2910640051|title=The Afghan Occupation of Safavid Persia, 1721-1729|last1=Floor|first1=Willem M.|year=1998|publisher=Peeters Publishers & Booksellers }}</ref> It eventually lost much of its importance when [[Tehran]] became the official capital of Persia and, in the mid-19th century, many of the inhabitants moved to Tehran.

==Demographics==
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 179,009 in 48,221 households.<ref name="2006 Markazi Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Markazi Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/00.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084413/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/00.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 200,481 people in 58,255 households.<ref name="2011 Markazi Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Markazi Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Markazi.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119170600/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Markazi.xls|archive-date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 220,762 people in 67,230 households.<ref name="2016 Markazi Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Markazi Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_00.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017052005/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_00.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

==Climate==
Saveh has a [[hot semi-arid climate]], (''BSh'') in [[Köppen climate classification]] and (''BS'') in [[Trewartha climate classification]].<ref name="IRIMO.IR">{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp|title=Climate: Saveh - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher= IRIMO.IR |access-date=30 August 2013}}</ref> Its summers are very hot and dry, while its winters are cool to cold and somewhat rainy.

{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Saveh, altitude: 1108.0 m, from 1992–2005.
|Jan record high C = 19.6
|Feb record high C = 23.6
|Mar record high C = 29.0
|Apr record high C = 33.6
|May record high C = 39.8
|Jun record high C = 42.0
|Jul record high C = 43.8
|Aug record high C = 43.0
|Sep record high C = 39.6
|Oct record high C = 34.6
|Nov record high C = 28.0
|Dec record high C = 23.6
|Jan high C = 9.6
|Feb high C = 12.5
|Mar high C = 17.1
|Apr high C = 23.7
|May high C = 29.3
|Jun high C = 35.2
|Jul high C = 37.7
|Aug high C = 37.2
|Sep high C = 33.0
|Oct high C = 26.1
|Nov high C = 17.1
|Dec high C = 11.0
|Jan mean C = 4.8
|Feb mean C = 7.0
|Mar mean C = 11.4
|Apr mean C = 17.7
|May mean C = 22.9
|Jun mean C = 28.5
|Jul mean C = 31.4
|Aug mean C = 30.8
|Sep mean C = 26.2
|Oct mean C = 19.8
|Nov mean C = 11.7
|Dec mean C = 6.5
|Jan low C = 0.1
|Feb low C = 1.5
|Mar low C = 5.8
|Apr low C = 11.7
|May low C = 16.4
|Jun low C = 21.8
|Jul low C = 25.1
|Aug low C = 24.4
|Sep low C = 19.4
|Oct low C = 13.4
|Nov low C = 6.4
|Dec low C = 2.0
|Jan record low C = -11.0
|Feb record low C = -14.4
|Mar record low C = -4.6
|Apr record low C = 0.8
|May record low C = 6.8
|Jun record low C = 13.0
|Jul record low C = 17.6
|Aug record low C = 16.6
|Sep record low C = 11.2
|Oct record low C = 5.6
|Nov record low C = -7.2
|Dec record low C = -6.5

|Jan precipitation days= 7.5
|Feb precipitation days= 5.8
|Mar precipitation days= 7.3
|Apr precipitation days= 7.5
|May precipitation days= 6.2
|Jun precipitation days= 1.2
|Jul precipitation days= 0.9
|Aug precipitation days= 0.3
|Sep precipitation days= 0.5
|Oct precipitation days= 2.3
|Nov precipitation days= 5.9
|Dec precipitation days= 6.9

|precipitation colour=green

|Jan precipitation mm = 36.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 23.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 34.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 28.0
|May precipitation mm = 14.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 1.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 1.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 0.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 6.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 28.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 33.1

|source 1 = <ref name="chaharmahalmet.ir">[http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp I.R. OF IRAN SHAHREKORD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829024954/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp |date=2017-08-29 }}. 1992–2005</ref>
|date=1992-2005
}}

==Economy==
Saveh produces large amounts of wheat and cotton. It is also well known for its pomegranates and melons.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Columbia Gazetteer of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiagazettee02cohe|url-access=registration|first=Saul|last=Cohen|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1998|page=2833|isbn=9780231110402 }}</ref> Kaveh Industrial City, the largest industrial city in Iran, is located in Saveh.

==Main sights==
*[[Jameh Mosque of Saveh]], built by the Seljuks during the 11th century. It includes  a courtyard, porch, a 14&nbsp;m tall minaret,  nocturnal areas, a tiled dome (14 m tall, with a diameter of 16&nbsp;m) and two  altars with inscription in Kufic script.
*Red Mosque of Saveh, also known as Enqelab Mosque. Dating to the [[Seljuk-era]], it has a brickwork dome, an 11th-century minaret, three porticoes, and internally houses an altar with plasterwork and inscriptions.
*Imamzadeh Soltan Seyed Eshaq Mausoleum
*Sorkhdeh Bridge, south of the city
*Khamseh-Abad caravansarai

Outside the city are the fortresses of Esmaeilieh (35&nbsp;km), Alvir and Ardemin (56&nbsp;km, on the road to [[Hamadan]]), as well as the archaeological sites of Aveh and Alishar.

==Legends==
According to Iranian tradition, the [[Biblical Magi|Magi]] who visited the infant [[Jesus]] traveled from Saveh, and are buried among its ruins. [[Marco Polo]] described the tombs of the Magi in his travel book, ''[[The Travels of Marco Polo|Il Milione]]'':

{{quote|In Persia is the city of Saba, from which the Three Magi set out... and in this city they are buried, in three very large and beautiful monuments, side by side. And above them there is a square building, beautifully kept. The bodies are still entire, with hair and beard remaining. (Book i).<ref name="polo">{{cite book | author = [[Marco Polo|Polo, Marco]] and [[Rustichello da Pisa]] | year = 1903 | title = The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition | editor = [[Henry Yule]] and [[Henri Cordier]] | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10636/10636-8.txt}}</ref>}}

Saveh is said to have possessed one of the greatest libraries in the [[Middle East]], until its destruction by the [[Mongols]] during their first invasion of Iran.<ref name="polo"/>

Another legend about Saveh is the Lake of Saveh. It is a lake which is said to have been located near the city. According to the legend mentioned in historical Persian texts, this lake dried out on the night of the birth of [[Muhammad]]. A recent investigation in the Zarand area between Tehran and Saveh has revealed some evidence of the existence of this lake in [[Zarand Plain]].<ref>Okhravi, R. and Djamali, M. (2003). "The missing ancient lake of Saveh: a historical review". ''Iranica Antiqua'', 38, 327-344.</ref>

==Politics==
In 2004, Saveh became only the second city in the history of the [[History of Iran|Islamic Republic]] to appoint a woman as mayor.<ref name="mayor"/>

==Notable people==
* [[Yusuf Adil Shah]] (former [[Mamluk]] and founder of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]])

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Harold f Weston - Iran10.jpg|Saveh Gate, 1920s 
Saveh Bazaar.jpg|Saveh Bazaar
Saveh Mosque 8.jpg|[[Jameh Mosque of Saveh]]
Menareh masjed saveh2.jpg|Minaret of Jameh Mosque of Saveh 
Saveh Bazaar Mosque.jpg|Saveh Bazaar Mosque
Sardaran square in Saveh.jpg|Sardaran square
</gallery>

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== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.savehcity.ir/HomePage.aspx?Lang=en-US Official website]

{{Authority control}}

{{Markazi Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Saveh County|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Cities in Markazi province]]

[[Category:Populated places in Saveh County]]