View source for Savate

{{short description|French combat sport}}
{{For|the Olivier Gruner film|Savate (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}

{{Infobox martial art
| logo         = 
| logocaption  = 
| logosize     = 
| image        = Seminario Internacional Savate Cuba 2008.jpg
| imagecaption = 
| imagesize    = 
| name         = Savate
| aka          = French boxing, <br/>French footfighting<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|title= French Boxers in England.; Attempt to Popularise Self-Defense by a New Style of Kicking.|work= New York Times|date=31 October 1898|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1898/10/31/archives/french-boxers-in-england-attempt-to-popularize-selfdefense-by-a-new.html|access-date=10 August 2010}}</ref>
| focus        = [[Kick]] [[Federation Internationale de Savate]]
| hardness     = [[Contact sport|Full contact]]
| country      = [[France]]<ref>{{cite news|title= The Nobel Art."; Self-Defense by Kicking Exemplified by French Artists in London.|work= New York Times|date=10 November 1898|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1898/11/10/archives/the-noble-art-selfdefense-by-kicking-exemplified-by-french-artists.html|access-date=10 August 2010}}</ref>
| creator      = [[Michel Casseux]], [[Charles Lecour]]
| parenthood   = [[Boxing]], Ancient footfighting
| famous_pract = (see notable practitioners)
| olympic      = only the [[1924 Summer Olympics]]<ref name="Books.google.co.uk">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mM0XzW03AcC&q=Savate&pg=PA72|title=Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement|isbn=9780810875227|access-date=10 January 2015|last1=Mallon|first1=Bill|last2=Heijmans|first2=Jeroen|date=11 August 2011|page=97|publisher=Scarecrow Press }}</ref>
| website      = 
|descendant arts=[[Kickboxing]], [[Jeet Kune Do]],<ref>Title: Bruce Lee - Between Wing Chun and Jeet Kune Do, Author: Jesse Glover, Publisher: Glover Publications (January 1, 1976) {{ISBN|0-9602328-0-X}} {{ISBN|978-0-9602328-0-2}}.</ref>{{pn|date=July 2023}} [[Mixed Martial Arts]]
}}

'''Savate''' ({{IPA|fr|savat}}), also known as '''French Boxing''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Boxe Française'') or '''French Foot Fighting''', is a French hybrid [[martial art]] and [[full-contact]] [[combat sport]] that combines principles of [[boxing|western boxing]] with a wide variety of [[kick]]ing techniques.<ref>{{cite news|title= Getting Your Kicks With French Boxing Lomita Fighting, Fitness Academy Teaches the Sweet Science of Savate |work= [[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=30 October 1988|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-10-30-sp-822-story.html|access-date=25 November 2010|first=Adam|last=Martin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackbeltmag.com/daily/traditional-martial-arts-training/savate/savate-the-french-manly-art-of-self-defense-part-2/|title=Savate: The French Manly Art of Self-Defense (Part 2)|date=20 March 2013|publisher=Blackbeltmag.com|access-date=10 January 2015|archive-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121093332/http://www.blackbeltmag.com/daily/traditional-martial-arts-training/savate/savate-the-french-manly-art-of-self-defense-part-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackbeltmag.com/daily/traditional-martial-arts-training/savate/savate-the-french-manly-art-of-self-defense/|title=Savate: The French Manly Art of Self-Defense|date=19 March 2013|publisher=Blackbeltmag.com|access-date=10 January 2015|archive-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121082554/http://www.blackbeltmag.com/daily/traditional-martial-arts-training/savate/savate-the-french-manly-art-of-self-defense/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-gFh0Xf0pEC&q=Savate&pg=PT265|title=The Way of the Warrior|isbn=9781405330954|access-date=10 January 2015|last1=Crudelli|first1=Chris|date=October 2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited }}</ref> Unlike [[kickboxing]] which allow [[knee (strike)|knee]] and/or [[tibia|shin]] strikes in competitive bouts, savate involves kicking exclusively with one's feet, but participants can nonetheless target any part of the body. The sport is also notable for requiring [[footwear]] to be worn by the competitors, as would be expected from individuals fighting in the streets. A male practitioner of savate is called a "tireur" while a female one is a "tireuse".<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title= FITNESS BOUND; Holiday pounds? Give 'em a swift kick |work= [[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=18 December 2006|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-dec-18-he-savate18-story.html|access-date=25 November 2010|first=Jenny|last=Hontz}}</ref>

'''Savate de rue''' ({{literal translation|street savate}}), the term used to differentiate the original martial art meant for [[self-defense]] from the subsequent combat sport, is an overarching [[hand-to-hand combat]] discipline that incorporates knee and elbow strikes as well as [[joint lock|joint locks]], [[sweep (martial arts)|sweeps]], [[throw (grappling)|throws]], [[headbutt|headbutts]] and [[takedown (grappling)|takedowns]], in addition to punches and kicks.

==Etymology==

''Savate'' takes its name from the French for "old shoe" or "old boot", referencing heavy footwear (more specifically the boots worn by French sailors at the time the discipline emerged).

==History==

The modern formalized form is mainly an amalgam of French [[street fighting]] techniques from the beginning of the 19th century. Savate was then a type of street fighting common in [[Paris]] and northern [[France]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v32oHSE5t6cC&pg=PA519 |title=Martial Arts of the World: R-Z|isbn=9781576071502|access-date=10 January 2015|last1=Green|first1=Thomas A.|year=2001|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9kDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA98 |title=Black Belt September 1997|date=September 1997|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA70 |title=Black Belt November 2004|date=November 2004|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref>

According to one theory, in the time of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], his soldiers publicly displayed their "aptitudes" by kicking their prisoners' behinds. The punishment was known as “Savate”, which can be translated as “old shoe”.<ref name="Chausson/Savate"/>

===Origin===

Savate originated in France in the 17th century and was practiced by some [[sailor]]s in the southern port of [[Marseille]]. According to historians, it was developed and learned by sailors on board the ships during their trips to the countries of the [[Indian Ocean]] and [[China Seas]].<ref name="Chausson/Savate">{{Cite web|url=https://www.efdeportes.com/efd158/o-chausson-savate-influenciou-a-capoeira.htm|title=Crônica da capoeira (GEM). O 'Chausson/Savate' influenciou a capoeira?|website=www.efdeportes.com}}</ref> Subsequently, in every bar fight in French ports, it was common to see savate kicks. Sailors called this type of combat "Chausson", in reference to the slippers normally worn on board.<ref name="Chausson/Savate"/> 

Contact with African and Brazilian fighting styles also occurred through interaction between French sailors and martial arts practitioners in the country's colonial holdings. French naval ships between 1820 and 1833 travelled from France to ports in Brazil ([[Capoeira]]), [[Martinique]] ([[Danmyé]]) and Madagascar ([[Moraingy]]).<ref name="Chausson/Savate"/>

===Early history===
[[File:Savate (colorized).jpg|thumb|Illustration from [[1847]] of French sailors practicing savate on a ship.]]
[[File:Bleu a la savate.jpg|thumb|Savate illustration from the 19th century, showing a kick similar to a ''[[rabo de arraia]]'' in capoeira.]]

In the south, especially in the port of [[Marseille]], sailors developed a fighting style involving high kicks and open-handed slaps. It is conjectured that this kicking style was developed in this way to allow the fighter to use a hand to hold onto something for balance on a rocking ship's deck, and that the kicks and slaps were used on land to avoid the legal penalties for using a closed fist, which was considered a [[deadly weapon]] under the law. It was known as the ''jeu marseillais'' (game from Marseille), and was later renamed ''chausson'' ([[slipper]], after the type of shoes the sailors wore). In contrast, at this time in England (the home of [[boxing]] and the [[Marquess of Queensberry rules|Queensberry rules]]), kicking was seen as unsportsmanlike.

Traditional savate was a northern French development, especially in Paris' slums, and always used heavy shoes and boots derived from its potential military origins. Street fighting savate, unlike chausson, kept the kicks low, almost never targeted above the groin, and they were delivered with vicious, bone-breaking intent. Parisian savate also featured open hand blows, in thrusting or smashing palm strikes (la baffe) or in stunning slaps targeted to facial nerves. Techniques of savate or chausson were at this time also developed in the ports of northwest Italy and northeastern Spain—hence one savate kick named the "Italian kick" (''chassé italien'').

=== Reform ===

The two key historical figures in the history of the shift from street fighting to the modern sport of savate are [[Michel Casseux]] (also known as ''le Pisseux'')<ref>Thomas A. Green, ''Martial Arts of the World'', ABC-CLIO, 2001, p.519</ref> (1794–1869) and [[Charles Lecour]] (1808–1894). Casseux opened the first establishment in 1825 for practicing and promoting a regulated version of chausson and savate (disallowing head butting, eye gouging, grappling, etc.).

However, the sport had not shaken its reputation as a street-fighting technique. 
Charles Lecour created a modern edition of the martial art by 1830.  Charles Lecour incorporated boxing techniques with kicking techniques and showed how to use them together.  He was the first to see savate as both a sport and self-defense system.  Charles Lecour was the first to add English [[boxing gloves]] to the martial art which allowed his students to train their punches without injuring their hands.<ref>Coleman, J. (1982, February). The Fighting Sport of France. Black Belt, 28-32.</ref>

Charles Lecour was exposed to the English art of boxing when he witnessed an English boxing match in France between English pugilist [[Owen Swift]] and Jack Adams in 1838.<ref>''Savate – Canne – Baton au fil des siècle:  la vérifiable histoire de la boxe française'' and Swift's own biography in ''The Handbook To Boxing'' by Renton Nicholson, London 1840.</ref>  Lecour also took part in a friendly sparring match with Swift later in that same year. Lecour felt that he was at a disadvantage, using his hands only to bat his opponent's fists away, rather than to punch. He trained in boxing for a time before combining boxing with chausson and savate to create the sport of savate (or ''boxe française'', as we know it today). At some point ''[[Canne de combat|la canne]]'' and ''[[Bâton français|le baton]]'', [[stick fighting]], were added, and some form of stick fencing, such as ''la canne'', is commonly part of savate training. Those who train purely for competition may omit this. Savate was developed professionally by Lecour's student [[Joseph Charlemont]] and then his son [[Charles Charlemont]]. Charles continued his father's work and in 1899 fought an English boxer named [[Jerry Driscoll (boxer)|Jerry Driscoll]]. He won the match with a round-kick (''fouetté median'') in the eighth round although the English said that it was a kick to the groin. According to the well known English referee, Bernard John Angle of the National Sporting Club, in his book ''My Sporting Memories'' (London, 1925), "Driscoll did not know what he was taking on" when he agreed "to meet the Frenchman at his own game". Angle also said that, "The contest ended in Jerry being counted out to a blow in the groin from the Frenchman's knee." He further alleged that "the timekeeper saved Charlemont several times". After the fight Driscoll bore no grudges, considering the blow to have been "an accident". The French claimed victory for their man by stoppage, following a round-kick to Driscoll's stomach.

=== Codification ===
[[File:Boxe-francaise.jpg|thumb|alt=19th century picture of boxe française|French boxing "tireurs" in 1900]]
Savate was later codified under a Committee National de Boxe Française under [[Charles Charlemont]]'s student [[Pierre Baruzy|Count Pierre Baruzy]] (dit [[Barozzi]]). The Count is seen as the father of modern savate and was 11-time Champion of France and its colonies, his first ring combat and title prior to the [[First World War]]. ''Savate de Défense'', ''Défense Savate'' or ''Savate de Rue'' ("street savate") is the name given to those methods of fighting excluded from savate competition. The International Savate Federation (FIS) is the official worldwide ruling body of savate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9kDAAAAMBAJ&dq=savate+revival&pg=PA98|title = Black Belt|date = September 1997}}</ref>

Perhaps the ultimate recognition of the respectability of savate came in 1924 when it was included as a [[demonstration sport]] in the [[1924 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games in Paris]]. In 2008, savate was recognised by the [[International University Sports Federation]] (FISU) – this recognition allows savate to hold official University World Championships; the first was held in [[Nantes]], France in 2010. The 25th anniversary of the founding of the International Savate Federation, in March 2010, was celebrated with a visit to [[Lausanne]], to meet with [[International Olympic Committee]] President [[Jacques Rogge]]. FISav President Gilles Le Duigou was presented with a memento depicting the [[Olympic Rings]]. In April 2010, the International Savate Federation was accepted as a member of SportAccord (previously known as AGFIS) – a big step forward on the road to Olympic recognition.

==Modern practice==
Despite its roots, savate is a relatively safe sport to learn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ussavate.org/most_frequently_asked_questions.htm |access-date=2 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025055/http://www.ussavate.org/most_frequently_asked_questions.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=USSavate }}</ref>

Today, savate is practiced all over the world by amateurs from Australia to the U.S. and from Finland to Britain. Many countries (including the United States) have national federations devoted to promoting savate.

Modern codified savate provides for three levels of competition: ''assaut'', ''pre-combat'' and ''combat''.

* '''Assaut''' requires the competitors to focus on their technique while still making contact; referees assign penalties for the use of excessive force.
* '''Pre-combat''' allows for full-strength fighting so long as the fighters wear protective gear such as helmets and shinguards.
* '''Combat''', the most intense level, is the same as pre-combat, but protective gear other than groin protection and mouthguards is prohibited.

[[File:Combat 2013 - Crédit-A.ANSART.JPG|thumb|alt=A young competitor executing the savate salute|The savate salute]]

Many martial arts provide ranking systems, such as belt colours.  Savate uses glove colours to indicate a fighter's level of proficiency (unlike arts such as many modern styles of ''karate'', which assign new belts at each promotion, moving to a higher colour rank in savate does not necessarily entail a change in the colour of one's actual gloves, and a given fighter may continue using the same pair of gloves through multiple promotions). Novices begin at no colour.

The qualifications for competition vary depending on the association or commission. In the French Federation a yellow glove can compete, and in Belgium a green glove can compete. In the United States, the competition levels start at novice (6 months). In Russia there is no requirement for a specific glove colour in order to compete.

The ranking of savate: Boxe Française is divided into three roads that a savateur can choose to take.
*Technical road: blue glove, green glove, red glove, white glove, yellow glove, silver glove I, silver glove II and silver glove III (violet glove for those less than 17 years of age). Prior to 1985 silver glove I, II, III did not exist. There was only one technical silver glove Rank (Original GAT) (Combining BF Savate and Canne de combat). After 1985 the silver glove technique (GAT BFS/Canne) was broken into 3 subcategories I, II and III and no longer included Canne de Combat. The "yellow pommel" is the "New GAT (post 1985)" of Canne de Combat.
'''GAT vs GAT# Patches: Pre and Post 1985 patches distinction:''' 
*The few remaining pre-1985 Silver Glove Rank (combining GAT1, GAT2, GAT3 and Canne de combat) wear a unique "GAT" rectangular patch rank (without number) on their uniform and are probably over 59 years old. The GAT was required for professorship.
*Post 1985 Silver glove Rank wear a rectangular patch rank with either "GAT1", "GAT2" and "GAT3". 
Similarly, the former FFBFSDA Professorship of BF-SAVATE requirements included Canne de Combat. New Savate "instructorships" tests do not have these requirements. Both sports have split although still under a same federation. These sports can be used in combinations together.
*Competition road: bronze glove, silver glove I (GAC1), silver glove II (GAC2), silver glove III (GAC3), silver glove IV and silver glove V.
*Teaching ranks: initiateur (instructor level 1), moniteur (instructor level 2/master) and professeur (rarely given). These ranks require additional knowledge than just savate. Examinations includes anatomy, regulations of savate, education training, first aid certification, savate techniques and other.
*Referee ranking: Juge arbitre stagiaire, Juge arbitre
[[File:Championnat Monde (qualif) 2013 - 1.JPG|thumb|Match at the 2013 World Championship qualifiers]]
In some clubs there is also a rank of aide-moniteur, while in other associations there is no rank of initiateur. Eight to twelve years of training on average are necessary for a student to reach professeur level; eight years average depending on skills. In France the professional professeur must have a French state certificate of specialized teaching (CQP AS, BEES 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree, 1st de CCB BPJEPS, DEJEPS, DESJEPS). These diplomas are university level education in sports with specialisation in savate (supervised by the French Federation of BF Savate and associated disciplines (Canne, Self Defense, Lutte, baton) (i.e.:FFBFSDA). The international federation (FIS), however, is still allowed to award professeur to non-French nationals without requiring such rigid system of education. French nationals have to submit and succeed to the rigid system of education and prove themselves in competition as well as being respected by peers, in order to have a slight chance to become a DTD (directeur technique départemental). Like any sport federations in France, the French and International Federation of Savate are under the control of France Ministry of Sport and Youth. This makes these two federations extremely powerful federations on the world scene. These two federations have followed a set of national traditions.

Nowadays, savate is just a term meaning Savate-Boxe Française. In the 1970s the term "savate" was rarely used in France to refer to the formalised sport: people mostly used the term Savate boxe française, Boxe-Française Savate, B.F, B.F.S., S.B.F. or simply boxe française. The term savate remains in use mostly outside France or when speaking a language other than French.
[[File:Championnat Monde (qualif) 2013 - F.JPG|left|thumb|Match between two ''tireuses'' (female Savate boxers)]]
The global distribution of schools (salles) today is best explained through their stylistic approaches:
* La Savate-Boxe Française (1980–present): the technical abilities of both savate's major kicking arsenal and English boxing were merged into a definitive sport of combat.
* La Savate Défense (1994–present): was first presented by Professeur Pierre Chainge, then produced into Self-Defense by Eric Quequet in 2000. After the French Federation dismantled Prof. Chainge and placed Michel Leroux in charge of the formations. It is based on La Boxe Française Savate, La Savate of the late 19th century, La Lutte Parisienne and the discipline* of La canne de Combat (stick) *includes also Le Bâton Français (staff), Le Couteau (knife), Le Poignard (dagger), La Chaise (chair) and Le Manteau (overcoat).
* Re-constructed historical savate: some savate has been re-constructed from old textbooks, such as those written in the late 19th or early 20th century. As such, this form of savate would be considered a [[Historical European martial arts|historical European martial art]]. Re-construction of these older systems may or may not be performed by practitioners familiar with the modern sport and is not at present likely to be particularly widespread.
* La savate forme (2008): Cardio-kickboxing form of La Boxe Française-Savate.

These are the different stylistic approaches of the French arts of pugilism in the world today.

==In the United States==
In the United States Jean-Noel Eynard brought Savate Boxe-Francaise & Canne de Combat (FFBFSDA) as a pioneer to the east coast. it is said that Daniel Duby brought Savate (FNBF) to the west coast in Southern California. The first real FFBFSDA/ FIS club of Boxe-Francaise Savate was open in 1983 on the east coast in Philadelphia at St Joseph's University, under Jean-Noel Eynard, FFBFSDA/ FIS Professeur with the assistance of former FFBFSDA/ FIS DTN Bob Alix. Forward thinking, [https://uspto.report/copyright/17481747 Jean-Noel Eynard] registered a series of written worksheets (1983-1999) titled "''Prof. Eynard's easy guide to savate"'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Eynard's easy guide to savate Copyright Record |url=https://uspto.report/copyright/17481747 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=uspto.report}}</ref> with the U.S. Copyright Office and Library of Congress as copyrighted text, including the word "Savate" as a sport rather than something else.  In 1988 the US Registry of Savate was created on the east coast which became the American Registry of Savate Instructors and Clubs in 1994 (ARSIC-International). Meanwhile, on the west coast Savate clubs were spurring from the California Association of Savate. A couple years later, under the collaborative assistance of a steering committee made of Gilles le Duigou (FIS), JN Eynard, ARSIC-International (PA), Armando Basulto (NJ) and Norman Taylor, USSF president(NJ) as well as few other individuals from California, the official name of United States Savate Federation was given to this combined association. The teaching efforts of Dr. Jean-Noel Eynard, Salem Assli and Nicolas Saignac contributed to the further development of Boxe Francaise Savate in the US. [[Bob Alix and L. Gillot]]'s "pedagogie de la Boxe Francaise"[https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34957287n;jsessionid=DBAC4E8BC39B6EEC1846F243D39FE00C Pédagogie de la boxe française :  de l'école au club] introduced to the world "Contact / Without being touched" mentality (i.e.«être capable de toucher sans être touché»).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Les effets de l'expérience et de l'expertise dans les pratiques d'enseignement en éducation physique et sportive: analyse de deux profils asymétriques en savate boxe française. |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-recherches-en-didactiques-2011-2-page-47.htm |journal=Recherches en Didactiques |date=2011 |doi=10.3917/rdid.012.0047 |access-date=7 April 2022 |last1=Touboul |first1=André |last2=Carnus |first2=Marie-France |last3=Terrisse |first3=André |issue=2 |pages=47–63 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> This teaching methodology was used by the first instructors (Initiateurs, moniteurs) and Professors of SAVATE in the US who got certified by FFBFSDA.  ARSIC-International has been instrumental at promoting savate in the US.<ref>{{cite web |title=American Registry Of Savate Instructors And Clubs-International - Broomall - Company Information |url=https://pennsylvaniadb.com/company/2911596/american-registry-of-savate-instructors-and-clubs-international |website=pennsylvaniadb.com |access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref>

==Dress==
[[File:Chaussure savate.JPG|thumb|alt=Adidas savate shoes|Savate shoes]]In official competitions, competitors wear an ''intégrale'' or a vest and savate trousers. They wear boxing gloves (with or without padded palms) and savate boots. Savate is the only [[kickboxing]] style besides [[Combat Hopak]] to use footwear, although some other combat sports such as [[Shoot Fighting]] and some forms of MMA sometimes also wear grappling-type shoes/boots. Savate boots can be used to hit with the sole, the top of the foot, the toe, or the heel. Sometimes a [[Headgear (martial arts)|Headgear]] can be worn, e.g. in junior competitions and in the early rounds of Combat (full contact) bouts.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

==Techniques==
In competitive or competition ''savate'', which includes Assaut, Pre-Combat, and Combat types, there are only four kinds of kicks allowed along with four kinds of punches allowed:

===Kicks===
#''fouetté'' (literally "whip", roundhouse kick making contact with the toe—hard rubber-toed shoes are worn in practice and bouts), high (figure), medium (médian) or low (bas)
#[[File:Savate chassé frontal 1.JPG|thumb|A ''chassé frontal'' (front kick)]]''chassé'' (side ("chassé lateral") or front ("chassé frontal") piston-action kick, high (figure), medium (médian) or low (bas)
#''revers'', frontal or lateral ("reverse" or hooking kick) making contact with the sole of the shoe, high (figure), medium (médian), or low (bas)
#''coup de pied bas'' ("low kick", a front or sweep kick to the shin making contact with the inner edge of the shoe, performed with a characteristic backwards lean) low only<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ks4DAAAAMBAJ&q=Savate&pg=PA17|title=Black Belt March 1967|date=March 1967|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktsDAAAAMBAJ&q=Savate&pg=PA98|title=Black Belt April 2004|date=April 2004|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref>

===Punches===
#''direct bras avant'' ([[jab]], lead hand)
#''direct bras arrière'' ([[cross (boxing)|cross]], rear hand)
#''crochet'' ([[hook (boxing)|hook]], bent arm with either hand)
#''[[uppercut]]'' (either hand)
[[File:Savate-technics.jpg|thumb|Savate techniques]]
==Savate de rue==

Savate did not begin as a sport, but as a martial art for self-defence taught in the streets of Paris and [[Marseille]]. This type of savate was known as '''Savate de Rue''' (street savate). In addition to kicks and punches, savate de rue incorporates knee and elbow strikes as well as joint locks, sweeps, throws, headbutts and takedowns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7c8DAAAAMBAJ&q=Savate&pg=PA58|title=Black Belt September 1994|date=September 1994|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdYDAAAAMBAJ&q=Savate&pg=PA32|title=Black Belt March 1988|date=March 1988|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4tsDAAAAMBAJ&q=Savate&pg=PA65|title=Black Belt June 1987 |date=June 1987 |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNIDAAAAMBAJ&q=Savate&pg=PA28|title=Black Belt February 1982|date=February 1982|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref>

== Events ==
The International Savate Federation ([[Federation Internationale de Savate]]) holds World Championships in three disciplines: Savate [[Assaut]], Savate [[Combat]] and [[Canne de combat]]. World Savate Combat Championships are being held for Seniors (over 21 years) and Juniors (18 to 21 years).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aimsisf.org/news/qualifying-tournament-of-the-world-savate-combat-championships-2015/ |title=Qualifying Tournament of the World Savate Combat Championships 2015 &#124; AIMS |access-date=17 December 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222113756/http://aimsisf.org/news/qualifying-tournament-of-the-world-savate-combat-championships-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fisavate.org/index.php/en/informations/championnats-results|title=International federation of Savate - Championship Results|website=fisavate.org}}</ref>

=== World Combat Savate Championships (+21 year) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=30|Edition
!width=30|Year
!width=100|Host City
!width=100|Country
!width=30|Events
|-
|4||'''[[2007 World Savate Championships|2007]]''' || France || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|5||'''[[2009 World Savate Championships|2009]]''' || [[Novi Sad]] || align="left"|{{SRB}} ||
|-
|6||'''[[2011 World Savate Championships|2011]]''' || [[Milan]] || align="left"|{{ITA}} ||
|-
|7||'''[[2013 World Savate Championships|2013]]''' || [[Clermont Ferrand]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|8||'''[[2015 World Savate Championships|2015]]''' || [[La Roche-sur-Yon]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|9||'''[[2017 World Savate Championships|2017]]''' || [[Varaždin]] || align="left"|{{CRO}} ||
|-
|10||'''[[2019 World Savate Championships|2019]]''' || [[Hammamet, Tunisia|Hammamet]] || align="left"|{{TUN}} ||
|-
|11||'''[[2021 World Savate Championships|2021]]''' || [[Weiz]] || align="left"|{{AUT}} ||
|-
|12||'''[[2023 World Savate Championships|2023]]''' || [[Varaždin]] || align="left"|{{CRO}} ||
|}

=== World Canne de Combat Savate Championships (+18 year) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=30|Edition
!width=30|Year
!width=100|Host City
!width=100|Country
!width=30|Events
|-
|1||'''[[2003 World Canne de Combat Championships|2003]]''' || [[Reunion Island]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|European||'''[[2006 European Canne de Combat Championships|2006]]''' || [[Strasbourg]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|2||'''[[2008 World Canne de Combat Championships|2008]]''' || [[Frankenberg/Eder]] || align="left"|{{GER}} ||
|-
|European||'''[[2010 European Canne de Combat Championships|2010]]''' || [[Cambridge]] || align="left"|{{GBR}} ||
|-
|3||'''[[2012 World Canne de Combat Championships|2012]]''' || [[Saint-Herblain]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|4||'''[[2014 World Canne de Combat Championships|2014]]''' || [[Budapest]] || align="left"|{{HUN}} ||
|-
|5||'''[[2016 World Canne de Combat  Championships|2016]]''' || [[Varaždin]] || align="left"|{{CRO}} ||
|-
|6||'''[[2018 World Canne de Combat Championships|2018]]''' || [[Plovdiv]] || align="left"|{{BUL}} ||
|-
|7||'''[[2022 World Canne de Combat Championships|2022]]''' || [[Milan]] || align="left"|{{ITA}} ||
|}

=== World Assaut Savate Championships (+18 year) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=30|Edition
!width=30|Year
!width=100|Host City
!width=100|Country
!width=30|Events
|-
|1||'''[[2002 World Savate Championships|2002]]''' || France || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|2||'''[[2004 World Savate Championships|2004]]''' || Plovdiv || align="left"|{{BUL}} ||
|-
|3||'''[[2006 World Savate Championships|2006]]''' || [[Villebon]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|4||'''[[2008 World Savate Championships|2008]]''' || [[Paris]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} || 15
|-
|5||'''[[2010 World Savate Championships|2010]]''' || [[Paris]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|6||'''[[2012 World Savate Championships|2012]]''' || [[Plovdiv]] || align="left"|{{BUL}} ||
|-
|7||'''[[2014 World Savate Championships|2014]]''' || [[Rome]] || align="left"|{{ITA}} ||
|-
|8||'''[[2016 World Savate Championships|2016]]''' || [[Varaždin]] || align="left"|{{CRO}} ||
|-
|9||'''[[2018 World Canne de Combat Championships|2018]]''' || [[Plovdiv]] || align="left"|{{BUL}} ||
|-
|10||'''[[2022 World Canne de Combat Championships|2022]]''' || [[Milan]] || align="left"|{{ITA}} ||
|}

=== World Junior Savate Combat Championships (18 to 21) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=30|Edition
!width=30|Year
!width=100|Host City
!width=100|Country
!width=30|Events
|-
|1||'''[[2007 World Junior Savate Combat Championships|2007]]''' || France || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|2||'''[[2009 World Junior Savate Combat Championships|2009]]''' || [[Novi Sad]] || align="left"|{{SRB}} ||
|-
|3||'''[[2011 World Junior Savate Combat Championships|2011]]''' || [[Milan]] || align="left"|{{ITA}} ||
|-
|4||'''[[2013 World Junior Savate Combat Championships|2013]]''' || [[Clermont Ferrand]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|5||'''[[2015 World Junior Savate Combat Championships|2015]]''' || [[La Roche Sur Yon]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|6||'''[[2017 World Junior Savate Combat Championships|2017]]''' || [[Varaždin]]  || align="left"|{{CRO}} ||
|-
|7||'''[[2019 World Savate Championships|2019]]''' || [[Hammamet, Tunisia|Hammamet]] || align="left"|{{TUN}} ||
|-
|8||'''[[2021 World Savate Championships|2021]]''' || [[Weiz]] || align="left"|{{AUT}} ||
|-
|9||'''[[2023 World Savate Championships|2023]]''' || [[Varaždin]] || align="left"|{{CRO}} ||
|}

=== World Youth Savate Assaut Championships (15 to 17) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=30|Edition
!width=30|Year
!width=100|Host City
!width=100|Country
!width=30|Events
|-
|1||'''[[2011 World Youth Savate Assaut Championships|2011]]''' || [[Villette-d'Anthon]] || align="left"|{{FRA}} ||
|-
|2||'''[[2013 World Youth Savate Assaut Championships|2013]]''' || [[Kladovo]] || align="left"|{{SRB}} ||
|-
|3||'''[[2015 World Youth Savate Assaut Championships|2015]]''' || [[Plovdiv]] || align="left"|{{BUL}} ||
|-
|4||'''[[2017 World Youth Savate Assaut Championships|2017]]''' || [[Varaždinske Toplice|Varaždin]] || align="left"|{{CRO}} || 
|-
|5||'''[[2019 World Youth Savate Assaut Championships|2019]]''' || [[Budapest]] || align="left"|{{HUN}} || 
|-
|6||'''[[2021 World Youth Savate Assaut Championships|2021]]''' || [[Ruma]] || align="left"|{{SRB}} || 
|-
|7||'''[[2023 World Youth Savate Assaut Championships|2023]]''' || [[Podcetrtek]] || align="left"|{{SLO}} || 
|}

== Notable practitioners ==
{{for|practitioners of Savate|Category:Savateurs}}
{{Dynamic list}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Michel Casseux]] 
* [[Joseph Charlemont]]
* [[Gerard Gordeau]]
* [[Gioachino Rossini]]
* [[Francois Pennacchio]]
* [[Baron Castleshort]] (James Gerard Richard Shortt)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usadojo.com/savate/|title = Savate|date = 14 Aug 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arrse.co.uk/wiki/The_Baron_of_Castleshort|title = The Baron of Castleshort}}</ref>
* [[Charles Lecour]]
* [[Bruce Lee]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blackbeltmag.com/savate-from-the-back-alleys-of-france-to-the-martial-arts-world|title = Savate: From the Back Alleys of France to the Martial Arts World|date = 19 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Bruce Lee - Between Wing Chun and Jeet Kune Do|author=Jesse Glover|publisher=Glover Publications|date=January 1, 1976|isbn=0-9602328-0-X}}
</ref>
* [[William E. Fairbairn]]
* [[Christian M'Pumbu]]
* [[Mickey Hardt]]
* [[Robert Paturel]]
* [[Ludovic Millet]]
* [[Alexandre Dumas]]{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* [[Richard Sylla (kickboxer)|Richard Sylla]]
* [[Fred Royers]]
* [[Fedir Shchus]]
* [[Pierre Vigny]]
* [[Silvia La Notte]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Silvia La Notte: "Ho vinto tutto ma Bellator è l'apice della mia carriera" |url=http://www.fightnews.it/2019/09/02/silvia-la-notte-ho-vinto-tutto-ma-bellator-e-lapice-della-mia-carriera/ |website=fightnews.it |date=2 September 2019 |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Titoli |url=https://www.silvialanotte.com/bio/titoli/ |website=silvialanotte.com |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref>
* [[Tom Watson (fighter)]]
* [[Vitor Miranda]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ufc.com/athlete/vitor-miranda|title=Vitor Miranda - Official UFC Fighter Profile|publisher=[[Ultimate Fighting Championship|UFC]]|access-date=December 19, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Patrice Quarteron]]
* [[Cindy Perros]]
* [[Jasmine Harman]]
* [[Pierre Baruzy]]
* [[Peter Lee (fighter)|Peter Lee]]<ref>{{cite web |title=AWA #25 Page #2 |url=https://www.kayfabememories.com/Regions/awa/awa25-2.htm |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref>
* {{illm|Cyrielle Girodias|fr|Cyrielle Girodias}}
* {{illm|Farid Khider|fr|Farid Khider}}
* {{illm|Louis Vigneron|fr|Louis Vigneron}}
* {{illm|Tony Ancelin|fr|Tony Ancelin}} 
{{div col end}}

==Cultural references==
{{in popular culture|date=August 2018}}In "Dr. Wells is Missing", a 1974 episode of ''[[The Six Million Dollar Man]]'' a savate master named Pierre fights with Steve Austin, using the original kicks-only style of the art.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

In [[Marvel Comics]], the criminal mercenary [[Batroc the Leaper]], an adversary of [[Captain America]] and mentor of [[Gwenpool|Gwen Poole]], is a master of savate, training the latter.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} The [[X-Men]] character [[Gambit (Marvel Comics)|Gambit]] is trained in savate.<ref>''Gambit'' vol 3 #16 (May 2000). Marvel Comics.</ref>

In the issue ''[[Flight 714]]'' of ''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]'', [[Professor Calculus]] states that he used to be proficient in savate in his younger years. However, when attempting a kick, he ends up falling terribly, prompting stunned reactions from the onlookers. Dazed, Calculus remarks that he is out of practice. In ''[[The Black Island]]'', Tintin himself kicks a villain and calls it a savate move.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

In the 1967 novel ''[[Logan's Run]]'', protagonist Logan 3 often uses savate kicks for self-defense.

In [[DC Comics]], the character [[Nightwing]] is a martial arts expert whose many skills include savate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thedcdunce.tumblr.com/post/182939408417/nightwing|title=Nightwing|date=22 February 2019}}</ref>

In the Japanese [[manga]] series ''[[Medaka Box]]'' Zenkichi Hitoyoshi is a master of savate, and emphasizes its Open Handed Style Techniques with his "Altered God Mode: Model Zenkichi" which makes his hands as sharp as blades.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manga 'Medaka Box' |url=https://i.imgur.com/is3OCTk.png |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>

In the manga series ''[[Kengan Ashura|Kengan Omega]]'', Nicholas Le Banner uses a martial art he calls 'Sahate', created by incorporating techniques from Fencing, Savate, and Karate.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

In the manga series [[One Piece]], [[Sanji (One Piece)|Sanji]] uses a martial art consisting exclusively of precise kicks using the toe or heel called the "Black Leg" style.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blaga |first=Andreea |date=2023-04-04 |title=One Piece: Sanji's powers explained - Anime Everything |url=https://anime-everything.com/anime/one-piece-sanjis-powers-explained/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> While not textually based on savate, individual techniques have names in French, and the character's other interests draw from mainstream French culture (such as [[French cuisine|cuisine]] and [[French wine|wine]]).

[[Ash Crimson]] from ''[[The King of Fighters]]'' fights in a basic savate style that uses his own green flames. Ash himself is portrayed by [[SNK]] as a character with an unknown origin, because his lineage as descendant of Saiki (Those from the Past's leader), but it says too that he was raised by the [[Elisabeth Blanctorche|Blanctorche clan]], a French family.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

[[List of Street Fighter characters#Remy|Remy]] from ''[[Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike]]'' uses savate in a majority of his kick normals, combined with charge command specials reminiscent of [[Guile (Street Fighter)|Guile]] and [[Charlie Nash (Street Fighter)|Charlie Nash]]. His kick normals have a long reach but are slow and punishable, placing him low among competitive 3rd Strike tier lists.<ref>{{cite web |title='Justin Wong 3rd Strike Tier List' |url=https://toptier.gg/justin-wongs-street-fighter-3rd-strike-tier-list |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>

John Crawley from ''[[Art of Fighting]]'' and ''[[The King of Fighters]]'' uses savate in his martial arts style.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.giantbomb.com/john-crawley/3005-4415/ | title=John Crawley (Character) }}</ref>

In the ''[[Tekken]]'' series, Brazilian character [[List of Tekken characters#Katarina Alves|Katarina Alves]] uses savate as her fighting syle.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

In the mid to late 1980s, [[WWE|WWF]] commentator [[Gorilla Monsoon]] would often refer to the reverse kicks thrown by the French-Canadian [[Rougeau Brothers]] as "savate kicks."{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

[[List of Code Lyoko characters|Ulrich Stern]], occasionally alongside his good friend Yumi Ishiyama, is a practitioner of the French martial art in the 2003-2007 French animated show ''[[Code Lyoko]]''

In early [[Alone in the Dark]] series of survival horror games the main protagonist Edward Carnby was using Savate as unarmed combat method.

In the 1984 film [[Karate Kid]], [[Daniel LaRusso]] is taken down in the final competition by an opponent who knows savat; even though he had been warned, this happened because the kick came from an unexpected direction, not being a normal karate move.

== Influence on other martial arts ==

[[Bruce Lee]] also studied Savate and included many techniques to his own [[Jeet Kune Do]] style.<ref>Title: Bruce Lee - Between Wing Chun and Jeet Kune Do,   Author: Jesse Glover, Publisher: Glover Publications   (January 1, 1976) {{ISBN|0-9602328-0-X}} {{ISBN|978-0-9602328-0-2}}.</ref> [[Mixed martial arts]] also had influence in a similar matter, in [[UFC 1]] world-champion savateur [[Gerard Gordeau]] participated, reaching the finals where he lost to [[Royce Gracie]], and he went to corner and train many future Dutch MMA fighters.<ref name="Kami">''Kaminoge Vol.85'', Toho Publishing</ref><ref>Todd Hester, ''O Melhor do Mundo'', Trip magazine, October 1994</ref> Other savateurs have competed in MMA, such as [[Bellator Light Heavyweight Champion]] [[Christian M'Pumbu]], [[Karl Amoussou]] and [[Cheick Kongo]].

==See also==
* [[Federation Internationale de Savate]]
* [[Shoot boxing]]
* [[Shoot Boxing World Tournament 1995]]
* [[Shoot Boxing World Tournament 2010]]
* [[Shoot Boxing – S-Cup 1996]]
* [[Girls S-Cup]]
* [[Bare-knuckle boxing]]
* [[Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''Description de la Savate à partir de ses formes techniques de base'' par Amorous (Manuel d'éducation Physique Tome 1, page 414).
* ''Défense et illustration de la boxe française. Savate, canne, chausson'', Bernard Plasait, 1972, Paris, Sedirep
* ''L'art de la savate'', [[Michel Casseux]].
* ''Théorique et pratique de la boxe française'', [[Joseph Charlemont]], 1878.
* ''La Boxe Française, historique et biographique, souvenirs, notes, impressions, anecdotes'', [[Joseph Charlemont]], 1899.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Savate}}
*[http://fisavate.org/index.php?lang=english Official website of the Fédération Internationale de Savate]
*[http://ffsavate.com Official website of the Fédération Française de Savate boxe Française et DA]
*[http://www.savateboxing.ru Official website of the Federation Russia de Savate]
*[http://www.onlineonair.com/savate/page1.html Techniques] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727084350/http://www.onlineonair.com/savate/page1.html |date=27 July 2017 }} of Savate

{{Martial arts}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Savate| ]]
[[Category:European martial arts]]
[[Category:Sports originating in France]]
[[Category:Mixed martial arts styles]]