View source for Sarukhanids

{{Short description|Historic principality}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2010}}
{{History of Turkey}}
The '''Sarukhanids''' or '''Sarukhanid dynasty''' ([[Turkish language|Modern Turkish]]: ''Saruhanoğulları'', ''Saruhanoğulları Beyliği''), also known as the '''Principality of Saruhan''' and '''Beylik of Saruhan''' (''Saruhan Beyliği''), was one of the [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[Anatolian beylik]]s (principality), centered in [[Manisa]].

Although the origin of Saruhanids is not known, there are theories that they may be of [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz]] or [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] origin.<ref>"Sencer Divitçioğlu, "Saruhanlı Beyliği'nin Kıpçak Kökenli Olma İhtimali (XI-XIV. Yüzyıllar)", Doğu Batı, sy. 33, Ankara 2005, s. 287-297".</ref> Some researchers attribute the origins of Saruhanids to the "Sarı" tribe of [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]]-[[Kimeks]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 November 2021 |title="İbrahim ŞAHİN, Saruhan ve Saruhanoğullarının Adları Üzerine, Dil Araştırmaları, Bahar 2016, Sayı 18 s. 219-233". |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1534570 |journal=}}</ref> The Saruhanids It was founded by the tribal chief [[Sarukhan, Bey of Magnesia|Saruhan]] about 1300 and lasted for a first time until 1390, when [[Bayezid I]] overran the region and finally until 1412, when the [[Ottoman Sultan|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Mehmed I]] killed Hızır, the last Saruhan ruler, and absorbed the [[Bey]]lik into the [[Ottoman Empire]] as a province.

==History==
The founder of the beylik, [[Sarukhan Bey]], began his military career as an [[emir]] of the [[Germiyanids]]. Sometime at the beginning of the 14th century, he seized territories for himself in the [[Gediz River]] ([[Hermus]] under its previous Byzantine rulers) valley and founded a dynasty that started to rule the region from its base in Manisa.<ref name="Shaw-10">{{cite book | last = Shaw | first = Stanford | author-link = Stanford Shaw | title = History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey | volume = 1 | date = 1976 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | pages = [https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan/page/10 10] | isbn = 978-0-521-29163-7 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan/page/10 }}</ref> Its principal towns included [[Menemen]], [[Gördes]], [[Demirci]], [[Kemalpaşa|Nif]], and [[Turgutlu|Kasaba]].

==Legacies==
[[File:GreatMosqueofManisaTurkey 1366SaruhanPeriod.jpg|left|thumb|Great Mosque of [[Manisa]], built in 1374, during the period of the Sarukhan dynasty reign]]
[[File:Flag_of_Beylik_of_Sarukhan.png|thumb|262px|Flag of the Beylik of Sarukhan]]
[[File:Silver gigliato of Sarukhan Beg bin Alpagi 1313 1348 ruler of Lydia western Turkey.jpg|thumb|262px|Silver [[gigliato]] of [[Sarukhan, Bey of Magnesia]], 1313–1348, ruler of [[Lydia]], western [[Anatolia]].]]
The dynasty's period as a regional power is largely limited to the long reign of its founder, Sarukhan Bey (d. 1346), under whom the principality became a naval power in the [[Aegean Sea]], and regularly battled with the fleets of the [[Republic of Genoa]] and the [[Duchy of the Archipelago|Dukes of Naxos]].<ref name="Shaw-10"/>

The most enduring monument of the Sarukhan dynasty is the Great Mosque at Manisa. Constructed in 1374 by İshak Bey, the mosque has a prayer hall covered by a dome 14m in diameter. Attached to the prayer hall is an innovative, semi-covered forecourt. The building likely served as inspiration for the [[Üç Şerefeli Mosque]], constructed some sixty years later by the [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] sultan [[Murad II]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Ottoman Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman0000good_o1e5 |url-access=registration |last=Goodwin |first=Godfrey |year=1971 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman0000good_o1e5/page/25 25–7] | isbn = 0-500-34040-4 }}</ref>

The region roughly corresponding to the area of extension of Sarukhan dynasty's administration became an Ottoman sub-province (''[[sanjak]]'') under the continued name of Sarukhan until the early years of the [[Republic of Turkey]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ζαχαριάδου |first1=Ελισάβετ Α |title=The Ottoman Emirate (1300-1389): Halcyon Days in Crete 1 : a Symposium Held in Rethymnon 11-13 January 1991 |date=1993 |publisher=Crete University Press |isbn=978-960-7309-58-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35xpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Sarukhanids%22+-wikipedia |language=en}}</ref>

==List of rulers==
#Saruhan Bey (1313–1346)
#Fahrüddin İlyas Bey (1346–1362)
#Muzafferüddin İshak Bey (1362–1388)	
#Hızırşah (1362–1390)	

Under Ottoman rule (1390–1402):
#<li value="5">Orhan Bey (1402–1404)	
#Hızırşah Bey (1404–1410)	
#Orhan Bey (1410–1412)

==Genealogy of House of Saruhan==
{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|House of Saruhan}}
{|- valign=top
| colspan=100% style="text-align:left" |
{{Color sample|border=#FFD700|#white; border-width:2px}} Saruhanids
|}
{{Tree chart/start|align=center|style=font-size:90%}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''Saruhan I''' <br>{{r.|1313|1346}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''Ilyas''' <br>{{r.|1346|1362}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | A01 | | | | | |
|A01='''Ishaq''' <br>{{r.|1362|1388}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{Tree chart| | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | |
|A01='''Khidr''' <br>{{r.|1388|1390|<br>1404|1410}}
|A02='''Orhan''' <br>{{r.|1402|1404|<br>1410|1411}}
|A03='''Saruhan II''' <br>{{r.|1411|1415}}
|boxstyle_ A01 =border-color:#FFD700
|boxstyle_ A02 =border-color:#FFD700
|boxstyle_ A03 =border-color:#FFD700
}}
{{Tree chart/end}}
{{Chart bottom}}

==See also==
* [[Anatolian beyliks]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | last = Vryonis | first = Speros | author-link = Speros Vryonis | title = The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century | series = Publications of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies | volume = 4 | date = 1971 | publisher = University of California Press | location = Los Angeles | pages = 138–39 | isbn = 0-520-01597-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Flood |first1=Finbarr Barry |last2=Necipoglu |first2=Gulru |title=A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture |date=16 June 2017 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-06857-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YgpDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sarukhanids%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA736 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

{{Medieval states in Anatolia}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarukhanids}}
[[Category:Sarukhanids| ]]
[[Category:Anatolian beyliks]]
[[Category:History of Manisa]]
[[Category:History of Manisa Province]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 1300s]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1410s]]