View source for Saint Meinrad Archabbey

{{Short description|Benedictine monastery in Ferdinand, Indiana}}
{{Infobox monastery
| name                 = Saint Meinrad Archabbey
| native_name          = 
| native_name_lang     = 
| image                = [[File:Meinrad.svg|150px|The coat of arms of Saint Meinrad Archabbey]]
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| full                 = 
| order                = [[Benedictine]]
| established          = 1854
| disestablished       = 
| mother               = [[Einsiedeln Abbey]]
| dedication           = 
| diocese              = 
| churches             = 
| founder              = 
| abbot                = Right Reverend Kurt Stasiak, O.S.B.
| prior                = Reverend Bede Sisco, O.S.B.
| archbishop           = 
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| archdeacon           = 
| people               = 
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| architect            = 
| groundbreaking       = 
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| construction_cost    = 
| location             = 
| map_type             = USA Indiana#USA
| coord                = {{coord|38.166212|-86.810886|region:US-IN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} 
| oscoor               = 
| remains              = 
| public_access        = 
| website              = https://www.saintmeinrad.org
| other_info           = 
}}
'''Saint Meinrad Archabbey''' is a Catholic [[monastery]] in [[Spencer County, Indiana]], [[United States of America|US]], was founded by monks from [[Einsiedeln Abbey]] in [[Switzerland]] on March 21, 1854, and is home to approximately 79 monks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swissamericanmonks.org/uploads/8/1/1/6/8116527/2021_summary_of_congregation.pdf|title=2021 Summary of the Congregation}}</ref> The [[Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology]] is also located on the premises.

The abbey is named for the monk [[Meinrad of Einsiedeln|St. Meinrad of Einsiedeln]], who died in 861. It is one of only two [[archabbey]]s in the [[United States]] and one of 11 in the world. The abbey is located approximately 15 minutes from [[Monastery Immaculate Conception]] in [[Ferdinand, Indiana]]. Immaculate Conception is for Benedictine women. Because of the presence of the Archabbey, [[Harrison Township, Spencer County, Indiana|Harrison Township]] is located within the [[Archdiocese of Indianapolis]] instead of the [[Diocese of Evansville]], like the rest of Spencer County.

The Benedictine community at Saint Meinrad consists of men who dedicate their lives to prayer and work. They gather in community five times a day—for [[Lauds|morning prayer]], [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], [[Sext|noon prayer]], [[Vespers|evening prayer]] and [[compline]]—to pray for the Church and the world. Guests often join the monks in prayer in the Archabbey Church.

Gregorian chant is sung in the [[canonical hours]] of the monastic Office, primarily in antiphons used to sing the Psalms, in the Great Responsories of Matins, and the Short Responsories of the Lesser Hours and Compline. The psalm antiphons of the Office tend to be short and simple, especially compared to the complex Great Responsories.

In addition, the monks spend private time reading spiritual and religious materials. They live under the [[Rule of St. Benedict]], the 6th-century instructions for community living written by [[St. Benedict]].

==History==
[[File:St Meinrad ArchAbbey 295 Indiana.JPG|thumb|Archabbey Church]]
The monks came to southern Indiana at the request of a local priest ([[Father (title)|Fr.]] [[Joseph Kundek]]) for assistance in addressing the pastoral needs of the growing [[German language|German]]-speaking [[Catholic]] population and to prepare local men to be priests. St. Meinrad was named by the Pope as an abbey in 1870,<ref>Saint Meinrad Archabbey History: 1854-1954, Albert Kleber, OSB</ref> with [[Martin Marty (bishop)|Martin Marty]] as abbot and [[Fintan Mundwiler]] as prior.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10630b.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Fintan Mundwiler |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=October 1, 1911 |access-date=October 10, 2012}}</ref>

Shortly after arriving in Indiana, the Benedictines began offering high school courses to local youths. In 1861, the monks expanded their general courses to include undergraduate courses in [[philosophy]] and [[theology]]. Through these programs, the monks of Saint Meinrad began their mission, which continues today: preparing men for service in the Church as priests. The undergraduate degree program, St. Meinrad College, closed in 1998. It had expanded admission to men who were not seeking the priesthood, and had considered admitting women but found enrollment too low to continue.<ref>{{cite news|title=ST. MEINRAD COLLEGE TO CLOSE|last=Malcolm|first=Teresa|date=9 May 1997|publisher=National Catholic Reporter}}</ref> Saint Meinrad continues to operate a graduate school of theology. It has more than a score of its monks in [[parish]] work, chaplaincies, and diocesan assignments.

In 1877, the Abbot of Saint Meinrad Abbey, [[Martin Marty (bishop)|Martin Marty]], negotiated an agreement with an agent of the [[Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad Company]] (LR&FS) Railroad Company, for land in order to establish a Benedictine monastery in northern [[Arkansas]]. The railroad controlled thousands of acres of land, and had approached the abbey seeking to gain its support to establish a monastery and school on its holdings. The RR granted 640 acres to the abbey for the monastery and a school. The railroad wanted to attract settlers to this part of their holdings.

Three monk-missionaries from St. Meinrad Abbey founded the new institute on March 15, 1878, in [[Logan County, Arkansas]]. Later the monks founded the associated school that continues at the complex. St. Benedict Priory gained independence from St. Meinrad in 1886. In 1891 Pope [[Leo XIII]] named it as [[Subiaco Abbey (Arkansas)|Subiaco Abbey]]. It donated 80 acres for a townsite and railroad connection, and the first train served the new town of [[Subiaco, Arkansas]] in 1909.

In 1889, a group of monks traveled from St. Meinrad Abbey to the [[Archdiocese of New Orleans]]. They were responding to an invitation from the Archbishop to found a college seminary to train local vocations. The monks founded what developed as [[St. Joseph Abbey, Louisiana]], located in Saint Benedict, near [[Covington, Louisiana]], north of New Orleans. Saint Joseph Abbey operates [[Saint Joseph Seminary College]], and a number of other ministries around the Diocese.

In 1933, Saint Meinrad founded [[Marmion Abbey]] in [[Aurora, Illinois]]. In 1950 [[Blue Cloud Abbey]] was founded near [[Marvin, South Dakota|Marvin]], [[South Dakota]], to serve the local [[Lakota people|Lakota]] and related Native American peoples. Due to declining numbers and an aging population, Blue Cloud was closed by its remaining members in 2012. Priests of the [[Sacred Heart of Jesus]] also had missions and schools in South Dakota from the early 20th century

In 1958, the monks of Saint Meinrad founded Prince of Peace Abbey in Oceanside, California.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swissamericanmonks.org/uploads/8/1/1/6/8116527/2021_catalog_of_the_congregation.pdf|title=The Swiss-American Benedictine Congregation Catalog 2021}}</ref> Prince of Peace and Marmion abbeys continue to operate.

In 1954 St. Meinrad Abbey was elevated to ''Archabbey'' by the [[Holy See]].

==Abbots and Archabbots<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saintmeinrad.org/the-monastery/history/past-abbots-and-archabbots/|title = Past Abbots and Archabbots &#124; Saint Meinrad Archabbey}}</ref>==
Abbots
*1870-1879 [[Martin Marty (bishop)|Martin Marty]]
*1880-1898 [[Fintan Mundwiler]]
*1898-1930 Athanasius Schmitt
Archabbots
*1930-1955 Abbot Ignatius Esser (elevated to Archabbot 1954–1955)
*1955-1966 Bonaventure Knaebel
*1966-1978 Gabriel Verkamp
*1978-1995 Timothy Sweeney
*1995-2004 Lambert Reilly
*2004-2016 Justin Duvall
*2016–Present Archabbot Kurt Stasiak

==Seminary and School of Theology==
{{Main|Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology}}
[[File:Celtic cross at St. Meinrad Archabbey in Saint Meinrad, Indiana.jpg|thumb|left|A Celtic cross in front of the School of Theology]] The [[Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology|St Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology]] offers graduate-level degrees in theology. Priesthood candidates work toward a [[Master of Divinity]]. Lay degree students can earn a [[Master of Arts]] (Theology) or a [[Master of Arts]] (Pastoral Theology). A two-year pre-theology program leads to a Master of Catholic Philosophical Studies.

Saint Meinrad began offering lay degree programs in 1969, although students worked on their degrees during the six-week Summer Session program. In the fall of 1993, the Seminary and School of Theology expanded its mission to allow lay ministry students to attend classes during any of the academic terms. While some classes specifically aimed at ordination preparation are reserved for M.Div. students, lay ministers sometimes pursue their graduate degrees as part-time or full-time students. More than 5,000 men and women have studied in the School of Theology.

Other programs in the Seminary and School of Theology include a permanent deacon formation program, which assists Catholic dioceses in the formation of their deacon candidates, and a youth and vocations program, which encourages high school and college students to participate more deeply in the Church's liturgy and consider a vocation of service to the Church.

The Seminary and School of Theology also houses the Institute for Priests and Presbyterates, which offers continuing formation for priests making the transition from seminary to parish life, priests preparing for their first assignment as pastor, and presbyterates - which is the group of priests and their bishop in a Catholic diocese.

In 1995, there was a controversy over the firing of a theologian, Carmel McEnroy, who taught at the school. In the spring of 1994, Pope John Paul II had issued an Apostolic Letter declaring the issue of the ordination of women as priests resolved and no longer open to debate. Several months after the statement was issued, Dr. McEnroy joined 1,500 others in signing an open letter opposing the Pope's teachings on the subject. After reading the open letter in the National Catholic Reporter, the Archabbot determined that Dr. McEnroy must be removed from the faculty at Saint Meinrad for publicly dissenting from the Pope's teachings. Dr. McEnroy sued on a claim of breach of contract. The lower court dismissed the case, citing lack of jurisdiction, which decision was upheld on appeal.<ref>{{cite web |title=McENROY v. ST MEINRAD SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY |url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/in-court-of-appeals/1449229.html |publisher=Court of Appeals of Indiana |ref=74A01-9803-CV-123}}</ref>

==Abbey Press==
Saint Meinrad Archabbey owned and operated an international company that produced and marketed religious, spiritual and inspirational cards, books and gifts. At one time, Abbey Press was one of the largest business enterprises in [[Spencer County, Indiana]], with more than 100 employees.

The press was founded in 1867 when the Benedictine monks purchased a used printing press. Abbey Press marketed its products throughout the United States and in 25 English-speaking countries. More than 20 foreign companies were licensed to print some of Abbey Press' publications in native languages. Net proceeds from the sales of Abbey Press products supported the ministries of Saint Meinrad Archabbey.
As of June 30, 2017, after 150 years of operation, Abbey Press closed<ref>[https://www.saintmeinrad.org/the-monastery/abbey-press/ "Abbey Press", St. Meinrad]</ref> and the printing presses and other equipment were sold. Some 70 people lost their jobs.

==Abbey Caskets==
Abbey Caskets is a work of Saint Meinrad Archabbey. Founded in 1999, Abbey Caskets offers handcrafted wooden caskets and cremation urns directly to the public. The caskets and cremation urns are made from solid hardwoods, in the choice of poplar, cherry, walnut and oak. The Monastic Abbey Casket is designed after the caskets used by the monks of Saint Meinrad. Abbey Caskets also offers a more conventional casket, the Traditional Abbey Casket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/1999/7/16/19455850/monks-coffin-business-is-born |title=Monks' coffin business is born|publisher=deseret.com |date=July 16, 1999|accessdate=February 6, 2021}}</ref> Abbey Woodworking was also created, as a division of Abbey Caskets, that offers custom religious-themed furniture. All proceeds from the sales support Saint Meinrad Archabbey and the Seminary and School of Theology.

==See also==
* [[List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis]]

==Notes==
<references/>

== References ==
Fässler, Thomas OSB: "Of Mothers, Daughters, and Growing Up. The Changing Ties between the Monastery Einsiedeln and St. Meinrad Since 1850" In: Swiss American Historical Society Review 52/3 (2016), 59–68.

== External links ==
*[http://www.saintmeinrad.org Saint Meinrad Archabbey website]
*[http://www.saintmeinrad.edu Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology website]
*[http://alumni.saintmeinrad.edu Saint Meinrad Alumni Community]
*[http://oboc.saintmeinrad.edu One Bread, One Cup Web site]
*[http://www.carenotes.com One Caring Place (CareNotes) Web Site]
*[http://www.abbeycaskets.com Abbey Caskets Web Site]

{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis|state=collapsed}}

{{Benedictine colleges and universities}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Meinrad Archabbey}}
[[Category:Southwestern Indiana]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis]]
[[Category:Landmarks in Indiana]]
[[Category:Benedictine monasteries in the United States]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1854]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Spencer County, Indiana]]
[[Category:1854 establishments in Indiana]]
[[Category:Benedictine colleges and universities]]
[[Category:Swiss-American history]]