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{{about|former settlement that is part of [[Chernivtsi]]|an administrative division of Chernivtsi city|Sadhora Raion}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sadhora
| native_name = Садгора
| native_name_lang = uk
| settlement_type = Part of [[Chernivtsi]]
| image_skyline = Синагога у Садгорі, або резиденція «Чудодійного рабина».jpg
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Ukraine]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Chernivtsi Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Chernivtsi Raion]]
| coordinates = {{coord|48|21|N|25|58|E|display=inline,title|region:UA_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}
| pushpin_map = Ukraine Chernivtsi Oblast#Ukraine
| founder = Piotr Mikołaj Gartenberg Sadogórski<ref name=sgk/>
| named_for = Piotr Mikołaj Gartenberg Sadogórski
| timezone = EET
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = EEST
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| module  ={{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom= 12 |frame-height=300 | stroke-width=1 |shape-fill-opacity=0.2 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
'''Sadhora''' ({{langx|uk|Садгора}}; {{langx|de|Sadagora}}; {{langx|pl|Sadagóra}}; {{langx|ro|Sadagura}}; {{langx|yi|סאדיגורא Sadigora}}, also '''Sadagura''' and '''Sadiger''') is a settlement in [[Ukraine]], now the [[Sadhirskyi District]] of [[Chernivtsi]] city, which is located 6&nbsp;km from the city center. Previously, it was an independent town.

==History==
{{multiple image
 | width = 110 |align=left
 | image1 = Moldavia-Wallachia 2 Paras 3 Kopeks 1773 (obv).jpg
 | image2 = Moldavia-Wallachia 2 Paras 3 Kopeks 1773 (rev).jpg
 | footer = 2 Turkish [[:en:Para (currency)|Paras]] / 3 Russian [[Kopeck]]s from Sadhora mint, struck 1773 from the bronze of seized Turkish cannons;<ref name="Craig">{{cite book |author=William D. Craig |chapter=MOLDAVIA and WALLACHIA Principalities |title=Coins of the World 1750–1850 |location=Racine, Wis. USA |publisher=Western Publishing Co. |year=1971 |page=51 #3}}</ref> obverse: Coat of arms of [[Moldavia]] ([[aurochs]]) and [[Wallachia]] (eagle with half moon) under Russian crown / reverse: Value}}
The settlement was established in 1770 by former [[Saxony|Saxon]] and [[Poland|Polish]] official of [[Denmark|Danish]] origin and then commander-in-chief of the [[Imperial Russia|Russian]] army in [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]], Baron {{Ill|Piotr Mikołaj Gartenberg Sadogórski|de|Peter Nikolaus von Gartenberg}}, and named ''Sadogóra'' after him.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X|year=1889|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=195}}</ref> During the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774]], he established a [[Mint (facility)|mint]] in a formerly wooded area by a river to mint coins to make payments for his soldiers.<ref name=sgk/> Beginning in 1771, the coins that were minted at Sadogóra displayed the coats of arms of both Moldavia and Wallachia on the same side. The mint was closed down at the end of the war, in 1774. The local Catholic church of Saint Michael was founded in 1778.<ref name=sgk/> A chapel of the dissolved nunnery from {{Ill|Revne, Chernivtsi Oblast|lt=Revna|uk|Ревне (Чернівецький район)}} was moved to Sadogóra in 1787.<ref name=sgk/>

Sadhora is located in [[Bukovina]], a region which was part of the [[Principality of Moldavia]] until the 1770s when it was conquered by the [[Habsburg monarchy]], becoming part of the [[Duchy of Bukovina]] under the [[Austrian Empire]] starting in 1849, then becoming an Austrian "[[Crown land#Austria|crownland]]" from 1867 until the end of [[World War I]], after which it was part of [[Romania]] in 1918–1940. According to the 1930 Romanian census, the population was 63.1% [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], 16.3% [[Jews|Jewish]], 14.9% [[Poles in Romania|Polish]], 4.0% [[Romanians|Romanian]] and 1.1% [[Germans|German]].<ref name=cen1930>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930|volume=II|language=ro|location=Bucuresti|page=120}}</ref>

==Jewish history==
{{main|Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)}}

[[Image:Sadigura kloiz.jpg|thumb|left|[[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] [[synagogue]]]]

Sadagóra had a significant [[Jews|Jewish]] community and it is important in the history of [[Hasidic Judaism]]. Before World War I, the Jewish population numbered over 5,000.<ref name=tog>{{cite web|url=http://www.tog.co.il/en/Article.aspx?id=314|title=The Sadigur Chassidic Court|first=Motty|last=Meringer|date=31 August 2009|accessdate=9 January 2013|work=Tog News|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502102612/http://www.tog.co.il/en/Article.aspx?id=314|archivedate=2 May 2015}}</ref>

Rabbi [[Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn|Yisroel Friedman]], the [[Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty)|Ruzhiner Rebbe]], relocated his court to Sadagóra in 1842. In 1838 he had been accused of complicity in the death of two Jews accused of being informers and was imprisoned for two years by the Russian authorities. On his release he fled to [[Chișinău]], then to [[Iaşi]] and other places before finally settling in Sadagóra in 1842, where he re-established his Hasidic court in all its glory.

[[File:Sadigura rebbe's palace.jpg|thumb|right|Palace of the Ruzhin dynasty]]

The Ruzhiner Rebbe lived in Sadagóra for ten years, building a palatial home and a large [[synagogue]]. Tens of thousands of Hasidim frequented his court.<ref>Friedman, Yisroel. ''The Golden Dynasty: Ruzhin, the royal house of Chassidus''. Jerusalem: The Kest-Lebovits Jewish Heritage and Roots Library, 2nd English edition, 2000, p. 15.</ref> When he died at the age of 54 on 9 October 1850,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARUu1mbtwdIC&q=israel+friedman+of+ruzhin&pg=PA170 |last=Assaf |first=David |page=170|title=The Regal Way: The life and times of Rabbi Israel of Ruzhin |publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2002|isbn=0804744688}}</ref> each of his sons moved to different towns to establish their own courts. His eldest son,<ref name=fried20/> Rabbi Sholom Yosef Friedman, remained in Sadagóra to continue leading the court his father had founded, but died ten months later.<ref name=tog/> At this point, the second son<ref name=fried20>Friedman, ''The Golden Dynasty'', p. 20.</ref> of the Ruzhiner Rebbe, Rabbi [[Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (first Sadigura rebbe)|Avrohom Yaakov Friedman]], assumed the mantle of leadership of the Sadigura Hasidim, becoming known as the first Sadigura Rebbe.<ref>Friedman, ''The Golden Dynasty'', pp. 15&ndash;17.</ref> After his death, his second son, Rabbi Yisrael Friedman (1852-1907), succeeded him as Rebbe. He, in turn, was succeeded by his eldest son, Rabbi Aharon of Sadigura (1877-1913), and by another son, Rabbi [[Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (third Sadigura rebbe)|Avrohom Yaakov Friedman]], who escaped to [[Vienna]] with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and established his court in that city for the next 24 years,<ref name=tog/><ref>Friedman, ''The Golden Dynasty'', pp. 38&ndash;39.</ref> effectively putting an end to the once-flourishing Jewish community in Sadagóra . The remaining Jews of Sadagóra were decimated by the [[Nazism|Nazis]] during World War II.<ref name=tog/> After the ''[[Anschluss]]'' of 1938, the Sadigura Rebbe procured a visa to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], where he led his court in [[Tel Aviv]] until his death in 1961.<ref>Friedman, ''The Golden Dynasty'', p. 45.</ref> Today, Sadigura Hasidism is centered in [[Bnei Brak]], [[Israel]].
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Mordchaisadigur56.gif|thumb|100px|Rabbi [[Mordechai Sholom Yosef Friedman]] of Sadigura, (1897-1979), in the streets of [[Przemyśl|Pshemishl]].|{{deletable image-caption|1=Friday, 27 March 2009}}]] -->

==Geography==
{{Historical populations|1869|6009|1880|5019|1930|8968|source=<ref name=sgk/><ref name=cen1930/>}}
Altitude (feet), 941

==Notable people==
* [[Aharon Appelfeld]], writer and novelist
* [[Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (first Sadigura rebbe)|Avrohom Yaakov Friedman]] (1820-1883), first [[Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)|Sadigura]] [[Rebbe]]
* [[Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (third Sadigura rebbe)|Avrohom Yaakov Friedman]] (1884-1961), third Sadigura Rebbe
* [[Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn|Yisroel Friedman]] (1797-1850), Rebbe of [[Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty)|Ruzhin]]
* [[Yitzchok Friedman]] (1850-1917), first [[Boyan (Hasidic dynasty)|Boyaner]] Rebbe
* [[Yossele Rosenblatt]], chazzan
* [[Wojciech Rubinowicz]] (1889–1974), Polish theoretical physicist who made contributions in [[quantum mechanics]], [[mathematical physics]], and the [[theory of radiation]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [[Leo Bruckenthal]]. ''Geschichte der Juden in der Bukowina'' ("History of the Jews in Bukovina"), [[Hugo Gold]]: Tel Aviv, 1962, pp.&nbsp;98–105.

==External links==
*{{in lang|ro}} [http://romaniancoins.ancients.info/sadagura.htm Emisiuni monetare Sadagura] ("Issuing of money in Sadagura"), includes images of the coins mentioned in the article.
*[https://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/SADGORA.pdf Sadgora/Sadhora] (pp. 418) at [[Miriam Weiner (genealogist)|Miriam Weiner's]] [[Routes to Roots Foundation]].

== Further reading ==
*Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan State Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). [https://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/SADGORA.pdf "Town Clips: Sadgora."] ''[[Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova|Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories]]'' . Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 418. ISBY 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Bukovina]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Jewish Romanian history]]
[[Category:Jewish Ukrainian history]]
[[Category:Merged settlements in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Duchy of Bukovina]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 18th century]]