View source for SS West Compo

{{Short description|Steam cargo ship built 1918 by Northwest Steel Company}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USS West Shore, cropped.jpg
|Ship image size=300px
|Ship caption=''West Compo'' had design and measurements similar to ''West Shore'', a sister ship from the same shipyard seen here c. 1918.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[United States]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United States|1918}}
|Ship name=''West Compo''
|Ship namesake=[[Compo (Westport)|Compo]]
|Ship owner=*[[United States Shipping Board|USSB]]
|Ship operator=
|Ship homeport=*[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=27 December 1917
|Ship builder=[[Northwest Steel Co.]], [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=20<ref name=miramar/>
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=27 August 1918
|Ship launched=27 November 1918
|Ship sponsor=Miss Nellie M. Washburn
|Ship completed=
|Ship christened=
|Ship commissioned=31 January 1919
|Ship maiden voyage=9 February 1919
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship identification= *US Official Number 217524
*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]] LPRQ
*{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Papa}}{{ICS|Romeo}}{{ICS|Quebec}}
|Ship fate=Scrapped, 1936
|Ship notes= 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1918}}
|Ship name=USS ''West Compo''
|Ship operator=*[[U.S. Navy]] (1919)
|Ship acquired=3 February 1919
|Ship commissioned=3 February 1919
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=22 May 1919
|Ship fate=Returned to owners 22 May 1919
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Design 1013 ship]]
|Ship tonnage=*{{GRT|5,700}}
*{{NRT|3517}}
*{{DWT|8635}}
|Ship displacement=12,185 [[ton]]s (normal)<ref name=DANFS>{{cite DANFS | author = Naval History and Heritage Command | title = West Compo | url = https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/w/west-compo.html | short = on |access-date=25 August 2019 }}</ref>
|Ship length={{convert|409.8|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|54.2|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught= 
|Ship draft=*{{convert|24|ft|1/2|in|m|abbr=on}} (loaded)
|Ship depth=*{{convert|27.2|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship ramps=
|Ship ice class=
|Ship power=583 [[Nominal horsepower|Nhp]], 2,500 [[shaft horsepower|shp]]
|Ship propulsion=[[General Electric Co.]] [[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|steam turbine]], [[Gear ratio#Double reduction gear|double reduction geared]] to one [[Propeller (marine)|screw]]
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship speed={{convert|11+1/2|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=62
|Ship crew=
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|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''West Compo''''' was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by [[Northwest Steel Company]] of [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] for the [[United States Shipping Board]] as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the [[Emergency Fleet Corporation]] (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine. The vessel was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] into the [[Naval Overseas Transportation Service]] (NOTS) of the [[United States Navy]] in January 1919 and after only one overseas trip was decommissioned four months later and returned to the USSB. Afterwards the vessel was largely employed on the Atlantic Coast of the United States to France route until mid-1921 when she was laid up and eventually broken up for scrap in 1936.

== Design and construction ==
After the United States entry into [[World War I]], a large shipbuilding program was undertaken to restore and enhance shipping capabilities both of the United States and their Allies. As part of this program, EFC placed orders with nation's shipyards for a large number of vessels of standard designs. Design 1013 cargo ship was a standard cargo freighter of approximately 8,800 tons [[Deadweight tonnage|deadweight]] designed by Skinner & Eddy Corp. and adopted by USSB.

''West Compo'' was part of the order for 8 vessels placed by USSB with Northwest Steel Co. on 27 December 1917 and was laid down on 27 August 1918 at the shipbuilder's yard and launched on 27 November 1919 (yard number 20), with Miss Nellie M. Washburn being the sponsor.<ref name=miramar>{{csr|register=MSI|id=2217524|shipname=West Compo|access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Morning Oregonian]] |date=28 November 1918 |page=5 |title=Day's Launchings Three.}}</ref> Similar to many other vessels ordered by the Shipping Board during these years and built by the West Coast shipyards, she was given a name that began with the word ''West'' to reflect their West Coast origin.<ref name=CW-358>Crowell and Wilson, pp. 358–59.</ref>

The ship was shelter-deck type, had two main decks and had five main holds which allowed for the carriage of variety of goods and merchandise. The vessel also possessed all the modern machinery for quick loading and unloading of cargo from five large hatches, including ten winches and a large number of derricks. She was also equipped with wireless apparatus, had submarine signal system installed and had electrical lights installed along the decks.

As built, the ship was {{convert|409.8|ft|m}} long ([[length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]]) and {{convert|54.2|ft|m}} [[beam (nautical)|abeam]], a depth of {{convert|27.2|ft|m}}.<ref name=uslist>{{cite book |year=1925–1926 |title=Merchant Vessels of the United States |location=Washington, DC |publisher=United States Printing Office}}</ref> ''West Compo'' was originally assessed at {{GRT|5700}} and {{NRT|3517}} and had [[Deadweight tonnage|deadweight]] of approximately 8,635.<ref name=hr2>{{cite book |title=Register of Ships Owned by United States Shipping Board |date=1 August 1920 |url=http://www.shipscribe.com/shiprefs/USSB_1920/pages2/West%20Calumb%20-%20West%20Ekonk.html |location=Washington, DC |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |page=105}}</ref><ref name=uslist/> The vessel had a steel hull with double bottom throughout with exception of her machine compartment, and a single turbine rated at 2,500 [[shaft horsepower|shp]], double-reduction geared to a single screw propeller that moved the ship at up to {{convert|11+1/2|kn|mph km/h}}.<ref name=uslist/> The steam for the engine was supplied by three single-ended Scotch marine boilers fitted for both coal and oil fuel.

The sea trials were held in the [[Columbia River]] on 29 and 30 January 1919 with the ship performing satisfactorily. Following their successful completion, ''West Compo'' was handed over to her owners next day.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Oregon Daily Journal]] |date=30 January 1919 |page=14 |title=West Campo On Trial Trip. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35316321/the_oregon_daily_journal/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=26 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref>

==Operational history==
===U.S. Navy service, World War I===
Following an established practice all vessels built for the EFC were transferred to the U.S. Navy upon completion. On 11 January 1919 it was announced that ''West Compo'' would be the last of Portland-built vessels to be turned over to the Navy and there would be no further vessel transfers after January 31. Following completion of her sea trials, the freighter was delivered to USSB and then to the Navy on February 1. After examination the ship was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] into the NOTS on 3 February 1919, with [[Lieutenant Commander (United States)|Lieutenant Commander]] A. A. Modeer, USNRF, in command, assigned Identification number of 3912, and immediately proceeded for loading. After embarking a cargo of 82,266 barrels of wheat flour, ''West Compo'' left Portland on February 9 also carrying on board federal inspectors.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Oregon Daily Journal]] |date=13 July 1919 |page=15 |title=25 Ships Sail With Food |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35317769/the_oregon_daily_journal/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=26 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref> The inspectors disembarked the vessel in [[Astoria, Oregon|Astoria]] after ascertaining the vessel performed satisfactorily on her loaded run down the Columbia River,<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Oregon Daily Journal]] |date=11 February 1919 |title=All Along The Waterfront. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35356385/the_oregon_daily_journal/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=27 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref> while the freighter continued on her maiden journey. After a call at San Francisco, ''West Compo'' transited the [[Panama Canal]] on March 2, called at [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]] in mid-March for bunkers before continuing on to the [[Mediterranean]] finally reaching [[Trieste]] on April 9.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Panama Canal Record |volume=XII |page=354 |title=Movements Of Ocean Vessels. |number=30 |date=12 March 1919}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Gazette Times]] |publication-place=Pittsburgh |date=23 April 1919 |page=2 |title=Arrivals.}}</ref><ref name=DANFS /><ref group=Note>Many ''West'' ships, to avoid sailing empty to the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]], loaded grain products intended for the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, sailed to Europe without unloading or transferring their cargo, which avoided extra handling of the cargo. The [[United States Shipping Board]], by prior arrangement, received an equivalent amount of cargo space in foreign ships for other American cargos. See: Crowell and Wilson, pp. 358–59.</ref> After unloading her cargo and taking on sand [[ballast tank|ballast]], she departed Italy on April 19 and arrived at [[Philadelphia]] via [[Gibraltar]] on May 15.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=17 May 1919 |page=6 |title=News Of The Ships And Shipping Men.}}</ref> She was decommissioned one week later, and returned to the USSB.<ref name=DANFS />

=== Commercial service ===
Following decommissioning from the Navy service, USSB allocated ''West Compo'' to Strachan Shipping Company to operate on their [[Southeast United States]] to France and [[Low Countries]] routes. The vessel cleared from Philadelphia on 27 May 1919 bound for [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] where she loaded 20,665 bales of cotton and sailed for [[Le Havre]] on June 13.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |date=28 May 1919 |page=11 |title=Marine News.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Atlanta Constitution]] |date=14 June 1919 |page=7 |title=Sails From Savannah With Cotton Cargo. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35317269/the_atlanta_constitution/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=26 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref> On her next trip to Europe she carried 7,100 tons of phosphate rock from [[Fernandina Beach, Florida|Fernandina]] to Denmark.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=American Fertilizer |page=131 |date=8 November 1919 |title=Phosphate Rock Shipments. |volume=51 |number=10}}</ref> ''West Compo'' continued serving these routes until the end of her career. For example, in August 1920 she again carried 7,100 tons of hard rock phosphate from Florida ports of [[Jacksonville]] and Fernandina to [[Bremen]] and [[Fredericia]].<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Farm Chemicals |title=Phosphate Rock Shipments. |volume=53 |date=25 September 1920 |page=128 |number=7}}</ref> On her last return trip from [[Stettin]] and [[Brest, France|Brest]] she became disabled soon after leaving the French port on 11 April 1921 and had to be put back with a help of the USSB tug for quick repairs. ''West Compo'' arrived at Savannah on May 4 where she was returned by Strachan Shipping to the USSB due to overabundance of tonnage and scarcity of cargo. The freighter remained moored in Savannah for the next year and a half. In November 1922 it was announced the ship together with several other vessels was set to be relocated to [[Fort Eustis|Eustis]] to be laid up.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |date=5 November 1922 |page=27 |title=Records And News Of The Waterfront.}}</ref> The freighter was first towed to [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] in early December 1922 where she remained for the next eight month before finally arriving in [[Newport News]] on 15 August 1923 to become part of the USSB reserve fleet.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Herald]] |date=6 December 1922 |page=18 |title=Ship News Of World Continued.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |date=16 August 1923 |page=9 |title=Records And News Of The Waterfront.}}</ref>

In November 1929 the Shipping Board contemplated reconditioning of six ships, including ''West Compo'', in anticipation of increased cotton, wheat and flour traffic out of Gulf ports to Europe, but that work was never performed.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Morning Call |publication-place=Laurel, Mississippi |date=27 November 1929 |page=1 |title=Preparing Idle Fleet For Service. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35427305/the_morning_call/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=30 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |date=3 December 1929 |page=39 |title=Cotton Carrier Fleet In Cards. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35465281/the_los_angeles_times/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=31 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref> In early September 1932 the Shipping Board decided to scrap 124 World War I era vessels in its possession, including ''West Compo'', to alleviate significant tonnage overabundance. As a result, all the vessels were removed from the U.S register of shipping.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Rutland Daily Herald |date=6 September 1932 |page=3 |title=Shipping Board To Scrap 124 Vessels. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35427420/rutland_daily_herald/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=30 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref> In October 1932 it was announced the whole lot of these vessels was sold to the Boston Iron and Metal Company of Baltimore for $1.51/ton of recoverable of material which was believed at the time to be over 350,000 tons. The disposition was estimated take about three years to complete and ''West Compo'' was eventually scrapped in April 1936.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|The Daily Press]] |date=8 October 1932 |page=3 |title=Contract To Scrap 124 Ships Awarded To Baltimore Firm. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35427449/daily_press/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=30 August 2019}}{{free access}}</ref><ref name=miramar/>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | last = Crowell | first = Benedict | author-link = Benedict Crowell |author2=Robert Forrest Wilson | title = The Road to France: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–1918 | series = How America Went to War: An Account From Official Sources of the Nation's War Activities, 1917–1920 | location = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] | publisher = [[Yale University Press]] | year = 1921 | oclc = 18696066 }}
* {{cite book | last = Jordan | first = Roger W. | title = The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships | location = [[Annapolis, Maryland]] | publisher = [[Naval Institute Press]] | orig-year = 1999 | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-59114-959-0 | oclc = 150361480 }}
* {{cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | author-link = Naval Historical Center | title = West Compo | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w5/west_compo.htm | access-date = 23 September 2008}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{navsource|12/173912|West Compo}}

{{Design 1013 ships}}
{{Northwest Steel ships}}

{{good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:West Compo}}
[[Category:Design 1013 ships]]
[[Category:1918 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Portland, Oregon]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Steamships of the United States]]
[[Category:Design 1013 ships of the United States Navy]]