View source for S-400 missile system

{{Short description|Mobile surface-to-air missile air defense}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Redirect|S-400|other uses|S400 (disambiguation){{!}}S400}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = S-400 Triumf<small><br />[[NATO reporting name]]: SA-21 Growler</small>
| image              = С-400 «Триумф».JPG
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = S-400 Triumf launch vehicle
| origin             = [[Russia]]
| type               = Mobile long-range [[surface-to-air missile|surface-to-air]]/[[anti-ballistic missile]] system
| wars               = {{Tree list}}
*[[Syrian Civil War]]
*[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
**[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
*[[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]]
{{Tree list/end}}
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          =
| is_bladed          = 
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| is_vehicle         = yes
| is_missile         = 
| is_UK              = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 6 August 2007 – present
| used_by            = Primary user: [[Russia]] <br /> See [[#Operators|Operators section]] for others
| designer           = [[Almaz-Antey]]
| manufacturer       = [[MKB Fakel|Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau]]
| unit_cost          = '''Domestic''': ~{{US$|500}}{{nbsp}}million for a battery and reserve missiles.<br> '''Export''': {{US$|1}}{{ndash}}1.25{{nbsp}}billion for a battery and reserve missiles (2021)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/19/russia-lures-buyers-as-s-400-missile-system-costs-less-than-us-models.html | title=Russia is luring international arms buyers with a missile system that costs much less than models made by American companies | publisher=[[CNBC]] | date=19 November 2018 | access-date=16 May 2023 | archive-date=27 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227225503/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/19/russia-lures-buyers-as-s-400-missile-system-costs-less-than-us-models.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-turkey-missiles/turkey-russia-sign-deal-on-supply-of-s-400-missiles-idUSKBN1EN0T5 | title=Turkey, Russia sign deal on supply of S-400 missiles | newspaper=Reuters | date=29 December 2017 | archive-date=28 June 2018 | access-date=28 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628201850/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-turkey-missiles/turkey-russia-sign-deal-on-supply-of-s-400-missiles-idUSKBN1EN0T5 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| production_date    = 
| variants           = <!-- General specifications NOTICE : THIS IS FOR THE SYSTEM, NOT THE MISSILE!!!-->
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = 
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| diameter           = 
| crew               = <!-- Vehicle specifications -->
| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = [[YaMZ]]-8424.10 diesel V12
| engine_power       = {{convert|400|HP|abbr=on}}
| pw_ratio           = 
| transmission       = [[YaMZ]]
| payload_capacity   = 
| suspension         = Leaf spring
| clearance          = {{convert|485|mm|abbr=on}}
| wingspan           = 
| propellant         = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| vehicle_range      = {{ubl|{{convert|400|km|abbr=on}} {{ndash}} 40N6E missile<ref>{{Cite web|title=S-400 missile system|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys/s-400-triumf/|access-date=24 January 2024|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223033855/https://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys/s-400-triumf/|url-status=live}}</ref>| {{convert|150|km|abbr=on}} {{ndash}} 48N6(E) missile|{{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} {{ndash}} 48N6M(E2) missile|{{convert|240|km|abbr=on}} {{ndash}} 48N6DM(E3) missile|{{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} {{ndash}} 9M96 missile|{{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} {{ndash}} 9M96M(E2) missile}}
| ceiling            = 
| altitude           = 
| boost              = 
| guidance           = [[Semi-active radar homing|SARH]] with all missile model, and [[Active radar homing|ARH]] in 40N6E, 9M96E2, 9M96E and 9M96 missiles
| steering           = 
| accuracy           = 
| launch_platform    = 
| transport          = 
}}

The '''S-400 Triumf''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|C-400 Триумф}} – Triumf; translation: '''Triumph'''; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''SA-21 Growler'''), previously known as the '''S-300 PMU-3''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russias-s-400-game-changer-the-middle-east-america-should-22760|title=Russia's S-400 Is a Game Changer in the Middle East (and America Should Worry)|first=Stephen|last=Bryen|date=17 October 2017|access-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019163832/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russias-s-400-game-changer-the-middle-east-america-should-22760|archive-date=19 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> is a mobile [[surface-to-air missile]] (SAM) system developed in the 1990s by Russia's [[NPO Almaz]] as an upgrade to the [[S-300 missile system|S-300]] family of missiles. The S-400 was approved for service on 28 April 2007 and the first battalion of the systems assumed combat duty on 6 August 2007. The system is complemented by its successor, the [[S-500 missile system|S-500]].

==Development==
[[File:S-400 missile 48N6E3.jpg |thumb|right|The [[48N6E3]] missile used by the S-400]]
The development of the S-400 began in the early 1980s to replace the [[S-200 missile system|S-200]] missile system, but was rejected by a state commission due to high cost and inability to address the threat of cruise missiles. In the late 1980s, the programme was revived in under the codename Triumf as a system capable of engaging aircraft at long range plus cruise missiles and stealth aircraft.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steven J. |title=The Russian S-300 and S-400 Missile Systems |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2023 |isbn=9781472853769 |pages=26–27}}</ref> The Soviet government approved the Truimf programme on 22 August 1991, but the collapse of the Soviet Union put development into limbo. It was announced by the Russian Air Force in January 1993.<ref>{{Citation | publisher = Jane's | title = Land Based Air Defence | year = 2010–2011}}</ref> On 12 February 1999 successful tests were reported at [[Kapustin Yar]] in [[Astrakhan]], and the S-400 was scheduled for deployment by the Russian army in 2001.<ref name="mt_523" /> The S-400 was officially revived on 7 July 1999, albeit as a modernization of the S-300PM rather than an S-200 replacement.<ref name=":7" /> Alexander Lemanskiy of Almaz-Antey was the Chief Engineer on the S-400 project.

In 2003, it became apparent that the system was not ready for deployment. In August, two high-ranking military officials expressed concern that the S-400 was being tested with older interceptors from the [[S-300 (missile system)#S-300P|S-300P]] system and concluded that it was not ready for deployment.<ref name="mt_523">{{cite web |url= http://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys/s-400 |title=S-400 (SA-20) | work = Missile Threat|publisher=CSIS }}</ref> The completion of the project was announced in February 2004. In April, a ballistic missile was successfully intercepted in a test of the upgraded 48N6DM missile.<ref name="periscope">{{cite news |title=Russia: New S-400 Air Defense System Coming Soon |newspaper= Periscope Daily Defense News Capsules |date=4 April 2001}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news|title= Russia Trumpets New S-400 Missile System |work=[[BBC Monitoring]] |date= 23 March 2001}}</ref> The system was approved for service by the government on 28 April 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=ЗРС С-400 Триумф |trans-title=S-400 Triumf |url= http://www.s400.ru/ |publisher=S400.ru |language=ru |access-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20011031181824/http://www.s400.ru/ |archive-date=31 October 2001}}</ref> Russia had accepted for service the 40N6 long-range missile for the S-400 air-defence system, a source in the domestic defense industry told TASS news agency in October 2018.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://tass.com/defense/1026630 | title = Advanced long-range missile for S-400 system accepted for service in Russia | agency = TASS | access-date = 21 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021131822/http://tass.com/defense/1026630 | archive-date = 21 October 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref>

The S-400 Triumf and [[Pantsir missile system]] can be integrated into a two-layer defense system.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.businessinsider.com/pantsir-s1-makes-russian-air-defenses-stronger-2018-2 |title= Russia's newest anti-air defenses are in Syria – and the US should be worried |work= Business Insider |date= 11 April 2018 |access-date= 10 August 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180719130740/http://www.businessinsider.com/pantsir-s1-makes-russian-air-defenses-stronger-2018-2 |archive-date= 19 July 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://jamestown.org/program/s-400-pantsir-tandem-new-old-feature-russian-a2-ad-capabilities/ |title= The S-400–Pantsir 'Tandem': The New-Old Feature of Russian A2/AD Capabilities |newspaper= Jamestown |access-date= 10 August 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180810184301/https://jamestown.org/program/s-400-pantsir-tandem-new-old-feature-russian-a2-ad-capabilities/ |archive-date= 10 August 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Structure==
[[File:AirDefenseCombatReadiness2017-08.jpg|thumb|upright|left|PBU 55K6E command centre]]

S-400 missile systems are organized around the [[30K6E]] administration system, which can coordinate eight [[divizion]]s (battalions).<ref name="rbase.new-factoria.ru">{{cite web|url=http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/s400/s400.shtml|title=Зенитный ракетный комплекс С-400 'Триумф'|language=ru|trans-title=Anti-aircraft missile system S-400 'triumph'|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006093054/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/s400/s400.shtml |archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ria.ru/infografika/20100217/209523539.html |title=Характеристики зенитной ракетной системы С-400 "Триумф"|language=ru|trans-title=Characteristics of surface-to-air missile systems s-400 "triumph"|website=RIA Novosty|date=17 February 2010|access-date=14 November 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104152207/http://ria.ru/infografika/20100217/209523539.html|archive-date=4 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ruscrimea.org/news/science/3368-zenitnyj-raketnyj-kompleks-s-400-triumf-foto-ttx.html|title=-400 "" (, )|website=-|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095414/http://ruscrimea.org/news/science/3368-zenitnyj-raketnyj-kompleks-s-400-triumf-foto-ttx.html|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[55K6E]] is a command and control center based on the [[Ural-5323]]01 vehicle. The [[91N6E]]<ref name="rbase.new-factoria.ru"/> is a panoramic radar detection system with a {{convert|340|km|abbr=on}} range and protection against jamming, and is mounted on an [[MZKT-7930]] vehicle.{{Better source needed|date=May 2024}} Six battalions of 98ZH6E surface-to-air missile systems (an independent combat system)<ref name="raspletin1" /> can track no more than six targets on their own,<ref>{{cite web |title=Западные СМИ: зенитно-ракетные комплексы S-400 и S-500 могут стать лучшими комплексами противовоздушной обороны в мире |date=7 December 2012 |url=http://vpk.name/news/80305_zapadnyie_smi_zenitnoraketnyie_kompleksyi_s400_i_s500_mogut_stat_luchshimi_kompleksami_protivovozdushnoi_oboronyi_v_mire.html |access-date=14 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102657/http://vpk.name/news/80305_zapadnyie_smi_zenitnoraketnyie_kompleksyi_s400_i_s500_mogut_stat_luchshimi_kompleksami_protivovozdushnoi_oboronyi_v_mire.html |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> with an additional two battalions if they are within a {{convert|40|km|adj=on}} range. The [[92N6E]] (or 92N2E) is a multi-functional radar with a {{convert|340|km|adj=on}} range, which can track 20 targets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.s300.ru/press-centre/news/2008/080603/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020804/http://www.s300.ru/press-centre/news/2008/080603/|archive-date=29 November 2014|title=ГСКБ Концерна ПВО Алмаз-Антей имени академика А.А. Расплетина|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> The 5P85TE2 [[transporter-erector-launcher]] and the 5P85SE2 on a trailer (up to 12 launchers) are used for launch. The [[48N6E]], [[48N6E2]], [[48N6E3]], [[48N6DM]], [[9M96E]], [[9M96E2]], and the ultra-long-range [[40N6E]] missiles have been authorized by a Russian presidential decree.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 February 2008 |url=http://nvo.ng.ru/armament/2008-02-29/4_chastokol.html |script-title=ru:Частокол противовоздушной обороны / Вооружения / Независимая газета |work=Nezavisimaya Gazeta |access-date=29 October 2013 |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124536/http://nvo.ng.ru/armament/2008-02-29/4_chastokol.html |archive-date=13 April 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Oboronexpo2014part2-35.jpg|thumb|alt=Truck-mounted radar|S-400 92N2 radar and 5P85T2]]
Optional elements of the S-400 (98ZH6E)<ref name="raspletin1"/><ref name="raspletin.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.raspletin.ru/produktsija-i-vidy-dejatelnosti/produktsija-oboronnogo-naznachenija/sistemy-i-kompleksy-zonalnoj-i-obektovoj-pvo/zenitnaja-raketnaja-sistema-s-400-triumf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191731/http://www.raspletin.ru/produktsija-i-vidy-dejatelnosti/produktsija-oboronnogo-naznachenija/sistemy-i-kompleksy-zonalnoj-i-obektovoj-pvo/zenitnaja-raketnaja-sistema-s-400-triumf|archive-date=2 January 2014|script-title=ru:Мобильная многоканальная зенитная ракетная система С-400 "Триумф"|trans-title=Mobile multichannel air defense missile system S-400 "Triumf"|language=ru|access-date=30 August 2014}}</ref> include the 15I6ME–98ZH6E, which extends coverage 30, 60, and 90&nbsp;km (19, 38, and 57&nbsp;mi) from that provided by the 30K6E. The [[96L6E]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemz.ru/goods/rls/rls96l6e/|title=АО НПО ЛЭМЗ – ПРОДУКТЫ и УСЛУГИ – УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВОЗДУШНЫМ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ|website=lemz.ru|access-date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708053757/http://www.lemz.ru/goods/rls/rls96l6e/|archive-date=8 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> has a {{convert|300|km|adj=on}} detection range. The 40B6M is housing for the 92N6E or 96L6E radar. The Protivnik-GE is an anti-stealth [[UHF]] radar with a {{convert|400|km|adj=on}} range.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/53/281/295 |title=РЛС "Гамма-ДЕ" (67Н6Е) |date=21 March 2017 |publisher=АО "Концерн ВКО "Алмаз - Антей" |access-date=21 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520215836/http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/53/281/295 |archive-date=20 May 2017}}</ref> The Moscow-1 passive sensor is {{frac|2|1|2}} times more effective than the Protivnik, with a {{convert|400|km|adj=on}} range<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rostec.ru/news/3744|title=Армия получит комплекс радиолокации "Москва-1" |website=rostec.ru|access-date=26 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127151938/http://rostec.ru/news/3744}}</ref> Orion<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vvs/rtr_orion.html|title=RusArmy.com –|access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316023517/http://rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vvs/rtr_orion.html |archive-date=16 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> for a target-designation on-the-air defense system, and the Avtobaza-M<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-598.html|title=1Л222 Автобаза |access-date=14 November 2014|url-status=live |archive-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022045836/http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-598.html}}</ref> and Orion+ Avtobaza add high-precision detection. The 1RL220BE<ref name="raspletin1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://all-tanks.ru/content/indeksy-grau-mo-sssr-rf?page=3|title=Индексы ГРАУ МО СССР / РФ|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192149/http://all-tanks.ru/content/indeksy-grau-mo-sssr-rf?page=3|archive-date=2 January 2014}}</ref> versions were reportedly used for jamming.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.logistics.ru/9/15/i77_19374p0.htm|title=Россия представит уникальные военные разработки|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022015055/http://www.logistics.ru/9/15/i77_19374p0.htm|archive-date=22 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The {{convert|400|km|adj=on}}-range S-200D Dubna (SA-5c) missiles and S-300 P-family radar systems can be used without additional command-and-control centers.<ref name="kap-yar.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=257|title=-400|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013070719/http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=257|archive-date=13 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> S-300 (SA-20A, SA-20B) missiles may also be guided.<ref name="army-news.ru">{{cite web|url=http://army-news.ru/2010/09/sistema-triumf/|title=Зенитная ракетная система С-400 "Триумф"|access-date=14 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009122213/http://army-news.ru/2010/09/sistema-triumf/}}</ref>
[[Beriev A-50|A-50 and A-50U]]<ref name="rbase.new-factoria.ru"/> aircraft provide early warning and command-and-control target designation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beriev.com/rus/A-50E/A-50E.html |title=ТАНТК им. Г. М. Бериева – самолёт радиолокационного дозора и наведения А-50Э|website=beriev.com |access-date=29 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223120632/http://www.beriev.com/rus/A-50E/A-50E.html}}</ref>

[[File:MAKS Airshow 2013 (Ramenskoye Airport, Russia) (523-55).jpg|thumb|right|[[Protivnik-GE]] model at the 2013 MAKS Airshow]]
The 30К6Е control system can be integrated with the<ref name="raspletin1">{{cite web|url=http://old.raspletin.ru/press-centre/news/2008/080603/|title=ГСКБ Концерна ПВО Алмаз-Антей имени академика А.А. Расплетина (ОАО НИЭМИ): с-25 беркут, бункин борис васильевич, с 300 пму, с-300 пму, зрс, с-400 триумф, средства пво, четырёхсотка, противовоздушная оборона|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403191712/http://old.raspletin.ru/press-centre/news/2008/080603/|archive-date=3 April 2014}}</ref> S-400 Triumf 98ZH6E system; the S-300PMU2 (through the 83М6Е2 control system); the S-300PMU1 (through the 83М6Е control system); the [[Tor missile system|Tor-M1]] through the [[Ranzhir-M]] battery-command post; the [[Pantsir-S1]] through the lead battery vehicle. The [[Protivnik-GE]] and [[Gamma-DE]] radars, integrated with the 92H6E radar system, enables communication between each battery with [[Baikal-E]] senior command posts and similar types; nearby 30К6Е, 83М6Е and 83М6Е2 administration systems; the [[Polyana-D4М1]] command post; fighter-aircraft command post, and mobile long-range radars. The system's [[VHF]] component provides sector search-and-tracking, with the [[X-band|X-]] and [[L-band]] components providing fine-tracking capability. Good placement of the radars relative to the threat axis enables the L- and X-band components to illuminate the incoming target from angles where the target [[radar cross-section]] (RCS) is sub-optimal. The RLM-S and RLM-D have better elevation-tracking accuracy than the RLM-M, and the [[Nebo-M]] should be capable of producing high-quality tracks suitable for mid-course guidance of modern [[surface-to-air missile]]s and trajectory guidance of legacy SAMs.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars |title= Russian / PLA Low Band Surveillance Radars |archive-date=2 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170302084000/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars}}</ref>

[[File:92N6A radar for S-400.jpg|thumb|92N6A radar for S-400]]
The [[Gamma-C1E]] SHF mobile radar station has a {{convert|300|km|adj=on}} detection range.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vvs/rls_gamma-s1e.html|title=RusArmy.com – Радиолокационная станция "Гамма-C1E" |website=rusarmy.com|access-date=22 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103123743/http://rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vvs/rls_gamma-s1e.html|archive-date=3 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The Nebo-M VHF mobile radar station and the Resonance-NE radar station have a detection range of {{convert|400|km}}, and {{convert|40|km}} to an altitude of {{convert|500|m|ft}}. All Nebo-family locators are doubled for army air defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/1861742.html|title=Закупка радиолокационных станций "Ниобий-СВ"|last=bmpd|date=21 April 2016|access-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205140030/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/1861742.html|archive-date=5 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> During the 1970s, the long-range mobile UHF 5H87, and SHF 5H69 low-altitude locators were used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vko.ru/oruzhie/rls-protivnik-g-lomka-stereotipov|title=РЛС "Противник-Г"- ломка стереотипов &#124; Журнал "Воздушно-космическая оборона"|website=vko.ru|access-date=22 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022221854/http://www.vko.ru/oruzhie/rls-protivnik-g-lomka-stereotipov|archive-date=22 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> A goal of the 1980s was detection at an altitude of {{convert|10|m|ft}} at a distance of {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dokwar.ru/publ/vooruzhenie/pvo_i_rvsn/osnovy_sistemy_pro_pvo/16-1-0-253 |title=ОСНОВЫ СИСТЕМЫ ПРО/ПВО |website=ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ |access-date=22 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023050706/http://dokwar.ru/publ/vooruzhenie/pvo_i_rvsn/osnovy_sistemy_pro_pvo/16-1-0-253 |archive-date=23 October 2016 }}</ref> The [[Elbrus (computer)#SPARC|Elbrus-90 computer]] is used to control the system.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dmitry |last=Sudakov |url=http://www.pravdareport.com/world/asia/turkey/25-09-2017/138745-s_400_air_defence-0/ |title=Russia's S-400 air defence systems for NATO armies |date=25 September 2017 |quote=The S-400 works equally well in 360 degrees of activity area. Its phased array radar antenna with Elbrus-90 computer ensures the detection range of up to 600 kilometres. |publisher=Pravda Report |access-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027225122/http://www.pravdareport.com/world/asia/turkey/25-09-2017/138745-s_400_air_defence-0/ |archive-date=27 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Components===
According to the Almaz-Antey product brochure,{{Better source needed|date=May 2024}} the [[92N6E]] multi-function radar acts as the primary radar with an actual detection range of 340&nbsp;km. An interceptor missile is highly dependent on 92N6E multi-function radar rather than Nebo-SVU high-altitude VHF radar.

The [[91N6E]] panoramic radar<ref name="nevskii-bastion.ru">{{cite web|url=http://nevskii-bastion.ru/s-400-tm-2014/|title=НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ СБОРНИК, ВООРУЖЕНИЯ, ВОЕННАЯ ТЕХНИКА, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ СБОРНИК, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОПК, БАСТИОН ВТС, НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, ЖУРНАЛ, СБОРНИК, ВПК, АРМИИ, ВЫСТАВКИ, САЛОНЫ, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ, НОВОСТИ, ПОСЛЕДНИЕ НОВОСТИ, ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, СОБЫТИЯ ФАКТЫ ВПК, НОВОСТИ ОПК, ОБОРОННАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ, МИНИСТРЕСТВО ОБОРОНЫ, СИЛОВЫХ СТРУКТУР, КРАСНАЯ АРМИЯ, СОВЕТСКАЯ АРМИЯ, РУССКАЯ АРМИЯ, ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЕ ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, ВиВТ, ПВН|language=ru|trans-title=Nevsky Bastion, The Military Technical Collection, Weapons, Military Equipment, Military Technical Collection, State of the Art, The History of the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex, The Bastion of the PTS, Nevsky Bastion, Magazine Sampler, Mic, Army, Exhibitions, Showrooms, Military-Technical, News, Latest News, Military News, Events, Facts of the MIC, Mic News Defense Industry, Ministry of Defence, The Security Forces, The Red Army, The Soviet Army, Russian Army, Foreign Military News, A And Me, HRP|website=nevskii-bastion.ru|access-date=30 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718030532/http://nevskii-bastion.ru/s-400-tm-2014/|archive-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> has a declared targeting range of {{convert|150|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="svpressa.ru">{{cite web|url=http://svpressa.ru/post/article/120265/|title=С-400 vs Patriot: в чем американцы уступают нашим ЗРС|date=28 April 2015|access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202052452/http://svpressa.ru/post/article/120265/|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Maximum targeting ranges (detection ranges are wider) are:
* For a ballistic target (speed of 4800&nbsp;m/s and a {{abbr|RCS|radar cross-section}} of 0.4 square metres): {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}}
* For a target with RCS of 4 square metres: {{convert|340|km|abbr=on}}{{Better source needed|date=May 2024}}
* For targeting of strategic-bomber sized types: {{convert|340|km|abbr=on}}{{Better source needed|date=May 2024}}
[[File:96L6E radar radar - 100th Anniversary VVS-R -01.jpg|thumb|96L6 high-altitude radar]]

The [[96L6]] high-altitude detector (TSBS)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/96l6.htm|title=РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННАЯ СТАНЦИЯ 96Л6Е|language=ru|trans-title=96L6E RADAR|website=guns.ru|access-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220175915/http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/96l6.htm|archive-date=20 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bastion-opk.ru/96l6-1/|title=ОРУЖИЕ ОТЕЧЕСТВА, ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЕ ОРУЖИЕ И ВОЕННАЯ ТЕХНИКА (ОВТ)ВООРУЖЕНИЯ, ВОЕННАЯ ТЕХНИКА, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ СБОРНИК, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОПК, БАСТИОН ВТС, НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, ЖУРНАЛ, СБОРНИК, ВПК, АРМИИ, ВЫСТАВКИ, САЛОНЫ, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ, НОВОСТИ, ПОСЛЕДНИЕ НОВОСТИ, ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, СОБЫТИЯ ФАКТЫ ВПК, НОВОСТИ ОПК, ОБОРОННАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ, МИНИСТРЕСТВО ОБОРОНЫ, СИЛОВЫХ СТРУКТУР, КРАСНАЯ АРМИЯ, СОВЕТСКАЯ АРМИЯ, РУССКАЯ АРМИЯ, ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЕ ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, ВиВТ, ПВН|language=ru|trans-title=Weapons of the Fatherland, Our Arms And Military Equipment (OVT) Weapons, Military Equipment, Military Technical Collection, State of the Art, The History of the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex, The Bastion of the PTS, Nevsky Bastion, Magazine Sampler, Mic, Army, Exhibitions, Showrooms, Military-Technical, News, Latest News, Military News, Events, Facts of the MIC, Mic News Defense Industry, Ministry of Defence, The Security Forces, The Red Army, The Soviet Army, Russian Army, Foreign Military News, A And Me, HRP|website=bastion-opk.ru|access-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408034602/http://bastion-opk.ru/96l6-1/|archive-date=8 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> radar and equipment operates independently of the [[96L6E]] low-level radar detector. The 96L6E2 export version can track a maximum of 20 targets,{{Better source needed|date=May 2024}} and is resistant to false returns of clutter in mountainous terrain. It can perform the functions of a command post for battalions of S-300 (SA20/20A/20B)<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/armed_forces/masshtabnye_ucheniya_so_strelbami_iz_s_300_i_s_400_proydut_pod_astrakhanyu/|title=Масштабные учения со стрельбами из С-300 и С-400 пройдут под Астраханью|language=ru|trans-title=Extensive exercises with the firing of S-300 and S-400 will be Astrakhan|website=arms-expo.ru|access-date=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723151454/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/armed_forces/masshtabnye_ucheniya_so_strelbami_iz_s_300_i_s_400_proydut_pod_astrakhanyu/|archive-date=23 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> or S-400. The 96L6-1<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/armed_forces/zrs_s_500_nachnut_postupat_v_voyska_v_2016/|title=ЗРС С-500 начнут поступать в войска в 2016|language=ru|trans-title=S-500 will come to troops in 2016|website=arms-expo.ru|access-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408005110/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/armed_forces/zrs_s_500_nachnut_postupat_v_voyska_v_2016/|archive-date=8 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> serves as command of S-400 and S-500 batteries.
* PBU 55K6E command center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vko.ru/oruzhie/zrs-s-400-triumf-obnaruzhenie-dalnee-soprovozhdenie-tochnoe-pusk-porazhayushchiy|title=ЗРС С-400 "Триумф": обнаружение – дальнее, сопровождение – точное, пуск – поражающий – Журнал "Воздушно-космическая оборона"|language=ru|trans-title=S-400 "triumph": Discovery-far, escorts-fine, start-striking-magazine "air-space defense"|website=vko.ru|access-date=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723132722/http://www.vko.ru/oruzhie/zrs-s-400-triumf-obnaruzhenie-dalnee-soprovozhdenie-tochnoe-pusk-porazhayushchiy|archive-date=23 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> with a maximum distance between the command center and the battalion of 98ZH6E when re-transmitters are being used is {{convert|100|km|abbr=on}}.

Missiles are launched from 5P85TE2 self-propelled launchers or 5P85SE2 trailer launchers operating in conjunction with a BAZ-64022 or [[MAZ-543]]M tractor-trailer. A new type of transporter was introduced in 2014 to improve mobility while reducing fuel consumption. The cost of transporters in 2014 is 8.7&nbsp;million rubles.<ref name=rostec>{{cite web|url=http://rostec.ru/news/4513688|title=Ростех :: Новости :: "Авиационное оборудование" модернизировало транспортную машину для С-400|language=ru|trans-title=Rustech: News: aviation equipment "modernized transport car for S-400|website=rostec.ru|access-date=5 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318051157/http://rostec.ru/news/4513688|archive-date=18 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The MAZ launcher chassis are reportedly of higher quality than the domestic equivalent.<ref name="efrusi">{{cite news |last1=Ferris |first1=Emily |title=Could Russia's Reliance on Belarus be its Soft Underbelly? |url=https://static.rusi.org/could-russias-reliance-on-belarus-be-its-soft-underbelly.pdf |publisher=The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies |date=12 January 2023 |archive-date=12 January 2023 |access-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112105234/https://static.rusi.org/could-russias-reliance-on-belarus-be-its-soft-underbelly.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Missiles===
[[File:MAKS-2017part3-081.jpg|thumb|right|[[9M100E]] SAM at the 2017 [[MAKS airshow]]]]
One system comprising eight [[divizion]] (battalions) can control 72 launchers, with a maximum of 384 missiles<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fr.ria.ru/infographie/20091217/185689655.html|title=Missiles sol-air S-400 (Triumph)|date=17 December 2009|agency=RIA Novosti|language=fr|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016155504/http://fr.ria.ru/infographie/20091217/185689655.html|archive-date=16 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> (including missiles with a range of less than {{convert|250|km|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}}).<ref name="dokwar.ru"/><ref name="ria.ru"/>{{Better source needed|date=May 2024}} A gas system launches missiles from launch tubes. At {{convert|30|m}} downrange rocket motor ignition activates.<ref name="army-news.ru"/> In April 2015, a successful test firing of the missile was conducted at an airborne target at a range of {{convert|400|km|abbr=on}};<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150404/1056629484.html|title=Минобороны России испытало новую ракету для ЗРС С-400|website=РИА Новости|date=4 April 2015|access-date=5 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404222718/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150404/1056629484.html|archive-date=4 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1880594|title=ТАСС: Армия и ОПК – Минобороны испытало дальнюю ракету для С-400|website=ТАСС|access-date=5 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406234202/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1880594|archive-date=6 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[transporter erector launcher]]s (TELs) carrying the long-range 40N6 may only hold two missiles instead of the typical four due to their large size.<ref>[http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/are-russias-lethal-s-400-sams-equipped-the-latest-long-range-19115 Are Russia's Lethal S-400 SAMs Equipped with the Latest Long-Range Missiles?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025253/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/are-russias-lethal-s-400-sams-equipped-the-latest-long-range-19115 |date=7 November 2017 }} – Nationalinterest.org, 19 January 2017</ref> Another test recorded a 9M96 missile using an active radar homing head that reached an altitude of {{convert|56|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://de.scribd.com/doc/272460236/SA-21-GROWLER-S-400|title=SA-21 GROWLER (S-400)|via=Scribd|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724160502/https://de.scribd.com/doc/272460236/SA-21-GROWLER-S-400|archive-date=24 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> All missiles are equipped with directed explosion warheads, which increases the probability of complete destruction of aerial targets but are less effective against ballistic targets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.s400.ru/application.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126100738/http://s400.ru/application.aspx|archive-date=26 November 2013|title=Применение ЗРС С-400 Триумф|website=s400.ru}}</ref> In 2016, Russian anti-aircraft missile troops received upgraded guided missiles for S-300 and S-400 defense systems.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tass.com/defense/893892|title=Russian Aerospace Force receives over 30 planes and helicopters in 2016|agency=TASS|access-date=4 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704194533/https://tass.com/defense/893892|archive-date=4 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The anti-aircraft version of the missile system, designed to destroy aircraft, cruise, and ballistic missiles, can also be used against ground targets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/894009|title=Russian troops in Crimea receive S-400 antiaircraft missile system|agency=TASS|access-date=4 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704194530/https://tass.com/defense/894009|archive-date=4 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The S-400 is able to intercept [[cruise missile]]s at a range of only about {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} due to their low-altitude flight paths.<ref>[https://www.rferl.org/a/weher-was-the-s-300-s-400-missile-defense-systems/28417014.html After U.S. Strikes Syrian Air Base, Russians Ask: 'Where Were Our Vaunted Air Defense Systems?'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504182951/https://www.rferl.org/a/weher-was-the-s-300-s-400-missile-defense-systems/28417014.html |date=4 May 2017 }} – Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty/Radio Liberty/Radio Liberty, 7 April 2017</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Missile specifications
! GRAU index
! Range
! Altitude
! Maximum velocity
! Maximum target velocity
! Weight
! Warhead
! Guidance
! Notes
|-
| {{vanchor |40N6}}E<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3317512.html|title=Характеристики зенитной управляемой ракеты большой дальности 40Н6|website=livejournal.com|date=24 August 2018|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812162858/https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3317512.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{convert|380|km||abbr=on}}<ref name=":1"/>
| {{convert|30|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=":1"/>
| {{convert|1190|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3317512.html|title=Характеристики зенитной управляемой ракеты большой дальности 40Н6|date=24 August 2018|access-date=19 October 2018|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812162858/https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3317512.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{convert|4800|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref name=":1"/>
| 1,893&nbsp;kg<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://nevskii-bastion.ru/s-400-tm-2014/|title=НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ СБОРНИК, ВООРУЖЕНИЯ, ВОЕННАЯ ТЕХНИКА, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ СБОРНИК, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОПК, БАСТИОН ВТС, НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, ЖУРНАЛ, СБОРНИК, ВПК, АРМИИ, ВЫСТАВКИ, САЛОНЫ, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ, НОВОСТИ, ПОСЛЕДНИЕ НОВОСТИ, ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, СОБЫТИЯ ФАКТЫ ВПК, НОВОСТИ ОПК, ОБОРОННАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ, МИНИСТРЕСТВО ОБОРОНЫ, СИЛОВЫХ СТРУКТУР, КРАСНАЯ АРМИЯ, СОВЕТСКАЯ АРМИЯ, РУССКАЯ АРМИЯ, ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЕ ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, ВиВТ, ПВН|last=сборник|first=БАСТИОН: военно-технический|website=nevskii-bastion.ru|access-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718030532/http://nevskii-bastion.ru/s-400-tm-2014/|archive-date=18 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
| [[Semi-active radar homing]] or<br />[[active radar homing]]
| With an active radar homing head, climbs to designated altitude then guidance switches to search & destroy mode.<ref name="army-news.ru"/>

|-
| {{vanchor |48N6DM}}/<br />{{vanchor |48N6E3}}
| {{convert|240|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| {{convert|27|km|ft|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|2000|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| {{convert|4800|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| {{convert|1835|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| {{convert|180|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| Semi-active radar homing<ref name="raspletin1" />
|
|-
| {{vanchor |48N6E2}}
| {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1">{{cite book |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-400-Triumf.html#mozTocId843249|section=Fakel 48N6E3 and 40N6 Surface to Air Missiles|title=Almaz-Antey 40R6 / S-400 Triumf Self Propelled Air Defence System / SA-21 |date=May 2009|via=AusAirpower |access-date=11 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625202211/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-400-Triumf.html#mozTocId843249|archive-date=25 June 2015|url-status=live|last1=Kopp|first1=Carlo|pages=1 }}</ref>
|{{convert|27|km|ft|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|2000|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| {{convert|2800|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| {{convert|1835|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| {{convert|180|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower1" />
| Semi-active radar homing<ref name="raspletin1" />
|
|-
| {{vanchor |9M96}} and <br />{{vanchor |9M96E2}}
| {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2" />
| {{convert|30|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2" />
| {{convert|1000|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2" /> <!--(1M=295–340&nbsp;m/s → 1000&nbsp;m/s≈3~3.3M)-->
|
| {{convert|420|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2" />
| {{convert|24|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2" />
| Active radar homing<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2" />
| Claimed high hit probability with one missile against fast, maneuvering targets. Aircraft = 0.9; UAV = 0.8; Cruise missile = 0.7.<ref name="rbase.new-factoria.ru"/><ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2" /><br /> Load factor of more than 20&nbsp;g at {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} altitude greatly increases the probability to destroy short- to medium-range ballistic missiles.<ref name="kap-yar.ru" />

|-
| {{vanchor |9M96E}}
| {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="S-400 AusAirpower2">{{cite book |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-400-Triumf.html#mozTocId125551|section=Fakel 9M96E and 9M96E2 Surface to Air Missiles|title=Almaz-Antey 40R6 / S-400 Triumf Self Propelled Air Defence System / SA-21 |via=AusAirpower |last1=Kopp|first1=Carlo|date=May 2009|pages=1 |access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625202211/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-400-Triumf.html#mozTocId125551|archive-date=25 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="arms-expo.ru" />
| {{convert|20|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="arms-expo.ru" />
| {{convert|900|m/s|mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vpk.name/library/f/vityaz.html|title=Зенитный ракетный комплекс ПВО средней дальности С-350 50Р6А "Витязь"|access-date=28 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513060929/http://vpk.name/library/f/vityaz.html|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
| {{convert|333|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="arms-expo.ru" />
| {{convert|24|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="arms-expo.ru" />
| Active radar homing<ref name="rg.ru">{{cite web|url=https://rg.ru/2014/05/05/zrk-site.html|title=Пять преимуществ С-400 над Patriot|date=5 May 2014|access-date=23 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018231036/https://rg.ru/2014/05/05/zrk-site.html|archive-date=18 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
| {{vanchor|9M100E}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

* The [[anti-ballistic missile]] (ABM) capabilities of the S-400 system are near the maximum allowed under the (now void) [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]].
* The new anti-ballistic missiles 77N6-N and 77N6-N1 to enter service in 2022 supposedly add inert/kinetic anti-ballistic capability to the S-400 system and are too large for the SA-20.<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrei Kislyakov, specially for RIR |url=http://indrus.in/articles/2012/12/18/russia_to_roll_out_new_hypersonic_missiles_21107.html |title=Russia to roll out new hypersonic missiles |publisher=Indrus.in |date=18 December 2012 |access-date=29 October 2013}}</ref> The same missiles will also be used by the [[S-500 (missile)|S-500]], which has a clearly stated ABM role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/s-500/ |title=S-500 Prometheus |publisher=[[MissileThreat.com]] |date=26 April 2013 |access-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212139/http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/s-500/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Missile gallery====
<gallery>
File:9M96E2-1 - MAKS-2017part3-075.jpg|9M96E2 SAM at the 2017 MAKS airshow
File:MAKS-2017part3-076.jpg|9M96E2 SAM at the 2017 MAKS airshow
File:9M96E2-1 - MAKS-2017part3-074.jpg|9M96E2-1 at the 2017 MAKS airshow
File:Пусковая установка 5П85ТМ ЗРC С-400 - Парка Патриот 06.jpg|5P85TM TEL for S-400 missile system
File:ParkPatriot2015part8-04.jpg|5P85SE2 TEL for S-300PM2
File:ParkPatriot2015part8-01.jpg|5P85TE2 TEL
File:S-400 firing at the Ashuluk Training Ground (2020-09-15).webm|S-400 firing in 2020 at the [[Ashuluk]] Training Ground
File:2nd Air Defense Division's S-400 SAMs firing at the Ashuluk Training Ground (13-04-2013).webm|S-400 firing in 2013 at the Ashuluk Training Ground
File:1537th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment's S-400 at the Ashuluk TG during Kavkaz 2020 exercise (22-09-2020).webm|S-400 firing during Kavkaz 2020 exercise
</gallery>

===S-300 system family tree===
{{tree chart/start}}
{{tree chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | | | |S300| | | | | | | | | | | | |S300='''S-300 family'''}}
{{tree chart| | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|%|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | |S3V| | | | | | |S3P| | | | | | | | | | |S3F| | | | | |S3V='''S-300V'''|S3P='''S-300P'''|S3F='''S-300F'''}}
{{tree chart| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |,|-|'| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart|S3V1| |S3V2| |S3PT| | | | |S3PS| | | | |Ft|-|Rf| | | |S3V1=S-300V1|S3V2=S-300V2|S3PT=S-300PT|S3PS=S-300PS|Ft=Fort|Rf=Rif|boxstyle_Rf=background-color: #afa;}}
{{tree chart| |`|-|v|-|'| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | |SVM| | | |SPT1| |SPM|-|.| |SPMU| |FtM|-|RfM| | |SVM=[[S-300VM]]|SPT1=S-300PT-1|SPM=S-300PM|SPMU=S-300PMU|FtM=Fort-M|RfM=Rif-M|boxstyle_SPMU=background-color: #afa;|boxstyle_RfM=background-color: #afa;}}
{{tree chart| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| |FavS| |!| | | | | | | | | |FavS=Favorit-S}}
{{tree chart|SVM1| |SVM2| |SPTA| |SPM1| | | |PMU1| | | | | | | |SVM1=S-300VM1|SVM2=S-300VM2|SPTA=S-300PT-1A|SPM1=S-300PM1|PMU1=S-300PMU1|boxstyle_PMU1=background-color: #afa;}}
{{tree chart| |`|-|v|-|'| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | |An5|-|.| | | | | |SPM2| |,|-|PMU2| | | |N-Ex| | | |An5=Antey 2500|SPM2=S-300PM2|PMU2=S-300PMU2|N-Ex=Russian Ver.|boxstyle_An5=background-color: #afa;|boxstyle_PMU2=background-color: #afa;}}
{{tree chart| | | |!| |V4| | | | | |!| |Fav| | | | | | |Ex| |V4=S-300V4|Fav=Favorit|Ex=Export Ver.|boxstyle_Ex=background-color: #afa;|boxstyle_Fav=background-color: #afa;}}
{{tree chart| | |VMD| | | | | | | |S400| | | | | | | | | | |VMD=S-300VMD|S400='''S-400'''}}
{{tree chart/end}}

===Morpheus defence system===
* A separate independent air defense system, the [[42S6 Morfey]] (Morpheus) is being developed. This system is designated as a short-range air defense system to protect the S-400 from various threats during its terminal phase, and will also act together with the [[S-350E]] as a supplement to the S-400. Together, these systems form part of the [[Russian Aerospace Defence Forces]].<ref name="oborona.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/defense/2013/0830/114111407/detail.shtml|title=Национальная оборона / Оборонно-промышленный комплекс / В интересах ВКО России|date=2 October 2013|website=oborona.ru|access-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419083430/http://oborona.ru/includes/periodics/defense/2013/0830/114111407/detail.shtml|archive-date=19 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Development of Morfey started in 2007 and was planned to be introduced in 2013, but was delayed until at least 2015, in 2023 the development is not completed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://army-news.ru/2011/08/novyj-zrk-morfej/|title=В России создаётся новый ЗРК "Морфей"|author=Редактор|website=army-news.ru|access-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513153836/http://army-news.ru/2011/08/novyj-zrk-morfej/|archive-date=13 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bastion-karpenko.narod.ru/Morfei_01.html|title=НОВЫЙ ЗРК "МОРФЕЙ"|website=narod.ru|access-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323192416/http://bastion-karpenko.narod.ru/Morfei_01.html|archive-date=23 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Morfei is late">{{cite web|url=http://vpk-news.ru/articles/15754|title="Морфей" опаздывает на два года|website=vpk-news.ru|access-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004230631/http://vpk-news.ru/articles/15754|archive-date=4 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The missile system consists of [[omnidirectional antenna|omnidirectional]] 29YA6 radar and 36 missiles.<ref name="oborona.ru"/> The missiles have up to {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} range and an altitude of up to 3500&nbsp;m.<ref name="oborona.ru"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://army.lv/ru/42s6/703/757|title=42С6 "Морфей" – зенитный ракетный комплекс ближнего действия|website=army.lv|access-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314232235/http://army.lv/ru/42s6/703/757|archive-date=14 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* An external independent target system is in the works (RLS "Niobium"). Mobility looks to be in the 5 minute range. It uses multiple frequency capability (band S and UHF) with a declared detection parameter of a 1 square meter RCS at {{convert|430|km|abbr=on}} including a target speed of 8000&nbsp;km/h (4791&nbsp;mph, Mach 6.35). The detection system requires the operator to transfer command of targeting to subordinate systems; in this application, the maximum target speed is obtained by use of the subordinate systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bastion-karpenko.ru/55zh6um/|title=ВООРУЖЕНИЯ, ВОЕННАЯ ТЕХНИКА, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ СБОРНИК, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОПК, БАСТИОН ВТС, НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, ЖУРНАЛ, СБОРНИК, ВПК, АРМИИ, ВЫСТАВКИ, САЛОНЫ, ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ, НОВОСТИ, ПОСЛЕДНИЕ НОВОСТИ, ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, СОБЫТИЯ ФАКТЫ ВПК, НОВОСТИ ОПК, ОБОРОННАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ, МИНИСТРЕСТВО ОБОРОНЫ, СИЛОВЫХ СТРУКТУР, КРАСНАЯ АРМИЯ, СОВЕТСКАЯ АРМИЯ, РУССКАЯ АРМИЯ, ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЕ ВОЕННЫЕ НОВОСТИ, ВиВТ, ПВН, информация по военной технике, сайт по Военной технике|first=БАСТИОН: военно-технический|last=сборник|website=bastion-karpenko.ru|access-date=22 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720201017/http://bastion-karpenko.ru/55zh6um/|archive-date=20 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Specifications==
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Main characteristics of the S-400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://old.raspletin.ru/produce/adms/s400/|title=ЗРС "Триумф" – ОАО "НПО "Алмаз"|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703032824/http://old.raspletin.ru/produce/adms/s400/|archive-date=3 July 2015}}</ref>
| Max. target speed
| style="text-align:center;"|{{convert|4.8|km/s|km/h mph Mach|abbr=on}}<ref name="raspletin.ru"/> or
lower than {{convert|850|m/s|km/h mph Mach}}<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Російські війська не можуть збити "Хаймарси" ракетами ППО, бо швидкість "Хаймарсів" значно вища, ніж у С400 на зльоті |url=http://greenpost.ua/news/rosijski-vijska-ne-mozhut-zbyty-hajmarsy-raketamy-ppo-bo-shvydkist-hajmarsiv-znachno-vyshha-nizh-u-i46589 |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=greenpost.ua |language=uk-UA}}</ref>
|-
| Max. Target detection distance (km)
| style="text-align:center;"|600<ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Sindoor: How is Russia's S-500 different from the S-400 defence system? |url=https://www.wionews.com/photos/operation-sindoor-how-is-russias-s-500-different-from-the-s-400-defence-system-9071735 |access-date=11 June 2025 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Range against aerodynamic target (km)
* maximum
* minimum
| style="text-align:center;"|400<ref name="militaryparitet-7271">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130530130302/http://www.militaryparitet.com/teletype/data/ic_teletype/7271 New missile for the s-400 is already being prepared for serial production]}} "Military parity" (18 March 2010)</ref><br />2<ref name="dokwar.ru">{{cite web|url=http://dokwar.ru/publ/pvo_i_rvsn/zrs_s_400_triumf/16-1-0-54|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140929124936/http://dokwar.ru/publ/pvo_i_rvsn/zrs_s_400_triumf/16-1-0-54|archive-date=29 September 2014|title=ЗРС С-400 "Триумф"|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Altitude limits for aerodynamic target (2015, km)
* maximum
* minimum
| style="text-align:center;"|27<ref name="raspletin.ru"/> (easily)/30<ref name="ria.ru">{{cite web|url=http://ria.ru/infografika/20110217/335150208.html|title=Характеристики зенитной ракетной системы С-400|website=РИА Новости|date=17 February 2011|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127151443/http://ria.ru/infografika/20110217/335150208.html|archive-date=27 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Range against tactical ballistic targets (km)
* maximum
* minimum
| style="text-align:center;"|60<br />5<ref name="raspletin1"/>
|-
| The number of simultaneously engaged targets (full system)
| style="text-align:center;"| 36<ref name="Цензор.НЕТ">{{Cite web |last=Цензор.НЕТ |title=5 августа украинская армия впервые в мире уничтожила многофункциональный радар новейшей российской зенитно-ракетной системы С-400 "Триумф", - Бутусов. ФОТО |url=https://censor.net/ru/photo_news/3374066/5_avgusta_ukrainskaya_armiya_vpervye_v_mire_unichtojila_mnogofunktsionalnyyi_radar_noveyisheyi_rossiyiskoyi |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=Цензор.НЕТ |date=16 October 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
| The number of simultaneously guided missiles (full system)
| style="text-align:center;"|72, can use 2 missiles to attack 1 target<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/41261924|title=S-400令土耳其疏遠北約 普京乘虛而入|date=13 September 2017|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
|-
| Ready for operation on a signal from driving on the march
| style="text-align:center;"| 5 min;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://otvaga2004.ru/fotoreportazhi/voyennaya-tehnika/zenitnaya-raketnaya-sistema-s-400-triumf-v-detalyax/|title=Зенитная ракетная система С-400 "Триумф" в деталях|website=Военно-патриотический сайт "Отвага"|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214032521/http://otvaga2004.ru/fotoreportazhi/voyennaya-tehnika/zenitnaya-raketnaya-sistema-s-400-triumf-v-detalyax/|archive-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> 10–15 min during development<ref name="youtube.com">{{cite web |title=С-400 и С-500 в программе "Военная Тайна" | date=21 October 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjHLtbicXMY#t=108 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624022110/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjHLtbicXMY#t=108 |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=14 November 2014 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| Ready for operation on a signal from standby
| style="text-align:center;"| ready and enabled 35 sec; ready 3&nbsp;min<ref name="nevskii-bastion.ru"/>
|-
| Time between major overhauls
| style="text-align:center;"| 10,000 hours
|-
| Service life
* ground facilities
* anti-aircraft guided missiles
| style="text-align:center;"|<br />At least 20 years<br />10 years
|}
* Types of targets:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://defense-update.com/features/2010/february/triumf_fielded_19022010.html|title=After 3 years Delay, S-400 Triumf is Officially Fielded|author=Defense Update|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016221759/http://defense-update.com/features/2010/february/triumf_fielded_19022010.html|archive-date=16 October 2014}}</ref>
** Aerial targets
** Ballistic missiles with low probability (range up to 3,500&nbsp;km)<ref name="arms-expo.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.arms-expo.ru/049051048057124052049048.html|title=С-400 "Триумф", зенитная ракетная система|language=ru|trans-title=S-400 "Triumph" surface-to-air missile system|website=Arms Expo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323074749/http://www.arms-expo.ru/049051048057124052049048.html|archive-date=23 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
* All-purpose maximum radial velocity is {{convert|4.8|km/s|km/h mph Mach}}; absolute limit {{convert|5|km/s|km/h mph Mach}},<ref name="arms-expo.ru"/> the minimum target speed is zero.<ref name="raspletin1"/>
* System response time 9–10 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/s-500/#fn-7594-3|title=S-500 Prometheus|website=Missile Threat|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212139/http://missilethreat.com/defense-systems/s-500/#fn-7594-3|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The complex can move on roads at {{convert|60|kph|abbr=on}} and off-road at speeds up to {{convert|25|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="vpk.name">{{cite web |title=Зенитная ракетная система большой и средней дальности С-400 "Триумф" |url=http://vpk.name/library/f/c-400.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107160733/http://vpk.name/library/f/c-400.html |archive-date=7 January 2015 |access-date=7 December 2014 |website=vpk.name}}</ref>
* According to the ''Pravda'' state newspaper, the price of one battalion (about 7–8 launchers) is US$200&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.ru/politics/military/defence/28-02-2013/1146488-s400protivmeads-1/|title=С-400 против MEADS|language=ru|trans-title=S-400 against MEADS|website=Правда.Ру|date=27 February 2013|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120812/http://www.pravda.ru/politics/military/defence/28-02-2013/1146488-s400protivmeads-1/|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Deployment history==
===Russia===
[[File:Боевой расчет С-400 «Триумф» за работой.jpg|thumb|left|S-400 crew on duty]]
On 21 May 2007 the Russian Air Force announced that S-400 systems would be put on combat duty near the town of [[Elektrostal]] in [[Moscow Oblast]], to defend Moscow and Central Russia, by 1 July 2007.<ref name="operational">{{cite news |url= http://www.atmonline.cz/news/2007/kveten/310507b.htm | work = ATM online | agency =[[RIA Novosti]] |location= CS |language=cs |title=Systém S-400 připraven k obraně Moskvy |trans-title= The S-400 system is ready to defend Moscow |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070703071756/http://www.atmonline.cz/news/2007/kveten/310507b.htm |archive-date= 3 July 2007 |date= 31 May 2007 |access-date= 9 December 2010 |quote=... S-400 ... will be put in full combat readiness to defend Moscow and central Russia (near the city of Elektrostal in the Moscow Region) on 1 July 2007.}}</ref> On 6 August 2007 the first regiment equipped with S-400 systems entered active service near Elektrostal, according to Channel One Russia. The regiment was the 606th Guards Anti-air Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the [[Special Purpose Command]].<ref name="charter97">{{cite web |url= http://charter97.org/en/news/2008/4/15/5746/ |title= Russia to Belarus fearing of Ukraine |website= [[Charter 97]].org |date= 15 April 2008 |access-date= 10 December 2010 |quote= ...sources report the regiment based at Elektrostal is the 606th Guards Anti-air Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the Special Purpose Command |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110927144253/http://charter97.org/en/news/2008/4/15/5746/ |archive-date= 27 September 2011 |url-status= live }}</ref>

On 8 February 2008 Lt. Gen. Vladimir Sviridov announced that Russia would be replacing the S-300 systems in the northwest of Russia with the S-400. Military experts expect Russia's use of the system as a major component of their ballistic missile defense until 2020.<ref name="upi_20080208">{{cite web |url= http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/02/08/russia_moves_to_longer-range_interceptors/9376/ |title= Russia moves to longer-range interceptors |website= [[United Press International]] |date= 8 February 2008 |access-date= 9 December 2010 |quote=Russian military experts expect the S-400 to be the backbone of the country's missile defenses through at least 2020. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080212113417/http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/02/08/russia_moves_to_longer-range_interceptors/9376/ |archive-date= 12 February 2008 |df= dmy-all}}</ref>

In September 2006 Deputy Prime Minister [[Sergei Ivanov]] announced the purchase of 18 S-400 battalions for internal defense for the period 2007–2015.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2006/08/07/110626 |script-title= ru:Оружия не хватит – Для переоснащения армии нет средств |language= ru |trans-title= The Army cannot afford enough weapons for retooling |date= 8 August 2008 |website= [[Vedomosti]] |access-date= 9 December 2010 |quote= LG-2015 provides for... the purchase of... 18 anti-aircraft missile battalions of S-400 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090630052425/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2006%2F08%2F07%2F110626 |archive-date= 30 June 2009 |url-status= live }}</ref>

The Baltic Fleet in Kaliningrad received S-400 SAM systems which went into operational status in April 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14816 |title= Baltic Fleet Receives S-400 Air Defense Missile Systems |publisher= Rus navy |date= 6 April 2012 |access-date= 29 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120514121306/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14816 |archive-date= 14 May 2012 |url-status= live }}</ref> One S-400 [[divizion]] is deployed on combat duty in the Russian far east city of [[Nakhodka]].<ref name="warfare.be">{{cite web |url= http://warfare.be/?lang=&linkid=1699&catid=264 |title= SA-21 Growler/S400 Triumph Long Range TABM/SAM – Russian Military Analysis |publisher= Warfare |place= be |access-date= 29 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170301185446/http://warfare.be/?lang=&linkid=1699&catid=264 |archive-date= 1 March 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>

As of 2012, one system (in Electrostal) was operational, with three more S-400 battalions being deployed. All 56 battalions will be delivered by 2020.<ref name="AFtech">{{cite news|title=Russia to induct three S-400 battalions in 2012|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsrussia-to-induct-three-s-400-battalions-in-2012/|work=Air Force Technology|access-date=6 April 2012|date=19 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616232107/http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsrussia-to-induct-three-s-400-battalions-in-2012|archive-date=16 June 2013|url-status=live |author1=Admin }}</ref>{{update inline|date=May 2020}}

Russia plans to recommission the [[Kirov-class battlecruiser|''Kirov''-class battlecruiser]] [[Russian battlecruiser Admiral Nakhimov|''Admiral Nakhimov'']] in 2023. Plans called for the installation of the 48N6DMK anti-aircraft missile derived from the land-based S-400. This will extend the ''Kirov''{{'s}} air defense from {{convert|100|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} to {{convert|250|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2015-news/november-2015-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/3232-russias-kirov-class-cruiser-admiral-nakhimov-to-be-fitted-with-48n6dmk-missiles-from-s-400.html | title = Russia's Kirov Class Cruiser Admiral Nakhimov to be Fitted with 48N6DMK Missiles From S-400 | work = Navy recognition | date = 12 November 2015 | access-date = 16 November 2015 | archive-date = 17 November 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117123041/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2015-news/november-2015-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/3232-russias-kirov-class-cruiser-admiral-nakhimov-to-be-fitted-with-48n6dmk-missiles-from-s-400.html | url-status = live }}</ref>{{update inline|date=May 2020}}  Adm. Vladimir Korolev stated at that time that Russia's Northern Fleet's Coastal Forces had deployed S-400s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calrev.org/2019/07/18/cold-ambition-the-new-geopolitical-faultline/|title=Cold Ambition: The New Geopolitical Faultline|last=Henderson|first=Isaiah M.|date=18 July 2019|website=The California Review|language=en-US|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208023028/https://calrev.org/2019/07/18/cold-ambition-the-new-geopolitical-faultline/?v=7516fd43adaa|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/russian-military-deploy-bastion-anti-ship-missile-complexes-arctic-2015-1946156|title=Russian Military To Deploy Bastion Anti-Ship Missile Complexes In Arctic In 2015|last=Bora|first=Kukil|date=1 June 2015|website=International Business Times|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719010945/https://www.ibtimes.com/russian-military-deploy-bastion-anti-ship-missile-complexes-arctic-2015-1946156|archive-date=19 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 March 2016 the acting commander of the 14th Air Force and Air Defense Army, major general Vladimir Korytkov, said that six S-400 units had been activated at the air defense formation in Russia's [[Novosibirsk Oblast]].<ref name="tasssixnew">{{cite news|url= http://tass.ru/en/defense/859835|title= S-400 Triumph missile systems put on combat duty in Siberia|agency= TASS|date= 1 March 2016|access-date= 1 March 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160302100625/http://tass.ru/en/defense/859835|archive-date= 2 March 2016|url-status= live}}</ref> TASS also reported that as of the end of 2015, a total of eleven Russian missile regiments were armed with S-400, and by the end of 2016 their number was expected to increase to sixteen.<ref name="tasssixnew" />

====2015 – Syria====
{{main|Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War}}

It was reported in November 2015 that S-400s would be deployed to [[Syria]] along with the contingent of Russian troops and other military hardware in the course of the [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War|air campaign conducted by the Russian forces]] in support of the [[Syrian government]].<ref>[http://newsru.com/world/13nov2015/c400syria.html Россия разместила в Сирии новейшие системы ПВО С-400 "Триумф", утверждает пресса] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115231940/http://www.newsru.com/world/13nov2015/c400syria.html |date=15 November 2015}} [[NEWSru]], 13 November 2015.</ref> However, those claims were refuted by Russia.<ref>[http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/no-this-image-is-not-proof-that-russia-deployed-s-400-1742426644 No, This Image Is Not Proof That Russia Deployed S-400 Advanced SAMs To Syria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114125826/http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/no-this-image-is-not-proof-that-russia-deployed-s-400-1742426644 |date=14 November 2015 }} – Foxtrotalpha.Jalopnik.com, 13 November 2015</ref> On 25 November 2015 the Russian government announced it would deploy S-400s in Syria as a response to the [[2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown|downing of its Su-24M jet]] by Turkey.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34917485 Missing Russian jet pilot 'alive and well' in Syria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419102218/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34917485 |date=19 April 2018 }}. Retrieved 25 November 2015.</ref> By the next day, deployment of S-400 air defense systems to Syria was underway.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://kommersant.ru/doc/2862671|title=Россия развернула в Сирии ЗРК С-400|newspaper=Kommersant|date=26 November 2015|access-date=26 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127060101/http://kommersant.ru/doc/2862671|archive-date=27 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The first S-400 unit was activated at the [[Khmeimim Air Base]] in [[Latakia Governorate]].<ref name="IHS"/> In April and July 2017 a second S-400 unit was activated {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Masyaf]], [[Hama Governorate]].<ref name="IHS">{{cite news |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |title=Second Russian S-400 in Syria confirmed |date=29 September 2017 |url=http://www.janes.com/article/74500/second-russian-s-400-in-syria-confirmed |access-date=1 October 2017 |first1=Jeremy |last1=Binnie |first2=Sean |last2=O'Connor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002012653/http://www.janes.com/article/74500/second-russian-s-400-in-syria-confirmed |archive-date=2 October 2017}}</ref> Although these systems are located in Syria, they are under the command of the [[Russian military]] and not the [[Syrian Armed Forces|Syrian]] (nor [[Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces|Iranian]]) military,<ref name=arabweekly2022 /> making the [[Government of Russia|Russian government]] liable if used against another state (that is, its use would be considered an attack by Russia rather than Syria).

On 22 May 2018 [[Israeli Air Force]] commander Major General [[Amikam Norkin]] reported that [[Israel]] became the first country in the world to use the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement|F-35I Adir]] in combat during [[May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents|recent clashes with Iran in Syria]].<ref name=haaretz22may18>{{cite news |last=Kubovich |first=Yaniv |date=22 May 2018 |title=Israel Is First Country in World to Carry Out 'Operational Attack' With the F-35 Stealth Fighter, Air Force Chief Says |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/iranians-fired-32-rockets-at-israel-during-flare-up-israeli-air-force-1.6110706 |work=Haaretz |archive-date=22 May 2018 |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522120431/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/iranians-fired-32-rockets-at-israel-during-flare-up-israeli-air-force-1.6110706 |url-status=live }}</ref> In mid-2020, several media outlets, including Turkish media, questioned the combat capability of the S-400 air defense system.<ref>{{cite web|last=Egozi|first=Katz|date=9 June 2020|title=Unanswered Israeli Air Strikes Against Syria Raise S-400 Questions|url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2020/06/unanswered-israeli-air-strikes-against-syria-raise-s-400-questions/|access-date=9 January 2022|website=Breaking Defense|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In late December 2021, the Israeli Air Force flew military jets over areas protected by S-400 and [[Pantsir missile system|Pantsir SAM]] in Syria and bombed Iran-backed [[Hezbollah]] militia based in [[Latakia]].{{Better source needed|date=May 2024}} Russia operates [[Russian naval facility in Tartus|a naval base]] in the port of [[Tartus]], {{convert|85|km|abbr=on}} to the south near the [[port of Latakia]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Beirut|first=Agence France-Presse in|date=28 December 2021|title=Israeli airstrike sets port of Latakia ablaze, says Syrian media|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/28/airstrike-blamed-israel-sets-syrian-port-latakia-ablaze|access-date=9 January 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|quote=The Syrian government's other major ally, Russia, operates a naval base in the port of Tartus, 53 miles (85&nbsp;km) to the south.|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228160724/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/28/airstrike-blamed-israel-sets-syrian-port-latakia-ablaze|url-status=live}}<!--Does not mention S-400, F-16, F-35. I added the only quote mentioning Russia. I'm not sure how this article is relevant to the S-400. --></ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Israeli attack on Syria port causes 'significant material damage'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/28/israeli-air-raid-targets-syrian-port-of-latakia-state-media|access-date=9 January 2022|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en|quote=Russia, which has been President Bashar al-Assad's most powerful ally during the war, alongside Iran, operates an airbase at Hmeimim, some 20&nbsp;km (12 miles) south of the city.}}</ref> Considering the engagement range advertised by the Russians, the S-400 could have engaged Israeli aircraft but did not. Neither Russian fighter jets nor the S-400 systems attempted to intercept the Israeli aircraft.<ref name=arabweekly2022>{{cite web|title=When Israel bombs Syria, Russia turns a blind eye {{!}} Nikola Mikovic|url=http://thearabweekly.com/when-israel-bombs-syria-russia-turns-blind-eye|date=3 January 2022|access-date=9 January 2022|website=AW|language=en|quote=That night, neither Russia's S-400 nor Syria's air defence systems attempted to hit the Israeli planes. The truth is, Russia never activates its air defence systems against Israeli jets. Such passivity is believed to be part of a wider deal between the two countries. After the Kremlin started its military adventure in Syria in 2015, it reached an agreement with the Jewish State: Israel reportedly pledged to guarantee the safety of Russian citizens and military installations in Syria during its strikes on Iranian militias and Syrian military targets. In return, Moscow promised not to use its weapons to repel Israeli attacks. [...] Although the Russian military operating in Syria has the power to prevent Israel from hitting Iranian and Syrian targets, Russia constantly turns a blind eye to Israel's activity in Syria. The attack on Latakia port was no exception.}}</ref> It is widely believed that [[Israel–Russia relations|Russia and Israel]] have an agreement that Israel will guarantee the safety of Russian personnel and assets during [[Israel's role in the Syrian civil war|its strikes on non-Russian targets in Syria]] and in return, Russia will not target Israeli aircraft nor repel Israeli strikes.<ref name=arabweekly2022 />

====2022 – Ukraine====
{{main|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

Initial Ukrainian sources claimed that, on 25 February 2022, the [[Sukhoi Su-27|Su-27]] of Ukrainian Colonel [[Oleksandr Oksanchenko]] was shot down by an S-400 over [[Kyiv]].<ref name=":0b">{{Cite news |date=1 March 2022 |title=Legendary Ukrainian display pilot known as Grey Wolf dies in combat |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2022/03/01/legendary-ukrainian-display-pilot-known-as-grey-wolf-dies-in-combat.html |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=The Week |language=en |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305093829/https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2022/03/01/legendary-ukrainian-display-pilot-known-as-grey-wolf-dies-in-combat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 14 April 2022, the Russian Defence Ministry claimed that a Ukrainian [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8]] was shot down by a S-400 near [[Horodnia]], [[Chernihiv Oblast]] on its way to an air base following [[2022 Western Russia attacks#April|an attack]] on Russian territory near [[Klimovo, Bryansk Oblast|Klimovo]], [[Bryansk Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1438181|title=Russian troops destroy 456 drones, 2,213 tanks in Ukraine special operation — top brass|agency=TASS|date=15 April 2022|access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-pledges-more-strikes-kyiv-after-missile-attack-says-took-mariupol-plant-2022-04-15/|title=Russia pledges more strikes on Kyiv after missile attack|website=Reuters.com|date=15 April 2022|access-date=14 July 2022|archive-date=17 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417063141/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-pledges-more-strikes-kyiv-after-missile-attack-says-took-mariupol-plant-2022-04-15/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2022, Ukraine claimed that a 92N6E radar used in the S-400 SAM system was destroyed in Kherson region.<ref name="Цензор.НЕТ"/>

On 16 October 2023, units from the Ukrainian Special Operations Forces carried out precision strikes targeting two key Russian airbases in Berdiansk and Luhansk destroying S-400 surface-to-air missiles.

On 30 October 2023, Ukraine launched [[MGM-140 ATACMS|ATACMS]] missiles with M39 munition<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2023 |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=Reuters |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115182830/https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref> that destroyed Russia's S-400 surface-to-air missile in Luhansk Oblast.

On 23 August 2023, [[Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)|GRU]] released a video of two alleged elements of an S-400 battery being destroyed in [[Olenivka, Chornomorske Raion|Olenivka]], Crimea, {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} south of Kherson, by a barrage of Ukrainian missiles.<ref>{{Cite web | date=23 August 2023 |title=Ukraine Says Destroyed Russian Missile Defense System in Crimea |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/23/ukraine-says-destroyed-russian-missile-defense-system-in-crimea-a82229 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ISW August 23">{{cite web |last1=Stepanenko |first1=Kateryna |last2=Bailey |first2=Riley |last3=Wolkov |first3=Nicole |last4=Evans |first4=Angelica |last5=Mappes |first5=Grace |last6=Kagan |first6=Frederick W. |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 23, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824050504/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ukrainian forces, according to Ukrainian media, used a [[R-360 Neptune]] and a drone to destroy the missile's radar.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Axe|first1=David|date=25 August 2023|title=To Blow Up Russia's S-400 Battery In Crimea, Ukraine Tweaked Its Cruiser-Sinking Neptune Missile|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/25/to-blow-up-russias-s-400-battery-in-crimea-ukraine-tweaked-its-cruiser-sinking-neptune-missile/?sh=b4b65b357d3d|access-date=26 August 2023|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=25 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925211941/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/25/to-blow-up-russias-s-400-battery-in-crimea-ukraine-tweaked-its-cruiser-sinking-neptune-missile/?sh=b4b65b357d3d|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 2023|title=Neptune anti-ship missile struck Russian S-400 radar in Crimea — report|url=https://news.yahoo.com/neptune-anti-ship-missile-struck-220700426.html|access-date=26 August 2023|website=News Yahoo!|language=en|archive-date=26 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826103009/https://news.yahoo.com/neptune-anti-ship-missile-struck-220700426.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 September 2023, Ukraine claimed to have destroyed a Russian S-400's radar near [[Yevpatoria]], Crimea.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66805897 |title=Russian air defence system destroyed in Crimea, Ukraine says |publisher=BBC |date=14 September 2023 |access-date=14 September 2023 |archive-date=14 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914113727/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66805897 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 October 2023, Ukrainian kamikaze drone destroyed one radar and a missile launcher of S-400 system in Belgorod region.

In late October 2023, Russian sources claimed that the S-400 was used in conjunction with the [[Beriev A-50]] flying radar to shoot at Ukrainian air targets with new warheads of anti-aircraft guided missiles.<ref>{{cite web | last=Satam | first=Parth | title=Russia 'Fuses' S-400 Missiles With A-50 AWACS To Shoot Down Ukrainian Aircraft At Longest Possible Range | website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News | date=26 October 2023 | url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/russia-fuses-s-400-missiles-with-a-50-awacs-to-shoot-down-ukrainian-aircraft-at-longest-possible-range/ | access-date=19 January 2024 | archive-date=19 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119151446/https://www.eurasiantimes.com/russia-fuses-s-400-missiles-with-a-50-awacs-to-shoot-down-ukrainian-aircraft-at-longest-possible-range/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ca.news.yahoo.com">{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Ukraine destroyed a prized $500M+ Russian air-defense system with cruise missiles, reports say |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/ukraine-destroyed-prized-1-2b-131514079.html |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-CA}}</ref>

On 9 November 2023, the [[UK MoD]] intelligence assessment indicated that due to the destruction of "several" Russian S-400s in Ukraine, Russia may have to redeploy S-400 systems from "distant parts" of Russia's borders to Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2023 |title=Russia will need to sacrifice air defense at its own borders to help cover gaps in Ukraine, UK intel says|author= Thibault Spirlet |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-sacrifice-air-defense-s400-triumf-cover-losses-ukraine-uk-2023-11 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine Says It Struck Anti-Missile Defense Radar in Russia |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-25/ukraine-says-it-struck-anti-missile-defense-radar-in-russia |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=bloomberg.com |first1=Kateryna |last1=Chursina |date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623143351/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-25/ukraine-says-it-struck-anti-missile-defense-radar-in-russia |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 19 April 2024, Ukraine launched ATACMS missiles at Russian military airfield in Crimea and destroyed Russia's S-400 launchers, three radars and Fundament-M air surveillance system.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |title=A Storm Of 3,000 Ukrainian Bomblets Blew Up Four Russian Jets At Their Base In Crimea |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/05/17/a-storm-of-3000-ukrainian-bomblets-blew-up-four-russian-jets-at-their-base-in-crimea/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en |date=17 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="newsweek.com">{{Cite web |last1=Security |first1=Ellie Cook |last2=Reporter |first2=Defense |date=26 May 2024 |title=Ukraine's ATACMS wreak havoc deep behind Russia's lines |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-atacms-russia-crimea-luhansk-donetsk-1904797 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref>

On 23 April 2024, Ukraine's Tivaz Artillery Battery launched American-made [[M142 HIMARS|HIMARS]] at Russia's S-400 missile system's 92N2 radar and 96L6 high-altitude radar and destroyed both of the radar system.<ref name="ca.news.yahoo.com"/><ref name="newsweek.com"/>

On 28 April 2024, Ukraine launched multiple ATACMS missiles at Russian based in the occupied Crimean peninsula and destroyed Russian S-400 air defence systems.<ref name="newsweek.com"/>

On 6 May 2024, Ukrainian forces reportedly destroyed a tracked version of Russian S-400 missile launcher in the occupied Zaporizhzhia region.<ref name=":6" />

On 30 May 2024, the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) destroyed a Russian [[Nebo-SVU]] long-range [[Very high frequency|VHF]] surveillance radar system in Crimea.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=SBU drones destroyed Russia's long-range radar in Crimea, sources say |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/sbu-drones-destroyed-russias-long-141957162.html |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US |archive-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601084413/https://www.yahoo.com/news/sbu-drones-destroyed-russias-long-141957162.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Nebo-SVU is a surveillance radar deployed as part of the S-400 missile system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobile standby meter frequency range radar with active solid-state electronic antenna array "Nebo-SVU" {{!}} Catalog Rosoboronexport |url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/air-defence-systems/radar-and-electro-optical-equipment-for-air-target-detection/nebo-svu/ |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=roe.ru}}</ref>

Russians have been reported to use reprogrammed S-400 missiles to launch ballistic ground-to-ground attacks. In one such attack on 13 December 2023 out of 10 missiles fired at Kyiv, all were supposedly downed, but falling debris still caused some damage in residential regions. The missiles were most likely reprogrammed 48N6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russians attack Kyiv with Iskander cruise missiles and S-400 anti-aircraft guided missiles, Ukrainian Armed Forces hold back Russians on front − General Staff |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/12/13/7432833/ |access-date=13 December 2023 |website=Ukrainska Pravda |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213100337/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/12/13/7432833/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is known about the 48N6 ballistic missiles that Russia could have used to hit Kyiv: all the details |url=https://eng.obozrevatel.com/section-war/news-what-is-known-about-the-48n6-ballistic-missiles-that-russia-could-have-used-to-hit-kyiv-all-the-details-13-12-2023.html |access-date=13 December 2023 |website=Obozrevatel |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213114411/https://eng.obozrevatel.com/section-war/news-what-is-known-about-the-48n6-ballistic-missiles-that-russia-could-have-used-to-hit-kyiv-all-the-details-13-12-2023.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 3 June 2024, Ukrainian forces destroyed for the first time an S-400 air defence missile system in Belgorod using a U.S.-supplied M142 HIMARS rocket launcher.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title='US slap' for Russia: HIMARS destroyed S-400 on Russian soil |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2024/06/03/us-slap-for-russia-himars-destroyed-s-400-on-russian-soil/ |access-date=7 June 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607013424/https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2024/06/03/us-slap-for-russia-himars-destroyed-s-400-on-russian-soil/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 10 June 2024, Ukrainian forces struck a Russian antiaircraft missile system, including S-400 missile launchers in the Dzhankoy area in Crimea.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Service |first=RFE/RL's Ukrainian |title=Ukrainian Military Says It Destroyed Russian Antiaircraft Systems In Crimea |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-swiss-peace-summit/32986402.html |access-date=11 June 2024 |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}</ref> According to a Newsweek report, visual confirmation and satellite mapping confirmed that Russia lost fifteen air defence systems in Crimea, including missile launchers, power supply units and radar stations to Ukrainian ATACMS and drone strikes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2024 |title=Crimea map shows all Russian air defense damaged in strikes since April |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-russia-crimea-map-air-defense-strikes-1913763 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=Newsweek |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621023057/https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-russia-crimea-map-air-defense-strikes-1913763 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 2 August 2024, Ukraine struck four Russian S-400 surface-to-air missile systems in Crimea. According to CNN news, four S-400 systems were severely damaged by the Ukrainian attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lendon |first=Radina Gigova, Brad |date=4 August 2024 |title=Russian submarine sunk in Crimean port, Ukraine claims |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/03/europe/ukraine-claims-russian-submarine-sunk-intl-hnk-ml/index.html |access-date=4 August 2024 |publisher=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine claims Russian Rostov-on-Don submarine sunk in Crimea |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4nggvg1yggo |access-date=4 August 2024 |publisher=BBC |date=3 August 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

On 24 November 2024, Ukraine struck one Russian S-400 surface-to-air missile systems in Kursk region. The S-400 missile launchers were targeted by U.S.-made [[ATACMS]] missile.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Security |first1=Ellie Cook |last2=Reporter |first2=Defense |date=24 November 2024 |title=Ukraine strikes advanced Russian air-defense system in Kursk: Kyiv |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-strikes-s400-kursk-russia-north-korea-1990749 |access-date=24 November 2024 |website=Newsweek |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125011550/https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-strikes-s400-kursk-russia-north-korea-1990749 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 27 January 2025, videos emerged of a 96L6E radar of the S-400 reportedly being hit by a Ukrainian HIMARS missile.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRf0cyD9YgI |title=Ukraine hits critical Russian radar in precision strike |date=27 January 2025 |last=world military news |access-date=28 January 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=30 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130015515/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRf0cyD9YgI&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2025 |title=Ukrainian Forces Destroy Key Radar of Russia's S-400 Air Defense System, Video |url=https://united24media.com/latest-news/ukrainian-forces-destroy-key-radar-of-russias-s-400-air-defense-system-video-5393 |access-date=28 January 2025 |website=UNITED24 Media |language=en |archive-date=27 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127161946/https://united24media.com/latest-news/ukrainian-forces-destroy-key-radar-of-russias-s-400-air-defense-system-video-5393 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Belarus===
In 2011 State Secretary of the [[Union State|Union State of Russia and Belarus]] Pavel Borodin stated that Russia will supply the S-400 air defense system to [[Belarus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.km.ru/bsssr/2011/05/24/armiya/rossiya-ustanovit-v-belorussii-raketnye-sistemy-s-400-triumf|title=Россия установит в Белоруссии ракетные системы С-400 "Триумф"|website=km.ru|date=24 May 2011|access-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113406/http://www.km.ru/bsssr/2011/05/24/armiya/rossiya-ustanovit-v-belorussii-raketnye-sistemy-s-400-triumf|archive-date=22 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 December 2021 Belarus President [[Alexander Lukashenko]], in response to a reporter's question, replied that a Belarusian training center already has S-400 systems. The president said: "Yes. We train our guys in this training center. I'd like to ask the president [of Russia] to leave this system here."<ref name="Belarusian Telegraph Agency (Belta)"/>

===China===
In March 2014, it was announced that Russian President Vladimir Putin had given authorization to sell the S-400 system to [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keck |first=Zachary |title=Putin Approves Sale of S-400 to China |url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/04/putin-approves-sale-of-s-400-to-china/ |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608182953/https://thediplomat.com/2014/04/putin-approves-sale-of-s-400-to-china/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 13 April 2015, the chief executive of the Russian state-run arms trader [[Rosoboronexport]] confirmed that China secured a contract for the purchase of the S-400 air defense system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ntv.ru/novosti/1392638/|title=Китай закупил у России зенитную ракетную систему С-400|language=ru|trans-title=China has purchased Russian anti-aircraft missile system S-400|work=NTV.ru|date=13 April 2015|access-date=26 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127061037/http://www.ntv.ru/novosti/1392638/|archive-date=27 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Delivery of the system began in January 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/77157/russia-begins-delivering-s-400-air-defence-systems-to-china-says-report |title=Russia begins delivering S-400 air defence systems to China, says report |first=Gabriel |last=Dominguez |date=18 January 2018 |quote=Russia has begun delivering the Almaz-Antei S-400 Triumf self-propelled surface-to-air missile (SAM) system to China under the terms of a contract signed in 2014, TASS news agency cited an unnamed source close to the Russian military-industrial complex as saying on 18 January. |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |access-date=19 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120013933/http://www.janes.com/article/77157/russia-begins-delivering-s-400-air-defence-systems-to-china-says-report |archive-date=20 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> China test fired Russian S-400 systems for the first time in early August 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tass.com/defense/1015016 |title=China to test fire Russian S-400 systems for first time in late July-early August – source |date=27 July 2018 |quote=China plans to carry out the first-time test firing of Russia's S-400 Triumf missile defense systems in the end of July or in early August, a military and diplomatic source told TASS. |agency=[[TASS]] |access-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224024341/http://tass.com/defense/1015016 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-successfully-tests-russias-s-400-missile-air-defence-system/articleshow/67267551.cms|title=China successfully tests Russia's S-400 missile air defence system|date=27 December 2018|work=The Economic Times|access-date=10 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504141454/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-successfully-tests-russias-s-400-missile-air-defence-system/articleshow/67267551.cms|archive-date=4 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Deliveries were reportedly postponed after the delivery of two S-400 units.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/in-another-setback-to-china-russia-suspends-deliveries-of-s-400-surface-to-air-missiles/articleshow/77189681.cms|title=In another setback to China, Russia suspends deliveries of S-400 surface-to-air missiles|date=27 July 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702104233/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/in-another-setback-to-china-russia-suspends-deliveries-of-s-400-surface-to-air-missiles/articleshow/77189681.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The acquisition of S-400, reported to initially consist of six batteries, improves China's air space defense. A reported {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} coverage range would allow China's defense to cover all of the Taiwan Straits and the [[Diaoyu Islands]]. Taiwan plans countermeasures using [[signals intelligence]] units to locate and destroy S-400 systems before they can be used.<ref>{{cite news |title=China's Checkmate: S-400 Looms Large Over Taiwan |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2014/12/06/chinas-checkmate-s-400-looms-large-over-taiwan/ |access-date=25 July 2021 |work=Defense News |date=6 December 2014}}</ref>

===Turkey===
In late 2017 Turkish and Russian officials signed a US$2.5&nbsp;billion agreement for delivery of the S-400 air defense system to [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-turkey-missiles/turkey-russia-sign-deal-on-supply-of-s-400-missiles-idUSKBN1EN0T5|title=Turkey, Russia sign deal on supply of S-400 missiles|last=Gumrukcu|first=Tuvan|work=U.S.|access-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628201850/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-turkey-missiles/turkey-russia-sign-deal-on-supply-of-s-400-missiles-idUSKBN1EN0T5|archive-date=28 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41237812|title=Turkey signs deal to get Russian S-400 air defence missiles|publisher=BBC|date=12 September 2017|access-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409210440/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41237812|archive-date=9 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The US Secretary of State raised concerns over the deal,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-foreign-usa-turkey/pompeo-presses-turkey-on-s-400-missiles-purchase-from-russia-idUSKBN1HY2A6|title=Pompeo presses Turkey on S-400 missiles purchase from Russia |work=Reuters |access-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629050056/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-foreign-usa-turkey/pompeo-presses-turkey-on-s-400-missiles-purchase-from-russia-idUSKBN1HY2A6|archive-date=29 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> which were rebuffed by President Erdogan and other Turkish officials, citing the US refusal to sell the upgraded [[MIM-104 Patriot]] to Turkey, considered to be an important American ally by the US. Turkey received its first installment of the Russian S-400 missile defense system on 12 July 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theindependent.in/us-warns-of-sanctions-as-turkey-gets-russian-missiles/|title=US warns of sanctions as Turkey gets Russian S400|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713154839/http://theindependent.in/us-warns-of-sanctions-as-turkey-gets-russian-missiles/|archive-date=13 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 July 2019, Turkey was suspended from the [[F-35]] program, the US stating "F-35 cannot coexist with a Russian intelligence collection platform that will be used to learn about its advanced capabilities"<ref>{{cite news |title=US removes Turkey from F-35 fighter jet programme |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49023115 |access-date=18 July 2019 |publisher=BBC |date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717204727/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49023115 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and on 14 December 2020, the US imposed [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act|CAATSA sanctions]] on Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 December 2020|title=The United States Sanctions Turkey Under CAATSA 231|url=https://gr.usembassy.gov/the-united-states-sanctions-turkey-under-caatsa-231/|access-date=5 December 2021|website=U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Greece|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205203339/https://gr.usembassy.gov/the-united-states-sanctions-turkey-under-caatsa-231/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2020, 4 batteries consisting of 36 fire units and 192 or more missiles were delivered to Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diken.com.tr/s-400leri-beklerken-kac-tane-aliyoruz-maliyeti-ne/|title=S-400'leri beklerken: Kaç tane alıyoruz, maliyeti ne?|date=29 June 2019|website=Diken|access-date=27 January 2020|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125112210/http://www.diken.com.tr/s-400leri-beklerken-kac-tane-aliyoruz-maliyeti-ne/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===India ===

==== Contract ====
A deal to purchase S-400 systems by India was first reported in October 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |title=India to go ahead with S-400 Triumf deal with Russia notwithstanding US sanctions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-go-ahead-with-s-400-triumf-deal-with-russia-notwithstanding-us-sanctions/articleshow/64466219.cms |access-date=6 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On 15 October 2016, during the [[BRICS]] Summit, India and Russia signed an Inter-governmental Agreement (IGA) for the supply of five S-400 regiments to [[India]].<ref name="etS400">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russia-preparing-to-supply-s-400-missile-systems-to-india-dmitry-rogozin/articleshow/58959022.cms |title=Russia preparing to supply S-400 missile systems to India: Dmitry Rogozin |date=2 June 2017 |access-date=2 June 2017 |work=news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605220417/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russia-preparing-to-supply-s-400-missile-systems-to-india-dmitry-rogozin/articleshow/58959022.cms |archive-date=5 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 July 2018, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by the then [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]] [[Nirmala Sitharaman]], cleared the procurement. The deliveries were expected to commence within 24 months after contract signing (October 2020) while they would complete all deliveries within 60 months (April 2023).<ref>{{Cite news |title=India moves towards acquiring Russian S-400 missile systems despite US opposition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-moves-towards-acquiring-russian-s-400-missile-systems-despite-us-opposition/articleshow/64810964.cms |access-date=6 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408021705/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-moves-towards-acquiring-russian-s-400-missile-systems-despite-us-opposition/articleshow/64810964.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bedi |first1=Rahul |date=3 January 2019 |title=India to begin inducting S-400 air-defence systems from October 2020 |url=https://www.janes.com/article/85506/india-to-begin-inducting-s-400-air-defence-systems-from-october-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103161019/https://www.janes.com/article/85506/india-to-begin-inducting-s-400-air-defence-systems-from-october-2020 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=3 January 2019 |website=Jane's 360 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> On 26 September 2018, the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS), headed by the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] further cleared the acquisition.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |last1=Bedi |first1=Rahul |date=1 October 2018 |title=India's CCS clears procurement of five S-400 air-defence missile systems |url=https://www.janes.com/article/83477/india-s-ccs-clears-procurement-of-five-s-400-air-defence-missile-systems |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181006134329/https://www.janes.com/article/83477/india-s-ccs-clears-procurement-of-five-s-400-air-defence-missile-systems |archive-date=6 October 2018 |access-date=6 October 2018 |website=IHS Jane's 360 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> The US$5.43&nbsp;billion deal (₹40,000&nbsp;crore) was formally signed on 5 October 2018, ignoring the threat of US sanctions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=India signs $5.43&nbsp;billion S-400 missile deal with Russia |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-russia-sign-543-billion-s-400-missile-deal/article25132142.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181006134334/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-russia-sign-543-billion-s-400-missile-deal/article25132142.ece |archive-date=6 October 2018 |location=New Delhi |date=5 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India inks $5.43&nbsp;billion deal to buy S-400 Triumf missiles from Russia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-inks-5-43-billion-deal-to-buy-s-400-triumf-missiles-from-russia/articleshow/66083773.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181006134515/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-inks-5-43-billion-deal-to-buy-s-400-triumf-missiles-from-russia/articleshow/66083773.cms |archive-date=6 October 2018 |location=New Delhi |date=5 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Lloyd Austin]] discussed India's planned purchase of Russia's S-400 air missile system and warned that the purchase of S-400 could trigger [[CAATSA]] sanctions.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |title=U.S. defense secretary urges India to avoid buying Russian equipment |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-asia-austin-india-idUSKBN2BC06O |work=Reuters |date=20 March 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413125305/https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-asia-austin-india-idUSKBN2BC06O |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Delivery and deployment ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Regiment Name
!Received on
!Deployed at
!Source
|-
|First regiment
|December 2021
|Along the [[Line of Control]] (LoC) in [[Pathankot district|Pathankot region]] to protect [[Punjab]]-[[Jammu & Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] sector
|<ref name="First S400">{{cite web |author=ANI |date=21 December 2021 |title=India deploys first S-400 air defence system in Punjab sector, to take care of aerial threats from China, Pakistan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-deploys-first-s-400-air-defence-system-in-punjab-sector-to-take-care-of-aerial-threats-from-both-china-pakistan/articleshow/88397852.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226190147/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-deploys-first-s-400-air-defence-system-in-punjab-sector-to-take-care-of-aerial-threats-from-both-china-pakistan/articleshow/88397852.cms |archive-date=26 December 2021 |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>
|-
|Training regiment
|April 2022
|Received simulators and other equipment for a training regiment
|<ref name="Second_S-400">{{cite web |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=15 April 2022 |title=Amid Ukraine War, Russia Starts Delivery Of Second S-400 Missile System To India |url=https://www.india.com/news/world/amid-ukraine-war-russia-starts-delivery-of-second-s-400-missile-system-to-india-5339502/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416161341/https://www.india.com/news/world/amid-ukraine-war-russia-starts-delivery-of-second-s-400-missile-system-to-india-5339502/ |archive-date=16 April 2022 |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=india.com }}</ref>
|-
|Second regiment
|July 2022
|Along the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) in [[Sikkim]] sector.
|<ref name=":9" />
|-
|Third regiment
|February 2023
|[[Rajasthan]]-[[Gujarat]] sector
|<ref name="Late_delivery_Third_S400">{{cite web |last=Bali |first=Pawan |date=10 October 2022 |title=India will get 3rd squadron of S-400 by November |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/101022/india-will-get-3rd-squadron-of-s-400-by-november.html |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=Deccan Chronicle |archive-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214222400/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/101022/india-will-get-3rd-squadron-of-s-400-by-november.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Third_S-400">{{cite web |author=Huma Siddiqui |date=28 February 2023 |title=Russia delivers the 3rd regiment of S-400 'Triumf' to India |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/russia-delivers-the-3rd-regiment-of-s-400-triumf-to-india/2995578/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228235019/https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/russia-delivers-the-3rd-regiment-of-s-400-triumf-to-india/2995578/ |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=The Financial Express}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
|}
Delivery of the remaining two systems are likely to be dependent on the resolution of issues such as insurance and establishment of mechanism for balance payments which are delayed due to sanctions on Russia following the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. Delivery expectations were later revised to August 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia To Deliver Last Two Squadrons Of S-400 Air Defence Missiles By 2026 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/russia-to-deliver-last-two-squadrons-of-s-400-air-defence-missiles-by-2026-2732537.html |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=20 March 2024 |title=Russia to deliver last two squadrons of S-400 air defence missiles by 2026 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/russia-to-deliver-last-two-squadrons-of-s-400-air-defence-missiles-by-202620240320192200/ |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=ANI News |archive-date=20 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320140216/https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/russia-to-deliver-last-two-squadrons-of-s-400-air-defence-missiles-by-202620240320192200/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |title=Russia to deliver last two squadrons of S-400 air defence missiles by 2026 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russia-to-deliver-last-two-squadrons-of-s-400-air-defence-missiles-by-2026/articleshow/108655064.cms |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |date=20 March 2024 |archive-date=11 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411140757/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russia-to-deliver-last-two-squadrons-of-s-400-air-defence-missiles-by-2026/articleshow/108655064.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2025, it was reported that in the fourth regiment is to be delivered by the end of the year while the last regiment would be delivered by 2026,<ref name=":12" /> later revised to February and August 2026.<ref>https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/india-to-bolster-air-defense-might-with-final-s-400-deliveries-from-russia-in-2026-sources/ar-AA1FPfcz?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=ce7dd114480743a7d2eef9c9d67976ee&ei=59</ref>

==== Organisation ====
The S-400 system is named Sudarshan Chakra in Indian service, after [[Sudarshana Chakra|''Sudarshan Chakra'']]<ref name=":10" /> and is unified with the [[IACCS|Integrated Air Command and Control System]] (IACCS). Each battalion is composed of two batteries. Each battery (or firing unit) is equipped with 6 launchers, a radar and a control center with 128 missiles. A battalion has a total of 16 vehicles. India bought a total of 60 launchers with around 6,000 missiles including 9M96E2 (120&nbsp;km), 48N6E2 (200&nbsp;km), 48N6E3 (240&nbsp;km) and 40N6E (380&nbsp;km).<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |title=India to deploy 2nd S-400 squadron at China front as PLA jets buzz near LAC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-deploy-2nd-s-400-squadron-at-china-front-as-pla-jets-buzz-near-lac/articleshow/93096672.cms |access-date=6 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304005537/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-deploy-2nd-s-400-squadron-at-china-front-as-pla-jets-buzz-near-lac/articleshow/93096672.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=India to receive 4th squadron of Russian S-400 air defence system by year-end |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-to-receive-4th-squadron-of-russian-made-s-400-air-defence-system-by-year-end-2675492-2025-02-06 |access-date=6 February 2025 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211014257/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-to-receive-4th-squadron-of-russian-made-s-400-air-defence-system-by-year-end-2675492-2025-02-06 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":11" />

==== Service history ====
In July 2024, during an air defence exercise of the Indian Air Force, the S-400 system 'shot down' 80% of the 'aggressor aircraft'. Some Indian jets were used as aggressor jets which were tracked, targeted and [[Radar lock-on|locked on]] by the S-400 system.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=S-400 air defence system 'shot down' 80% of entire 'enemy' package in exercise |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-air-force-iaf-s-400-air-defence-system-military-exercise-russia-2572492-2024-07-27 |access-date=27 July 2024 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=27 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727152800/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-air-force-iaf-s-400-air-defence-system-military-exercise-russia-2572492-2024-07-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=IAF's Sudarshan S-400 'shot down' 80% of enemy aircraft in exercise |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/iafs-sudarshan-s-400-shot-down-80-of-enemy-aircraft-in-exercise-13797669.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>

====2025 – Pakistan====
{{main|2025 India–Pakistan conflict}}

During the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict, the Pakistan Air Force claimed it had targeted and destroyed components of India's S‑400 Triumf air defence system deployed at Adampur Air Force Station.<ref>{{cite news |title= Pakistan destroys India's S-400 air defence system in Adampur|url=https://www.tribune.com.pk/story/2545068/pakistan-destroys-indias-s-400-air-defence-system-in-adampur%3famp=1|work=The Express Tribune|date=10 May 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>
The Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) however rejected Pakistan's claim of damage to S-400 defence system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan's claim of destroying India's S-400 missile systems false: Indian military|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pakistans-claim-of-destroying-indias-s-400-missile-systems-false-indian-military/article69560019.ece|access-date=10 May 2025 |website=The Hindu|date=10 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MEA rejects Pakistan's claim of damage to S-400 defence system: 'Malicious misinformation campaign'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-rejects-pakistans-claim-of-damage-to-s-400-defence-system-malicious-misinformation-campaign-101746855611996.html|access-date=10 May 2025 |website=Hindustan Times|date=10 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No strike on S-400, airfields or airports; attack on Nankana Sahib: India busts Pakistan's fake machine with facts and firepower|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/operation-sindoor-no-strike-on-s-400-airfields-or-airports-attack-on-nankana-sahib-india-busts-pakistans-fake-machine-with-facts-and-firepower-475713-2025-05-10|access-date=10 May 2025 |website=Business Today|date=10 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fact-check: No, Pakistan didn't capture woman IAF pilot or destroy S-400 defence system|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/fake-news-social-media-pakistan-india-tensions-operation-sindoor-13887234.html|access-date=10 May 2025 |website=First Post|date=10 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Defence officials bust fake claims of damage to S400 defence system|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/defence-officials-bust-fake-claims-of-damage-to-s400-defence-system20250510093732/|access-date=10 May 2025 |website=ANI|language=en}}</ref>

Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited the Adampur Air Force Station in Punjab on 13 May 2025, and posed in front of an S-400 system that appeared visually undamaged.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title=PM Modi poses in front of S-400 missile system at Adampur Air Base days after Pakistan claimed it was destroyed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-poses-in-front-of-s-400-missile-system-at-adampur-air-base-days-after-pakistan-claimed-it-was-destroyed/articleshow/121134748.cms |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title=Modi fact-checks Pakistan, visits Adampur, releases video & photo with S-400 in background|url=https://theprint.in/defence/modi-fact-checks-pakistan-visits-adampur-releases-video-photo-with-s-400-in-background/2624167/|access-date=13 May 2025 |work=The Print|language=en}}</ref>

On 10 May 2025, it was claimed by several media outlets that an IAF S‑400 system intercepted and destroyed a PAF AWACS aircraft approximately 314 km inside Pakistani airspace. However, this has not been officially confirmed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 2025 |title=S-400 Missile System Success India: Indian S-400 Air Defense System Shoots Down Pakistani AWACS Aircraft at 314 KM Range Amidst Escalating India-Pakistan Conflict|url=https://theasialive.com/s-400-missile-system-success-india-indian-s-400-air-defense-system-shoots-down-pakistani-awacs-aircraft-at-314-km-range-amidst-escalating-india-pakistan-conflict/2025/05/25/|access-date=28 May 2025 |work=The Asia Live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2025 |title=IAF missiles shot down JF-17 Thunder, AWACS flying 300 km inside Pakistan, two F-16s, and a C-130J during Operation Sindoor: Report|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/iaf-missiles-shot-down-jf-17-thunder-awacs-flying-300-km-inside-pakistan-two-f-16s-and-a-c-130j-during-operation-sindoor-report/articleshow/121375713.cms?from=mdr|access-date=28 May 2025 |work=The Economic Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2025|title=India Shoots Down Pakistani AWACS: What Are These 'Eyes in the Sky'|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/india-shoots-down-pakistani-awacs-what-are-these-eyes-in-the-sky-article-151595176|access-date=12 June 2025|work=Times Now|language=en}}</ref>

==Foreign interest==
===Saudi Arabia===
In September 2009 the S-400 was reportedly part of a US$2&nbsp;billion arms deal between Russia and [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{cite web|date=1 September 2009|title=Saudi Arabia to buy Russian tanks and helicopters in $2&nbsp;billion weapons deal|url=http://www.defpro.com/daily/details/390|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216013057/http://www.defpro.com/daily/details/390|archive-date=16 December 2009}}</ref> The Saudis wanted to acquire the S-400, but Russia was only willing to sell S-300 air defense system at the time.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 March 2010|title=Riyadh mulls big Russian missile buy|url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2010/03/22/Riyadh-mulls-big-Russian-missile-buy/93111269283852/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034823/https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2010/03/22/Riyadh-mulls-big-Russian-missile-buy/93111269283852/|archive-date=14 October 2017|access-date=29 April 2019|work=United Press International}}</ref> By November 2019 the deal had still not been finalized.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 November 2019|title=Saudi Arabia warms to idea of purchasing S-400s from Russia| url=https://www.trtworld.com/middle-east/saudi-arabia-warms-to-idea-of-purchasing-s-400s-from-russia-31098/|access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> Saudi Arabia is no longer considering the Russian S-400 air defense system, following the kingdom's deal for an American alternative. The American [[Terminal High Altitude Area Defense]] (THAAD) system has been cleared for sale to the Saudis by the [[U.S. State Department]]. The sale of the THAAD package sold to Saudi Arabia is estimated at $15 billion in 2017 dollars.<ref>{{cite web|date=16 November 2021|title=Saudi Arabia has no interest in the S-400, says Russian industry official|url=https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/dubai-air-show/2021/11/16/saudi-arabia-has-no-interest-in-the-s-400-says-russian-industry-official/|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref>

===Iran===
In June 2019 some Iranian officials expressed interest in procuring the S-400 missile system to further improve its defense capabilities along with the previously purchased [[S-300 missile system|S-300PMU2]]. Russia stated at the time it was ready to sell the S-400 system to Iran if an official request was made.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} In November 2024, Davood Sheikhian, deputy for operations of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force|IRGC Aerospace Force]], stated that Iran never requested the S-400 systems, and that Iran's current capabilities were far superior to them, additionally stating that Iran is actively using the S-300.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2024 |title=Iran dismisses need for Russia's S-400, touts domestic missile strength |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202411171565 |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=iranintl.com |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208133832/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202411171565 |url-status=live }}</ref> This is in contradiction both to reports from Iran's media outlets addressing its attempts to acquire the S-400, and to other reports of the disabling of all active S-300 systems belonging to Iran during [[October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran|Israeli airstrikes]].<ref name=":8" />

===Egypt===
In February 2017 [[Sergey Chemezov]], CEO of [[Rostec]], stated that Egypt was interested in the S-400 air defense system. He explained that Russia offered to sell Egypt either the [[S-300VM missile system|Antey-2500]] or S-400. According to Chemezov, the negotiations were delayed due to Egypt's financial issues.<ref name="newsru.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsru.com/finance/20feb2017/idex2017_c400.html|title=Россия ведет с Турцией и Египтом переговоры по продаже С-400|website=NEWSru|date=20 February 2017|access-date=29 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222112213/https://www.newsru.com/finance/20feb2017/idex2017_c400.html|archive-date=22 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Iraq===
In February 2018 [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)|Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs]] [[Ibrahim al-Jaafari]] confirmed ongoing rumors that his country had shown interest in the S-400 and that negotiations with Russia were underway.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/991466|title=Iraq needs S-400 air defense systems to defend against air attacks — MP|agency=[[TASS]]|date=24 February 2018|access-date=6 August 2019|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805233052/https://tass.com/world/991466|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Binnie|first1=Jeremy|title=Iraqi foreign minister confirms interest in S-400|url=http://www.janes.com/article/78273/iraqi-foreign-minister-confirms-interest-in-s-400|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301180141/http://www.janes.com/article/78273/iraqi-foreign-minister-confirms-interest-in-s-400|archive-date=1 March 2018|location=London|date=1 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Rogoway|first1=Tyler|title=Iraq Looking To Buy Russia's S-400 Air Defense System: Report|url=http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/18830/iraq-looking-to-buy-russias-s-400-air-defense-system-report|website=The Drive|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227050036/http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/18830/iraq-looking-to-buy-russias-s-400-air-defense-system-report|archive-date=27 February 2018|date=26 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019 Iraq's ambassador to Russia, Haidar Mandour Hadi, said the Iraqi government had decided to procure the S-400 air defense system.<ref name="Iraqi decision">{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1058382|title=Iraq to purchase Russia's S-400 missile systems|agency=[[TASS]]|date=15 May 2019|access-date=6 August 2019|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805233053/https://tass.com/defense/1058382|url-status=live}}</ref>

===United States===
In June 2020 [[United States]] senator [[John Thune]] proposed an amendment to the (ultimately unsuccessful) Senate version of the 2021 [[National Defense Authorization Act]] to allow the [[US Department of Defense]] to purchase Turkey's S-400 system with funds from the [[U.S. Army]]'s missile procurement account,<ref name="USCongress1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/amendment/116th-congress/senate-amendment/2164|title=S.Amdt.2164 to S.4049|access-date=18 December 2022|archive-date=2 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902214039/https://www.congress.gov/amendment/116th-congress/senate-amendment/2164|url-status=live}}</ref> thus negating Turkey's contravention of the CAATSA sanctions.<ref name="2020-06-29_DN">{{citation|url=https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/06/29/us-could-buy-turkeys-russia-made-s-400-under-senate-proposal/|title=US could buy Turkey's Russian-made S-400 under Senate proposal|author1-first=Joe|author1-last=Gould|website=[[Defense News]] website|date=29 June 2020|quote=Senate Majority Whip John Thune, R-S.D., has proposed an amendment to the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act that would allow the purchase to be made using the U.S. Army's missile procurement account. The move comes a year after the U.S. expelled NATO ally Turkey from the multinational F-35 program because it received the S-400 in a $2.5 billion deal.|language=en-US|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> This was an attempt to allow Turkey to re-enter the [[F-35 Lightning II]] acquisition and ownership program.<ref name="2020-06-29_DN" />

===Serbia===
Serbia has also expressed interest in the system.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 November 2019|title=Serbia and S400|url=https://tass.com/defense/1087242|agency=TASS|access-date=2 December 2021|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202073819/https://tass.com/defense/1087242|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 March 2020|title=Why China wants Russian S-400 missile defence system?|url=https://internationalinsider.org/why-china-wants-russian-s-400-missile-defence-system/|website=International Insider|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-date=9 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209200133/https://internationalinsider.org/why-china-wants-russian-s-400-missile-defence-system/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Foreign variant ==

===South Korea===
South Korea is developing the [[KM-SAM]], a medium-range SAM system based on technology from the 9M96 missile, with assistance from [[NPO Almaz]]. The prime contractor is [[Hanwha Group]] (formerly Samsung-Thales, a defunct [[joint venture]] between South Korea's [[Samsung]] and France's [[Thales Group|Thales]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=대한민국 방위산업의 미래를 지키는 기업 Hanwha Thales|url=http://eng.samsungthales.com/Company/?Pcode=eng010601&SubNum=6&wBoard=25,2,1,1,1426,0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712011413/http://eng.samsungthales.com/Company/?Pcode=eng010601&SubNum=6&wBoard=25,2,1,1,1426,0|archive-date=12 July 2007|access-date=2 May 2007|website=samsungthales.com}}</ref> The KM-SAM will consist of an [[X-band]] multifunction radar vehicle built by Hanwha in technical cooperation with Almaz,<ref>{{cite web|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Missiles-And-Rockets-2007/Samsung-Thales-begins-M-SAM-radar-production.html|access-date=29 October 2013|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]}}</ref> with [[Fire-control system|fire control]] and [[Transporter erector launcher|TEL]] vehicles built by [[Doosan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Doosan Corporation Mottrol: Defence Weapon|url=http://www.doosan.com/doosanmottrol/en/products/defence/protection.page|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205175726/http://www.doosan.com/doosanmottrol/en/products/defence/protection.page|archive-date=5 December 2009|access-date=29 October 2013|publisher=Doosan.com}}</ref>  Missiles will be provided by [[LIG Nex1]].<ref>{{cite web|title=True Dream Partner – LIG Nex1|url=http://www.lignex1.com:8001/eng/business/business02_03_04.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713210309/http://www.lignex1.com:8001/eng/business/business02_03_04.jsp|archive-date=13 July 2011|access-date=29 October 2013|publisher=Lignex1.com:8001}}</ref>

==Operators==
<section begin=authmap/>{{Graph:Map|scale=75|defaultValue=gainsboro
|BY=blue
|DZ=blue
|CN=blue
|IN=blue
|RU=blue
|TR=blue
|SRB=lightblue
|IRN=lightblue
}}
{{legend|blue|Current operators: Algeria,<ref name="avia-pro.fr">https://avia-pro.fr/news/alzhir-poluchil-pervye-rossiyskie-s-400-stav-chetvyortoy-stranoy-v-mire-prinyavshey-eti-zrk-na{{cite web|url=https://avia-pro.fr/news/alzhir-poluchil-pervye-rossiyskie-s-400-stav-chetvyortoy-stranoy-v-mire-prinyavshey-eti-zrk-na|title=L'Algérie a reçu les premiers S-400 russes, devenant ainsi le quatrième pays au monde à adopter ces systèmes de défense aérienne.|date=23 September 2021|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref> Belarus,<ref name="Belarusian Telegraph Agency (Belta)">{{cite web|url=https://eng.belta.by/president/view/lukashenko-a-belarusian-training-center-already-has-s-400-systems-145763-2021/|title=Lukashenko: A Belarusian training center already has S-400 systems|date=December 2021|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203143634/https://eng.belta.by/president/view/lukashenko-a-belarusian-training-center-already-has-s-400-systems-145763-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref> China,<ref name="janes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news|title=Janes &#124; Latest defence and security news|website=Janes.com|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=6 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906153101/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/|url-status=live}}</ref> Turkey<ref name="veryansintv.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.veryansintv.com/s-400-tartismalari-ve-son-gelismeler|title=S-400 tartışmaları ve son gelişmeler|date=26 August 2019|website=VeryansınTV|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128155654/https://www.veryansintv.com/s-400-tartismalari-ve-son-gelismeler|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

===Current operators===
;{{ALG}}
* [[Territorial Air Defence Forces|Algerian Territorial Air Defence Forces]] – First S-400 units delivered in September 2021.<ref name="avia-pro.fr"/>{{better source needed|date=May 2024}}
;{{BLR}}
* [[Belarusian Air Force]] – Contract signed in May 2022 and executed in December.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1220/101570883/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / Александр Лукашенко: в Белоруссии поставлены на боевое дежурство ЗРС С-400 и ОТРК "Искандер" | access-date=21 December 2022 | archive-date=23 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523205515/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1220/101570883/detail.shtml | url-status=live }}</ref>
;{{CHN}}
* [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] – Contract signed in September 2014, deliveries of units began in January 2018, and are being introduced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/77157/|title=Russia begins delivering S-400 air defence systems to China, says report|date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180119210820/http://www.janes.com/article/77157/russia-begins-delivering-s-400-air-defence-systems-to-china-says-report|archive-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="janes.com"/>
;{{IND}}
* [[Indian Air Force]] – A contract was signed in October 2018 during an official meeting between Russia's President [[Vladimir Putin]] and India's Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in New Delhi. The deal, worth of $US5.43 billion, includes delivery of the 1st regiment of the S-400 beginning November 2021. India  deployed the 1st regiment of the S-400 in April 2022. 3 regiments delivered, with 2 more to join by August 2026.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />
;{{RUS}}
* [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]
** [[Western Military District]]
*** 3 battalions of the 210th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Dmitrov]]<ref>{{cite web|title = В Подмосковье заступает на боевое дежурство второй полк ЗРС С-400 "Триумф"|url = http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=452310&cid=7|website = vesti.ru|access-date = 3 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150218095746/http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=452310&cid=7|archive-date = 18 February 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="ng">{{cite web|author=Беларусь|url=http://ng.by/ru/issues?art_id=54579|title=210-й зенитно-ракетный полк ВВС и ПВО России, дислоцированный около поселка Морозки Дмитровского района Московской области, получил на вооружение два дивизиона новейшей зенитно-ракетной системы С-400. / Союзное вече / Приложения / Народная газета|publisher=Ng.by|access-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229113951/http://ng.by/ru/issues?art_id=54579|archive-date=29 December 2011}}</ref>
*** 3 battalions of the 606th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Elektrostal]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Бойцы ПВО показали, как работает новый ЗРК С-400 "Триумф"|url = http://ria.ru/video/20100411/220727195.html|website = РИА Новости|date = 11 April 2010|access-date = 3 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151225121010/http://ria.ru/video/20100411/220727195.html|archive-date = 25 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Еще пять дивизионов новейших систем ПВО С-400 могут поступить в ВВС в будущем году|url = http://www.interfax.ru/russia/111889|website = Interfax.ru| date=26 November 2009 |access-date = 3 December 2015|language = ru-RU|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208123101/http://www.interfax.ru/russia/111889|archive-date = 8 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 93rd Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Zvenigorod]]<ref>{{cite web|title = BBC Russian – Россия – Минобороны: три полка С-400 защитят Москву к концу года|date = 22 July 2011|url = http://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2011/07/110722_moscow_air_defence|publisher = BBC|access-date = 3 December 2015|language = ru|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151225121021/http://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2011/07/110722_moscow_air_defence|archive-date = 25 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 549th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Podolsk]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Оборону Москвы усилили четвертым полком С-400|url = http://www.tvc.ru/news/show/id/55553|website = ТВ Центр – Официальный сайт телекомпании|access-date = 3 December 2015|language = ru-RU|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151225121034/http://www.tvc.ru/news/show/id/55553|archive-date = 25 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 584th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Zelenograd]]<ref name="function.mil.ru">{{cite web|url=http://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12092722@egNews|title=Зенитчики ЮВО приняли на вооружение новую зенитную ракетную систему С-400 "Триумф": Министерство обороны Российской Федерации|website=function.mil.ru|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816222512/http://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12092722@egNews|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 500th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Gostilitsy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interfax.ru/russia/481385|title=Новые комплексы С-400 "Триумф" поступили на вооружение ЗВО|date=25 November 2015|website=Interfax.ru|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125143845/http://www.interfax.ru/russia/481385|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the [[1488th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment]], [[Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg|Zelenogorsk]]<ref name="function.mil.ru"/>
*** 2 battalions of the 1544th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Luga, Leningrad Oblast|Luga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rossaprimavera.ru/news/25881929|title=Лужский дивизион ПВО в Ленобласти перевооружен на С-400 "Триумф"|website=rossaprimavera.ru|date=19 December 2018|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505211447/https://rossaprimavera.ru/news/25881929|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 183rd Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Kaliningrad]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Первый комплекс С-400 развернут в Калининградской области|url = http://www.rg.ru/2012/01/13/reg-szfo/s-400-anons.html|website = Российская газета| date=13 January 2012 |access-date = 3 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155554/http://www.rg.ru/2012/01/13/reg-szfo/s-400-anons.html|archive-date = 8 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 1545th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Kaliningrad Oblast]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20190315/1551821192.html|title=В Калининградской области развернули батареи С-400 "Триумф"|agency=RIA Novosti|date=15 March 2019|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=17 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317234330/https://ria.ru/20190315/1551821192.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Eastern Military District]]
*** 2 battalions of the 589th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Nakhodka]]<ref>{{cite web|title = В Находке заступил на боевое дежурство четвертый полк С-400 "Триумф"|url = http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/archive/v-nahodke-zastupil-na-boevoe-dezhurstvo-chetvertyy-polk-s-400-triumf-18-08-2012-10-11-00/|website = arms-expo.ru|access-date = 3 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151225121025/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/archive/v-nahodke-zastupil-na-boevoe-dezhurstvo-chetvertyy-polk-s-400-triumf-18-08-2012-10-11-00/|archive-date = 25 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
*** 3 battalions of the 1532nd Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150420/1059699455.html|title=Партия зенитной ракетной системы С-400 прибыла на Камчатку|website=РИА Новости|date=20 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420223800/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150420/1059699455.html|archive-date=20 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 1533th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Vladivostok]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Военные во Владивостоке начали осваивать С-400 "Триумф"|url = http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20151125/1327872970.html|website = РИА Новости|date = 25 November 2015|access-date = 3 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151203031429/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20151125/1327872970.html|archive-date = 3 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 1530th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Khabarovsk]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvnovosti.ru/khab/2018/10/18/89778/|title=Зенитные комплексы С-400 прикрыли дальневосточное небо|website=dvnovosti.ru|date=18 October 2018|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181658/https://www.dvnovosti.ru/khab/2018/10/18/89778/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 1724th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/751913|title=Новый дивизион ПВО С-400 заступит на боевое дежурство на Сахалине|language=ru|website=«[[Интерфакс]]»|date=20 February 2021|access-date=16 March 2021|archive-date=26 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326170551/https://www.interfax.ru/russia/751913|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Southern Military District]]
*** 2 battalions of the 1537th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Novorossiysk]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201212221329-i9ct.htm |title=Зенитно-ракетный полк ЮВО ВВС России получил на вооружение комплекс С-400 "Триумф" – Телеканал "Звезда" |publisher=Tvzvezda.ru |date=2 January 2011 |access-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219182410/http://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201212221329-i9ct.htm |archive-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 18th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Feodosia]], [[Crimea]]<ref name="function.mil.ru"/>
*** 2 battalions of the 12th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Sevastopol]], Crimea
** [[Central Military District]]
*** 2 battalions of the 511th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Engels, Saratov Oblast|Engels]]<ref name="ria.ru1">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20171222/1511484829.html|title=Новые С-400 прибыли на место дислокации в Саратовскую область|date=22 December 2017|access-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222154154/https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20171222/1511484829.html|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** 1 battalion of the 507th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Saratov]]<ref name="ria.ru1"/>
*** 2 battalions of the 568th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Samara]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rg.ru/2020/03/12/vooruzhennye-sily-dosrochno-poluchili-pervyj-v-2020-godu-polk-s-400.html|title=Вооруженные силы досрочно получили первый в 2020 году полк С-400|website=Российская газета|date=12 March 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331022527/https://rg.ru/2020/03/12/vooruzhennye-sily-dosrochno-poluchili-pervyj-v-2020-godu-polk-s-400.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://iz.ru/952801/2019-12-10/pod-samaroi-v-2020-godu-razvernut-kompleksy-s-400-triumf|title=Под Самарой в 2020 году развернут комплексы С-400 «Триумф»|author=Юлия Горностаева|website=[[Известия]]|date=10 December 2019|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212140009/https://iz.ru/952801/2019-12-10/pod-samaroi-v-2020-godu-razvernut-kompleksy-s-400-triumf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 185th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Yekaterinburg]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://ria.ru/20200805/1575390306.html|title=Минобороны получило еще один полк С-400|website=[[РИА Новости]]|date=5 August 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=25 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825155150/https://ria.ru/20200805/1575390306.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://rg.ru/2020/01/03/reg-pfo/zenitnye-sistemy-s-400-vpervye-razvernut-na-urale-i-v-povolzhe.html|title=Зенитные системы С-400 впервые развернут на Урале и в Поволжье|website=[[Российская газета]]|date=3 January 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506185716/https://rg.ru/2020/01/03/reg-pfo/zenitnye-sistemy-s-400-vpervye-razvernut-na-urale-i-v-povolzhe.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Northern Military District (Russia)|Northern Military District]]
*** 2 battalions of the 33th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Rogachevo (air base)|Rogachevo]]<ref name="bmpd 9/2019">{{cite web|url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3771043.html|title=Новый полковой комплект зенитной ракетной системы С-400 получили войска ПВО России|website=bmpd.livejournal.com|date=13 September 2019|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117052800/https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3771043.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** 2 battalions of the 531st Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, [[Murmansk]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ntv.ru/novosti/1373356/|title=Первый полк С-400 заступил на боевое дежурство в Мурманской области|language=ru|trans-title=The first Regiment with the S-400 entered active military duty in the Murmansk region|work=NTV.ru|date=21 March 2015|access-date=26 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217110617/http://www.ntv.ru/novosti/1373356/|archive-date=17 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = "Триумф" на Кольском полуострове защитит РФ от самолетов-разведчиков|url = http://www.rg.ru/2014/09/11/triumf-site-anons.html|website = Российская газета| date=11 September 2014 |access-date = 3 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151225121036/http://www.rg.ru/2014/09/11/triumf-site-anons.html|archive-date = 25 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
;{{TUR}}
* [[Turkish Air Force]]:
** Air Defense Command (''Hava Savunma Komutanlığı'')<ref name="veryansintv.com"/>
***S-400 Group Command (''S400 Grup Komutanlığı'') ([[Mürted Airfield Command|Akıncı]]-[[Ankara]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aydinlik.com.tr/abd-liler-s-400-leri-uydudan-izleyecek-etraftaki-tarlalar-satin-alinacak-ozgurluk-meydani-temmuz-2019-2|title=ABD'liler S-400'leri uydudan izleyecek, etraftaki tarlalar satın alınacak|website=aydinlik.com.tr|date=7 October 2019}}</ref>
****15th Missile Base Command (''15. Füze Üs Komutanlığı'') ([[Çekmeköy|Alemdağ]]-[[Istanbul]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://odatv4.com/s-400ler-bakin-nereye-yerlestirilecek-2009171200.html|title=S-400'ler bakın nereye yerleştirilecek|website=odatv|date=20 September 2017|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308235955/https://odatv4.com/s-400ler-bakin-nereye-yerlestirilecek-2009171200.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
****20th Missile Base Command (''20. Füze Üs Komutanlığı'') ([[Birecik]]-[[Şanlıurfa]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ahaber.com.tr/gundem/2019/07/09/s-400-hazirligi-basladi-s-400ler-nereye-kurulacak|title=S-400 hazırlığı başladı! S-400'ler nereye kurulacak?|website=Ahaber|date=9 July 2019 }}</ref>
****Possible future base in [[Anamur]]-[[Mersin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aydinlik.com.tr/s-400-nereye-konuslanacak-iste-one-cikan-3-yer-turkiye-temmuz-2019|title=S-400 nereye konuşlanacak? İşte öne çıkan 3 yer...|website=aydinlik.com.tr|date=7 August 2019|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308031423/https://www.aydinlik.com.tr/s-400-nereye-konuslanacak-iste-one-cikan-3-yer-turkiye-temmuz-2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery heights="160" mode="packed">
File:Oboronexpo2014part2-35.jpg|alt=S-400's 92N2 radar and 5P85T2|S-400's 92N2 radar and 5P85T2
File:96L6E_radar_radar_-_100th_Anniversary_VVS-R_-01.jpg |alt=The 96L6 High-Altitude Detector |The 96L6 high-altitude detector
File:S-400 missile 48N6E3.jpg |The 48N6E3 missile used by the S-400.
File:С-400_«Триумф».JPG|alt=S-400 Triumf launch vehicle |S-400 Triumf launch vehicle
File:ТЗМ 22Т6 - Ашулук. Боевое содружество-2017 5.jpg |alt=22T6 loader-launcher from S-400 and S-300 systems |[[22T6]] loader for S-400 and S-300 systems
File:Alabino05042017-69.jpg |alt=5P85SM2-01 TEL launcher from the S-400 system |5P85SM2-01 TEL launcher from the S-400 system
File:ТЗМ_22Т6_-_Ашулук._Боевое_содружество-2017_1.jpg |alt=ТЗМ 22Т6 on the Ashuluk proving ground in 2017 |ТЗМ 22Т6 on the Ashuluk proving ground in 2017
File:S-400_SAMS_during_the_May_parade_2010.jpeg |alt=S-400 surface-to-air missile systems during the Victory parade 2010 |S-400 surface-to-air missile systems during the Victory parade 2010
File:13April-Rehersal-Alabino-34.jpg |alt=An S-400's 5P85SM2-01 missile launcher mounted on a MAZ-543M chassis
File:S-400 Triumf SAM - rehearsal for 2009 VD parade in Moscow -07.jpg |alt=S-400 system during a rehearsal for Russia's 2009 Victory Day parade in Moscow |S-400 system during a rehearsal for Russia's 2009 Victory Day parade in Moscow.
File:Stamp_of_Russia_2013_No_1688_Obukhov_Plant.jpg |alt=Russian 15.00 rubles stamp commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Obukhov State Plant. 26 March 2013|Russian 15.00 rubles stamp commemorating the 150th anniversary of the [[Obukhov State Plant]]
File:Antey-2500_and_S-400_missiles.jpg |alt=S-400 surface-to-air missile systems during the Victory parade 2010 |9M83ME and 9M82ME SAM for S-300VM Antey-2500 missile system and 48N6E3 SAM for S-400 system
File:BAZ-6909-022_chassis_for_S-400_system_-06.jpg |alt=The self-propelled launch vehicle 5P90S on a BAZ-6909-022 chassis for the S-400 system |The self-propelled launch vehicle 5P90S on a BAZ-6909-022 chassis for the S-400 system
File:96L6E at the MAKS-2011 (01).jpg |alt=The all-altitude detection radar 96L6E of S-300/400 systems, mounted on the chassis of MZKT-7930 |The all-altitude detection radar 96L6E of S-300/400 systems, mounted on the chassis of MZKT-7930
File:BAZ-69092-021_towing_vehicle_-01.jpg |alt=The BAZ-69092-021 towing vehicle for the 5I57A power generator and the 63T6A power converter for the S-400 system. |The BAZ-69092-021 towing vehicle for the 5I57A power generator and the 63T6A power converter for the S-400 system
File:НВО_С-300.jpg |alt=76N6 Clam Shell FMCW acquisition radar is used to support the Flap Lid SA-10 fire control radar. NATO code name: "Clam Shell." |76N6 Clam Shell FMCW acquisition radar is used to support the Flap Lid SA-10 fire control radar. NATO code name: "Clam Shell."
File:BAZ-69092-021 towing vehicle -03.jpg |alt=The BAZ-69092-021 towing vehicle for the 5I57A power generator and the 63T6A power converter for the S-400 system |The BAZ-69092-021 towing vehicle for the 5I57A power generator and the 63T6A power converter for the S-400 system
File:Обеспечение_безопасности_группировки_ВКС_РФ_в_Сирии_(7).jpg |alt=Two 5P85SM surface-to-air missile launchers and a 92Н6 radar guidance at Russia's Khmeimim airbase in Syria |Two 5P85SM surface-to-air missile launchers and a 92Н6 radar guidance at Russia's [[Khmeimim (air base)|Khmeimim airbase]] in Syria
File:Khmeimim_AD-AA_bubble.png |alt=Anti-access/area denial bubble created by Iskander-M and S-400 systems deployed at Russia's Khmeimim airbase. Red – ballistic missile range (700&nbsp;km). Blue – maximum range of the S-400 system with 40N6 missile (400&nbsp;km). |[[Anti-access/area denial]] bubble created by [[9K720 Iskander#Iskander-M|Iskander-M]] and S-400 systems deployed at Russia's [[Khmeimim (air base)|Khmeimim airbase]] in Syria. Red – ballistic missile range (700&nbsp;km). Blue – maximum range of the S-400 system with 40N6 missile (400&nbsp;km).
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of surface-to-air missiles]]
*[[S-300 missile system]]
*[[S-300VM missile system]]
*[[S-350 missile system]]
*[[S-500 missile system]]
*[[KM-SAM]]
*[[L-SAM]]
*[[Medium Extended Air Defense System]]
*[[THAAD]]
*[[MIM-104 Patriot]]
*[[Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys/s-400 S-400 Triumf | CSIS Missile Threat]
* [http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/ www.almaz-antey]
* [http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars.html#mozTocId555292 Radar S-400 (basic and potential as Protivnik-GE, Gamma-DE) their exact specifications and photos, indicated target size, height and distance, resistance to interference and anti-stealth capabilities, time to deployment, and other details.]
* [http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Grumble-Gargoyle.html Almaz S-400 ''Triumf'']
* {{langx|de|link=no| [https://de.scribd.com/doc/272460236/SA-21-GROWLER-S-400 S-400 at www.dtig.org]}}
* [http://otvaga2004.ru/fotoreportazhi/voyennaya-tehnika/zenitnaya-raketnaya-sistema-s-400-triumf-v-detalyax/ A lot of photos of all elements S-400 from various foreshortenings (copy prohibited). Photos can be enlarged fullscreen]
* [https://www.ausairpower.net/APA-S-400-Triumf.html www.ausairpower.net]

{{Russian and Soviet missiles|SAM}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sa-21 Growler}}
[[Category:21st-century surface-to-air missiles]]
[[Category:Almaz-Antey products]]
[[Category:Anti-ballistic missiles of Russia]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Missile defense]]
[[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of Russia]]