View source for S&P 500

{{Short description|American stock market index}}
{{for|a list of S&P 500 companies|List of S&P 500 companies}}
{{Infobox financial index
| name         = S&amp;P 500
| logo         =
| image        = S & P 500.webp
| image_upright= 1.2
| caption      = S&P 500 Index from 1970 to 2023
| foundation   = {{Start date and age|1957|3|4}}<ref name=keydates/>
| operator     = [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]]<ref name=sp500r/>
| symbol       = {{ubl|^GSPC|$SPX|SPX||.SPX|.INX}}
| exchanges    = {{ubl|[[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]]|[[Nasdaq]]|[[Cboe Global Markets|Cboe BZX Exchange]]}}
| constituents = [[List of S&P 500 companies|503]]<ref name=sp500r/>
| cap_level    = [[Market capitalization#Market cap terms|Large-cap]]<ref name=sp500r/>
| mcap         = {{US$|52.614 trillion|link=yes}}<br />(as of May 30, 2025)
| weighting    = [[Capitalization-weighted index#Free-float weighting|Free-float capitalization-weighted]]<ref name=S&P500Methodology>{{cite web | url=https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-sp-us-indices.pdf | title=S&P U.S. Indices Methodology |publisher=[[S&P Global]] |  date=March 2025}}</ref>
| related      = {{unbulleted list|[[S&P 1500]]|[[S&P Global 1200]]|[[S&P 100]]}}
| homepage     = {{URL|https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/|spglobal.com/sp-500}}
}}
{{Pie chart
| caption = [[Global Industry Classification Standard]] of components of the S&P 500 by market capitalization as of June 2, 2025<ref name=ivv>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239726/ishares-core-sp-500-etf | title=iShares Core S&P 500 ETF | publisher=[[iShares]]}}</ref>
| value1 = 3.02
| label1 = Energy
| value2 = 1.94
| label2 = Materials
| value3 = 8.66
| label3 = Industrials
| value4 = 10.60
| label4 = Consumer Discretionary
| value5 = 5.88
| label5 = Consumer Staples
| value6 = 9.55
| label6 = Healthcare
| value7 = 14.23
| label7 = Financials
| value8 = 31.70
| label8 = Information Technology
| value9 = 9.62
| label9 = Communication Services
| value10 = 2.48
| label10 = Utilities
| value11 = 2.13
| label11 = Real Estate
}}
{{ multiple image | total_width=650
| image1 = S and P 500 daily linear chart 1950 to 2016.png |caption1= A linear chart of the S&P 500 daily closing values from January 3, 1950, to February 19, 2016
| image2 = S&P 500 daily logarithmic chart 1950 to 2016.png |caption2= A logarithmic chart of the S&P 500 index daily closing values from January 3, 1950, to February 19, 2016
| image3 = S and P 500 daily volume chart 1950 to 2016.png |caption3= A daily volume chart of the S&P 500 index from January 3, 1950, to February 19, 2016
}}
[[File:1985- S&P 500 index - percent changes by month.svg |thumb |Though there is large variability in month-to-month changes in the S&P 500 index (gray lines), a seasonal pattern emerges when the monthly change values are averaged (bold line).<ref name=YahooFinance_SPX>{{cite web |title=S&P 500 INDEX (^SPX) |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/%5ESPX/history/?frequency=1mo&period1=-1325583000&period2=1746313183 |publisher=Yahoo Finance |location=Choose Max (time period), "Historical prices", "monthly" |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:S&P 500 Chart 2025.svg|thumb|S&P 500 Max Min Chart to Jan 2025 with Trend, with plots less Inflation, and comparison plots]]

The '''Standard and Poor's 500''', or simply the '''S&P 500''',<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/SandP-500 |title=S&P 500 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> is a [[stock market index]] tracking the stock performance of 500 leading companies listed on [[stock exchange]]s in the [[United States]]. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices and includes approximately 80% of the total [[market capitalization]] of U.S. public companies, with an aggregate market cap of more than $49.8 trillion as of March 31, 2025.<ref name=sp500r>{{cite web | url=https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/#overview | title=S&P 500® | publisher=[[S&P Global]]}}</ref>

The S&P 500 index is a [[public float]] weighted/[[capitalization-weighted index]]. The ten largest companies on the [[list of S&P 500 companies]] account for approximately 38% of the market capitalization of the index and the 50 largest components account for 60% of the index. The 10 largest components are, in order of highest to lowest weighting: [[Microsoft]] (7.0%), [[Nvidia]] (7.0%), [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] (5.8%), [[Amazon (company)|Amazon.com]] (3.9%), [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] (3.6%, including both class A & C shares), [[Meta Platforms]] (3.0%), [[Broadcom]] (2.3%), [[Berkshire Hathaway]] (1.8%), [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] (1.8%), and [[JPMorgan Chase]] (1.5%).<ref name=ivv/> The components that have increased their dividends in 25 consecutive years are known as the [[S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=S&P Dividend Aristocrats Indices Methodology |date=September 1, 2023 |url=https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-sp-dividend-aristocrats-indices.pdf |publisher=[[S&P Dow Jones Indices]] |page=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123105847/https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-sp-dividend-aristocrats-indices.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Companies in the S&P 500 derive a collective 72% of revenues from the United States and 28% from other countries.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/how-tariffs-are-forecast-to-affect-us-stocks | title=How tariffs are forecast to affect US stocks | work=[[Goldman Sachs]] | date=February 7, 2025}}</ref>

The index is one of the factors in computation of the [[Conference Board Leading Economic Index]], used to forecast the direction of the economy.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://conference-board.org/data/bcicountry.cfm?cid=1 | title=Global Business Cycle Indicators | publisher=[[The Conference Board]]}}</ref> The index is associated with many [[ticker symbol]]s, including ^GSPC,<ref>{{cite web | title=Yahoo! Finance: ^GSPC | publisher=[[Yahoo! Finance]] | url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/^GSPC}}</ref> .INX,<ref>{{cite web | title=Google Finance: .INX | publisher=[[Google Finance]] | url=https://www.google.com/search?q=INDEXSP:.INX}}</ref> and SPX, depending on market or website.<ref>{{cite web | title=S&P 500 Index Quote | publisher=[[MarketWatch]] | url=https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/index/SPX}}</ref> The S&P 500 is maintained by [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]], a [[joint venture]] majority-owned by [[S&P Global]], and its components are selected by a committee.<ref name=S&P500Methodology/>

==Investing in the S&P 500==
===Mutual and exchange-traded funds===
[[Index fund]]s, including [[mutual fund]]s and [[exchange-traded fund]]s (ETFs), can replicate, before fees and expenses, the performance of the index by holding the same stocks as the index in the same proportions. ETFs that replicate the performance of the index are issued by [[The Vanguard Group]] ({{NYSE Arca|VOO}}), [[iShares]] ({{NYSE Arca|IVV}}), and [[State Street Corporation]] ([[SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust]], {{NYSE Arca|SPY}} and {{NYSE Arca|SPLG}}). The most liquid based on average daily volume is ({{NYSE Arca|SPY}}), although SPY has a higher annual expense ratio of 0.09% compared to 0.03% for VOO and IVV, and 0.02% for SPLG. Mutual funds that track the index are offered by [[Fidelity Investments]], [[T. Rowe Price]], and [[Charles Schwab Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://money.usnews.com/investing/funds/slideshows/s-p-index-funds-to-buy-now | title=7 S&P Index Funds to Buy Now | first=Ellen | last=Chang | work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] | date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thebalancemoney.com/best-sandp-500-index-funds-2466399 |title=The Best S&P 500 Index Funds |last=Thune |first=Kent |website=[[The Balance (website)|The Balance]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603123933/https://www.thebalancemoney.com/best-sandp-500-index-funds-2466399 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Direxion]] offers [[leveraged ETFs]] which attempt to produce three times the daily return of either investing in ({{NYSE Arca|SPXL}}) or [[Short (finance)|short]]ing ({{NYSE Arca|SPXS}}) the S&P 500 index.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.direxion.com/product/daily-sp-500-bull-bear-3x-etfs | title=SPXL SPXS | publisher=[[Direxion]]}}</ref> [[ProShares]] offers 2x daily return ({{NYSE Arca|SSO}}) and 3x daily return ({{NYSE Arca|UPRO}}).

===Derivatives===
In the [[Derivative (finance)|derivatives]] market, the [[Chicago Mercantile Exchange]] (CME) offers [[futures contract]]s that track the index and trade on the exchange floor in an [[open outcry]] auction, or on CME's Globex platform, and are the exchange's most popular product. The [[Chicago Board Options Exchange]] (CBOE) offers [[Option (finance)|options]] on the S&P 500 index as well as on S&P 500 index ETFs, inverse ETFs, and leveraged ETFs.

==History==
In 1860, [[Henry Varnum Poor]] formed Poor's Publishing, which published an investor's guide to the railroad industry.<ref name=history>{{cite web | url=https://www.spglobal.com/en/who-we-are/our-history | title=Our History | publisher=[[S&P Global]]}}</ref> In 1923, Standard Statistics Company (founded in 1906 as the [[S&P Global Ratings#History|Standard Statistics Bureau]]) began rating mortgage bonds<ref name=history/> and developed its first stock market index consisting of the stocks of 233 U.S. companies, computed weekly.<ref name=keydates>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-stocks-sp-timeline-idUSBRE9450WL20130506 | title=Key dates and milestones in the S&P 500's history | first=Caroline | last=Valetkevitch | work=[[Reuters]] | date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> Three years later, it developed a 90-stock index, computed daily.<ref name=keydates/> In 1941, Poor's Publishing merged with Standard Statistics Company to form [[Standard & Poor's]].<ref name=history/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Standard & Poor's | encyclopedia=Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History | volume=3 | edition=2nd | publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] | editor-last=Riggs | editor-first=Thomas | date=2015 | page=1256 | id={{gale|CX3611000855}}}}</ref>

On Monday, March 4, 1957, the index was expanded to its current extent of 500 companies and was renamed the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index.<ref name=keydates/> In 1962, Ultronic Systems became the compiler of the S&P indices including the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index, the 425 Stock Industrial Index, the 50 Stock Utility Index, and the 25 Stock Rail Index.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/06/04/archives/vast-stock-wire-network-being-extended-to-coast.html | title=Vast stock wire network being extended to coast | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 4, 1962 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> On August 31, 1976, [[The Vanguard Group]] offered the first [[mutual fund]] to [[retail investor]]s that tracked the index.<ref name=keydates/> On April 21, 1982, the [[Chicago Mercantile Exchange]] began trading futures based on the index.<ref name=keydates/> On July 1, 1983, [[Chicago Board Options Exchange]] began trading [[Option (finance)|options]] based on the index.<ref name=keydates/> Beginning in 1986, the index value was updated every 15 seconds, or 1,559 times per trading day, with price updates disseminated by [[Reuters]]. Prior to this, it had been updated once every minute.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duggan |first=Wayne |title=This Day In Market History, June 13: S&P 500 Quotes Delivered Every 15 Seconds - SPDR S&P 500 (ARCA:SPY) |url=https://www.benzinga.com/general/education/19/06/13915807/this-day-in-market-history-s-p-500-quotes-delivered-every-15-seconds |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=Benzinga |language=English}}</ref>

On January 22, 1993, the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts [[exchange-traded fund]] issued by [[State Street Corporation]] began trading.<ref name=keydates/> On September 9, 1997, [[CME Group]] introduced the S&P E-mini futures contract.<ref name=keydates/> In 2005, the index transitioned to a public float-adjusted capitalization-weighting.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mondovisione.com/media-and-resources/news/standard-and-poors-announces-changes-to-us-investable-weight-factors-and-final-f/ | title=Standard & Poor's Announces Changes to U.S. Investable Weight Factors and Final Float Transition Schedule | date=March 9, 2005}}</ref> Friday, September 17, 2021, was the final trading date for the original SP big contract which began trading in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2021 |title=Termination of Trading, Conversion and Delisting of Standard-Size Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Price Index Futures and Options on Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Price Index Futures Contracts |website=CME Group |url=https://www.cmegroup.com/content/dam/cmegroup/notices/ser/2021/08/SER-8828.pdf}}</ref>

==Selection criteria==
Like other indices managed by [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]], but unlike indices such as the [[Russell 1000 Index]] which are strictly rule-based, the components of the S&P 500 index are selected by a committee. When considering the eligibility of a new addition, the committee assesses the company's merit using the following primary criteria:<ref name=S&P500Methodology/>
# [[Market capitalization]] - Market capitalization must be greater than or equal to US$20.5 billion (effective on January 2, 2025).<ref name="sp20250102">{{cite web |url = https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/indexnews/announcements/20250102-1476019/1476019_2025janmktcapguidelines.pdf |title=S&P Dow Jones Indices Announces Update to S&P Composite 1500 Market Cap Guidelines | work=[[S&P Global]] |date=January 2, 2025}}</ref> These market cap eligibility criteria are for addition to an index, not for continued membership. As a result, an index constituent that appears to violate criteria for addition to that index is not removed unless ongoing conditions warrant an index change.<ref name="sp20250102"/>  
# [[Market liquidity]] and [[public float]]{{snd}}Annual dollar value traded to float-adjusted market capitalization is greater than 0.75.<ref name="sp20230104">{{cite web |url=https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/indexnews/announcements/20230104-1460758/1460758_spcomposite1500indexmktcapfalrconsultationresults1-4-2023.pdf |title=S&P Dow Jones Indices Announces Update to S&P Composite 1500 Market Cap Guidelines |date=January 4, 2022 | work=[[S&P Global]] }}</ref>
# [[Volume (finance)|Volume]]{{snd}}Minimum monthly trading volume of 250,000 shares in each of the six months leading up to the evaluation date
# [[Stock exchange]]{{snd}}Must be publicly listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] (including [[NYSE Arca]] or [[NYSE American]]), [[Nasdaq]] (Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Select Market or the Nasdaq Capital Market) or [[Cboe Global Markets|Cboe]] (Cboe BZX, Cboe BYX, Cboe EDGA or Cboe EDGX).
# [[Domicile (law)|Domicile]]{{snd}}The company must have its primary listing on a U.S. exchange.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/equities/sp-500-index/ |title=S&P 500 Index|publisher= [[Corporate Finance Institute]]}}</ref>
# Securities that are ineligible for inclusion in the index are [[limited partnership]]s, [[master limited partnership]]s and their [[investment trust]] units, [[OTC Bulletin Board]] issues, [[closed-end fund]]s, [[exchange-traded fund]]s, [[Exchange-traded note]]s, [[royalty trust]]s, [[tracking stock]]s, [[preferred stock]], [[unit trust]]s, [[Warrant (finance)|equity warrants]], [[convertible bond]]s, [[investment trust]]s, [[American depositary receipt]]s, and [[American depositary share]]s.<ref name=S&P500Methodology/>

A stock may rise in value when it is added to the index since [[index fund]]s must purchase that stock to continue tracking the index.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nber.org/digest/nov13/w19290.html | title=Stock Price Reactions to Index Inclusion | first=Jay | last=Fitzgerald | publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/krantz/2013/07/05/stocks-soar-added-sp-500/2447185/ | title=Do stocks soar if they get into the S&P 500? | first=Matt | last=Krantz | work=[[USA TODAY]] | date=July 5, 2013}}</ref>

A study published by the [[National Bureau of Economic Research]] in October 2021 alleged that companies' purchases of ratings services from [[S&P Global]] appear to improve their chance of entering the S&P 500 index, even if they are not the best fit per the rules.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w29365 | title=Is Stock Index Membership for Sale? | last1=Kun Li | first1=Xin | first2=Shang-Jin | last2=Wei | publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]] | date=October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-12/new-nber-study-asks-whether-s-p-500-membership-is-up-for-sale |title=S&P 500 Membership May Be 'For Sale,' NBER Research Suggests |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |last=Lee |first=Justina |date=October 12, 2021 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Performance==
{{See also|Closing milestones of the S&P 500|List of recessions in the United States}}
[[File:S&P 500 Buybacks and Dividends.webp|thumb|500px|S&P 500 Buybacks and Dividends (quarterly) <br /> {{color box|lightgreen}} [[Stock buyback]] <br /> {{color box|green}} [[Dividend]]s]]
[[File:S & P 500 Annual Returns.webp|500px|right|S&P 500 annual returns]]

Since its inception in 1926, the index's [[compound annual growth rate]]—including [[dividend]]s—has been approximately 9.8% (6% after [[inflation]]), with the [[standard deviation]] of the return, calculated on a monthly basis, over the same time period being 20.81%. While the index has declined in several years by over 30%,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/18/the-sp-500-has-already-met-its-average-return-for-a-full-year.html | title=The S&P 500 has already met its average return for a full year, but don't expect it to stay here | first=Michael | last=Santoli | work=[[CNBC]] | date=June 18, 2017}}</ref> it has posted annual increases 70% of the time,<ref name=love>{{cite news | url=https://money.usnews.com/investing/investing-101/articles/2018-10-02/why-investors-love-the-s-p-500 | title=Why Investors Love the S&P 500 | first=Lou | last=Carlozo | work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] | date=October 2, 2018}}</ref> with 5% of all trading days resulting in record highs.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2020/02/27/coronavirus-stock-market-worries-dont-panic-economy/ | title=Worried about the stock market? Resist the urge to panic | first=Ben | last=Carlson | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=February 27, 2020 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

Returns are generally quoted as [[price return]]s (excluding returns from dividends). However, they can also be quoted as [[total return]], which includes returns from [[dividend]]s and the reinvestment thereof, and "net total return", which reflects the effects of dividend reinvestment after the deduction of [[withholding tax]].<ref name=sp500r/>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ class="nowrap" | Show / Hide table
! rowspan=2|Year
! rowspan=2|Change in<br>Index
! rowspan=2|Total<br>Annual Return,<br>including<br>dividends
! rowspan=2|Value of $1.00<br>invested on<br>January 1, 1970
! colspan=5|Annualized Return over
|-
! 5 years
! 10 years
! 15 years
! 20 years
! 25 years
|-
|1961

|  23.13%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1962

| style="color:red"| -11.81%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1963

|  18.89%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1964

|  12.97%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1965

|  9.06%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1966

| style="color:red"| -13.09%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1967

|  20.09%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1968

|  7.66%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1969

| style="color:red"| -11.36%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1970

|  0.10%
|  4.01%
|  $1.04
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1971
|  10.79%
|  14.31%
|  $1.19
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1972
|  15.63%
|  18.98%
|  $1.41
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1973
| style="color:red"| −17.37%
| style="color:red"|  −14.66%
|  $1.21
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1974
| style="color:red"| −29.72%
| style="color:red"|  −26.47%
|  $0.89
|  style="color:red"| −2.35%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1975
|  31.55%
|  37.20%
|  $1.22
|  3.21%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1976
|  19.15%
|  23.84%
|  $1.51
|  4.87%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1977
| style="color:red"| −11.50%
| style="color:red"|  −7.18%
|  $1.40
| style="color:red"|  −0.21%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1978
|  1.06%
|  6.56%
|  $1.49
|  4.32%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1979
|  12.31%
|  18.44%
|  $1.77
|  14.76%
|  5.86%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1980
|  25.77%
|  32.50%
|  $2.34
|  13.96%
|  8.45%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1981
| style="color:red"| −9.73%
| style="color:red"|  −4.92%
|  $2.23
|  8.10%
|  6.47%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1982
|  14.76%
|  21.55%
|  $2.71
|  14.09%
|  6.70%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1983
|  17.27%
|  22.56%
|  $3.32
|  17.32%
|  10.63%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1984
|  1.40%
|  6.27%
|  $3.52
|  14.81%
|  14.78%
|  8.76%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1985
|  26.33%
|  31.73%
|  $4.64
|  14.67%
|  14.32%
|  10.49%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1986
|  14.62%
|  18.67%
|  $5.51
|  19.87%
|  13.83%
|  10.76%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1987
|  2.03%
|  5.25%
|  $5.80
|  16.47%
|  15.27%
|  9.86%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1988
|  12.40%
|  16.61%
|  $6.76
|  15.31%
|  16.31%
|  12.17%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1989
|  27.25%
|  31.69%
|  $8.90
|  20.37%
|  17.55%
|  16.61%
|  11.55%
|  -
|-
|1990
| style="color:red"| −6.56%
| style="color:red"| −3.10%
|  $8.63
|  13.20%
|  13.93%
|  13.94%
|  11.16%
|  -
|-
|1991
|  26.31%
|  30.47%
|  $11.26
|  15.36%
|  17.59%
|  14.34%
|  11.90%
|  -
|-
|1992
|  4.46%
|  7.62%
|  $12.11
|  15.88%
|  16.17%
|  15.47%
|  11.34%
|  -
|-
|1993
|  7.06%
|  10.08%
|  $13.33
|  14.55%
|  14.93%
|  15.72%
|  12.76%
|  -
|-
|1994
| style="color:red"| −1.54%
|  1.32%
|  $13.51
|  8.70%
|  14.38%
|  14.52%
|  14.58%
|  10.98%
|-
|1995
|  34.11%
|  37.58%
|  $18.59
|  16.59%
|  14.88%
|  14.81%
|  14.60%
|  12.22%
|-
|1996
|  20.26%
|  22.96%
|  $22.86
|  15.22%
|  15.29%
|  16.80%
|  14.56%
|  12.55%
|-
|1997
|  31.01%
|  33.36%
|  $30.48
|  20.27%
|  18.05%
|  17.52%
|  16.65%
|  13.07%
|-
|1998
|  26.67%
|  28.58%
|  $39.19
|  24.06%
|  19.21%
|  17.90%
|  17.75%
|  14.94%
|-
|1999
|  19.53%
|  21.04%
|  $47.44
|  28.56%
|  18.21%
|  18.93%
|  17.88%
|  17.25%
|-
|2000
| style="color:red"| −10.14%
| style="color:red"|  −9.10%
|  $43.12
|  18.33%
|  17.46%
|  16.02%
|  15.68%
|  15.34%
|-
|2001
| style="color:red"| −13.04%
| style="color:red"|  −11.89%
|  $37.99
|  10.70%
|  12.94%
|  13.74%
|  15.24%
|  13.78%
|-
|2002
| style="color:red"| −23.37%
|style="color:red"|   −22.10%
|  $29.60
| style="color:red"|  −0.59%
|  9.34%
|  11.48%
|  12.71%
|  12.98%
|-
|2003
|  26.38%
|  28.68%
|  $38.09
|style="color:red"|   −0.57%
|  11.07%
|  12.22%
|  12.98%
|  13.84%
|-
|2004
|  8.99%
|  10.88%
|  $42.23
| style="color:red"|  −2.30%
|  12.07%
|  10.94%
|  13.22%
|  13.54%
|-
|2005
|  3.00%
|  4.91%
|  $44.30
|  0.54%
|  9.07%
|  11.52%
|  11.94%
|  12.48%
|-
|2006
|  13.62%
|  15.79%
|  $51.30
|  6.19%
|  8.42%
|  10.64%
|  11.80%
|  13.37%
|-
|2007
|  3.53%
|  5.49%
|  $54.12
|  12.83%
|  5.91%
|  10.49%
|  11.82%
|  12.73%
|-
|2008
| style="color:red"| −38.49%
| style="color:red"|  −37.00%
|  $34.09
| style="color:red"|  −2.19%
| style="color:red"|  −1.38%
|  6.46%
|  8.43%
|  9.77%
|-
|2009
|  23.45%
|  26.46%
|  $43.11
|  0.41%
| style="color:red"|  −0.95%
|  8.04%
|  8.21%
|  10.54%
|-
|2010
|  12.78%
|  15.06%
|  $49.61
|  2.29%
|  1.41%
|  6.76%
|  9.14%
|  9.94%
|-
|2011
| style="color:red"| -0.00%
|  2.11%
|  $50.65
| style="color:red"|  −0.25%
|  2.92%
|  5.45%
|  7.81%
|  9.28%
|-
|2012
|  13.41%
|  16.00%
|  $58.76
|  1.66%
|  7.10%
|  4.47%
|  8.22%
|  9.71%
|-
|2013
|  29.60%
|  32.39%
|  $77.79
|  17.94%
|  7.40%
|  4.68%
|  9.22%
|  10.26%
|-
|2014
|  11.39%
|  13.69%
|  $88.44
|  15.45%
|  7.67%
|  4.24%
|  9.85%
|  9.62%
|-
|2015
| style="color:red"| −0.73%
|  1.38%
|  $89.66
|  12.57%
|  7.30%
|  5.00%
|  8.19%
|  9.82%
|-
|2016
|  9.54%
|  11.96%
|  $100.38
|  14.66%
|  6.94%
|  6.69%
|  7.68%
|  9.15%
|-
|2017
|  19.42%
|  21.83%
|  $122.30
|  15.79%
|  8.49%
|  9.92%
|  7.19%
|  9.69%
|-
|2018
| style="color:red"| −6.24%
|  style="color:red"| −4.38%
|  $116.94
|  8.49%
|  13.12%
|  7.77%
|  5.62%
|  9.07%
|-
|2019
|  28.88%
|  31.49%
|  $153.76
|  11.70%
|  13.56%
|  9.00%
|  6.06%
|  10.22%
|-
|2020
|  16.26%
|  18.40%
|  $182.06
|  15.22%
|  13.89%
|  9.88%
|  7.47%
|  9.56%
|-
|2021
|  26.89%
|  28.71%
|  $234.33
|  18.48%
|  16.55%
|  10.66%
|  9.52%
|  9.76%
|-
|2022
| style="color:red"| −19.44%
| style="color:red"|  −18.11%
|  $191.89
|  9.43%
|  12.56%
|  8.80%
|  9.80%
|  7.64%
|-
|2023
|  24.23%
|  26.29%
|  $242.34
|  15.69%
|  12.03%
|  13.97%
|  9.69%
|  7.56%
|-
|2024
|  23.31%
|  25.02%
|  $302.97
|  14.53%
|  13.10%
|  13.88%
|  10.35%
|  7.70%
|-
!High
!  34.11%
!  37.58%
!  ---
!  28.56%
!  19.21%
!  18.93%
!  17.88%
!  17.25%
|-
!Low
!  −38.49%
!  −37.00%
!  ---
!  −2.35%
!  −1.38%
!  4.24%
!  5.62%
!  7.56%
|-
!Median
!  12.40%
!  15.79%
!  ---
!  14.09%
!  12.75%
!  10.76%
!  11.25%
!  10.26%
|-
! rowspan=2|Year
! rowspan=2|Change in<br>Index
! rowspan=2|Total<br>Annual Return,<br>including<br>dividends
! rowspan=2|Value of $1.00<br>invested on<br>January 1, 1970
! colspan=5|Annualized Return over
|-
! 5 years
! 10 years
! 15 years
! 20 years
! 25 years
|}

The S&P 500’s record high of 6,144.15 was set on February 19, 2025. The benchmark index fell as low as 4,982.77 on April 8, about 18.9% below that high, before staging a sharp recovery.

== See also == 
* [[List of S&P 500 companies]]
* [[SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust]]
* [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Stock Market Indices}}{{Stock market indexes}}
{{North and South American Stock market indices}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:S And P 500 Index}}
[[Category:S&P Dow Jones Indices|0500]]
[[Category:1957 introductions]]
[[Category:American stock market indices]]
[[Category:North American stock market indices]]