View source for Ryazan

{{Short description|City in Ryazan Oblast, Russia}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2012}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Ryazan
| ru_name                 = Рязань
| loc_name1               = 
| loc_lang1               = 
| loc_name2               = 
| loc_lang2               = 
| loc_name3               = 
| loc_lang3               = 
| loc_name4               = 
| loc_lang4               = 
| other_name              = 
| other_lang              = 
| image_skyline           = Фестиваль воздухоплавания в Рязани.jpg
| image_caption           = Aerial view of the Kremlin
| image_map               = 
| mapsize                 = 230px
| pushpin_map             = Russia Ryazan Oblast#European Russia#Russia#Europe#Earth
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|54|37|48|N|39|44|33|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = Flag of Ryazan.svg
| flag_caption            = 
| image_coa               = Coat of Arms of Ryazan large.png
| coa_caption             = 
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = 
| holiday_ref             = 
| federal_subject         = [[Ryazan Oblast]]
| federal_subject_ref     = 
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[city of federal subject significance|city of oblast significance]] of Ryazan
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="Ref238" />
| adm_citydistrict_jur    = 
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = 
| capital_of_ref          = 
| adm_ctr_of1             = Ryazan Oblast
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="Ref238" />
| adm_ctr_of2             = [[Ryazansky District, Ryazan Oblast|Ryazansky District]]
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = 
| adm_ctr_of3             = city of oblast significance of Ryazan
| adm_ctr_of3_ref         = <ref name="Ref238" />
| inhabloc_cat            = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="Ref238" />
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Ryazan Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="Ref877" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Ryazan Urban Okrug
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="Ref877" />
| mun_admctr_of2          = Ryazansky Municipal District
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = <ref name="Ref431">Law #74-OZ</ref>
| leader_title            = City manager
| leader_title_ref        = 
| leader_name             = [[Артёмов, Виталий Евгеньевич|Vitalii Artemov]]
| leader_name_ref         = 
| representative_body     = [[Ryazan City Duma|City Duma]]
| representative_body_ref = 
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 224.163
| area_km2_ref            = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/scripts/db_inet2/passport/table.aspx?opt=617010002006200720082009201020112012 |title=БД ПМО Рязанской области. Город Рязань |access-date=April 18, 2014 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224122807/http://www.gks.ru/scripts/db_inet2/passport/table.aspx?opt=617010002006200720082009201020112012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| pop_2010census          = 524927
| pop_2010census_rank     = 31st
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
| pop_latest              = 532772
| pop_latest_date         = 2015
| pop_latest_ref          = 
| population_demonym      = 
| time_zone_ref           = 
| established_date        = 1095
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date_ref    = 
| current_cat_date        = 
| current_cat_date_ref    = 
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
| postal_codes            = 390000-390048
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 4912
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = http://www.admrzn.ru
}}
'''Ryazan''' ({{langx|ru|Рязань}}, {{IPA|ru|rʲɪˈzanʲ|IPA|ru-Ryazan.ogg}}; also Riazan) is the largest [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] and [[administrative center]] of [[Ryazan Oblast]], Russia. The city is located on the banks of the [[Oka River]] in [[Central Russia]], {{cvt|196|km|sp=us}} southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Ryazan had a population of 524,927, making it the [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|33rd most populated city in Russia]], and the fourth most populated in [[Central Federal District|Central Russia]] after Moscow, [[Voronezh]], and [[Yaroslavl]].{{Historical populations|1897|46122|1926|48989|1939|95357|1959|214130|1970|350151|1979|453267|1989|514638|2002|521560|2010|524927|2021|528599|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}An older city, now known as Old Ryazan ({{Langx|ru|Старая Рязань|Staraya Ryazan}}), was located {{convert|50|km}} east of modern-day Ryazan during the late [[Middle Ages]], and served as capital of the [[Principality of Ryazan]] up until the [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'|Mongol invasion]] in 1237. During the [[Siege of Ryazan]], it became one of the first cities in Russia to be besieged and completely razed to the ground. The capital was subsequently moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky ({{Langx|ru|Переяславль-Рязанский}}), and later renamed to Ryazan by order of [[Catherine the Great]] in 1778.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5. ПЕРЕЯСЛАВЛЬ РЯЗАНСКИЙ (История города) |url=http://pravgymn62.ru/dukhovnye-sokrovishcha-zatinnoj-ulitsy/66-zat-pereyaslavl |access-date=2021-03-03 |website=pravgymn62.ru}}</ref>

The city is known for the [[Ryazan Kremlin]], a historic museum; the [[Pozhalostin Museum]], one of the oldest art museums in Russia; the Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician [[Ivan Pavlov|I.P. Pavlov]]; and the [[Ryazan Museum of Long-Range Aviation]].

In 2022, the Ministry of Construction published an updated rating of the new urban digitalization index. Ryazan entered the top three cities with a population of 250 thousand to a million people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Назаров Александр Юрьевич рассказал об инновационных разработках Ростеха в рамках концепции «Умный город» |url=https://vladtime.ru/computers/750487 |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=ВладТайм - самые независимые новости}}</ref>

==History==
=== Principality of Ryazan ===
{{See also|Principality of Ryazan}}
[[File:Old map of Ryazan.jpg|thumb|left|Old map of Ryazan (1909)]]

The first written mention of the city, under the name of '''Pereslavl''', dates to 1095. The city became part of the independent [[Principality of Ryazan]], which had existed since 1129, centered on the old city of Ryazan. The first ruler of Ryazan was supposedly [[Yaroslav Sviatoslavich]], Prince of [[Ryazan and Murom]] (cities of [[Kievan Rus']]).{{Cn|date=July 2024}}

==== Invasion by Mongols ====
{{further|Mongol invasion of Europe}}
In the 12th century, the lands of Ryazan – being located on the border between woodlands and the [[steppe]] – suffered numerous invasions from the southern and northern parts of European Russia. Southern invasions were usually carried out by the [[Cuman]]s; on the northern side Ryazan was in conflict with [[Vladimir-Suzdal]], who by the end of the 12th century had burnt the capital of Ryazan several times.

In the 13th century, Ryazan was the [[Siege of Ryazan|first Russian city to face Mongolian invasion]] by the hordes of [[Batu Khan]]. On December&nbsp;21, 1237, after a short siege, it was [[The Tale of the Destruction of Ryazan|completely destroyed]] and never recovered. As a result of the takeover, the seat of the principality was moved about {{cvt|55|km|sp=us}} to the town of Pereslavl-Ryazansky, which subsequently took the name of the destroyed capital. The site of the old capital now carries the name of '''Staraya Ryazan''' (''Old Ryazan''), close to [[Spassk-Ryazansky]]. Maps of the 16th-18th centuries show Ryazan (Old Ryazan) and Pereslavl-Ryazan together.<ref>{{cite book |last=Zatta |first=Antonio |title=Governi di Moscovia e Woronez colle loro Provincie Nella Russia Europea Di nuova Projezione. |date=1782}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jaillot |first=Alexis-Hubert |title=LA RUSSIE BLANCHE ou MOSCOVIE : Diviseé Suivant l'Estendue DES ROYAUMES, DUCHES, PRINCIPAUTES PROVINCES et PEUPLES, qui sont Presentement soubs la Domination DU CZAR DE LA RUSSIE, Cogneu soubs le Nom de GRAND DUC DE MOSCOVIE |date=1674 |isbn=978-9949-644-00-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Яковлев |first=Алексей Иванович |title=Засечная черта Московского государства в XVII веке : очерк из истории обороны южной окраины Московского государства |date=1916 |publisher=книжное издание |location=М. |pages=313, 321 |url=http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/24454-yakovlev-a-i-zasechnaya-cherta-moskovskogo-gosudarstva-v-xvii-veke-ocherk-iz-istorii-oborony-yuzhnoy-okrainy-moskovskogo-gosudarstva-m-1916}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Kromer |title=Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae, Livoniae et Moscoviae Descriptio : cum privilegio |date=1589 |isbn=978-9949-564-35-4 |url=https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/nlib-digar:964}}</ref>{{Vague|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}

==== Golden Horde ====
[[File:Staraya Ryazan-2.jpg|thumb|Old Ryazan remnants: Cathedral of St. [[Boris and Gleb]].]]
[[File:A-Ryazan Kremlin.jpg|thumb|[[Ryazan Kremlin]]]]

In 1380, during the [[Battle of Kulikovo]], the Grand Prince of Ryazan Oleg and his men came under a coalition of [[Mamai]], a strongman of the Tatar [[Golden Horde]], and the Grand Duke of [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]], against the armies under the command of the Grand Prince of [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]], [[Dmitry Donskoy]].

Late in the 13th century, the Princes of Ryazan moved their capital to Pereyaslavl' ({{Langx|ru|Переяславль}}), which is known as Ryazan from the 16th century (officially renamed in 1778).

The principality was finally dissolved and incorporated into the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] in 1521. The principality's last duke, [[Ivan V of Ryazan]], was imprisoned for a short time for being suspected in a treasonous attempt to seal a treaty with [[Crimean Khanate]] in order to outweigh Moscow's influence. The duke fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where he died no later than 1534.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Присоединение к Москве Рязани и Северской земли |trans-title=Annexation of Ryazan and Northern lands to Moscow |url=http://rushist.com/index.php/russia-children/770-prisoedinenie-k-moskve-ryazani-i-severskoj-zemli |access-date=2021-11-02 |website=rushist.com |publisher=Russian Historical Library}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ИВАН ИВАНОВИЧ (РЯЗАНСКИЙ КНЯЗЬ ) |trans-title=Ivan Ivanovich, Duke of Ryazan |url=https://w.histrf.ru/articles/article/show/ivan_ivanovich |access-date=2021-11-02 |website=w.histrf.ru}}</ref> 

Being the southernmost border of Rus' lands at the time, Ryazan continued to suffer from invasions of [[Crimean Tatars]] and their allies.

=== Grand Duchy of Moscow ===

=== Tsardom of Russia ===
{{Expand section|date=November 2021}}

==== Time of Troubles ====
{{Main|Time of Troubles}}{{See also|Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)}}
In June of 1605 Ryazan became a seat for [[Greek Cypriot]]-born [[Ignatius of Moscow|Patriarch Ignatius]], a [[clergyman]] who was sent by [[Russian Orthodox Church]] to serve as an [[archbishop]] of Ryazan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Русские патриархи - Андрей Петрович Богданов |url=http://krotov.info/history/17/1/bogdanov_02.htm |access-date=2021-11-07 |website=krotov.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-06 |title=Патриарх Игнатий (1605-1606 гг.) - Учреждение Патриаршества - Патриарший Период (1586-1700) - Очерки по истории Русской Церкви. Том 2 - Карташев А.В. |url=http://lib.eparhia-saratov.ru/books/10k/kartashev/russianchurch2/11.html |access-date=2021-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606203434/http://lib.eparhia-saratov.ru/books/10k/kartashev/russianchurch2/11.html |archive-date=June 6, 2013}}</ref> He was notorious for becoming the first church official to recognize a Poland-backed impostor False-Dmitry as a legitimate monarch, alleged Czar of [[Tsardom of Russia]], after meeting with his forces in [[Tula, Russia|Tula]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shubin |first=Daniel H. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55597177 |title=A history of Russian Christianity |date=2006 |publisher=Algora Pub |isbn=0-87586-287-X |location=New York |oclc=55597177}}</ref>

Around that time Ryazan ex-duchy became a home for various noble families, most notable of which are Lyapunovs, whose brothers [[Prokopy Petrovich Lyapunov|Prokopy]] and [[Zakhary Lyapunov|Zakhary Lyapunovs]] played a significant roles in shaping Russian history during Times of Troubles.

===Soviet Union===
{{See also|Ryazan miracle}}

During [[World War II]], Ryazan was repeatedly bombed by German [[Luftwaffe]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=В 30 километрах от линии фронта: чем жила Рязань в годы войны |trans-title=Within 30 Kilometers of Frontline: How Ryazan Lived Through War |url=https://progorod62.ru/news/15853 |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=progorod62.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Война: Рязанская область 1941 – 1945 гг |trans-title=War: Ryazan Oblast during 1941–1945 |url=https://regnum.ru/news/2940635.html |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=ИА REGNUM |language=ru}}</ref> Immediately after the war, rapid development of the city began, and it became a major industrial, scientific, and military center of the European part of Russia.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Атлас Регионов: Рязанская область |trans-title=Atlas of Regions: Ryazan Oblast |url=http://www.ecoross.ru/files/atlas/ryazan.shtml |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=www.ecoross.ru |publisher=[[Moscow State University]]}}</ref> On October 19, 1960 a [[Oil refinery|petroleum refinery]] produced its first gasoline.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2022 |title=АО «Рязанская нефтеперерабатывающая компания» |url=https://rnpk.rosneft.ru/about/Glance/OperationalStructure/Pererabotka/rnpk/}}</ref>

Ryazan housed the USSR's only producer of potato-harvesting equipment at the time. Ryazselmash factory ({{Langx|ru|Рязсельмаш|lit=Ryazan Countryside Machines}}), an accounting machines plant, and a heavy forging equipment plant, among others, were also built.<ref name=":2" />

Because of the city's industrialization, Ryazan Oblast's share of workers employed in the agrarian sector shifted into the industrial sector.<ref name=":2" />

Ryazan was developed as a military center, and became the main training center of the [[Soviet Airborne Forces]]. Several positioned [[man-portable air-defense system]]s protect the urban sky. Besides the Airborne School (at the time named after [[Kliment Voroshilov]]<ref name=":0"/>), Ryazan has the Automobile School and Institute of Communications, a regiment of [[Russian Railway Troops|railway troops]], airbase strategic bombers, and a training center in Diaghilev.

Ryazan developed particularly rapidly while Nadezhda Nikolaevna Chumakova served as Chair of the Council of People's Deputies of Ryazan and Ryazan mayor. Under Chumakova, the city's population increased from 72,000 to 520,000. Chumakova oversaw the construction of social and cultural amenities, more than 20 urban areas, and hundreds of kilometers of trolleybus, tram and bus routes. Landscaping became a fundamental strategy for the development of the city at that time. A "green" ring of forests, parks, and garden associations surrounded Ryazan, with large parks located in each area of the city, and compositions of flowers and vertical gardening became customary, not only for the main streets, but also for industrial zones and factory buildings. Ryazan repeatedly won recognition among the cities of the Soviet Union for its landscaping. During her 26 years in office, Chumakova often accepted awards of the [[Red Banner]] of the USSR on behalf of Ryazan.

===Post-Soviet period===
{{See also|Collapse of the Soviet Union|1998 Russian financial crisis}}
{{Update|section|date=October 2024}}

By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, more than half of the city's GDP was being exported into its [[satellite state]]s. In the 1990s, Ryazan experienced significant economic troubles as part of the [[1998 Russian financial crisis]], with many ex-Soviet and newly established companies going bankrupt by the end of the decade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Рязанская кинофабрика: триллер продолжается |url=https://mediaryazan.ru/articles/detail/164658.html |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=mediaryazan.ru |language=ru}}</ref> In September 1999, Ryazan suffered a series of attempted [[Russian apartment bombings|apartment bombings]] (see [[#Ryazan Incident|Ryazan Incident]] below). 

As of 2001, Ryazan remained significantly politically and economically influenced by the neighboring [[Moscow Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vardomskiy |first1=Leonid B. |last2=Wenger |first2=Andreas |last3=Perovic |first3=Jeronim |last4=Alexandrov |first4=Oleg |date=September 2001 |title=Foreign Economic Relations of Ryazan Oblast in the Context of a New Security Environment |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/430/doc_432_290_en.pdf |publisher=[[ETH Zurich]] |location=Zurich}}</ref>

== Culture ==

=== Architecture ===
{{Unsourced section|date=May 2025}} 
Ryazan's churches were built between the 15th and 19th centuries.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Lenin Street 57 2017-06 1497450946.jpg|Pochtovaya street.
File:Ryazan P5210580 2350.jpg|Old buildings in the city.
File:Ryazan. Summer Club of the Noble Assembly P5210632 2350.jpg|Noble Assembly Summer Club. After the [[Russian Revolution]] of 1917 it was renamed a Palace of people's arts.
</gallery>

===Community===
In 2006 and 2007, the Public Committee in Defense of the Historical and Architectural Museum "Ryazan Kremlin" campaigned against attempts by the [[Diocese of Voronezh]] to establish ownership over the [[Ryazan Kremlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2007 |title=Обращение общественного комитета в защиту Рязанского кремля |url=http://www.museum.ru/N32925 }}</ref>

A number of environmental groups are active in the city, campaigning for the removal of illegal landfills and volunteering for water area clean up. In 2019 and 2020, these groups organized and staged ecological pickets and protests.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-19 |title=Общественники объявили о готовности провести в Рязани экологический митинг за чистый воздух — Новости — город Рязань на городском сайте RZN.info |url=https://www.rzn.info/news/2021/8/19/obshestvenniki-obyavili-o-gotovnosti-provesti-v-ryazani-ekologicheskij-miting-za-chistyj-vozduh-238651.html |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=RZN.info |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=На пикет против загрязнения воздуха в Рязани пришло около 300 человек {{!}} Вид сбоку |url=https://vidsboku.com/news/na-piket-protiv-zagryazneniya-vozduha-v-ryazani-prishlo-okolo-300-chelovek |access-date=2022-01-12|website=vidsboku.com}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{Unsourced section|date=May 2025}} 
Ryazan is the seat of [[Diocese of Ryazan and Kasimov]], an [[eparchy]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Assumption Cathedral is in the city's [[Ryazan Kremlin]] section.

== Geography ==

=== Environment ===
As of 2021 an environmental pollution of air in the city remain relatively high.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Доклад об экологической ситуации на территории Рязанской области |trans-title=Report on environmental status of Ryazan Oblast |url=https://minprirody.ryazangov.ru/opendata/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%A0%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%202019%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment |location=Ryazan}}</ref> Excessive emissions of toxic fumes and gaseous substances such as [[sulfur dioxide]] (SO<sub>2</sub>) from neighbouring industries (i.e. oil refinery) located next to the city are often reported by local media.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-23 |title=Загрязнение воздуха в Рязани признали повышенным в октябре — Новости — город Рязань на городском сайте RZN.info |url=https://www.rzn.info/news/2020/11/23/zagryaznenie-vozduha-v-ryazani-priznali-povyshennym-v-oktyabre.html |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=RZN.info |language=ru}}</ref> In December 2020 local government was trying to address the problem by fining local commercial organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Информационная справка об экологической ситуации в г. Рязань |url=https://www.mnr.gov.ru/open_ministry/answers_to_collective_appeal/informatsionnaya_spravka_ob_ekologicheskoy_situatsii_v_g_ryazan/index.php?ELEMENT_CODE=informatsionnaya_spravka_ob_ekologicheskoy_situatsii_v_g_ryazan |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=www.mnr.gov.ru}}</ref>

===Climate===
Ryazan has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'').<ref name="Peel">{{cite journal |author=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson, B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |issn=1027-5606 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The highest temperature recorded is {{cvt|39.5|C|F}} in August 2010 while the lowest temperature recorded is {{cvt|-40.9|C|F}} in January 1940.<ref name="pogoda" />
{{Weather box
| location = Ryazan (1991–2020, extremes 1871–present)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 6.3
| Feb record high C = 7.5
| Mar record high C = 17.8
| Apr record high C = 29.0
| May record high C = 33.5
| Jun record high C = 36.7
| Jul record high C = 38.9
| Aug record high C = 39.5
| Sep record high C = 33.0
| Oct record high C = 24.2
| Nov record high C = 17.6
| Dec record high C = 8.9
| year record high C = 39.5
| Jan high C = -4.5
| Feb high C = -3.7
| Mar high C = 2.0
| Apr high C = 12.1
| May high C = 20.4
| Jun high C = 23.4
| Jul high C = 25.6
| Aug high C = 24.0
| Sep high C = 17.6
| Oct high C = 9.5
| Nov high C = 1.4
| Dec high C = -3.0
| year high C = 10.4
| Jan mean C = -7.4
| Feb mean C = -7.1
| Mar mean C = -1.8
| Apr mean C = 6.8
| May mean C = 14.0
| Jun mean C = 17.4
| Jul mean C = 19.6
| Aug mean C = 17.7
| Sep mean C = 12.2
| Oct mean C = 5.8
| Nov mean C = -1.1
| Dec mean C = -5.4
| year mean C = 5.9
| Jan low C = -10.1
| Feb low C = -10.2
| Mar low C = -5.2
| Apr low C = 2.4
| May low C = 8.4
| Jun low C = 11.9
| Jul low C = 14.2
| Aug low C = 12.5
| Sep low C = 8.0
| Oct low C = 2.8
| Nov low C = -3.2
| Dec low C = -8.0
| year low C = 2.0
| Jan record low C = -40.9
| Feb record low C = -34.8
| Mar record low C = -28.6
| Apr record low C = -18.6
| May record low C = -5.0
| Jun record low C = -1.8
| Jul record low C = 3.5
| Aug record low C = 0.4
| Sep record low C = -7.3
| Oct record low C = -14.6
| Nov record low C = -24.5
| Dec record low C = -39.7
| year record low C = -40.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 40
| Feb precipitation mm = 37
| Mar precipitation mm = 32
| Apr precipitation mm = 41
| May precipitation mm = 40
| Jun precipitation mm = 64
| Jul precipitation mm = 78
| Aug precipitation mm = 55
| Sep precipitation mm = 51
| Oct precipitation mm = 61
| Nov precipitation mm = 46
| Dec precipitation mm = 48
| year precipitation mm = 593
| Jan rain days = 4
| Feb rain days = 4
| Mar rain days = 5
| Apr rain days = 11
| May rain days = 13
| Jun rain days = 15
| Jul rain days = 14
| Aug rain days = 13
| Sep rain days = 14
| Oct rain days = 15
| Nov rain days = 11
| Dec rain days = 5
| year rain days = 124
| Jan snow days = 23
| Feb snow days = 20
| Mar snow days = 13
| Apr snow days = 4
| May snow days = 1
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0.4
| Oct snow days = 4
| Nov snow days = 14
| Dec snow days = 22
| year snow days = 101
| Jan humidity = 85
| Feb humidity = 82
| Mar humidity = 76
| Apr humidity = 67
| May humidity = 61
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 72
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 77
| Oct humidity = 82
| Nov humidity = 86
| Dec humidity = 85
| year humidity = 76
| source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name=pogoda>{{cite web |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/27730.htm |title=Weather and Climate-The Climate of Ryazan |language=ru |publisher=Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) |access-date=29 October 2021}}</ref>
}}

== Government ==
[[File:Здание Правительства Рязанской области..JPG|thumb|right|Ryazan Government building]]
The Ryazan city governing body is divided among City's legislature (Ryazan City Duma), City administration and district's courts. 

Executive powers of the city are administered by a city governour, his advisers and deputies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Структура администрации |url=https://admrzn.ru//vlasti-goroda/struktura-administratsii |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=Администрация города Рязани}}</ref> Formal control over activities of authorities is exercised by the Public Chamber of the city of Ryazan, who work with youth involved in the headquarters of youth activists. 

The City Duma is a local parliament authorized to make city-wide laws. It's divided into sub-committees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Структура. Рязанская городская Дума официальный сайт |url=http://www.rgdrzn.ru/pages/show/structura |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=www.rgdrzn.ru}}</ref> 

Ryazan is also a system of community councils areas which are deliberative bodies coordinating the work of services housing and communal services and the Department of Public Works on urban areas.

=== Regional authorities ===

The city also hosts different regional governing bodies: Ryazan Oblast Duma (regional parliament), Government and the Governor of the Ryazan Oblast. In two urban and one suburban residence being received at the highest level.

===Administrative and municipal status===
[[File:Ryazan_districts.svg|right|frameless|border]]
Ryazan is the [[administrative center]] of the [[oblast]]<ref name="Ref238">Law #128-OZ</ref> and, within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it also serves as the administrative center of [[Ryazansky District, Ryazan Oblast|Ryazansky District]], even though it is not a part of it.{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of regional significance of Ryazan<ref name="Ref238" />—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Ryazan Oblast|districts]].{{citation needed|date=April 2010}} As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the city is incorporated as Ryazan Urban Circuit.<ref name="Ref877">Law #75-OZ</ref>

=== City districts ===
The city of Ryazan is divided into four administrative districts:

*{{Background color|#ff8a8a|   }} Moskovsky (North-Western)
*{{Background color|#12ff12|   }} Oktyabrsky (Eastern) 
*{{Background color|#ff9292|   }} Sovetsky, including a separate Solotcha district (North Eastern)
*{{Background color|#ffff12|   }} Zheleznodorozhny (Southern)

===Protests===
In January 2021 the city saw a spike in protest activity. As many as 2000 people have participated in rallies in Ryazan alone as part of the [[2021 Russian protests]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-23 |title=Фоторепортаж. Протесты сторонников Навального в Рязани |trans-title=Photoreportage. Protests of Navalny supporters in Ryazan |url=https://www.rzn.info/news/2021/1/23/fotoreportazh-protesty-storonnikov-naval-nogo-v-ryazani-23-yanvarya.html |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=RZN.info |language=ru}}</ref>

==Education==
Important educational institutions in the city include:

*[[Ryazan State Radio Engineering University]] (RSREU)
**The university studies mechanical and electrical engineering, software development and others fields.
**As of 2016 RSREU in a joint mission with EPAM offered free courses in [[Software Testing Automation Framework|software testing automation]], [[Front-end web development|front-end web software development]] (C# and .NET), and programming in [[Java (programming language)|JAVA]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Рязанский государственный радиотехнический университет - Совместный учебный центр РГРТУ - EPAM |trans-title=Ryazan State Radio Engineering University - Joint study center RSREU-EPAM |url=http://www.rsreu.ru/vuz/structure/rgrtu-epam |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=www.rsreu.ru}}</ref> 
*[[Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School|Higher Paratrooper Command Academy]] (HPCA), Russia state-run [[military school]] training officers for the airborne forces. Because of HPCA the city is often referred as the "paratrooper capital" ({{Langx|ru|Столица ВДВ}}). In 2010 the institution discontinued enrollment to its paratrooping program, and now focuses on training professional sergeants for the [[Russian Armed Forces|armed forces]].<ref name="mt_ryazan" />
*[[Gorky Library (Ryazan)|Gorky Library]] serves Ryazan as well as Ryazan Oblast. It is the largest library in the region.
*[[Ryazan State Medical University]] (RSMU)
*[[Ryazan State University]]
*Various technological colleges

==Crime==

=== <span class="anchor" id="Slony"></span>1990s gangs ===
{{External media|float=right|image1=[https://garynevillegasm.com/images/zakon/ermolov-vyacheslav-evgenevich-slon-foto-biografiya_2.jpg Vyacheslav Ermolov], unknown date|image2=[https://kompromat1.pro/foto/articles_images/87000/87823_1.jpg Vyacheslav Ermolov] (left) with members of his gang, 1990s}}

Ryazan, like many cities in Russia after the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|collapse of the Soviet Union]], saw a rise in crime during the 1990s. {{Interlanguage link|Слоновская ОПГ|lt=Slonovskaya organized criminal group|ru}} ({{langx|ru|Слоновская ОПГ}}) (Slony for short), one of the [[Russian mafia|largest gangs]] in Russia, managed to [[monopolize]] the [[downtown]] area and the [[criminal underworld]] of Ryazan. The name is literally translated as "Elephants", after one of its leaders' height and power: Vyacheslav Ermolov Evgenievich (born 1962) nicknamed "Elephant". Before his criminal career started he was a taxi driver. The other leader was a personal driver of the vice prosecutor of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ermolov, Vyacheslav Evgenievich (Elephant): photo, biography |url=https://garynevillegasm.com/zakon/101435-ermolov-vyacheslav-evgenevich-slon-foto-biografiya.html |access-date=2022-01-10 |website=garynevillegasm.com}}</ref>

In 1991, the gang became heavily involved in the [[racketeering]] of newly-[[privatized]] industries, motor vehicle sales, [[real estate]], [[contract killings]] in other regions, participated in [[gang violence]], [[kidnapping]]s, and committed at least one armed attack on rivals which left eight or ten dead in November of 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=#Rodina RP {{!}} [RP Bio] Vyacheslav_Ermolov {{!}} [NEW] |url=https://forum.rodina-rp.com/threads/84212/ |access-date=2021-08-07|website=Форум – Rodina RolePlay|language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Вспоминая «лихие 90-е»: расстрел в баре «Сельмаша» |url=https://mediaryazan.ru/articles/detail/61267.html |access-date=2022-01-10 |website=mediaryazan.ru |language=ru}}</ref> 

According to Russian TV channel [[NTV (Russia)|NTV]], the gang was linked to local authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Охота на слонов'. Часть первая | website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGejZRjL39s |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807172422/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGejZRjL39s |archive-date=2021-08-07 |url-status=dead |access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref> By 1995, Slony managed to briefly seize control over almost the entire business community of Ryazan. This situation continued up until 1996 when local law enforcement managed to apprehend some suspects linked to the gang. By 2000 the gang was almost completely eliminated. Some members were either sentenced to jail or were on the run.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 18, 2004 |title=ЗАПЛЕЧНЫХ ДЕЛ ОПЕРА. РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ |url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2004/01/19/23241-zaplechnyh-del-opera |access-date=2021-08-07 |website=Новая газета |language=ru}}</ref> One member of the group allegedly committed suicide in a detention center of [[Tolyatti]] in 2016 and another in Ryazan according to Russian sources.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 1, 2016 |title=Охота на «слонов» |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2352092 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Slony's chief leader, Ermolov, was still wanted as of August 2021.<ref name=":1" />

In the same period, evidence was gathered against the former (4th) mayor and chairman of city [[duma]], {{Interlanguage link|Провоторов, Фёдор Иванович|lt=Fyodor Provotorov|ru}}. Provotorova held powerful positions in the city for eight years, and, according to local authorities, was associated with the activities of the Slony gang.

Besides Slony, there were two other powerful criminal groups which rivaled Slony and were active in 1996-2001: {{Ill|Осокинская организованная преступная группировка|lt=Osokyn's gang|ru}} and {{Interlanguage link|Айрапетовская организованная преступная группировка|lt=Airapetov's gang|ru}}. By the 2018 many of Elephants had served their prison terms and were freed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ОПГ Слонов отсидела кроме лидера Ермолова |url=https://kompromat1.pro/articles/87823-opg_slonov_otsidela_krome_lidera_ermolova |access-date=2022-01-10 |website=kompromat1.pro}}</ref> Some of members of the Osokyn's gang were sentenced up to 20 years in 2011. Its leader, who is currently a fugitive, was allegedly apprehended in 2016 by [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] authorities in Ukraine.

=== Ryazan Incident ===
In 1999 a group of allegedly plain-clothes [[FSB (Russia)|FSB]] officers attempted to blow up a building on the East side of the city. The event is known as the [[Ryazan Incident]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Foiled Attack or Failed Exercise? A Look at Ryazan 1999 |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/foiled-attack-or-failed-exercise-look-ryazan-1999 |access-date=June 12, 2021 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org|date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Keith |title=Vladimir Putin's lying game |url=http://theconversation.com/vladimir-putins-lying-game-100513 |access-date=June 13, 2021 |website=The Conversation |date=August 6, 2018}}</ref>

===2000s===
Today, the crime rate in Ryazan is one of the lowest among the cities of the [[Central Federal District]] according to the [[Russian Interior Ministry]]. In the first six-months of 2012, 579.6 crimes were reported per hundred-thousand people, almost half the Central Federal District average of 839 reported crimes per hundred-thousand people. The low crime rate in Ryazan is often attributed to increased number of police patrols, high number of military schools, and voluntary militias headquarters distributed throughout the city's districts.{{Cn|date=January 2022}}

==Economy==
[[File:Freight train ryazan region 2020.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Railroads supply local refining industry with petroleum.]]
[[File:AmaksRyazan.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|City hotel AMAKS.]]
[[File:Ryazan Mall Victoria Plaza.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Central Mall]]

Major industry enterprises in the city include a military radio electronics production plant and an [[Ryazan Refinery|oil refinery (subsidiary)]] of [[Rosneft]], JSC Ryazan Oil Refining Company).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Annual Report |url=https://www.rosneft.com/upload/site2/document_file/a_report_2019_eng.pdf |publisher=Rosneft}}</ref> The plant can refine 17 million metric tons of oil per year<ref name="mt_ryazan" /> and is the city's largest employer. 

Around a quarter of the city's population works in the electronics industry. The most notable company in this sector is Plazma, which produces plasma screens for products including tanks and locomotives. In 1994, the company created a 50-50 research and development joint-venture with the South Korean company Orion PDP. In addition to plasma technology, Plazma produces LCD screens, industrial gas lasers and medical lasers. The company exports its products to the [[United States]], [[China]], and [[Israel]], among others.<ref name="mt_ryazan">{{cite news |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/beyond_moscow/ryazan.html |title=Ryazan: Plasma Screens and Pavlov's Dogs |author=Anatoly Medetsky |publisher=The Moscow Times |date=26 Jun 2011}}</ref>

In 1993 [[software development]] company [[EPAM Systems]] entered the Ryazan market. As of 2016 it worked in joint venture with RSREU helping to teach students for free.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Рязанский государственный радиотехнический университет - Совместный учебный центр РГРТУ - EPAM |trans-title=Ryazan State Radio Engineering University - Joint study center RSREU-EPAM |url=http://www.rsreu.ru/vuz/structure/rgrtu-epam |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=www.rsreu.ru}}</ref> 

In 2012 Russian search giant [[Yandex]] launched the 40MW data center in [[Sasovo, Ryazan Oblast|Sasovo]]; it is expected to accommodate 100,000 servers by 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oleg Kovalyov at Yandex's data center |url=http://www.ryazanreg.ru/news/archive/2012/12681 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074031/http://www.ryazanreg.ru/news/archive/2012/12681 |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=April 1, 2014 |language=ru |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

A steel casting company in the northwestern section of the city produces heavy steelworks and product, including industrial steel pipes for use in [[nuclear power plant]]s. The plant employs a [[Centrifugal casting (industrial)|centrifugal casting]] method.{{cn|date=May 2022}}

=== Public transportation ===
A railway connects city to the Moscow (since 1864) via two train stations: {{Interlanguage link multi|Ryazan I|ru|3=Рязань I|vertical-align=sup}} and {{Interlanguage link multi|Ryazan II|ru|3=Рязань II|vertical-align=sup}}; both of which are part of the Ryazan railroad [[transit system]] within the city's borders.<ref>[http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_ryazan.html Train Station in Ryazan {{in lang|ru}}] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323173557/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_ryazan.html |date=March 23, 2012}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" class="center">
Ryazan LiAZ-5280 trolley 03-2014.jpg|A LiAZ-5280 [[trolleybus]] in Ryazan
Liaz-6212ryazan.jpg|LiAZ-6212 articulated bus
VL80S-1906+1573B, Russia, Ryazan region, Ryazhsk-I station (Trainpix 215018).jpg|Electric locomotives are common transportation used throughout Russia.
</gallery>
=== Airports ===
The [[Dyagilevo]] strategic bomber base is just west of the city, and the [[Alexandrovo air base]] is to the southeast, as is [[Turlatovo Airport]].

== Notable people ==

===Arts===
*[[Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov|Alexander Alexandrov]] (1883–1946), composer
*[[Erast Garin]] (1902–1980), comic actor
*[[Alexander Genis]] (born 1953), writer, broadcaster and cultural critic
*[[Yuri Kholopov]] (1932–2003), musicologist, music theorist, doctor of arts, and professor of the Moscow Conservatoire
*[[Maximilian Kravkov]] (1887–1937), writer
*[[Andrei Mironov (painter)|Andrei Mironov]] (born 1975), painter
*[[Konstantin Paustovsky]] (1892–1968), writer
*[[Alexander Pirogov]] (1899–1964), bass opera singer
*[[Yakov Polonsky]] (1819–1898), writer
*[[Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin]] (1826–1889), satirist
*[[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] (1918–2008), writer
*[[Sergei Yesenin]] (1895–1925), poet
*[[Semen Zhivago]] (1807–1863), historical painter

===Athletics===
*[[Anton Belov]] (born 1986), professional ice hockey defenceman
*[[Olga Kaliturina]] (born 1976), high jumper
*[[Maria Kalmykova]] (born 1978), basketball player
*[[Yuri Kuleshov]] (born 1981), professional football defensive midfielder
*[[Irina Meleshina]] (born 1982), long jumper
*[[Ivan Nifontov]] (born 1987), judoka
*[[Sergei Yuryevich Panov|Sergei Panov]] (born 1970), basketball player
*[[Konstantin Selyavin]] (born 1974), former Russian professional football player
*[[Kirill Sosunov]] (born 1975), long jumper
*[[Alexandra Trusova]] (born 2004), figure skater

===Engineering and science===
*[[Andrey Arkhangelsky]] (1879–1940), geologist
*[[Victor Balykin]] (born 1947), Russian physicist
*[[Vladimir Gulevich]] (1867–1933), biochemist
*[[Aleksei Kozhevnikov]] (1836–1902), neurologist and psychiatrist
*[[Nikolai Kravkov]] (1865–1924), pharmacologist
*[[Sergey Pavlovich Kravkov|Sergey P. Kravkov]] (1873–1938), soil scientist
*[[Sergey Vasilyevich Kravkov|Sergey V. Kravkov]] (1893–1951), psychologist and psychophysiologist
*[[Nataliia Lebedeva]] (1894–1978), ethnographer and anthropologist
*[[Andrey Markov]] (1856–1922), mathematician
*[[Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin|Ivan Michurin]] (1855–1935), biologist
*[[Sergey Nepobedimy]] (1921–2014), designer of rocket weaponry
*[[Ivan Pavlov]] (1849–1936), physiologist
*[[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]] (1857–1935), engineer

===Others===
*[[Dmitry Andreikin]] (born 1990), chess grandmaster
*[[Roman Putin]] (born 1977), businessman
*[[Lydia Fotiyeva]] (1881–1975), Bolshevik revolutionary

==Twin towns and sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Ryazan is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Города-партнёры/Cities-partners |url=http://rgdrzn.ru/pages/show/cities-partners |website=rgdrzn.ru |publisher=Ryazan |language=ru |access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandria]], Italy
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bressuire]], France
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]], Belarus
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Genoa]], Italy
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Lovech Municipality|Lovech]], Bulgaria
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Münster]], Germany
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[New Athos]], Georgia
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Ostrów Mazowiecka]], Poland
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Xuzhou]], China
{{div col end}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|rya|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|rya|mun|list|ryazan}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|rya|mun|list|ryazansky}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book |publisher=John Murray |publication-date = 1868 |publication-place = London |title=Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland |edition=2nd |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/handbookfortrav00michgoog#page/n280/mode/2up |chapter=Riazan |year=1868}}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Ryazan (government) |volume=23 |page=948 }}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Ryazan (town) |volume=23 |pages=948&ndash;949 }}

==External links==
*[http://www.admrzn.ru/ Official website of Ryazan] {{in lang|ru}} 
*[http://www.rzn.info/ Unofficial website of Ryazan] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://gorod.ryazan.ru/ Unofficial website of Ryazan region] {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060118030220/http://www.photo-city.info/ryazan/ Photos of Ryazan]
*[http://www.photo-city.ru/ryazan/ Photos of Ryazan] {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060617223545/http://photo-city.info/ryazan/Uspenskiy_cathedral/photos.html The Uspensky cathedral] (inside the Ryazan kremlin)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080604023429/http://www.photo-city.info/ryazan/Konstantinovo/photos.html Konstantinovo] (motherland of the [[Sergei Yesenin]]) and other photos.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711094732/http://www.gilevich.com/photo_galleries/Ryazan/359 Photos of historical part of Ryazan]

{{Ryazan Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ryazan| ]]
[[Category:Ryazansky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 11th century]]