View source for Ruth Alexander

{{short description|American female aviation pioneer}}
{{for|American sports educator|Ruth H. Alexander}}
{{Infobox aviator
|name=Ruth Blaney Alexander
|image=Ruth Blaney Alexander (4727886076).jpg
|image_size=
|caption=
|full_name=Ruth Blaney Alexander
|birth_date={{birth date|1905|5|18}}
|birth_place=[[Irving, Kansas]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1930|9|18|1905|5|18}}
|death_place=[[San Diego, California]]
|death_cause=
|nationality=[[United States|American]]
|spouse=
|relatives=
|known_for=Establishment of world and national records in altitude and distance
|first_flight_aircraft=
|first_flight_date=
|famous_flights=
|license_date=November 17, 1929
|license_place=[[San Diego, California]]
|air_force=
|battles=
|rank=
|awards=
}}

'''Ruth Blaney Alexander''' (May 18, 1905 &ndash; September 18, 1930) was an early American female pilot who set several records in altitude and distance in 1929 and 1930.

==Youth==
Ruth Blaney was raised in [[Irving, Kansas]], in Marshall County, by parents William T. and Lillian F. Blaney. She had a natural interest in mechanics and assisted her father who ran a hardware store. Her first flight in an airplane occurred on July 4, 1920, when she took a ride with a local barnstormer at the age of 15.<ref>{{cite news |last=Blaney |first=W. T. |title=Cloud Hopper: No. 3. Clipped Wings |newspaper=San Diego Sun |date=July 9, 1930}}</ref> Searching for her career path, she worked at a general store and at a beauty parlor near Kansas City. 

She married briefly in 1925 but the marriage was annulled soon afterwards. On June 16, 1925, she married Mac P. Alexander, a farmer from [[Olathe, Kansas]]. They lived together for two years, but separated due to irreconcilable differences. 

In roughly 1927, she fell from a horse, breaking her shoulder, several ribs, and several fingers. During her recovery, she nearly died from pneumonia but surprised her doctors by making a full recovery. After this, she divorced Mac Alexander, and moved to [[San Diego, California]], to pursue aviation. At the time, San Diego went by the nickname "Air Capital of the West."<ref>Alexander, Ruth, "Cloud Hopper: No. 4: Ambition," ''San Diego Sun'', July 10, 1930.</ref>

==Flight school==
Arriving in San Diego, Alexander worked as a beautician to save up sufficient funds for flight school. However, at precisely the same time, the editor of the local ''[[San Diego Sun]]'' newspaper announced a contest to encourage women's participation in aviation – the winner of the "Miss Air Capital of the West" contest would receive a free full course of instruction at the Ryan Flying School (normally costing $1375, roughly ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|1375|1929|r=-3}}}} in {{inflation-year|US}} dollars).<ref>Alexander, Ruth, "Cloud Hopper: No. 5: Opportunity," ''San Diego Sun'', July 11, 1930.</ref> She entered the contest along with approximately 60 other women and was one of the ten finalists,<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 7, 1929 |title=Loses Contest, But Girl to Learn Flying Anyway |newspaper=San Diego Sun}}</ref> but did not finish in the top three.  A 19-year-old San Diegan named [[Peaches Wallace]] placed first.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 31, 1929 |title=Miss Wallace Wins Contest|newspaper=San Diego Sun}}</ref>  However, Alexander was undaunted; she determined that she had saved enough to pay for her tuition and enrolled at the school.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 7, 1929 |title=Loses Contest, But Girl to Learn Flying Anyway |newspaper=San Diego Sun}}</ref> These activities were reported regularly in the ''San Diego Sun''. 

Her instruction began on September 9, 1929, at Ryan Field (Dutch Flats), the same airport from which [[Charles Lindbergh]] had used to start his journey in the ''Spirit of St. Louis'' in 1927. Alexander made her first solo flight on October 25, and completed her training on November 11, the first Kansan to graduate from the Ryan school. On November 17, she became the 65th licensed woman pilot in the US, also obtaining her FAI license the same day.<ref>Alexander, Ruth "Cloud Hopper: No. 6: First Chance," ''San Diego Sun'', July 12, 1930.</ref>

==World record for altitude==
Less than 24 hours after attaining her license, Alexander took off from Ryan Field on November 18 in a [[Great Lakes Aircraft Company|Great Lakes]] biplane and continued climbing to what she believed was an altitude of better than {{convert|18000|ft}} over the skies of San Diego. This was later recognized as a new official world record altitude for women in light planes of {{convert|15718|ft}}, generating considerable fame not only for herself but also for San Diego and the Ryan Flying School. She was hailed as a local hero and honored with a special banquet by the San Diego Chamber of Commerce on November 22, and met with Mayor [[Harry C. Clark]].<ref>"Coronado Girl Passes Rigid F.A.I. Tests Here; Will Go After Records," ''San Diego Sun'', November 18, 1929.</ref><ref>''Coronado Eagle and Journal'', November 20, 1929.</ref><ref>Alexander, Ruth "Girl Flyer Described Record Altitude Flight," ''San Diego Sun'', November 19, 1929.</ref> In December, she was flown on a special flight to [[Oakland, California]], for a special lunch in her honor with [[Amelia Earhart]]. After the lunch, Alexander was flown in a [[Ford Trimotor]] around the Bay area and offered the chance to pilot the aircraft, reportedly becoming the third woman in the US to do so.<ref>Alexander, Ruth "Cloud Hopper: No. 7: Fledgling," ''San Diego Sun'', July 14, 1930.</ref>

==Gliding==
After witnessing the gliding instruction of [[William Hawley Bowlus]] at Lindbergh Field in primary gliders,<ref>''Irving Leader'', January 17, 1930.</ref> Alexander expressed an interest in becoming the first woman in the US to earn a glider license. However, shortly thereafter, [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] visited San Diego and took instruction from Bowlus, becoming the first woman to receive a first-class glider license in the US. On February 16, 1930, Alexander qualified for a US second-class glider license from the slopes of Mount Soledad, near [[La Jolla, California]]. Using a primary{{clarify|date=February 2024|reason=What does "primary" mean?}} glider, Alexander made a perfect flight lasting 2 minutes {{frac|33|2|5}} seconds.<ref>''San Diego Sun'', February 17, 1930.</ref> In the spring of 1930, she became a glider instructor and, in so doing, became the first woman in the US to hold this position. She was a charter member of the Anne Lindbergh Gliders Club of San Diego and joined the [[Ninety-Nines]] organization of women pilots.

==Commercial pilot's license==
In March 1930, Alexander was granted a commercial pilot's license. Given her growing national fame, a contingent from Kansas travelled to California to meet her, including Kansas Governor [[Clyde M. Reed]]; other politicians; and Fred Trigg, the editor of the ''Kansas City Star''. Alexander's first official passenger was Governor Reed on a flight from Ryan Field.<ref>''San Diego Evening Tribune'', March 13, 1930.</ref>

==Another world record for altitude==
On July 4, 1930, Alexander flew a [[Nicholas-Beazley NB-3]] (Barling NB-3) light aircraft (serial number 52, U.S. Department of Commerce registration number 880M) to {{convert|21000|ft}}, though this was not confirmed as an official record owing to problems with the official barograph. Her altitude had exceeded the rating for the barograph drum.<ref>''San Diego Union'', July 4, 1930.</ref><ref>''San Diego Union'', July 5, 1930.</ref> On July 11, 1930, Alexander took off at 1:34&nbsp;p.m. in the same Barling from Lindbergh Field. After briefly losing consciousness at extreme altitudes despite using an oxygen tube, she established a new world record for light planes (for both men and women) of {{convert|26600|ft}}.<ref>''San Diego Union'', July 11, 1930.</ref><ref>''San Diego Sun'', July 12, 1930.</ref><ref>"Girl Flies Up 20,000 Feet," ''Irving Leader'', July 11, 1930.</ref> The previous American record had been set by D. S. Zimmerly (male) at an altitude of {{convert|24074|ft}} over [[St. Louis, Missouri]], on February 16, 1930.  Later in July, she became the first woman in the US to become an air deputy.<ref>"Ruth Alexander is First Woman Air Deputy in U.S.," ''San Diego Sun'', July 30, 1930.</ref>

==Three flags flights==
In July 1930, Alexander proposed to fly from Mexico to Canada via the U.S. – a "three flags flight" along the west coast air route. [[John Gilbert "Tex" Rankin|Tex Rankin]] had established a speed record over this route, and she wanted to break it. In addition, Alexander looked to become the first woman to make a round-trip flight from Canada to Mexico, and the first woman to fly from Canada to Mexico non-stop. Her northbound route started on August 27, 1930, from [[Agua Caliente, Tijuana]], Mexico, to San Diego and then Los Angeles. On August 28, she continued from Los Angeles to Oakland, then Portland. On August 29, she completed the northbound leg to Seattle before finally landing at Vancouver ([[Lulu Island]]).

The return leg on August 31 started at roughly 3:20&nbsp;a.m. from Vancouver and concluded back at Agua Caliente at 7:15&nbsp;p.m. for a total flight time of 15 hours, 54 minutes, 30 seconds. The {{convert|1460|mi|adj=on}} journey was flown at an average speed of {{convert|91.25|mph}}, which was the fastest time by a woman on the route but not faster than Rankin's 14 hours and 37 minutes. The flight earned NAA records for distance over a specified air route by a woman, and a speed record over the course by a woman.<ref>''San Diego Union'', August 31, 1930.</ref><ref>''San Diego Union'', September 2, 1930.</ref>

==Journey home==
In September 1930, Alexander wrote to her parents in Irving that she was planning to fly from San Diego to [[Wichita, Kansas]], continuing from there to New York City, with return stops at various cities on the east coast before returning to San Diego in October. Arrangements were made for her to meet the Lindberghs and the mayor of New York upon her arrival. Given the flight was sponsored by the Agua Caliente Company, the flight originated at the Agua Caliente Race Track before continuing to Lindbergh Field and then east to Wichita. Her takeoff from Agua Caliente at 1:05&nbsp;a.m. on September 18 was uneventful, leading to a landing at Lindbergh Field shortly thereafter. Topped off with fuel, she once again took off at 3:28&nbsp;a.m. from Lindbergh Field, but she entered low clouds and fog, is believed to have tip stalled,{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=What is a "tip stall"?}} and crashed at Plumosa Park in [[Loma Portal, San Diego]] just west of the airport.<ref>''San Diego Union'', September 18, 1930.</ref><ref>''Oakland Tribune'', September 18, 1930.</ref><ref>''Los Angeles Times'', September 18, 1930.</ref> The crash was at such a high speed that she died instantly upon impact. Her passing made local, national, and international news.<ref>''New York Times'', September 19, 1930.</ref><ref>''San Bernardino Sun'', September 19, 1930.</ref><ref>''The Advertiser'' (Adelaide), September 20, 1930.</ref><ref>Flight, September 26, 1930.</ref><ref>''Time'' magazine, September 29, 1929.</ref> She was eulogized as a "pioneer of the airways of this epic age". She was buried at Greenwood Cemetery in [[Blue Rapids, Kansas]].<ref>"Ruth Blaney Alexander," ''Advocate Democrat'', September 25, 1930.</ref><ref>"Left Pathos When Crashed to Death," ''Marshall Co. News'', September 26, 1930.</ref><ref>"Hall of Fame Beckoned to Ruth," ''Marshall Co. News'', September 26, 1930.</ref><ref>"Struggles Led the Way to Her Success," ''Marshall Co. News'', September 26, 1930.</ref>

During her aviation career, Ruth Alexander flew biplanes, monoplanes, transport aircraft, gliders, and even a Goodyear blimp.{{cn|date=February 2024}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==General references==
*Carlson, D (1978) "Women in San Diego...a History in Photographs" The Journal of San Diego History, Vo. XXIV, No. 3.
*Fogel, Gary (2001) "Wind and Wings: The History of Soaring in San Diego" RockReef Press, San Diego, California.
*Fogel, Gary and Lindemer, Grant (2007) "Ruth Blaney Alexander: A Dream of Wings" Quiet Flyer, Vol. No. 8, pp.&nbsp;22–27.
*Fogel, Gary (2019) "Ruth Blaney Alexander" AIAA SciTech 2019 Forum, San Diego, AIAA-2019-0122.

==External links==
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/sdasmarchives/tags/ruthblaneyalexander/ Ruth Alexander] at [[Flickr Commons]] via [[San Diego Air and Space Museum]]
*[http://www.womensoaring.org/hsarchive/hsnov2002.pdf Story on Ruth Alexander's gliding accomplishments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928170849/http://www.womensoaring.org/hsarchive/hsnov2002.pdf |date=2007-09-28 }}
* Burial Memorial - [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/108479989/ruth-elliott Find a Grave]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander, Ruth}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in California]]
[[Category:American aviation record holders]]
[[Category:American women aviation record holders]]
[[Category:American glider pilots]]
[[Category:American aviation pioneers]]
[[Category:Aviators from Kansas]]
[[Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States]]
[[Category:Flight altitude record holders]]
[[Category:Flight distance record holders]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1930]]
[[Category:20th-century American women]]