View source for Royal Netherlands Army

{{Short description|Land branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = Royal Netherlands Army
| native_name                   = {{native name|nl|paren=omit|Koninklijke Landmacht}}
| image                         = Kl-koninklijke-landmacht-4.svg
| image_size                    = 150px
| caption                       = Emblem of the Royal Netherlands Army
| start_date                    = {{start date and age|df=yes|1572}}
| country                       = {{flag|Netherlands|size=23px}}
| branch                        = 
| type                          = Army
| role                          = [[Ground warfare|Land warfare]]
| size                          = {{ubl|23,826 (2023):<ref name="number">{{cite web |title=Personnel Figures |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/overdefensie/het-verhaal-van-defensie/aantallen-personeel |website=defensie.nl |date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=16 August 2024}}</ref>|16,266 active|3,514 civilian|4,046 reserve}}
| command_structure             = [[Netherlands Armed Forces]]
| garrison                      = Kromhoutkazerne, [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]
| garrison_label                = Headquarters
| nickname                      = 
| motto                         = 
| march                         = 
| anniversaries                 = 
| battles                       = {{clist|title={{nobold|List of engagements}}|[[Eighty Years' War]]|[[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|Dano-Swedish War]]|[[Franco-Dutch War]]|[[Nine Years' War]]|[[War of the Spanish Succession]]|[[French Revolutionary Wars]]|[[Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland]]|[[Battle of Friedland]]|[[Peninsular War]]|[[French invasion of Russia]]|[[Hundred Days|Hundred Days War]]|[[Battle of Waterloo]]|[[Belgian Revolution]]|[[Second World War]]|[[Korean War]]|[[Indonesian National Revolution]]|[[Cold War]]|[[Operation Trikora]]|[[Gulf War]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defensie |first=Ministerie van |date=2017-09-12 |title=The Dutch contribution to the Gulf war - Historical missions - Defensie.nl |url=https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1990/the-gulf-war/dutch-contribution |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=english.defensie.nl |language=en-GB |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001141455/https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1990/the-gulf-war/dutch-contribution |url-status=live }}</ref>|[[Implementation Force]]|[[Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Stabilisation Force]]|[[Kosovo War]]|[[War on Terror]]|[[Iraq War]]|[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]|[[International military intervention against ISIL]]}}
| decorations                   = 
| battle_honours                = 
| battle_honours_label          = 
| website                       = <!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander             = Lieutenant-general [[Jan Swillens]]
| commander1                    = [[Lieutenant-general|Lt Gen]] [[Jan Swillens]]
| commander1_label              = [[Commander of the Royal Netherlands Army|Commander]]
| commander2                    = [[Major general|Maj Gen]] Jean Paul Duckers
| commander2_label              = [[Commander of the Royal Netherlands Army|Deputy commander]]
| commander3                    = [[Adjutant|AOO]] Cees Bielander
| commander3_label              = [[Adjutant|Army Adjutant]]
| notable_commanders            = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol         = [[File:Flag of the Royal Netherlands Army.svg|150px]]
| identification_symbol_label   = Flag
| identification_symbol_2       = [[File:Landmacht vlag.svg|150px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Flag used on government buildings
| identification_symbol_3       = [[File:Logo landmacht.svg|150px]]
| identification_symbol_3_label = Logo

}}

The '''Royal Netherlands Army''' ({{langx|nl|Koninklijke Landmacht}}, KL) is the [[Ground warfare|land branch]] of the [[Netherlands Armed Forces]]. Though the Royal Netherlands Army was raised on 9 January 1814, its origins date back to 1572, when the {{lang|nl|[[Dutch States Army|Staatse Leger]]}} was raised making the Dutch standing army one of the oldest in the world. It fought in the [[Napoleonic War]]s, [[World War II]], the [[Indonesian National Revolution|Indonesian War of Independence]] and the [[Korean War]], as well as served with [[NATO]] on the [[Cold War]] frontiers in [[West Germany]] from the 1950s to the 1990s.<ref name="landmacht" />

Since 1990, the army has been sent into the [[Iraq War]] (from 2003) and into the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]], as well as deployed in several United Nations' peacekeeping missions (notably with [[UNIFIL]] in Lebanon, [[UNPROFOR]] in [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] and [[MINUSMA]] in Mali).<ref name="missies">{{cite web |title=Missie-overzicht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/historische-missies/missie-overzicht |website=www.defensie.nl |date=28 August 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref>

The tasks of the Royal Netherlands Army are laid out in the [[Constitution of the Netherlands]]: defend the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (including the [[Dutch Caribbean]]) and all of its allies, protect and advance the international legal order and to support the (local) government in law enforcement, disaster relief and humanitarian aid, both nationally and internationally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taken van de krijgsmacht |url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/krijgsmacht/taken-van-de-krijgsmacht |website=www.rijksoverheid.nl |date=23 April 2014 |publisher=Rijksoverheid |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> The supreme authority over the [[Armed Forces of the Netherlands]] is exercised by the [[Politics of the Netherlands#Cabinet|government]] (consisting of the [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King]] and the [[Cabinet of the Netherlands|cabinet ministers]]); there is thus no constitutional [[Commander-in-chief|supreme commander]]. However, army personnel do swear allegiance to the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Dutch monarch]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Algemeen militair ambtenarenreglement |date=25 February 1982 |publisher=Overheid.nl |url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003482/2020-01-01 |access-date=16 May 2020 |chapter=11a. Integriteit |quote=Ik zweer trouw aan de Koning, gehoorzaamheid aan de wetten en onderwerping aan de krijgstucht. Zo waarlijk helpe mij God Almachtig}}</ref>

Dutch army doctrine strongly emphasises international co-operation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taken landmacht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/organisatie/landmacht/taken |website=www.defensie.nl |date=16 September 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> The Netherlands are a founding member of, and strong contributor to [[NATO]], while closely co-operating with fellow member states during [[European Union]]–led missions as well. Moreover, the successful Dutch-German military co-operation is seen as a harbinger of European defence integration, facing fewer linguistic and cultural issues than the comparable [[Franco-German Brigade]].<ref name="panzer">{{cite news |last1=Bennhold |first1=Katrin |title=A European Army? The Germans and Dutch Take a Small Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/20/world/europe/germany-defense-spending-european-army.html |access-date=16 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=20 February 2019}}</ref> The Netherlands cooperates with Germany in the Competence Centre Surface Based Air and Missile Defence (CC SABMD) at [[Ramstein Air Base]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Freek Groen and Maarten Katsman |date=30 March 2023 |title=Nederlands-Duitse samenwerking in luchtverdediging |url=https://militairespectator.nl/artikelen/nederlands-duitse-samenwerking-luchtverdediging |website=Militaire Spectator |language=Dutch}}</ref> In 2014, the [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11 Airmobile Brigade]] was integrated into the [[Rapid Forces Division]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Division Schnelle Kräfte |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/internationale-samenwerking/snelle-interventie-eenheden/duits-nederlandse-snelle-interventie-eenheid |website=www.defensie.nl |date=12 December 2016 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> in 2016, the Dutch-German [[414 Tank Battalion]] was integrated into the [[43rd Mechanized Brigade (Netherlands)|43rd Mechanised Brigade]], which was in turn integrated into the [[1st Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|1st Panzer Division]].<ref name="panzer" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/naval/2016/02/04/bundeswehr-sea-battalion-dutch-navy-integration/79845430/|title=German Armed Forces To Integrate Sea Battalion Into Dutch Navy|first=Lars|last=Hoffmann|date=8 August 2017|website=defensenews.com|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> In 2023, the final brigade of the Royal Netherlands Army, the [[13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)|13th Light Brigade]], was integrated into the [[10th Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|10th Panzer Division]] of the German [[Bundeswehr]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Darroch |first=Gordon |date=2023-02-01 |title=Netherlands to integrate last brigade into German army this year: NRC |url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2023/02/netherlands-to-integrate-last-brigade-into-german-army-this-year-nrc/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=DutchNews.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NACHRICHTEN |first=n-tv |title=Heer von Deutschland und Niederlanden nimmt Form an |url=https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Heer-von-Deutschland-und-Niederlanden-nimmt-Form-an-article24016029.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=n-tv.de |language=de}}</ref>

Additionally, the German [[Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1|Air Defence Missile Group 61]] ({{langx|de|Flugabwehrraketengruppe 61}}) was integrated into the Dutch Joint Ground-based Air Defence Command in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Duitse luchtverdedigingseenheid onder Nederlands bevel geplaatst |url=https://www.nu.nl/binnenland/5206952/duitse-luchtverdedigingseenheid-nederlands-bevel-geplaatst.html |access-date=16 May 2020 |work=NU.nl |date=4 April 2018}}</ref>

==History==
===Origins===
[[File:Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt - Maurits prins van Oranje-edit 1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Maurice, Prince of Orange|Maurice of Orange]] as portrayed by [[Michiel van Mierevelt]], between {{circa}} 1613–1620.]]
The Royal Netherlands Army was raised on 9 January 1814, but its origins date back to the founding of the {{lang|nl|[[Dutch States Army|Staatse Leger]]}} (the Army of the Dutch States) in 1572:  the creation of one of the first modern standing armies. Under the command of famous commanders such as [[Maurice, Prince of Orange|Maurice of Orange]] and [[William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg|William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg]], the army developed widely.<ref name="zwitzer">{{cite book |last1=Zwitzer |first1=H.L. |title='De militie van den staat': Het leger van de republiek der verenigde Nederlanden |date=1991 |publisher=Uitgeverij de Bataafsche Leeuw |isbn=9789068810202}}</ref><ref name="landmacht">{{cite journal |last1=Kamphuis |first1=P.H. |last2=Schoenmaker |first2=B. |title=200 jaar Koninklijke Landmacht: Van blooded tot blooded |journal=Militaire Spectator |date=2014 |volume=183 |issue=4 |url=https://www.militairespectator.nl/sites/default/files/uitgaven/inhoudsopgave/MS%204-2014%20Schoenmaker%20200%20jaar%20KL.pdf |access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=van Nimwegen |first1=Olaf |title=The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588–1688 |date=October 2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |location=London, United Kingdom |isbn=9781843835752}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Deen |first1=Femke |title=De professionalisering van het leger tijdens de Tachtigjarige Oorlog: 'De discipline was zo strikt als in een klooster' |journal=Historisch Nieuwsblad |date=January 2006 |url=https://www.historischnieuwsblad.nl/de-professionalisering-van-het-leger-tijdens-de-tachtigjarige-oorlog/ |access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref>

The [[Dutch States Army]] of the [[Dutch Republic]] saw action in the [[Eighty Years' War]], the [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|Dano-Swedish War]], the [[Franco-Dutch War]], the [[Nine Years' War]], the [[War of Spanish Succession]], the [[War of Austrian Succession]], as well as the [[French Revolutionary Wars]].<ref name="zwitzer" />

===French period (1795–1814)===
With the French conquest of the Netherlands, the {{lang|nl|Staatse Leger}} was replaced by the army of the [[Batavian Republic]] in 1795, which in turn was replaced by the army of the [[Kingdom of Holland]] in 1806.  This army fought beside the French, to repel the [[Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland]] in 1799 and to wage several campaigns in Germany, Austria, and Spain between 1800 and 1810; particularly notable were the engagements of the Horse Artillery (Korps Rijdende Artillerie) at the [[Battle of Friedland]] in 1807, the capture of the city of [[Stralsund]] in 1807 and 1809, and the participation of the [[Dutch Brigade (Peninsular War)|Dutch brigade]] in the [[Peninsular War]] between 1808 and 1810.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jacops |first1=Wiel |title='Eene onvermijdelijke noodzakelijkheid': 225 jaar rijdende artillerie 1793–2018 |date=2018 |publisher=Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie |location='s-Gravenhage |isbn=9789071957475}}</ref> The independent army was disbanded in 1810, when [[Napoleon]] decided to integrate the Netherlands into France ("{{lang|fr|La Hollande est reunie à l'Empire}}"):  Dutch military units became part of the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Armée]]}} (the present-day French [[126th Infantry Regiment (France)|126th Infantry Regiment]] has Dutch origins).<ref>{{cite book |last1=van der Spek |first1=Christiaan |title=Sous les armes: Het Hollandse leger in de Franse tijd (1806–1814) |date=2016 |publisher=Boom uitgevers |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789058756985}}</ref> Dutch military elements participated in the disastrous [[French invasion of Russia]] in 1812, and the actions of the Pontonniers company under Captain Benthien at the [[Berezina River]] ([[Battle of Berezina]]) are especially noteworthy.  New research points out that, contrary to long-held belief, around half of the Dutch contingent of the Grande Armée survived the Russian Campaign.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/6264505|title=The Dutch Experience and Memory of the Campaign of 1812: a Final Feat of Arms of the Dutch Imperial Contingent, or: the Resurrection of an Independent Dutch Armed Forces?|first=Mark Edward |last=Hay|journal=Napoleonic Scholarship Journal|date=December 2013|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Quatre Bras - Jan Willem Pieneman.jpg|thumb|left|''[[The Prince of Orange at Quatre Bras]]'' by [[Jan Willem Pieneman]], 1818. The future [[William II of the Netherlands|William II]] at the [[Battle of Quatre Bras]].]]

===Kingdom of the Netherlands (1814–1914)===
In 1814, a year after the return of [[William I of the Netherlands]] to [[Scheveningen]] and the [[Orangism (Netherlands)|Orangist]] uprising against Napoleonic rule, an independent Dutch army was reformed by the new [[Kingdom of the United Netherlands]].  Several militias of the [[Dutch States Army]] were integrated into this newly formed Netherlands Mobile Army, and it became an integral part of the allied army during the [[Hundred Days]] campaign that culminated in the [[Battle of Waterloo]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Snapper |first1=F. |title=De legervorming in Nederland tussen 1813 en 1940 |journal=Militaire Spectator |date=1972 |volume=01 |url=https://www.militairespectator.nl/sites/default/files/bestanden/uitgaven/1918/1972/1972-0411-01-0148.PDF |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> Units such as Baron Chassé's were essential to securing victory for the allied army.  The army was involved in various conflicts since 1814, including the [[Waterloo campaign]] (1815) and different colonial wars (1825–1925).<ref>{{cite web |title=Geschiedenis landmacht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/organisatie/landmacht/geschiedenis |website=www.defensie.nl |date=16 September 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>

During the [[Belgian Revolution]], from 1830 to 1832, the army was deployed to restore order in the southern provinces. After initial Dutch military success and widespread Belgian defeat during battles of the [[Ten Days' Campaign]], the Belgian rebels appealed to [[July Monarchy|France]] for military support. The severely outnumbered Dutch troops were forced to retreat when the French agreed to send reinforcements.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nater |first1=J.P. |title=De tiendaagse veldtocht: de Belgische opstand 1830/1831 |date=1980 |publisher=Fibula-Van Dishoeck |location=Haarlem |isbn=9022838684}}</ref>

===World wars (1914–1945)===
[[File:Mobilisatie 1939 Dutch soldiers on guard.jpg|thumb|Soldiers on guard in the inundated area of the [[Dutch Water Line]] during the mobilization of the army in 1939.]]
The Netherlands continued the policy of [[neutral country|neutrality]] during [[World War I]]. This stance arose partly from a strict policy of neutrality in international affairs that started in 1830 with the [[Belgian Revolution|secession of Belgium]]. Dutch neutrality was not guaranteed by the major powers in Europe however, nor was it a part of the Dutch constitution. The country's neutrality was based on the belief that its strategic position between the [[German Empire]], German-occupied Belgium, and the British guaranteed its safety. The Dutch military strategy was aimed exclusively at defence and rested to a large extent on the [[Dutch Water Line]], a defensive ring of rivers and lowland surrounding the core Dutch region of Holland, that could be inundated.<ref>{{cite web |title=1914–1940: Nederland neutraal |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/tijdlijn-militaire-geschiedenis/1914-1940-nederland-neutraal |date=7 June 2017 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="landmacht" />

At the beginning of the [[Second World War]], the I Corps was the force strategic reserve and was located in the Vesting Holland, around [[The Hague]], [[Leiden]], [[Haarlem]] and in the [[Westland (region), Netherlands|Westland]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Amersfoort |first1=Herman |last2=Kamphuis |first2=Piet |title=Mei 1940: De strijd op Nederlands grondgebied |date=2012 |publisher=Boom |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789461057020}}</ref> The [[Battle of the Netherlands|German invasion]] posed a complete surprise for the army command and shocked the Dutch population. While the Royal Netherlands Army initially managed to slow down the German advance and fought back in intense battles, such as the [[Battle for The Hague]], the [[Battle of Rotterdam]] and the [[Battle of the Afsluitdijk]], the devastating [[German bombing of Rotterdam]] and the threat of bombing the city of [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] forced the Dutch supreme command to capitulate.<ref name="loedejong">{{cite book |last1=de Jong |first1=Loe |title=Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog: 1939–1945 |date=1970 |publisher=Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie |location='s-Gravenhage |edition=Deel 3: Mei '40}}</ref>

The Royal Netherlands army was disbanded during the German occupation, however army personnel continued the battle against the German occupiers during the war. Army resistance began to rise again with the formation of the [[Princess Irene Brigade]] and [[No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando#No. 2 (Dutch) Troop|No. 2 (Dutch) Troop]] (predecessor to the [[Korps Commandotroepen]]) as part of the [[Free Dutch Forces]] in exile, and with army personnel active in the [[Dutch resistance]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Oprichting |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/historische-canons/historische-canon-garderegiment-fuseliers-prinses-irene/het-regiment-paraat/oprichting |website=www.defensie.nl |date=December 2017 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=No.2 (Dutch) Troop |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/historische-canons/historische-canon-korps-commando-troepen/het-korps-paraat/no.2-dutch-troop |website=www.defensie.nl |date=December 2017 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> In the East, the [[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army]] was defeated by the Japanese in 1942; few elements managed to escape. Today's army grew out of the wartime force, starting with the liberation of parts of the Netherlands in 1944; the Dutch had plans to contribute a 200,000 strong army to the defeat of Germany and Japan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Isby |first1=D. C. |last2=Kamps |first2=C. T. Jr. |title=Armies of NATO's Central Front |year=1985 |publisher=Jane's |location=London |isbn=978-0-7106-0341-8 |page=317}}</ref>

[[File:Drie_Nederlandse_militairen_tijdens_een_actie._De_brenschutter_richt_zijn_wapen_,_Bestanddeelnr_5561.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the 15th Infantry Regiment advancing on [[East-Java]] in 1948, the [[Bren]]-gunner adjusts his sights.]]

===Decolonisation and Cold War (1945–1991)===
====Dutch East Indies====
Between 1945 and 1949, the Royal Netherlands Army, which originally used mainly [[Oorlogsvrijwilligers|war volunteers]] but later was heavily dependent on conscripts, was deployed to the [[Dutch East Indies]] during the [[Indonesian War of Independence]]. To restore Dutch authority in the [[Dutch East Indies]], the expeditionary land force [[First Division "7 December"]] was established in 1946.<ref>{{cite web |title=1945–1949: Van Nederlands-Indië naar Indonesië |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/tijdlijn-militaire-geschiedenis/1945-1949-van-nederlands-indie-naar-indonesie |website=www.defensie.nl |date=7 June 2017 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> Approximately 25,000 volunteers and 95,000 conscripts were deployed to the East during the conflict, 4,751 servicemen were killed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harinck |first1=Christiaan |title=Wie telt de Indonesische doden? |url=https://www.groene.nl/artikel/wie-telt-de-indonesische-doden |access-date=17 May 2020 |work=De Groene Amsterdammer |date=26 July 2017}}</ref>

====Cold War====
[[File:Training militairen die in Unifil verband naar Libanon gaan, Bestanddeelnr 253-8082.jpg|left|thumb|Exercises of the Dutch Infantry Battalion in 1978]]
During the [[Korean War]], 4,748 members of the army, the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] and the [[Netherlands Marine Corps]] formed the {{lang|nl|Nederlands Detachement Verenigde Naties}} and were dispatched to East Asia to fight against the troops of the People's Republic of China and North Korea. 122 soldiers were killed in action, 3 soldiers went [[missing in action]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Klep |first1=Christ |last2=van Gils |first2=Richard |title=Van Korea tot Kabul: De Nederlandse militaire deelname aan vredesoperaties sinds 1945 |date=2005 |publisher=Sdu Uitgevers |location='s-Gravenhage |isbn=9012109159}}</ref>

[[File:Mechanisatie infanterie-523766.ogv|thumb|State Secretary of Defense Calmeyer, opens the new armored infantry education center in [[Veldhoven]] in 1963, after which light tanks of the type [[AMX-13]] and [[AMX-VCI]] tracked vehicles move by in a procession.]]
The [[I (Netherlands) Corps]] stood watch alongside its NATO allies in Germany during the Cold War. The corps consisted of three divisions during the 1980s, the 1st, 4th, and 5th (reserve) divisions.<ref>Structural details in 1985 can be seen at http://www.orbat85.nl/, accessed April 2012.</ref> It was part of the NATO [[Northern Army Group]]. The corps's war assignment, as formulated by Commander, [[Northern Army Group]] (COMNORTHAG), would be to:<ref>a-d quoted from Felius, Einde oefening. Infanterist tijdens de Koude Oorlog (Arnhem: Uitgeverij Quintijn, 2002), 305, via Hans Boersma, [http://www.orbat85.nl/order-of-battle/royal-army/1-nl-corps/1-lk.html I (NL) Corps], accessed 4 April 2012</ref>

*Assume responsibility for its corps sector and relieve 1st German Corps forces as soon as possible.
*Fight the covering force battle in accordance with COMNORTHAG's concept of operations.
*In the main defensive battle: (1) hold and destroy the forces of the enemy's leading armies conventionally as far east as possible, maintaining cohesion with 1 (GE) Corps; (2) in the event of a major penetration affecting 1 (NL) Corps sector, be prepared to hold the area between the roads A7 and B3 and to conduct a counterattack according to COMNORTHAG's concept of operations.
*Maintain cohesion with LANDJUT and secure NORTHAG's left flank in the Forward Combat Zone.

Dutch army troops have deployed to Lebanon as part of an international protection force since 1979 War in Lebanon, 1979–1985 [[UNIFIL]]. Of the 9,084 soldiers who served in Lebanon, 9 soldiers were killed in action.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/historische-missies/downloads/brochures/2010/05/25/united-nations-interim-force-in-lebanon-unifil |website=www.defensie.nl |date=25 May 2010 |publisher=Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> 

At the height of the Cold War the Dutch army had almost 1,000 tanks in service.<ref>{{cite web |author=Thomas Newdick |date=5 September 2024 |title=Dutch Decide To Bring Back Main Battle Tanks |url=https://www.twz.com/land/dutch-decide-to-bring-back-main-battle-tanks |website=The Warzone}}</ref>

[[File:Leopard 2 tank in Dutch service.jpg|thumb|left|Dutch [[Leopard 2]] [[main battle tank]] on the beach of [[Scheveningen]], 2008.]]

===Recent history (1991–present)===
The [[Revolutions of 1989|Fall of the Iron Curtain]] and the ensuing end of the Cold War has had a significant impact on the Dutch armed forces as a whole, but on the army in particular. Mandatory conscription was suspended and surplus equipment deemed unnecessary was sold. An airmobile brigade was formed and co-operation with allied countries, Germany in particular, was intensified. The [[I (Netherlands) Corps|I (NL) Corps]] was reduced to the [[First Division "7 December"]] in 1995, which became part of the newly established [[I. German/Dutch Corps]], and consequently the division headquarters itself was disbanded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=ten Cate |first1=Arthur |title=De laatste divisie: de geschiedenis van 1 Divisie '7 December' na de val van de Muur 1989–2004 |date=2004 |publisher=Sdu |location='s-Gravenhage |isbn=9012106699}}</ref> In addition, the army increasingly concentrated on peace-keeping and peace-enforcing operations and has been involved in several operations in the former [[Yugoslavia]] (1991–present), but also in Cambodia (1992–1994), Haiti (1995–1996), Cyprus (1998–1999), Eritrea and Ethiopia (2001), and most recent in Iraq (2003–2005), Afghanistan (2002–present), Chad (2008–2009) and Mali (2014–2019).<ref name="missies" />

As mentioned, [[peace dividend]] was collected throughout the 1990s, 2000s and early 2010s resulting in a dramatic downsizing in both budget and size. Of a total of 445 [[Leopard 2]] MBTs originally purchased, 114 tanks and 1 turret were sold to Austria, 100 to Canada, 57 to Norway, 1 driver training tank and 10 turrets to Germany and 38 to Portugal (1 driver training tank).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seegers |first1=Jules |title=Leopard-tanks toch verkocht, Defensie vindt in Finland alsnog koper |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2013/12/19/leopard-tanks-toch-verkocht-defensie-vindt-in-finland-alsnog-koper-a1428711 |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=NRC Handelsblad |date=19 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Verjaard materieel Defensie blijkt onverkoopbaar |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/verjaard-materieel-defensie-blijkt-onverkoopbaar~b9a65b2e/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=De Volkskrant |date=23 October 1998}}</ref> On 8 April 2011, the Dutch Ministry of Defense dissolved the last tank unit and sold the remaining Leopard tanks due another series of large budget cuts while also dismissing 6,000 servicemen and women.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/04/08/46180709/Defensie_hard_getroffen_door_bezuinigingen_video |title=Defensie hard getroffen door bezuinigingen (Video) &#124; Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=26 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807071458/http://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/04/08/46180709/Defensie_hard_getroffen_door_bezuinigingen_video |archive-date=7 August 2011 }}</ref> On 18 May 2011, the last Leopard 2 fired the final shot at the [[Bergen-Hohne Training Area]].<ref>[http://www.dvhn.nl/nieuws/drenthe/article6727686.ece/Laatste-schot-uit-Leopardtank dvhn.nl] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928093526/http://www.dvhn.nl/nieuws/drenthe/article6727686.ece/Laatste-schot-uit-Leopardtank |date=28 September 2011 }} {{in lang|nl}}</ref> In 2014, the Dutch defence budget hit a new low, 7.4&nbsp;billion euros (1.09% of GDP), resulting in the [[combat readiness]] of both personnel and equipment being subpar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Niewold |first1=Michaël |title=Zo slecht is ons legermaterieel |url=https://www.rtlz.nl/algemeen/economie/artikel/538106/zo-slecht-ons-legermaterieel |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=RTL Z |date=28 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Defensie-uitgaven verder afgenomen |url=https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2015/37/defensie-uitgaven-verder-afgenomen |website=www.cbs.nl |publisher=Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=11 September 2015}}</ref> The negative trend was broken from 2015 onwards due to a perceived shifting international security situation. The attitude towards defence changed, mainly caused by increasing tensions with Russia (caused by the [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17|downing of the MH17 flight]] and the [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexation of Crimea]]) and the [[History of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant#Islamic State (2014–present)|rise of the Islamic State]], resulting in the defence budget seeing an increase of over 50 percent between 2014 and 2020, amounting to 11.04&nbsp;billion euros (1.35% of GDP) in 2020.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walenkamp |first1=Keetje |title=Een strijd om de defensiebegroting |journal=Militaire Spectator |date=23 January 2017 |url=https://www.militairespectator.nl/thema/artikel/een-strijd-om-de-defensiebegroting |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> In September 2024 it was announced that the Netherlands will acquire new tanks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.trouw.nl/binnenland/de-tanks-die-nederland-wil-kopen-zijn-de-sterkste-beesten-op-het-slagveld~b6e1c646/ |title= De tanks die Nederland wil kopen, zijn ‘de sterkste beesten op het slagveld’ |author= Emiel Hakkenes |date=5 September 2024|website= Trouw |language=Dutch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2024/netherlands-officially-confirms-spectacular-strengthening-of-its-armed-forces |title= Netherlands Officially Confirms Spectacular Strengthening of Its Armed Forces. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=5 September 2024|website= Army Recognition }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2535701-nederland-krijgt-na-13-jaar-weer-eigen-tanks |title= Nederland krijgt na 13 jaar weer eigen tanks |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=3 September 2024|website= NOS |language=Dutch}}</ref>

====Bosnia====
Dutch army personnel was deployed to [[Bosnia]] between 1994 and 1995 to, as part of the UN peace force [[UNPROFOR]], to restrain the escalating ethnic violence of the [[Bosnian War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) en de United Nations Peace Forces (UNPF) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/historische-missies/downloads/brochures/2010/04/15/unprofor-en-unpf |website=www.defensie.nl |date=15 April 2010 |publisher=Nederlands Instituur voor Militaire historie |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> Three infantry battalion (known as [[Dutchbat]]s) of the, at the time, recently established [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11 Air Assault Brigade]] were sequentially deployed to guard the [[United Nations Safe Areas]] of any possible threats. This mission became infamous following the [[Siege of Srebrenica]] and the ensuing [[Srebrenica massacre]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Karremans |first1=Thom |title=Srebrenica Who Cares?: Een puzzel van de werkelijkheid |date=December 1998 |publisher=Arko Sports Media |isbn=9789072047540}}</ref> Bosnian Serb troops under the command of general [[Ratko Mladic]], sentenced to life imprisonment on accounts of participating in [[genocide]], [[crimes against humanity]], and [[war crimes]] in 2017,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bowcott |first1=Owen |last2=Borger |first2=Julian |title=Ratko Mladić convicted of war crimes and genocide at UN tribunal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/22/ratko-mladic-convicted-of-genocide-and-war-crimes-at-un-tribunal |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=22 November 2017}}</ref> invaded the enclave of [[Srebrenica]] and subsequently deported and massacred a large share of the present Bosniak men and boys.<ref>{{cite web |title=Srebrenica – Reconstruction, background, consequences and analyses of the fall of a 'safe' area |url=http://publications.niod.knaw.nl/publications/srebrenicareportniod_en.pdf |publisher=NIOD Institute for War-, Holocaust- and Genocide Studies |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=2002}}</ref>

====Iraq====
A contingent of 1,345 troops (comprising Army and [[Netherlands Marine Corps|Dutch Marines]], supported by [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]] helicopters) was deployed to Iraq in 2003, based at Camp Smitty near [[Samawah|As Samawah]] (Southern Iraq) with responsibility for the [[Muthanna Governorate|Muthanna]] Province, as part of the [[Multinational force in Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nederlands aandeel inzet Irak |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/historische-missies/missie-overzicht/2003/inzet-in-irak/nederlands-aandeel |website=www.defensie.nl |date=21 August 2018 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> On 1 June 2004, the Dutch government renewed their stay through 2005.<ref name="nimh" /> The Netherlands pulled its troops out of Iraq in March 2005, leaving half a dozen liaison officers until late 2005.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nederlandse missie in Irak officieel geëindigd |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/nederlandse-missie-in-irak-officieel-geeindigd~b33a6053/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=De Volkskrant |agency=ANP |date=7 March 2005}}</ref> The Netherlands [[Casualties of the Iraq War|lost two soldiers in separate attacks]].<ref name="nimh">{{cite web |title=Inzet in Irak |url=https://www.defensie.nl/binaries/defensie/documenten/brochures/2009/05/01/inzet-in-irak/inzet-in-irak.pdf |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>

From 2015 until the spring of 2018, Dutch [[special operations forces]] ([[Korps Commandotroepen|KCT]] and [[NLMARSOF]]) deployed advice and assist (A&A) teams to northern Iraq in co-operation with the Belgian [[Special Forces Group (Belgium)|Special Forces Group]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nederland wil samen met België IS bekampen achter front in Irak |url=https://www.gva.be/cnt/dmf20160909_02461193/nederland-wil-samen-met-belgie-isis-bekampen-achter-front-in-irak |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=Gazet van Antwerpen |date=9 September 2016}}</ref> During this deployment, they provided support to [[Kurdistan|Kurdish]] [[Peshmerga]] and [[Iraqi Army]] forces before, during and after operations in the [[International military intervention against ISIL|battle against ISIL]], as part of the [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=van Langendonck |first1=Gert |title=Instructeurs leren geharde peshmerga beter schieten |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2017/07/17/instructeurs-leren-geharde-peshmerga-beter-schieten-12131526-a1567020 |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=NRC Handelsblad |date=17 July 2017}}</ref> The Netherlands currently deploy approximately 60 troops to Iraq.<ref>{{cite web |title=Militaire bijdrage Nederland in Irak |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/missie-in-irak-en-oost-syrie/militaire-bijdrage |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>

====Afghanistan====
Between 2001 and 2003, a reinforced army company was deployed to Afghanistan to provide support in maintaining public order, and providing security in and around the capital [[Kabul]].<ref>{{cite news |title=De opbouw van ISAF in Afghanistan sinds 2001 |url=https://www.parool.nl/nieuws/de-opbouw-van-isaf-in-afghanistan-sinds-2001~b65e3883d/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=Het Parool |date=30 July 2010}}</ref> In addition, military assistance was provided to the [[Afghan National Army]] and to local security troops. The troops were deployed under the command of [[NATO]]'s [[International Security Assistance Force]] mission.
[[File:Uruzgan 2009.jpg|thumb|left|Dutch army forces searching a quala in [[Uruzgan]], Afghanistan in 2009.]]
Between 2006 and 2010, the Netherlands deployed personnel to southern Afghanistan.<ref name="uruz" /> Together with the [[Australian Defence Force|Australian armed forces]], Dutch forces were assigned the province of [[Uruzgan]] as their [[area of operations]]. In mid-2006, Dutch special forces of the [[Korps Commandotroepen]] as part of the Deployment Task Force successfully deployed to [[Tarin Kowt]] to lay the ground for the increasing numbers of [[Combat engineer|engineers]] who were due to build a base there.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dimitriu |first1=G.R. |last2=Tuinman |first2=G.P. |last3=van der Vorm |first3=M. |title=Operationele ontwikkeling van de Nederlandse Special Operations Forces, 2005–2010 |date=2012 |volume=108 |issue=3 |url=https://www.militairespectator.nl/sites/default/files/uitgaven/inhoudsopgave/MS%203-2012%20Van%20der%20Vorm%20Nederlandse%20Special%20Operations%20Forces.pdf |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> By August 2006 the Netherlands had deployed the majority of 1,400 troops to [[Uruzgan]] province in southern Afghanistan at [[Multi National Base Tarin Kot]] (Kamp Holland) in [[Tarinkot|Tarin Kowt]] (1,200) and Kamp Hadrian in [[Deh Rahwod]] (200).<ref name="uruz">{{cite web |title=Eindevaluatie Nederlandse bijdrage aan ISAF, 2006 – 2010 |url=https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/detail?id=2011Z18859&did=2011D46975 |website=www.tweedekamer.nl |publisher=Cabinet of the Netherlands |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=28 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Derksen |first1=Sebastiaan |title=De Nederlandse missie in Uruzgan: 'COIN gekortwiekt?' |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/31900/EINDTHESIS%20DERKSEN%20S1073656.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=5 May 2020 |publisher=Universiteit Leiden}}</ref> [[PzH 2000]] self-propelled artillery pieces were deployed and used in combat for the first time.<ref name="chora" /> The Dutch forces operated under the command of the [[ISAF]] [[Task Force Uruzgan]] and were involved in some of the more intensive [[Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006|combat operations]] in southern Afghanistan, including [[Operation Medusa]] and the [[Battle of Chora]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nederlanders vochten mee in operatie Medusa |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/nederlanders-vochten-mee-in-operatie-medusa~b7edf0e0/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=De Volkskrant |agency=ANP |date=15 September 2006}}</ref><ref name="chora">{{cite journal |last1=Vrijsen |first1=Eric |title=Het gevecht om Chora |journal=[[Elsevier (magazine)|Elsevier]] |date=5 January 2008 |volume=1 |url=https://cdn.prod.elseone.nl/uploads/2018/06/Chora.pdf |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> On 18 April 2008, the second day of his command, the son of the [[Commander of the Royal Netherlands Army]] Lieutenant-general [[Peter van Uhm]], Lieutenant Dennis van Uhm, was one of two servicemen killed by a road side explosion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Son of Top Dutch General Is Killed in Afghanistan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/19/world/asia/19afghanistan.html |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=19 April 2008}}</ref> As of 1 September 2008, the Netherlands had a total of 1,770 troops in Afghanistan excluding special forces troops.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISAF Key Fact and Figures Placemat |url=https://www.nato.int/isaf/placemats_archive/2008-09-01-ISAF-Placemat.pdf |website=www.nato.int |publisher=NATO |access-date=5 May 2020 |date=1 September 2008}}</ref> In total, 25 Dutch servicemen were [[killed in action]] during the deployment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Afghanistan |url=https://www.nlveteraneninstituut.nl/missie/afghanistan/ |website=www.nlveteraneninstituut.nl |publisher=Nederlands Veteraneninstituut (NLVi) |access-date=14 January 2022 |date=2 October 2014}}</ref> All Dutch troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan by August 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Einde missie Uruzgan: kleine ceremonie |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/einde-missie-uruzgan-kleine-ceremonie~bd27a701/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=De Volkskrant |agency=ANP |date=30 July 2010}}</ref>

Since 2015, 160 Dutch troops from the [[Korps Commandotroepen]] (rotated with [[NLMARSOF]]) and multiple support elements are deployed to the Afghan city of [[Mazar-e-Sharif]] as part of [[NATO]]'s [[Resolute Support Mission]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nederlandse bijdrage Resolute Support |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/missie-in-afghanistan/resolute-support |website=www.defensie.nl |date=11 December 2018 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> Dutch troops co-operate with personnel of the German [[Kommando Spezialkräfte]] as part of the German-Dutch lead Special Operations Advisory Team (SOAT). The SOAT provides advice and assistance during operations to an Afghan [[police tactical unit]], the Afghan Territorial Force-888 (ATF-888).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brasser |first1=Bianca |title=KCT mee met Afghanen: Shana ba shana |journal=Landmacht |date=7 May 2019 |volume=04 |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/landmacht/2019/04/04_kct_mee_met_afghanen_04-2019 |access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> The SOAT has been granted authority to deploy in the entirety of Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nederlandse commando's in heel Afghanistan |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/3645074/nederlandse-commando-s-in-heel-afghanistan |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=De Telegraaf |date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

====Mali====
[[File:Luchtmobiele brigade mali.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11th Airmobile Brigade]] disembark a [[CH-47 Chinook]] helicopter during a long-range reconnaissance patrol, north of [[Gao]], Mali.]]
Special forces of the [[Korps Commandotroepen]] have been deployed to Mali since 2014 as part of the UN-mission [[United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali|MINUSMA]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Ridder |first1=Marlous |title=Commando's welkom in Gao: Special Forces nog nooit zo in de openbaarheid |journal=Landmacht |date=10 June 2014 |volume=05 |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/landmacht/2014/05/artikel-mali-repo |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> The primary task of the Dutch forces has been to gather intelligence concerning local Islamist groups and to protect the people of Mali against radical Islamist groups.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kuijl |first1=Wouter |title=De All-Sources Information Fusion Unit in Mali en de Dutch Approach |journal=Militaire Spectator |date=23 January 2019 |volume=188 |issue=1 |url=https://www.militairespectator.nl/thema/operaties/artikel/de-all-sources-information-fusion-unit-mali-en-de-dutch-approach |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> Since 2016, personnel of [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11th Airmobile Brigade]] and [[13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)|13th Light Brigade]] have been included in rotations. On 6 July 2016, two servicemen of 11 Airmobile Brigade were killed during a mortar firing exercise, a third serviceman was severely wounded.<ref>{{cite news |title=Militairen Luchtmobiele Brigade sluiten missie in Mali af |url=https://www.rtvdrenthe.nl/nieuws/146864/Militairen-Luchtmobiele-Brigade-sluiten-missie-in-Mali-af |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=RTV Drenthe |date=28 April 2019}}</ref> The incident lead to the resignation of the [[Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)|minister of Defence]] [[Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert]] and [[Chief of Defence (Netherlands)|Chief of Defence]] [[Tom Middendorp]] after a critical report by the [[Dutch Safety Board]] found that the safety-standards were subpar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dutch minister resigns over deaths of Mali peacekeepers |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41498523 |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=BBC News |date=4 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mortierongeval Mali |url=https://www.onderzoeksraad.nl/nl/page/4401/mortierongeval-mali |publisher=Onderzoeksraad voor Veiligheid (Dutch Safety Board) |access-date=2 May 2020 |date=28 September 2017}}</ref> The Netherlands have ended their troop contribution to the peacekeeping mission in May 2019 to send troops to Afghanistan instead.<ref>{{cite news |last1=van 't Einde |first1=Tom |title=Missie in Mali voorbij, militairen terug naar Nederland |url=https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/item/missie-in-mali-voorbij-militairen-terug-naar-nederland/ |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=EenVandaag |publisher=AVROTROS |date=1 May 2019}}</ref>

====Lithuania====
The [[cabinet of the Netherlands]] announced in 2016 that the Netherlands would contribute troops to the [[NATO Enhanced Forward Presence]] mission in Lithuania<ref>{{cite news |title=200 Nederlandse militairen naar Litouwen |url=https://www.lc.nl/binnenland/200-Nederlandse-militairen-naar-Litouwen-21482191.html |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=Leeuwarder Courant |date=6 July 2016}}</ref> to protect and reassure countries on [[NATO]]'s eastern flank—[[Baltic countries]] and Poland in particular—of their security following increased political tensions sparked by the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Akkerman |first1=Floris |title=De NAVO in Litouwen: "Wat zou Rusland toch moeten met ons?" |url=https://www.rd.nl/vandaag/buitenland/de-navo-in-litouwen-wat-zou-rusland-toch-moeten-met-ons-1.1537545 |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=Reformatorisch Dagblad |date=29 December 2018}}</ref> The Dutch contribution currently equates to approximately 270 troops, integrated into a multinatinational battle group that is headed by Germany.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oostflank NAVO-gebied: Wat doet Nederland? |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/oostflank-navo-gebied/wat-doet-nederland |website=www.defensie.nl |date=7 February 2020 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> Each rotation is composed of armoured infantry companies equipped with [[CV90]]35NL [[infantry fighting vehicle|IFV]]s and [[Boxer MRAV|Boxer]] [[Armoured fighting vehicle|AFVs]], or artillery batteries equipped with [[Panzerhaubitze 2000|PzH 2000NL]] [[Self-propelled gun|self-propelled howitzers]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Selles |first1=Jaap |title=Kanonnen uit 't Harde moeten half jaar Russen op afstand houden in Litouwen |url=https://www.destentor.nl/elburg/kanonnen-uit-t-harde-moeten-half-jaar-russen-op-afstand-houden-in-litouwen~a19f0a01/ |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=De Stentor |date=6 January 2020}}</ref>

==Structure==
{{main|Structure of the Royal Netherlands Army}}

The core fighting element of the army consists of three brigades: [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11 Airmobile Brigade]], [[13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)|13 Light Brigade]] and [[43rd Mechanized Brigade (Netherlands)|43 Mechanised Brigade]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Organisatiestructuur landmacht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/organisatie/landmacht/organisatiestructuur |website=www.defensie.nl |date=16 September 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> The number of full-time professional personnel is 21,225, in addition to around 4,046 reservists.<ref name="number" /> The Royal Netherlands Army is a volunteer force; compulsory military service has not been abolished but has been suspended.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dienstplicht |url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/defensiepersoneel/dienstplicht |website=www.rijksoverheid.nl |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=Rijksoverheid |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> The other three services, (the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]], [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]] and [[Royal Marechaussee]]), are fully volunteer forces as well.
{{Location map many | Netherlands
| width = 250
| float = right
| caption = {{center|'''Brigade locations in 2020'''}}
| label = <small>{{nowrap|[[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11 Airmobile Bde.]]}}</small>
  | marksize = 8
  | pos = right
  | bg = white
  | lat_deg = 51 | lat_min = 59
  | lon_deg = 05 | lon_min = 55
| label2 = <small>{{nowrap|[[13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)|13 Light Bde.]]}}</small>
  | mark2size = 8
  | pos2 = left
  | bg2 = white
  | lat2_deg = 51 | lat2_min = 31
  | lon2_deg = 05 | lon2_min = 19
| label3 = <small>{{nowrap|[[43rd Mechanized Brigade (Netherlands)|43 Mechanised Bde.]]}}</small>
  | mark3size = 8
  | pos3 = left
  | bg3 = white
  | lat3_deg = 52 | lat3_min = 46
  | lon3_deg = 06 | lon3_min = 14
}}

* [[File:Staf Commando Landstrijdkrachten embleem.svg|30px]] '''Land Forces Headquarters''', in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]
** [[File:Embleem 11 Luchtmobiele Brigade.svg|30px]] [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11 Airmobile Brigade]], in [[Schaarsbergen]]
** [[File:13 Lichte Brigade embleem embleem.svg|30px]] [[13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)|13 Light Brigade]], in [[Oirschot]]
** [[File:Embleem 43 Gemechaniseerde Brigade.svg|30px]] [[43rd Mechanized Brigade (Netherlands)|43 Mechanised Brigade]], in [[Havelte]]
** [[File:Kl-korps-commandotroepen-kct.svg|30px]] [[Korps Commandotroepen]], in [[Roosendaal]]
** [[File:1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg|30px]] [[I. German/Dutch Corps|1 (GE/NL) Corps]], in [[Münster]] (Germany)
** [[File:Defensie Grondgebonden Luchtverdedigings Commando embleem.svg|30px]] [[Joint Ground-based Air Defence Command]], in [[Vredepeel]]
** [[File:Embleem Operationeel Ondersteuningscommando Land.svg|30px]] [[Operational Support Command Land]], in [[Apeldoorn]]
** [[File:Materieel Logistiek Commando Land embleem.svg|30px]] Army Materiel Logistic Command, in [[Utrecht]]
** [[File:Opleidings- en Trainingscommando embleem.svg|30px]] Education and Training Command, in [[Amersfoort]]

== Traditions ==
Besides the hierarchical organisation, the Royal Netherlands Army upholds a traditional organisation in which a distinction exists between arms of services. This organisation is purely ceremonial. Generally speaking, combat and combat support units are organised in arms, and support units are organised in services.<ref name="regi">{{cite web |author1=Koning Willem-Alexander |title=Traditiebesluit Koninklijke Landmacht |url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0038194/2016-07-01 |website=Overheid.nl |publisher=www.overheid.nl |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=2 June 2016}}</ref> There are two exceptions: the Engineers and the Signals Service.

The arms and services can in turn be further divided into one, or multiple regiments. These administrative organisations safeguard the traditions of the operational units. Before the [[Second World War]], regiments were merely given a number, with the exception of the {{lang|nl|Grenadiers}} and {{lang|nl|Jagers}} regiments. Since the 1950s however, the regiments were given a historical name.  The function of a regiment is strictly ceremonial, and is intended to increase ''[[esprit de corps]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Calmeyer |first1=M.R.H. |title=De Koninklijke Landmacht na de bevrijding: terugblik en uitblik |journal=Militaire Spectator |date=1948 |url=https://www.militairespectator.nl/sites/default/files/bestanden/uitgaven/1918/1948/1948-0293-01-0084.PDF |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>

=== Arms ===
The Royal Netherlands Army consists of the following arms, and subsequent regiments and corps:<ref name="regi" />

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left"
!colspan=5|
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" | Regiment
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Unit
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width: 10%;" | Insignia
! scope="col" style="width: 45%;" | Notes
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Infantry Arm (Foot guards)
|-
| [[Garderegiment Grenadiers en Jagers]] || 11 Infantry Battalion || 1995 || [[File:Baretembleem-Grenadiers.jpg|125px]]<br>[[File:Baretembleem-Garde-Jagers.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1995 through amalgamation of two regiments which were formed in 1829.
|-
| [[Garderegiment Fuseliers Prinses Irene]] || 17 Armoured Infantry Battalion || 1941 || [[File:Baretembleem-Prinses-Irene.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1941.
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Infantry Arm (Line infantry)
|-
| [[Regiment Infanterie Johan Willem Friso]] || 44 Armoured Infantry Battalion || 1813 || [[File:Baretembleem-JWF.jpg|125px]] || Former 1st and 9th Infantry Regiment, established in 1813.
|-
| [[Regiment Infanterie Oranje Gelderland]] || 45 Armoured Infantry Battalion || 1813 || [[File:Baretembleem-Oranje-Gelderland.jpg|125px]] || Former 5th and 8th Infantry Regiment, established in 1813.
|-
| [[Regiment Limburgse Jagers]] || 42 Armoured Infantry Battalion || 1813 || [[File:Baretembleem Limburgse Jagers 1e model.jpg|125px]] || Former 2nd, 6th and 11th Infantry Regiment, established in 1813.
|-
| [[Regiment Van Heutsz]] || 12 Infantry Battalion || 1832 || [[File:Baretembleem-Heutsz.jpg|125px]] || Maintains traditions of the disbanded [[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army]] and the Netherlands Detachment United Nations which fought in the [[Korean War]], established in 1832 although origins date back to 1814.
|-
| [[Korps Nationale Reserve]] || • 10 Infantry Battalion <br>• 20 Infantry Battalion<br>• 30 Infantry Battalion|| 1914 || [[File:Baretembleem-Natres.jpg|125px]] || Maintains traditions of the [[Landsturm|Volunteer Landstorm]], established in 1914.
|-
| [[Korps Commandotroepen]] || [[Korps Commandotroepen]] || 1942 || [[File:Baretembleem-Commandos.jpg|125px]] || Successor to [[No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando#No. 2 (Dutch) Troop|No. 2 (Dutch) Troop]] and [[Korps Speciale Troepen]], established in 1942.
|-
| [[Regiment Stoottroepen Prins Bernhard]] || 13 Infantry Battalion || 1944 || [[File:Baretembleem-Stoottroepen.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1944 by amalgation of several resistance groups.
|-
| Regiment Infanterie Menno van Coehoorn || Disbanded || 1950 || [[File:Menno van coehoorn-1528729885.PNG|125px]] || Former 3rd Infantry Regiment, disbanded in 1997.
|-
| Regiment Infanterie Chassé || Disbanded || 1950 || [[File:Baretembleem Chasse.jpg|125px]] || Former 7th and 10th Infantry Regiment, disbanded in 1995.
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Cavalry Arm
|-
| [[Regiment Huzaren Van Boreel]] || • 11 Brigade Reconnaissance Squadron<br>• [[42 Brigade Reconnaissance Squadron]]<br>• 43 Brigade Reconnaissance Squadron<br>• 104 JISTARC Reconnaissance Squadron || 1813 || [[File:Baretembleem Regiment Huzaren van Boreel (zwaluwstaart).jpg|125px]] || Former 4th Hussars Regiment. Established in 1813 while its origins date back to 1585. – Reconnaissance/ISTAR
|-
| [[Regiment Huzaren Prins Alexander]] || Disbanded || 1950 || [[File:Regiment Huzaren Prins Alexander.jpg|125px]] || Former 3rd Hussar Regiment, the regiment was disbanded in November 2007. The maintenance of regimental traditions was transferred to the Regiment Huzaren van Boreel. The regiment was permanently disbanded by royal decree on 2 June 2016.
|-
| [[Regiment Huzaren Van Sytzama]] || Disbanded || 1951 || [[File:Baretembleem Huzaren van Sytzama.jpg|125px]] || Former 1st Hussar Regiment, disbanded in May 2011. The maintenance of regimental traditions was transferred to the Regiment Huzaren van Boreel. The regiment was formally re-established by royal decree on 2 June 2016. Disbanded 2020.
|-
| [[Regiment Huzaren Prins van Oranje]] || Disbanded || 1979 || [[File:Baretembleem Huzaren van Prins van Oranje.jpg|125px]] || Former 2nd Hussar Regiment, disbanded in September 2012. The maintenance of regimental traditions was transferred to the Regiment Huzaren van Boreel. The regiment was formally re-established by royal decree on 2 June 2016. Disbanded 2020
|-
| [[Regiment Huzaren Prinses Catharina-Amalia]] || 4th Tank Company, [[414 Tank Battalion]] || 2020 || [[File:Baretembleem Regiment Huzaren Prinses Catharina-Amalia.jpg|125px]] || The regiment was formally established by royal decree on 20 November 2020. At the same time Regiment Huzaren Prins Alexander, Regiment Huzaren Van Sytzama and Regiment Huzaren Prins van Oranje have been disbanded.
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Artillery Arm
|-
| [[Royal Netherlands Army Artillery|Korps Veldartillerie]] || • A Battery of 41 Artillery Battalion<br>• B Battery of 41 Artillery Battalion<br>• D Battery of 41 Artillery Battalion || 1677 || [[File:Baretembleem Korps Veldartillerie.jpg|125px]] || [[Field artillery]] corps, established in 1677. Currently operates [[PzH 2000]]NL [[Self-propelled gun|self-propelled howitzers]].
|-
| [[Royal Netherlands Army Artillery|Korps Rijdende Artillerie]] || • Staff Battery of 41 Artillery Battalion<br>• C Battery of 41 Artillery Battalion || 1793 || [[File:Embleem Kwartiermuts KRA.jpg|125px]] || [[Horse artillery]] corps, established in 1793. Currently operates [[Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1|120mm Rayé Tracté]] [[Mortar (weapon)|heavy mortars]].
|-
| [[Royal Netherlands Army Artillery|Korps Luchtdoelartillerie]] || 13th Air Defense Battery || 1917 || [[File:Baretembleem Luchtdoelartillerie.jpg|125px]] || [[Anti-aircraft warfare|Air defence artillery]] corps, established in 1917. Currently operates [[NASAMS 2]] medium range [[surface-to-air missile]]s, [[Fennek]] [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger Weapon Platforms]], and TRML systems.
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Engineer Arm
|-
| Regiment Genietroepen || • 11 Engineer Company<br>• 41 Armoured Engineer Battalion<br>• 11 Armoured Engineer Battalion<br>• 101 Engineer Battalion || 1748 || [[File:Baretembleem-Genie.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1748.
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Signals Arm
|-
| Regiment Verbindingstroepen || • Command & Control Support Command<br>• 102 Electronic Warfare Company || 1874 || [[File:Vbdd-ebl.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1874.
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Information Manoeuvre Arm
|-
| [[Korps Inlichtingen & Veiligheid Prinses Alexia]] || • Joint ISTAR Command<br>• Defense Intelligence and Security Institute || 2020 || [[File:Baretembleem_Korps_Inlichtingen_en_Veiligheid_Prinses_Alexia.jpg|125px]] || Established in 2020. Successor of 101 MI Coy (est. 1954).
|-
| [[Korps Communicatie & Engagement Prinses Ariane]] || • 1 CMI Command<br> || 2020 || [[File:Baretembleem Korps Communicatie en Engagement Prinses Ariane.jpg|125px]] || Established in 2020.
|}

[[File:Dutch Apache AH-64.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Soldiers of 13 Infantry Battalion [[Regiment Stoottroepen Prins Bernhard]] and a [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]] [[AH-64D Apache]] during an exercise.]]

==== Infantry ====
Each infantry regiment of the Royal Netherlands Army consists of a single battalion. The current order of battle includes a total of seven infantry battalions – of these, two are classed as [[foot guards]] and the remainder as [[line infantry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Eenheden landmacht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/organisatie/landmacht/eenheden |website=www.defensie.nl |date=16 September 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref>

The staff support companies of [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11 Airmobile Brigade]], [[13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)|13 Light Brigade]] and [[43rd Mechanized Brigade (Netherlands)|43 Mechanised Brigade]] are part of the {{lang|nl|[[Garderegiment Grenadiers en Jagers]]}}, the {{lang|nl|[[Garderegiment Fusiliers Prinses Irene]]}} and {{lang|nl|[[Regiment Infanterie Johan Willem Friso]]}}, respectively.

====Cavalry====
The cavalry arm currently consists of two active regiments – the {{lang|nl|[[Regiment Huzaren van Boreel]]}} and the {{lang|nl|[[Regiment Huzaren Prinses Catharina-Amalia]]}}. One has responsibility for the army's active reconnaissance units, while the other has been formed as the parent regiment for units equipped with [[main battle tank]]s (MBTs).

Prior to 2012, the army also included full armoured regiments equipped with MBTs. One of these, the {{lang|nl|[[Regiment Huzaren Prins Alexander]]}}, was disbanded in 2007 due to budget cuts. The other two, the {{lang|nl|[[Regiment Huzaren Van Sytzama]]}} (former 1st Hussar Regiment) and the {{lang|nl|[[Regiment Huzaren Prins van Oranje]]}} (former 2nd Hussar Regiment) were disbanded, along with the army's full armoured capability, in 2012 as a result of further cuts to the Dutch defence budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nu.nl/politiek/2470185/nederland-krijgt-leger-zonder-tanks.html |title=Nederland krijgt leger zonder tanks |date=17 March 2011 |publisher=nu.nl |access-date=2 May 2012}}</ref>

In 2016, a [[German Army|German]] armoured unit, [[414 Panzer Battalion]], was attached to the Dutch [[43rd Mechanized Brigade (Netherlands)|43 Mechanised Brigade]], at the same time becoming a combined German-Dutch unit, with one of the three tank companies and part of the staff and support companies manned with Dutch troops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutschesheer.de/portal/a/heer/!ut/p/c4/TY3BDoIwEET_aNsiJugNwsWrF8VboZuySWmbZcGE-PHCwcSZ5B3mHUa91N5oV_JWKEUb1FN1A137N4yIDI4wzjILmLw5WsEHQoe8RA_lacJh7Jn8_5pt3JB7K5ZCSLE0pXocHw5hSBHloGAU2unZSmLIiSUcZmHeDZBTnTZto8_6F_Opq-JSdFWl21tzV3ma6i85w6-N/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701042058/http://www.deutschesheer.de/portal/a/heer/!ut/p/c4/TY3BDoIwEET_aNsiJugNwsWrF8VboZuySWmbZcGE-PHCwcSZ5B3mHUa91N5oV_JWKEUb1FN1A137N4yIDI4wzjILmLw5WsEHQoe8RA_lacJh7Jn8_5pt3JB7K5ZCSLE0pXocHw5hSBHloGAU2unZSmLIiSUcZmHeDZBTnTZto8_6F_Opq-JSdFWl21tzV3ma6i85w6-N/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2016 |title=Geschichte |language=de |work=German Army official website |publisher=[[Bundeswehr]] |date=25 August 2016 |access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref>

===Services===
The services ({{lang|nl|Dienstvakken}}) consist of the logistical service, which comprises four regiments, and four stand-alone support services. The Royal Netherlands Army consists of the following services and regiments:<ref name="regi" />

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left"
!colspan=5|
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 15%;" | Regiment
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Unit
! scope="col" style="width: 5%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width: 10%;" | Insignia
! scope="col" style="width: 45%;" | Notes
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Logistical Service
|-
| Korps Militaire Administratie || Military Administration Corps || 1795 || [[File:Militaire_Administratie_baretembleem_karmozijnrood.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1795.
|-
| Regiment Geneeskundige Troepen || • 400 Medical Battalion<br>• 11 Medical Company<br>• 13 Medical Company<br>• 43 Medical Company || 1869 || [[File:Baretembleem-Militair-Geneeskundige-Dienst.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1869.
|-
| Regiment Bevoorradings- en Transporttroepen || • Supply and Transport Command<br>• 11 Supply Company || 1905 || [[File:Baretembleem B&T roodblauw.png|125px]] || Established in 1905.
|-
| Regiment Technische Troepen || • 11 Maintenance Company<br>• 13 Maintenance Company<br>• 43 Maintenance Company<br>• Land Materiel Logistic Command || 1941 || [[File:Baretembleem Technische Dienst.jpg|125px]] || Technical troops, established in 1941.
|-
! style="align: center;" colspan="7"  | Other Services
|-
| Dienstvak Technische Staf || • 11 Maintenance Company<br>• 13 Maintenance Company<br>• 43 Maintenance Company<br>• Land Materiel Logistic Command || 1954 || [[File:Baretembleem-TechnischeStaf.jpg|125px]] || Academically educated technical engineers, all officers. Focused on acquiring new equipment and performing technical research, established in 1954.
|-
| Dienstvak Militair Juridische Dienst || Military Legal Service || 1949 || [[File:Baret_embleem_militaire_juridischedienst-1568448152.JPG|125px]] || Established in 1949.
|-
| Dienstvak Militair Psychologische en Sociologische Dienst || Psychological and Sociological Service || 1973 || [[File:Baretembleem-MPSD.jpg|125px]] || Established in 1973.
|-
| Dienstvak van de Lichamelijke Oefening en Sport || Physical Education and Sports Organisation || 2004 || [[File:Baretembleem Lichamelijke Opvoeding Sportorganisatie-1568446250.JPG|125px]] || Established in 2004.
|-
|}

==Uniforms==
[[File:Exercitiewedstrijden Koninklijke Landmacht te Utrecht, Bestanddeelnr 907-6272.jpg|thumb|Dutch soldiers in 1956]]
[[File:Inscheping eerste materieel voor de Nederlandse Unifil-troepen die naar Libanon , Bestanddeelnr 930-1191.jpg|thumb|Dutch troops serving with [[UNIFIL]] in Lebanon in 1979]]
The Royal Netherlands Army uniform has multiple categories, ranging from ceremonial uniforms to combat dress to evening wear. In addition, the (special) [[service dress uniform]] and [[mess dress uniform]] can both be worn in a tropics colourway.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tenuen voor militairen van de Koninklijke Landmacht: Voorschrift (2 -1593 |url=https://www.defensie.nl/binaries/defensie/documenten/richtlijnen/2019/08/26/tenuevoorschriften-krijgsmacht/VS+2-1593_tenue+clas.pdf |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Commandant Landstrijdkrachten |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=29 October 2018}}</ref>

There are four main uniform categories:
; Combat uniform
The [[combat uniform]] ({{lang|nl|Gevechtstenue, GVT}}) is the day-to-day combat uniform, known as {{lang|nl|Gevechtstenue}} (GVT M93) and consists of a [[Disruptive Pattern Material]] (DPM) jacket and trousers with additional items such as thermals and waterproofs that can be worn underneath. Army combat uniforms are fitted with a [[distinctive unit insignia]] on the right arm, while the [[Dutch flag]] and the wearer's regiment or corps are worn on the left arm. To optimise the effectiveness of the uniform, multiple camouflage patterns are in use:
* Woodland: Further developed version of the British [[Disruptive Pattern Material]] (DPM) camouflage pattern. Optimised for use in wooded terrain in Western Europe and the standard pattern for personnel in the Netherlands.
* Desert: Increasing amount of deployments in desert like environments, such as Iraq and Afghanistan, lead to the implementation of the Desert combat uniform. The desert combat uniform uses the regular combat uniform, while using the American [[Desert Camouflage Uniform|Desert Camouflage Pattern]].
* Jungle: The jungle combat uniform utilises the regular combat uniform, in a five-coloured camouflage pattern which is optimised for deployments in tropical environments. The jungle uniform is often used by personnel undergoing jungle training, and units stationed in the [[Dutch Caribbean]].
* [[MultiCam]]: Since the regular combat uniform no longer always qualifies for contemporary operations, personnel deploying to foreign countries is provided with interim combat uniforms in the [[MultiCam]] camouflage pattern.<ref>{{cite web |title=Militairen krijgen interim-gevechtskleding voor uitzendingen |url=https://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/06/04/militairen-krijgen-interim-gevechtskleding-voor-uitzendingen |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020 |date=4 June 2018}}</ref> In addition, the [[Korps Commandotroepen]] has implemented uniforms in MultiCam as their standard uniform since 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commando's krijgen nieuw gevechtstenue |url=https://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2017/11/01/commando%E2%80%99s-krijgen-nieuw-gevechtstenue |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020 |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> Regular units use the interim uniforms until combat clothing in the newly developed [[Netherlands Fractal Pattern]] is distributed, between 2020 and 2022.

; Service dress uniform
The [[service dress uniform]] ({{lang|nl|Dagelijks tenue, DT}}) is used for everyday office, barracks and non-field duty purposes. The uniform was designed by the famous [[couturier]] [[Frans Molenaar]] and entered service in 2000. It consists of [[trousers]], a jacket, [[dress shirt]], [[neck tie]] and headgear ([[beret]], [[peaked cap]] or [[side cap]]), in a gray-green fabric. The [[service dress uniform|special dress uniform]] ({{lang|nl|Gelegenheidstenue, GLT}}) is worn for certain formal occasions. It consists of the garments of the service dress uniform, differing by the white dress shirt, black neck tie, white gloves, [[Military awards and decorations|decorations]] worn in [[Prussia]]n arrangement, while officers wear an orange [[sash]] around the waist.

; Mess dress uniform
The [[mess dress uniform]] ({{lang|nl|Avondtenue, AT}}) is worn during formal occasions, such as a dinner or a [[Ball (dance party)|ball]] and consists of a black smoking, complemented with a peaked cap and miniature medals.

; Full dress uniform
Each regiment and corps within the army has its own [[full dress uniform]] ({{lang|nl|Ceremonieel tenue, CT}}), which is a traditional uniform that is worn during ceremonies and special occasions.

<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Prinsjesdag 2017-6.jpg|Soldier wearing the [[Royal Netherlands Army Artillery|Field Artillery Corps]] ceremonial uniform during the firing of [[21-gun salute|salute shots]] on {{lang|nl|[[Prinsjesdag]]}}.
File:NFP-Green.jpg|Hussar of [[414 Tank Battalion]] wearing a tank overall in the new [[Netherlands Fractal Pattern]].
File:GVT_jungle_cidw.jpg|Jungle combat uniform worn by [[11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)|11 Airmobile Brigade]] servicemen as part of the contingent in the [[Dutch Caribbean]].
File:GVT_woodland.jpg|Standard combat uniform in the [[Disruptive Pattern Material]] camouflage pattern.
File:Uitreiking Militaire Willems-Orde KCT 2016-7.jpg|Knights of the [[Military William Order]] Kenneth Mayhew, Major [[Marco Kroon]] and Lieutenant Colonel [[Gijs Tuinman]], the last both wearing the special dress uniform. 
</gallery>

==Military bands==
[[File:Prinsjesdag_2018-2.jpg|thumb|[[Royal Military Band "Johan Willem Friso"]] musicians during the annual {{lang|nl|[[Prinsjesdag]]}} parade in [[The Hague]], 2018.]]
In past eras, music was used as a means of communication on the battlefield, and today [[military music]] retains an important role during military ceremonies such as enlistments and [[Change of command|changes of command]], and national events such as {{lang|nl|[[Prinsjesdag]]}} and the annual [[Remembrance of the Dead]] ceremony on 4 May. In addition, military bands provide the musical accompaniment during the presentation of [[Letter of credence|letters of credence]]. Currently,{{when|date=December 2021}} there are four active [[military band]]s and [[fanfare orchestra]]s within the Royal Netherlands Army:<ref>{{cite web |title=De rol van militaire muziek |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/muziek/rol-van-militaire-muziek |website=www.defensie.nl |date=November 2017 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
* [[Royal Military Band "Johan Willem Friso"]]
* [[National Reserve Korps Fanfare|National Reserve Corps Fanfare Brass]]
* Regimental Fanfare Orchestra of the Grenadiers' and Rifles' Guards 
* Fanfare Orchestra "Bereden Wapens" of the RNA Cavalry

==Colours and standards==
[[File:Uitreiking Militaire Willems-Orde KCT 2016-5.jpg|thumb|[[King Willem-Alexander]] attaching the lanyard of the [[Military Order of William]] to the colour of the [[Korps Commandotroepen]] in 2016.]]
All regiments and corps are granted a [[Military colours, standards and guidons|colour]] ({{lang|nl|vaandel}}) or [[Heraldic flag|standard]] ({{lang|nl|standaard}}), including (since 2002) the artillery corps, which at the time was a breach with tradition. The colours and standards form the embodiment of the history and character of the respective regiment or corps. The standards are smaller in size because of a historical reason: horseback units would often struggle with the large sized poles of the regular colours, and therefore chose to wield a shorter version. To this day, the mounted units of the Royal Netherland Army, such as [[cavalry]], [[field artillery]] and [[horse artillery]], use the smaller sized standards. The [[Royal Marechaussee]], which used to be a mounted unit of the Royal Netherlands Army, owns a standard as well.<ref name="vaandel">{{cite web |title=Vaandels en standaarden bij de Koninklijke Landmacht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/vaandels-en-standaarden/vaandels-en-standaarden-bij-de-koninklijke-landmacht |website=www.defensie.nl |date=7 July 2015 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>

In contrast to the functional use of colours and standards in the past, during which they served as landmarks on the battlefield, their contemporary role has been greatly reduced. Nonetheless, they continue to play an important role during various military ceremonies. For example, soldiers swear the oath of enlistment while holding the respective colour or standard. Moreover, the colours and standards constitute an important connection between military units and the [[Royal House of the Netherlands]]. Only the sovereign can grant a military unit a colour or standard, therefore the [[royal cypher]] of the monarch that granted the regiment its (original) colour is displayed. In addition, the colours and standards are often inscribed with (historical) battle honours. By prominently displaying them, the aim is to add to the ''[[esprit de corps]]'', uphold the collective memory and serve as inspiration for future actions of the respective unit.<ref name="vaandel" />

==Ranks and insignia==
{{main|Military ranks of the Netherlands armed forces}}
The ranks of the Royal Netherlands were established by royal decree of [[Queen Juliana]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Koningin Juliana |title=Besluit volgorde verhouding rangen en standen zee-, land- en luchtmacht |url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002224/2002-09-13 |website=Overheid.nl |access-date=18 May 2020 |date=20 June 1956}}</ref> Each regiment and corps has a distinctive [[cap badge]] and [[beret]]. Many units also call soldiers of different ranks by different names, for example a NATO OR-1 [[Private (rank)|private]] is called a [[hussar]] ({{lang|nl|huzaar}}) in cavalry regiments and a [[cannoneer]] ({{lang|nl|kannonier}}) in artillery units.<ref name="Netherlands">{{cite web |title=De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht |url=https://www.defensie.nl/binaries/defensie/documenten/brochures/2021/01/15/rangen-krijgsmacht/rangonderscheidingstekens.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Defence (Netherlands) |access-date=18 March 2021 |date=19 December 2016 |language=nl}}</ref>

===Commissioned officer ranks===
The rank insignia of [[commissioned officer]]s.
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OF/Netherlands}}
|}

===Other ranks===
The rank insignia of [[non-commissioned officer]]s and [[Enlisted rank|enlisted personnel]].
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Netherlands}}
|}

=== Royal Insignia ===
The Rank insignia worn by the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Monarch of the Netherlands]] when wearing Royal Netherlands Army uniform.
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
!Holder
!Insignia
|-
!''Koning der Nederlanden''<ref name="CiC">{{cite web |author1=Ministry of Defense |date=24 April 2013 |title=Besluit van 24 april 2013, houdende vaststelling van het Koninklijk Distinctief |trans-title=Decree of April 24, 2013, establishing the Royal Distinctive |url=https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2013-178.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl |language=nl}}</ref>
|[[File:Netherlands-Army-CiC.svg|128x128px]]
|}

== Equipment ==
{{main|List of equipment of the Royal Netherlands Army}}

=== Infantry ===
The Royal Netherlands Army's basic weapon is the [[Colt Canada C7|Colt C7NLD]] or [[Colt Canada C7|Colt C8NLD]] assault rifle, produced by [[Colt Canada]] (formerly [[Diemaco]]). The weapons received an extensive update in 2009: the rifle's black furniture was replaced by dark earth furniture. New parts include a new retracting stock, the Diemaco IUR with [[Rail interface system|RIS]] rails for mounting flashlights and laser systems, and a vertical foregrip with built-in bipod; the thermold plastic magazines have now become brown in color. The [[ELCAN]] sighting system has also disappeared in favour of the Swedish made [[Aimpoint CompM4]] [[red dot sight]]. In addition, the weapon can be enhanced further using the [[Picatinny rail]] with attachments such as the [[Heckler & Koch AG36|Heckler & Koch UGL]] under-barrel grenade launcher.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colt C7-geweer |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/colt-c7-c8nld-5.56mm |website=www.defensie.nl |date=2 June 2015 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> [[Special operations forces]] of the [[Korps Commandotroepen]] choose to use modified [[HK416]] assault rifles and [[HK417]] [[designated marksman rifle]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=HK416-aanvalsgeweer en HK417-scherpschuttersgeweer |url=https://www.defensie.nl/organisatie/landmacht/materieel/bewapening/hk416 |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> The standard secondary weapon across all branches of the [[Armed forces of the Netherlands]] is the Austrian-made [[Glock 17]] pistol.<ref>{{cite web |title=Glock 17-pistool |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/glock-17-pistool-9mm |website=www.defensie.nl |date=20 September 2018 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

Sniper groups ({{lang|nl|Schutter Lange Afstand}}) are equipped with [[HK417]], [[Accuracy International Arctic Warfare Magnum]], its successor [[Accuracy International Arctic Warfare Magnum#AXMC|Accuracy International AXMC]], and [[Barrett M82]] sniper rifles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accuracy-scherpschuttersgeweer (antipersoneel) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/accuracy-antipersoneel-snipergeweer-7.62mm |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Twigt |first1=André |title=Stilzitten en luisteren: Snipertraining Gebirgsjäger is Spitzenklasse! |journal=Landmacht |date=5 March 2019 |volume=02 |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/landmacht/2019/02/02_snipers_in_oostenrijk_02-2019 |access-date=1 May 2020 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Barrett-scherpschuttersgeweer (antimaterieel) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/organisatie/landmacht/materieel/bewapening/barrett-antimaterieel-geweer-12.7mm |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> Support fire is provided by the [[FN Minimi]] [[light machine gun]] (LMG), the [[FN MAG]] [[general purpose machine gun]] (GPMG), [[M2 Browning|FN M2 QCB]] [[heavy machine gun]] (HMG) and the [[Heckler & Koch GMG|H&K GMG]] [[Grenade launcher|automatic grenade launcher]], while indirect fire support is provided by [[M6 mortar|M6 60mm]] or [[L16 81mm mortar]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minimi-licht machinegeweer |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/minimi-licht-machinegeweer |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MAG-middelzwaar machinegeweer |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/mag-middelzwaar-machinegeweer |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Browning M2-zwaar machinegeweer |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/browning-m2-zwaar-machinegeweer |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="mortars" >{{cite web |title=Mortieren (60-, 81- en 120mm) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/mortieren |website=www.defensie.nl |date=7 May 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

=== Armor ===
The army's [[main battle tank]] is the [[Leopard 2A6]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Leopard 2A6-gevechtstank |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/leopard-2a6-gevechtstank |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 April 2018 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> These MBT's have been leased from the German army.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kirsten de Vries |date=16 April 2024 |title=Mijn Materieel: Leopard 2A6MA3 |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/materieelgezien/2024/03/mijn-materieel-leopard-2a6ma3 |website=Materieelgezien |publisher=Defensie.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref> The Swedish-made [[CV90]] (designated as CV9035NL) is the [[infantry fighting vehicle]] of the army, supported on the battlefield by [[Boxer MRAV]] [[armoured fighting vehicle]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=CV90-infanteriegevechtsvoertuig |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/combat-vehicle-90 |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Boxer-pantserwielvoertuig |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/boxer |website=www.defensie.nl |date=2 December 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> Reconnaissance units use the light armoured [[Fennek]] [[reconnaissance vehicle]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fennek-verkenningsvoertuig |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/fennek-bewakings--en-verkenningsvoertuig |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

In early September 2024 the new Dutch government announced that it would buy at least 46 (excl. 6 options) of the new Leopard 2A8 MBT's for a full Tank Battalion. These tanks would operate alongside the leased Leopard 2A6 MBT's from Germany. The last government also wanted to buy new tanks, but their defense budget didn't allow it, but now with the new government the defense budget was risen to at least 2% of GDP. <ref>https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/09/03/de-landmacht-juicht-het-nederlandse-leger-krijgt-weer-eigen-tanks-a4864494</ref>  

[[File:Training with the Dutch and Lithuanian artillery (2020-10-06).webm|thumb|PzH 2000NL of the 41st Artillery Battalion in Lithuania.]]

=== Artillery and air defence ===
The [[Fire Support Command]] currently operates two artillery systems: three batteries equipped with [[Panzerhaubitze 2000|Pantserhouwitser 2000NL]] [[Self-propelled gun|self-propelled howitzers]] and one battery equipped with [[Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1|120mm Rayé Tracté]] [[Mortar (weapon)|heavy mortars]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pantserhouwitser 2000NL |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/pantserhouwitser-2000nl-pzh2000 |website=www.defensie.nl |date=2 December 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="mortars" /> Air defence is provided by the modernised [[MIM-104 Patriot]] long-range air defence system operated by the Joint Ground-based Air Defence Command.<ref>{{cite web |title=Patriot-luchtverdedigingssysteem weer van deze tijd |url=https://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2019/07/15/patriot-luchtverdedigingsysteem-weer-van-deze-tijd |website=www.defensie.nl |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020 |date=15 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="patriot">{{cite web |title=Patriot-luchtverdedigingssysteem |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/bewapening/patriot-luchtverdedigingssysteem |website=www.defensie.nl |date=18 July 2016 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref> Both the PAC-2 [[surface-to-air missile]] and PAC-3 [[anti-ballistic missile]] are in use.<ref name="patriot" /> In addition, army personnel operate [[NASAMS 2]] medium-range [[surface-to-air missiles]], [[Fennek]] [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger Weapon Platforms]], and [[Hensoldt]] {{ill|TRML-3D|de|Nahbereichsradar}} radar systems. These systems are operated combinedly in the Army Ground Based Air Defence System (AGBADS).<ref>{{cite web |title=Army Ground Based Air Defence System |url=https://www.defensie.nl/organisatie/landmacht/materieel/bewapening/army-ground-based-air-defence-system-agbads |website=www.defensie.nl |date=7 October 2015 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie|access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

=== (Protected) mobility ===
For environments that require protection against [[Small Arms and Light Weapons]] and [[improvised explosive device]]s, the army uses the [[Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bushmaster |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/index-copy |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)|Ministry of Defence]] has recently placed an order for 1,175 new medium multirole protected vehicles, the [[Iveco Medium Tactical Vehicle]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Iveco Defence Vehicles awarded contract to deliver a new generation of medium multirole protected vehicles to Dutch Armed Forces |url=https://www.janes.com/article/91277/iveco-defence-vehicles-awarded-contract-to-deliver-a-new-generation-of-medium-multirole-protected-vehicles-to-dutch-armed-forces |access-date=1 May 2020 |work=Jane's |date=12 September 2019}}</ref> The newly developed vehicles are due to commence entering service in early 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Verwervingsvoorbereiding (D-fase) van het project 'Voertuig 12kN overig en Remote Controlled Weapon Station (RCWS)' |url=https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/brieven_regering/detail?id=2019Z15737&did=2019D32591 |website=www.tweedekamer.nl |publisher=Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal}}</ref> Multiple versions of the [[Mercedes-Benz G Class|Mercedes-Benz Geländewagen]] are in use across the army, including light armoured combat versions such as the G280 CDI.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mercedes-Benz 290GD |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/mercedes-benz-290gd |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> The [[Volkswagen Amarok]] has replaced a large portion of the Mercedes-Benz fleet that was used for day-to-day utility work and peace time operations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amarok-pick-uptruck |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/amarok-terreinwagen |website=www.defensie.nl |date=21 August 2017 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> [[Special operations forces]] (SOF) operate the Dutch-made [[Defenture VECTOR]] which is tailor-made for [[special operation]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vector-terreinwagen (SOF) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/vector |website=www.defensie.nl |date=2 December 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

=== Engineers and utility ===
Engineer regiments employ several specialist engineering vehicles based on [[Leopard 1]] and [[Leopard 2]] tanks such as the [[Leopard 2#Bergepanzer BPz3 Büffel (Gr. Buffalo)|Buffel]] [[armoured recovery vehicle]], the [[Leopard 2#Panzerschnellbrücke 2|Leguaan]] [[armoured vehicle-launched bridge]] and the [[AEV 3 Kodiak|Kodiak]] [[military engineering vehicle|combat engineering vehicle]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Leopard 2-bergingstank (Buffel) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/leopard-2-bergingstank-buffel |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brouwer |first1=Evert |title=Legua(a)n komt eraan: Succesvol samenwerkingsproject met Duitsland |journal=Materieelgezien |date=17 December 2019 |volume=10 |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/materieelgezien/2019/10/06_leguaan-komt-eraan |access-date=1 May 2020 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Leopard 2-geniedoorbraaksysteem (Kodiak) |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/leopard-2-geniedoorbraaksysteem-kodiak |website=www.defensie.nl |date=2 December 2019 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> The army employs a variety of (logistical) utility vehicles, including four-, six-, ten- and fifteen-tonne trucks, mainly produced by [[DAF Trucks|DAF]] and [[Scania AB|Scania]]. [[Electronic warfare]] and [[CBRN]] defence units operate the [[TPz Fuchs]] [[armoured personnel carrier]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fuchs-pantservoertuig |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/fuchs-pantserwielvoertuig |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> In addition, during operations that require a high degree of mobility, army personnel have access to [[Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig]], [[KTM]] motorcycles and [[Suzuki]] quads.<ref>{{cite web |title=Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/luchtmobiel-speciaal-voertuig |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=KTM-motorfiets |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/ktm-motorfiets |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Suzuki King Quad |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/materieel/voertuigen/suzuki-king-quad-750-axi-4x4 |website=www.defensie.nl |date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

=== Unmanned vehicles ===
Multiple types of [[unmanned aerial vehicles]] (UAVs) are operational within the army. This includes the [[Black Hornet Nano]], [[AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven|AeroVironment RQ-11B DDL Raven]], [[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle]], [[AeroVironment Wasp III]], [[AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma]] and [[Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Blackjack]] UAVs.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brouwer |first1=Evert |title=Integrator komt eraan: Nieuwe UAV's voor krijgsmacht |journal=Materieelgezien |date=12 May 2017 |volume=03 |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/materieelgezien/2017/03/mg201703integrator-jv |access-date=1 May 2020 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie}}</ref> A large share of UAVs are operated by the 107 Aerial Systems Battery of the [[Joint ISTAR Command]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wolting |first1=Jaap |title='Lege' Integrator optimaal voorbereid op innovaties: Luxemburg lift mee op ervaring in 't Harde |journal=Landmacht |date=5 November 2019 |volume=09 |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/landmacht/2019/09/03_integrator_09-2019 |access-date=1 May 2020 |publisher=Ministerie van Defensie}}</ref> In addition, the Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS) unit of [[13th Light Brigade (Netherlands)|13 Light Brigade]] experiments with and operates various [[unmanned ground vehicles]], including the [[THeMIS]] produced by [[Milrem Robotics]] and the [[Mission Master]] of [[Rheinmetall]].

<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="150">
File:Dutch army Pzh-2000 firing on Taliban in Chura. June 16, 2007. Photo by David Axe.jpg|[[Panzerhaubitze 2000|Pantserhouwitser 2000NL]]
File:Vector-vliegend.jpg|[[Defenture VECTOR]]
File:Militaire Scania XT onder de loep-5.jpg|[[Scania AB|Scania Gryphus]]
File:D150519hh0057.jpg|[[Colt Canada C7|Colt C8NLD]]
File:Fennek stinger.jpg|[[Fennek]] [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger Weapon Platform]] 
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Military ranks of the Dutch armed forces]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official|https://english.defensie.nl/organisation/army}}

{{ModernDutchAFVs}}
{{Dutch Military}}
{{Dutch Regiments}}
{{Allied Land Command}}
{{Armies in Europe}}
{{Military equipment of Europe}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Royal Netherlands Army| ]]
[[Category:Netherlands Armed Forces]]