View source for Roy Rene

{{short description|Australian actor and comedian}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| image =Roy Rene statue (detail).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Bronze statue of Roy Rene in [[Hindley Street]], Adelaide. Created by [[Robert Hannaford]].
| name = Roy Rene
| birth_name = {{nowrap|Henry van der Sluys}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1891|2|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Adelaide]], [[Colony of South Australia]]
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{Death date and age|1954|11|22|1891|2|15|df=y}}}}
| death_place = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|vaudevillian|singer|radio performer|actor}}
| years active = 1901–1952
}}

'''Roy Rene''' (pron. ''reen''; born '''Henry van der Sluys''', 15 February 1891{{spaced ndash}}22 November 1954) was an Australian comedian and [[vaudeville|vaudevillian]]. As the bawdy character '''Mo McCackie''', Rene was one of the most well-known and successful Australian comedians of the early 20th century, and the local answer to [[Charlie Chaplin]].<ref name="GA" />

A 1927 recording of Rene and Nat Phillips performing as Stiffy and Mo, called ''The Sailors'', was added to the [[National Film and Sound Archive]] of Australia's [[Sounds of Australia]] registry in 2011.<ref>National Film and Sound Archive: 'The Sailors' on the [http://nfsa.gov.au/collection/sound/sounds-australia/ Sounds of Australia registry]</ref>

==Biography==
{{unreferencedsect|date=February 2023}}
Born in [[Adelaide]], [[Colony of South Australia]], Rene was the fourth of seven children of Hyam van der Sluys, or Henry Sluice, a Jewish-Dutch cigar maker and his Jewish-English wife Amelia, née Barnett.<ref name=adb>{{cite book|author=Celestine McDermott |title=Australian Dictionary of Biography: Rene, Roy (Mo) (1891–1954) |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/rene-roy-mo-8181/text14305 |year=1988 |access-date=12 October 2024}}</ref> Named Henry van de Sluice (later spelt variously "van der Sluys"), "Harry" received some education at a Dominican convent, and a Christian Brothers' boarding school in Adelaide; in his words "the nearest he ever got to being a Christian".<ref name=Parsons>{{cite book|author=Fred Parsons |title=A Man Called Mo |publisher=William Heinemann |year=1973 |isbn=0-85561-031-X}}</ref> At aged 10, Harry won a singing competition at an Adelaide market and in 1905 appeared professionally in the [[pantomime]], ''[[Sinbad the Sailor]]'', at the Theatre Royal and later at [[Tivoli circuit|the Tivoli]], in a [[black face]], singing and dancing act.

Around 1905, the Sluice family moved to [[Melbourne]]; Harry was briefly an apprentice jockey and thereafter maintained a keen interest in racing; his brothers Albert and Lou were prominent bookmakers.<ref name=adb/> Despite his father's opposition, in July 1908, he secured an engagement with James Brennan's vaudeville at the [[Gaiety Theatre, Melbourne|Gaiety Theatre]].<ref name=adb/> Of medium height, with dark hair, a pale smooth complexion with large soulful brown eyes and heavy lids, 'Boy Roy' (his stage name) had an appealing pathos. Most of his spare time was spent studying the famous English [[music-hall]] comedians at [[Harry Rickards]]' [[New Opera House, Melbourne|New Opera House]]. Unsuccessful in Melbourne, he appeared at Brennan's [[National Amphitheatre, Sydney|National Amphitheatre]], Sydney in 1910 and had adopted the new stage name '''Roy Rene''' ("Rene" reputedly after a famous French clown). Later he joined J. C. Bain's suburban vaudeville in Sydney and toured [[New South Wales]] with bush companies.

While playing at Bain's Princess Theatre, Railway Square, Sydney, in 1914, Rene came to the attention of producer [[Ben Fuller (producer)|Ben Fuller]], who engaged him to tour [[New Zealand]]. He developed his unique style and perfected the black beard and chalk-white face make-up{{efn|Rene claimed to have copied the style from Will King, an American Jewish comedian,<ref name=Parsons/> now remembered for the film ''Weak But Willing'', in which [[Jean Harlow filmography|Jean Harlow]] appeared.}} which became his trademark. Returning to Sydney in November 1915, he joined Albert Bletsoe's revue company at the ''Fullers' National Theatre'' in Sydney. 

==='Stiffy' and 'Mo' (1916–1925)===
In July 1916, Rene teamed up with comedian Nat Phillips to form the partnership 'Stiffy and Mo.' The pair made its debut at Sydney's Princess Theatre on 8 July 1916. Phillips had been developing his Stiffy the Rabbitoh character for several years on the Fullers' circuit, where he was engaged as both a comedian and a producer. For the first show, a revusical written by Phillips with the title, 'What Oh Tonight',{{efn|'What Oh Tonight' was later renamed 'The Beauty Parlour' (among other titles).}} he called his off-sider 'Sol'. Rene was not particularly struck with the name, and at the last moment took advice from the Princess Theatre's stage manager, Bill Sadler. The name 'Mo'{{efn|Rene's alter-ego did not become known as 'Mo McCackie' until 1946.}} thereafter became his alter-ego. <ref name=ozvtas&M>{{cite web|url=https://ozvta.com/practitioners-stage-characters/|author= Clay Djubal|title=Stiffy and Mo|publisher=Australian Variety Theatre Archive}} Accessed 13 September. 2023.</ref> 'Stiffy and Mo' were an instant success. After the Princess Theatre season ended they moved to the Grand Opera House, playing feature parts in the pantomime spectacular ''The Bunyip'',  and over the next fifteen years (albeit with an 18-month break) cemented their reputation as one of Australia's greatest [[larrikin]] comedy duos. 

On 29 March 1917 at St Stephen's Presbyterian Church, Sydney, Henry van der Sluice married actress Dorothy "Dolly" Davis; it was a tempestuous partnership which soon ended in a separation.<ref name=Parsons/>

Nat Phillips' Tabloid Musical Comedy Company (later known as Nat Phillips' Stiffy and Mo Company) toured the Fullers' Australasian vaudeville circuit continuously until mid-July 1925. Although only half-way through their season at Adelaide's Majestic Theatre, Roy Rene's contract with Fullers' Theatres was due to expire and he chose not to renew it.<ref name=ozvtarene>{{cite web|url=https://ozvta.com/practitioners-r/|author= Clay Djubal|title=Roy Rene|date= 27 April 2011|publisher=Australian Variety Theatre Archive}} Accessed 13 September 2023.</ref>{{efn|The long-held, and often-repeated story that Rene was sacked by Phillips for making vulgar jokes about Adelaide's nude statues, has been identified as a myth by an Australian variety theatre historian, Dr Clay Djubal, and actor Jon Fabian (a longtime friend of Rene's wife and son). Citing evidence from research into the Fullers' theatrical operations, from interviews with Sadie Gale and Sam Van der Sluice, and evidence from Rene himself, as well as an analysis of how the story came to be blindly accepted by historians, they demonstrate that the two key factors in disbanding the Phillips/Rene act were the latter's expiring contract, and their need to have a break after ten exhausting years.}} Phillips remained at the Majestic for another two months, initially as solo comedian before elevating Joe Mullaney from the ensemble to temporarily create 'Stiffy and Joe.' Then after briefly trialing 'Oscar the Aussie' and 'Percy the Pom' (with Harry Harry Huley as 'Percy') he eventually settled on Stiffy and 'Erb (Jack Kellaway) in early-1926.<ref name=ozvtawhirligigs>{{cite web|url=https://ozvta.com/troupes-m-r/|author= Clay Djubal|title=Nat Phillips' Whirligigs|date= 9 April 2011|publisher=Australian Variety Theatre Archive}} Accessed 13 September. 2023.</ref>

==='Give and Take' / 'Bluett and Mo' / 'Stiffy' and 'Mo' (1926–1928)===
Following his departure from the Stiffy and Mo company Rene went on to appear with outstanding success in a straight play, ''Give and Take'' (starring opposite American comedian Harry Green). The play had seasons in both Melbourne and Sydney. In May 1926 Rene made his Tivoli circuit debut in partnership with [[Fred Bluett]] (as Bluett and Mo). They initially played seasons in Sydney and Melbourne, before undertaking a national tour, which included Brisbane and Adelaide. Their act comprised at least two sketches - the most popular being 'The Admiral and the Sailor' (aka Fun on the High Sea), which had Mo as the admiral and Bluett as a "jolly tar" who resents the commands of his superior. The other sketch was called 'Oxford Bags'.<ref name=ozvtarene/>

In late-January 1927 Rene re-signed with Fullers' Theatres (for one year) and the following month joined his former partner in Brisbane. Phillips was at that time playing a season the Empire Theatre with his Whirligigs Company (featuring Stiffy and 'Erb). For the remainder of the season Brisbane audiences therefore saw a trio called Stiffy, Mo and 'Erb. When the company opened at the Fullers' Theatre, Sydney, in mid-March, however, it featured only Stiffy and Mo.<ref name=ozvtaphillipsco>{{cite web|url=https://ozvta.com/troupes-m-r/|author= Clay Djubal|title=Nat Phillips' Tabloid Musical Comedy Company|date= 9 April 2011|publisher=Australian Variety Theatre Archive}} Accessed 13 September. 2023.</ref> Once again 'Stiffy and Mo' broke box-office records wherever they appeared, including a tour of New Zealand. A number of historians have recorded the New Zealand tour as Stiffy and Mo's last time together on stage, but research undertaken in the early-2000s has revealed that the pair actually played their final season together at Fullers' Theatre, Sydney between 1 and 7 December 1928.<ref name=ozvtaphillipsco/> The following night Rene opened at the same theatre with his own company, Mo and his Merrymakers. Nat Phillips travelled to Melbourne, opening at the Bijou Theatre on 10 December with a re-formed Whirligigs (featuring 'Stiffy and 'Erb').<ref name=ozvtaphillipsco/>

==''Merrymakers'' / ''Strike Me Lucky'' / Tivoli Years (1929–1945)==
In April 1929 Rene accepted an engagement from Clay's Bridge Theatre Company to tour its Sydney circuit. He fell in love with Sadie Gale, a well-known singer with the Merrymakers who had appeared with [[Charles Heslop]] in musical comedy, and whose father, Sam Gale, was a seasoned performer. First he had to convince her and her parents that he was a suitable match when they disliked him intensely, then divorce his wife, who demanded substantial alimony.<ref name=Parsons/> They divorced in May 1929 then on 3 July Rene and Barnett married in a Presbyterian church.<ref name=adb/>

He and Sadie Gale married in Sydney on 3 July that same year. Barely a month later the couple took a re-formed Merrymakers troupe through Northern New South Wales and regional Queensland for Clay's.<ref name=ozvtamosmerrymakers>{{cite web|url=https://ozvta.com/troupes-m-r/|author= Clay Djubal|title=Mo and His Merrymakers|date= 9 April 2011|publisher=Australian Variety Theatre Archive}} Accessed 13 September. 2023.</ref> 

After the conclusion of the Queensland tour, Rene and Gale travelled to Melbourne to appear in Frank Neil's production of ''Clowns in Clover'' at the King's Theatre. Three weeks after the start of the King's Theatre season, the couple joined other cast members in presenting matinee productions of ''Mother Goose'', while also appearing in ''Clowns in Clover'' at night. While performing on 7 January 1930 Rene collapsed from peritonitis. Somewhat surprisingly, the symptoms had first started to manifest towards the end of the Queensland tour, but once back in Melbourne Rene had been too busy to seek medical help. He was immediately rushed to hospital where he almost died. Following his operation he remained in hospital until 15 April.<ref name=ozvtarene/>  
 
Rene returned to the theatre in mid-1930 for [[Hugh D. McIntosh|H. D. McIntosh]] in a revue, ''Pot Luck'', at the [[Tivoli Theatre, Melbourne|Tivoli, Melbourne]], but business was bad because of [[Great Depression in Australia|the Great Depression]]. Rene and Sadie resorted to a tour of [[Hoyts]]' suburban theatres in Sydney, followed by a brief vaudeville season in New Zealand, but the Fullers were disbanding their revue companies. In April 1931 Rene joined Connors and his wife [[Queenie Paul]], who had successfully opened low-priced, weekly-change variety at the New Haymarket Theatre, Sydney. By 1932 the Connors had taken over the Melbourne Tivoli and converted the old Sydney Opera House to the new Tivoli, where Rene and Jim Gerald continued to appear after the Connors sold out in mid-1933. 

In 1934 he made his only film, ''[[Strike Me Lucky]]'', for [[Ken G. Hall]] at [[Cinesound]]. Film was not his medium, however, as rapport with a live audience was essential to his comedy,<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|magazine=Filmink|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/australian-movie-stars/|title=Australian Movie Stars|date=18 August 2019}}</ref> and this is partly reflected in its poor acceptance by critics and lower than expected box-office return. Ken G. Hall's direction has also been criticised. ''Strike Me Lucky''{{'}}s storyline centres on the friendship between Mo McIsaac, who is broke and behind in his rent, and Miriam, a young girl who claims to be an orphan, but who is in fact the runaway daughter of a rich aristocrat. The title is in reference to one of Rene’s vaudeville catch-phrases.<ref name=ozvtastrike>{{cite web|url=https://ozvta.com/film-vaudeville/2/|author= Clay Djubal|title=Strike Me Lucky|date= 22 December 2014|publisher=Australian Variety Theatre Archive}} Accessed 13 September. 2023.</ref>

Early the next year, Rene played in [[Ernest C. Rolls]]'s lavish revue, ''Rhapsodies of 1935'', at the [[Palace Theatre, Melbourne|Apollo Theatre, Melbourne]]. In 1935–36, in partnership with Connors and Paul, he appeared in variety in Sydney and Melbourne, then returned to the Tivoli at the instigation of English producer [[Wallace Parnell]]. By early 1939 Rene was in conflict with [[Frank Neil]], general manager of the Tivoli, who terminated his contract: on Neil's death in January 1941, Parnell immediately reinstated him. Throughout [[World War II]] Rene played to packed houses, but his contract was not renewed in 1945.

===Radio star===
Turning to radio in 1946, Rene signed a contract with [[Colgate-Palmolive]] Pty Ltd to appear in program ''Calling the Stars'' with a live audience at the [[2GB]] theatrette in Sydney; his much-acclaimed "McCackie Mansion" segment was a highlight. Living at 13 Coffin Street, "Mo" was the suburban householder whose life was made miserable by relatives, neighbours and friends. He later appeared in ''Cavalcade'' with [[Jack Davey]], and as Professor McCackie in ''It Pays to be Ignorant''.

Rene briefly returned to the stage in 1949 in the revue, ''McCackie Moments'', at the Kings in Melbourne. By the time his radio contract expired in 1950 he was plagued by ill health, but he appeared once in ''McCackie Manor'' for the [[Australian Broadcasting Commission]] in 1951 and, in 1952, starred in ''The New Atlantic Show'', again capturing a nationwide audience.

Rene died of atherosclerotic [[heart disease]] at his home at [[Kensington, New South Wales]], on 22 November 1954, and was buried in the Jewish section of [[Rookwood Cemetery]]. He was survived by his wife, son and daughter.

Although largely unknown overseas, "Mo" was hailed by visiting celebrities, such as [[Dame Sybil Thorndike]] and [[Jack Benny]], as a comic genius in the company of [[Charlie Chaplin]]. Lecherous, leering and ribald, he epitomized the Australian "lair",<ref name="GA">[http://goaustralia.about.com/cs/language/a/strinel.htm Strine and Australian Slang – Lair to Loo<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> always trying to "make a quid" or to "knock off a sheila", yet some of his funniest moments were when he was being "posh", as in his outrageous parody, with Sadie, of [[Noël Coward]]'s ''[[Private Lives]]''.

He was a [[Freemason]].<ref>[http://www.freemasonrysaust.org.au/freemason.html#famous What is Freemasonry?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205034851/http://www.freemasonrysaust.org.au/freemason.html |date=5 December 1998 }}</ref>

==Legacy and influence==
The memory of Rene lives on in the [[Mo Awards]], presented annually for excellence in live performance. The statuette presented to the recipients is in the form of Rene in his Mo McCackie persona.

[[Garry McDonald]] played Roy Rene/Mo in the 1977 theatre production ''Young Mo'', written by [[Steve J. Spears]],<ref><
https://www.ausstage.edu.au/pages/event/6044</ref> and on television in the 1980s.

==See also==
*[[George Wallace (Australian comedian)]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==

*Parsons, Fred. ''A Man Called Mo.'' Melb: Heinemann, 1973.
*Rene, Roy. ''Mo's Memoirs.'' (ghostwritten by Elizabeth Lambert and [[Max Harris (poet)|Max Harris]]) Melb: Reed and Harris, 1945.

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal |author=York, Barry |date=September 2006 |title=In the company of Chaplin |journal=National Library of Australia News |volume=XVI |issue=12 |pages=7–10 |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2006/sep06/index.html |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120205171952/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/131760/20120120-0944/www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2006/sep06/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-02-05 <!--|access-date=2022-06-06-->}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

==External links==

*[http://laughterlog.com/2009/03/09/roy-rene/ "Performers: Roy Rene."] Article published in the ''Laughterlog'' website. Includes extensive list of radio and film appearances. 
*[http://austlit.edu.au/run?ex=ShowAgent&agentId=A%23cs "Rene, Roy."] Biography at ''[[AustLit: The Australian Literature Resource]]''.
*[http://www.liveperformance.com.au/halloffame/royrene1.html "Roy Rene."] Biography at ''Live Performance Australia Hall of Fame''.
*[http://ozvta.com/practitioners-r/ "Roy Rene."] Biography at the ''Australian Variety Theatre Archive''.
*[https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:107238/ "'What Oh Tonight': The Methodology Factor and Pre-1930s Australian Variety Theatre (With a Special Focus on the One Act Musical Comedy, 1914–1920)"] UQ eSpace. Clay Djubal. Ph D Diss. The University of Queensland, 2005. Chapter 6 focuses on the Stiffy and Mo revusicals.
*[http://www.ausstage.edu.au/indexdrilldown.jsp?xcid=59&f_contrib_id=233291 "Roy Rene"] at ''[[Ausstage]]''.
* [http://nfsa.gov.au/collection/sound/sounds-australia/ ''Sailors, The.'']. Sound Recording. This recording was added to the [[National Film and Sound Archive]]'s [http://nfsa.gov.au/collection/sound/sounds-australia/complete-list/ Sounds of Australia registry] in 2011.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rene, Roy}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:Australian male comedians]]
[[Category:Australian radio personalities]]
[[Category:Jewish Australian comedians]]
[[Category:Australian people of Dutch-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Australian people of English-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Male actors from Adelaide]]
[[Category:Australian male stage actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian comedians]]
[[Category:Burials at Rookwood Cemetery]]
[[Category:Comedians from Adelaide]]
[[Category:Jewish male comedians]]