View source for Rotenburg an der Fulda

{{About|the town in Hesse|other places with the same name|Rotenburg (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox German place
|type               = Stadt
|name              = Rotenburg a. d. Fulda
|image_photo       = Historische haeuser rotenburg.jpg
|imagesize         = 220px
|image_caption     = Old houses in Rotenburg, facing the Fulda River
|image_coa            = DEU Rotenburg an der Fulda COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|59|46|N|9|43|40|E|format=dms|display=it}}
|image_plan = Rotenburg a.d. Fulda in HEF.svg
|state        = Hesse
|region  = Kassel
|district         = Hersfeld-Rotenburg
|elevation              = 183
|area            = 79.84
|postal_code               = 36199
|area_code           = 06623
|licence               = HEF, ROF
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 32 018
|divisions         = 8 districts
|website           = [http://www.rotenburg.de/ www.rotenburg.de]
|mayor             = Marcus Weber<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2024-05/BVII_m05-2024_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen|language=de|date=21 May 2024|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref>
|leader_term       = 2023&ndash;29
|party             = 
}}
'''Rotenburg an der Fulda''' ({{IPA|de|ˈʁoːtn̩ˌbʊʁk ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈfʊlda}}, {{lit|Rotenburg on the [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]]}}; officially ''Rotenburg a.d. Fulda'') is a town in [[Hersfeld-Rotenburg]] district in northeastern [[Hesse]], in central [[Germany]], situated, as the name says, on the river [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]].

== Geography ==
[[File:Rotenburg 2007.jpg|thumb|Historic row of houses in Rotenburg (an der Fulda)]]

=== Location ===
The town lies south of the Stölzinger Gebirge (range) in the narrowest part of the Fulda valley. The town's lowest point lies at 180&nbsp;m above [[sea level]] in the area near the two bridges across the Fulda linking Rotenburg's Old Town and New Town; these are the ''Alte Fuldabrücke'' (“Old Fulda Bridge”) and the ''Brücke der Städtepartnerschaften'' (“Bridge of Town Partnerships”). The town's highest point is the 548.7&nbsp;m-high Alheimer, lying on the town limit between Rotenburg and the neighbouring community of [[Alheim]].

The nearest major towns are [[Bebra]] (some 6&nbsp;km to the southeast) and [[Bad Hersfeld]] (some 16&nbsp;km to the south), The nearest cities are [[Kassel]] (some 50&nbsp;km to the north) and [[Fulda]] (some 70&nbsp;km to the south).

=== Neighbouring communities ===
Clockwise from the north, these are [[Alheim]], [[Spangenberg]], [[Cornberg]], [[Bebra]] and [[Ludwigsau]]. On the so-called Stölzinger Höhe (heights) in the northeast, above the outlying centre of Dankerode, Rotenburg has a boundary with the town of [[Waldkappel]].

=== Constituent communities ===
Besides the main town, Rotenburg a.d. Fulda is made up of the outlying ''[[Ortsteil|Stadtteile]]'' of Lispenhausen, Braach, [[Schwarzenhasel]], Erkshausen, Seifertshausen, Dankerode, Atzelrode (with Alte Teich Estate and Wüstefeld) and Mündershausen.

== History ==
[[File:Schloss rotenburg frontansicht.jpg|thumb|Landgrave's palace in Rotenburg, front view of main building]]
In 769, the outlying centres of Braach and Lispenhausen, along with the now vanished village of  Breitingen (which lay somewhere near the Hochmahle) had their first documentary mentions in the [[Hersfeld Abbey]]’s directory of holdings. These consisted of six estates and 90 [[Morgen]] of land.

The Gisonen were the Abbey’s ''[[Vogt|Vögte]]'' (singular: ''Vogt''). They built the first security castle in the Fulda valley once they had come to hold the ''Vogtei'' (the right to be ''Vogt''). Around this castle arose a settlement. The Landgraves of [[Thuringia]], who inherited the ''Vogtei'' from the Gisonen, built on the ''Alter Turm'' (mountain) Rodenberg Castle, which today lies in ruins, but is believed to be the town’s namesake.

The settlement on the Fulda’s left bank, today’s ''Altstadt'' (“Old Town”), had its first documentary mention as a town in 1248, and after the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession in 1264 the town belonged to the [[Landgraviate of Hesse]]. The old castle in the valley had supposedly been removed sometime after 1423. In 1470 arose the first Schloss Rotenburg. A great town fire destroyed the Old Town in 1478 along with the newly built Schloss. Between 1627 and 1834, Rotenburg was a residence town of the landgrave family of [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Rotenburg|Hesse-Rotenburg]], the so-called ''Rotenburger Quart''.
[[File:Rotenburg Merian 1655.jpg|thumb|left|Rotenburg in an engraving by Matthäus Merian from 1655]]
In 1615, 57 houses burnt down in Braach, and in the [[Thirty Years' War]], in 1637, the town and the town hall burnt. The fire was set by soldiers from the Isolani Regiment. In March 1882, the volunteer fire brigade was started as a club. In 1900 it acquired an equipment shed with a drying tower near the Fulda.

Following the joint German-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in 1939, it was the location of the Oflag IX-C [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] for [[Polish people|Polish]] officers and orderlies, which in June 1940 was converted into a subcamp of the Oflag IX-A camp in [[Spangenberg]], and then held Belgian officers.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=259–261|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> Rotenburg has belonged since 1972 to Hersfeld-Rotenburg district, before which it was the old Rotenburg district's seat. In 2003, the town earned unwanted fame through [[Armin Meiwes]], a former computer repair technician who cannibalised a voluntary victim in 2001 and was arrested in 2002.

In 2004, the town earned a silver medal in the national contest ''Unsere Stadt blüht auf'' (“Our Town is Blossoming”), and in 2005 it earned a gold medal with a special prize for the landscaping design of the Fulda floodplain.

In August 2007, the volunteer fire brigade staged the 20th Hessian Fire Brigade Day with an extensive programme of events on the occasion of its 125 anniversary of founding.

=== Religion ===
There are ten [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] churches in town, two [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] churches and one [[New Apostolic Church|New Apostolic]].

=== Amalgamations ===
Through municipal reform in 1972, the above-named formerly self-administering communities were integrated into the town of Rotenburg an der Fulda.

== Politics ==
[[File:Rathaus rotenburg a f.jpg|thumb|Rotenburg's Town Hall (built between 1597 and 1598)]]

=== Town council ===
{{update section|date=July 2021}}
The municipal election held on 26 March 2006 yielded the following results:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-  class="hintergrundfarbe5"
|colspan="2" | '''Parties and voter communities'''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''%<br />2006'''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Seats<br />2006'''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''%<br />2001'''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''Seats<br />2001'''
|-
|CDU
|[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]]
| style="text-align:right;"|35.9
| style="text-align:right;"|13
| style="text-align:right;"|37.7
| style="text-align:right;"|14
|-
|SPD
|[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]
| style="text-align:right;"|51.8
| style="text-align:right;"|19
| style="text-align:right;"|50.4
| style="text-align:right;"|19
|-
|FDP
|[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]
| style="text-align:right;"|2.0
| style="text-align:right;"|1
| style="text-align:right;"|2.5
| style="text-align:right;"|1
|-
|UBR
|Unabhängige Bürger Rotenburgs
| style="text-align:right;"|10.3
| style="text-align:right;"|4
| style="text-align:right;"|9.3
| style="text-align:right;"|3
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
|colspan="2" |'''Total'''
| style="text-align:right;"|'''100.0'''
| style="text-align:right;"|'''37'''
| style="text-align:right;"|'''100.0'''
| style="text-align:right;"|'''37'''
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
|colspan="2" |'''Voter turnout in %'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|'''48.2'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|'''56.2'''
|}

The town's executive (''Magistrat'') is made up of six councillors, including the mayor, with four seats allotted to the SPD and two to the CDU.

=== Mayor ===
The mayor is Marcus Weber, elected in 2023.

=== Coat of arms ===
[[File:Rotenburg a f wappenfoto.jpg|thumb|120px|Town's coat of arms on the Town Hall steps in Rotenburg]]
The town's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: Argent at the nombril point a mount of three gules surmounted by a bough vert in fess arising from the bottom of which and growing in pale a sprig of three linden leaves vert.

The German blazon describes the “mount” as a ''Dreiberg'', even though in the artistic rendering seen here, it does not have the same shape that this [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] usually has in German civic coats of arms. See, for instance, [[Nentershausen, Hesse|Nentershausen's]], [[Neuenstein, Hesse|Neuenstein's]] or [[Philippsthal (Werra)|Philippsthal's]] coat of arms.

The arms come from the early 17th century. The mound stands for the Rotenberg, a mountain on which once stood a castle. From these, the town got its name. The linden sprig comes from old guild seals, which bore a cloverleaf and a star. From this arose the linden sprig, which was adopted as a charge in the town's arms, putting the coat of arms in the “North Hesse Cloverleaf Arms Family” along with [[Kassel]] and [[Felsberg, Hessen|Felsberg]]. The first example of the arms now valid in the town  was in the Knights’ Hall (''Rittersaal''), which was torn down in the late 18th century.<ref>Wilhelm Wessel 1623: „Folgen die Wapen aller Städte in Fürstenthümern und Graffschaften dero Fürsten zu Hessen wie sie in Rotenbergk im Fürstlichen Schloß/ im großen Saal zu finden.“</ref> The first examples on [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] town seals show a saint bearing a palm frond before a town gate. It most likely was meant to be the town's patron saint, [[James, son of Zebedee|James the Elder]].

=== Town partnerships ===
[[File:Rotenburg Neustadt Wehr.jpg|thumb|New Town with Fulda weir at high water]]
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Argentan]], [[Orne]], [[France]] since 1976
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Borough of Gedling|Gedling]], [[Nottinghamshire]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]] since 1978
*{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Rothenburg, Switzerland|Rothenburg]], [[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]], [[Switzerland]] since 1988

There are friendship relations with the following towns:
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rotenburg an der Wümme]], [[Lower Saxony]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rothenburg ob der Tauber]], [[Bavaria]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rothenburg, Saxony-Anhalt|Rothenburg]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rothenburg (Oberlausitz)|Rothenburg]], [[Saxony]]
*{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Czerwieńsk]], [[Lubusz Voivodeship]], [[Poland]] (formerly Rothenburg an der Oder)

==Culture and sightseeing==

=== Museums ===
* Kreisheimatmuseum Rotenburg (district history)
* Puppen- und Spielzeugmuseum (puppets and toys)
* Memorial and meeting place: the former [[mikvah]]

=== Buildings ===
The most important sights in the town are these following:
* Schloss Rotenburg, built in [[Renaissance]] style between 1570 and 1607, remodelled about 1790, today houses the Hesse State Financial School, includes preserved side building and palace park.
* Town Hall, built in 1597–1598 and remodelled in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] period; on 23 September 1637 the town was burnt down by Colonel Isolani's people. The statue of Saint James at the Town Hall “fell crashing onto the marketplace and burst asunder” (according to the chronicler).
* Saint James's Parish Church
* Saint Elizabeth and Mary Monastery Church in the New Town, built beginning in 1370, crypt of the Landgraves of Hesse. Only Landgrave Moritz the Learned's son, Hermann, the first ''Quartfürst'' of Hesse-Rotenburg is buried here next to his consort Kunigunde Juliane of Anhalt-Zerbst. From this princely house also sprang Russian Tsaritsa [[Catherine the Great]].
* On the Alter Turm (mountain, 418.1&nbsp;m above [[sea level]]) are hidden the ruins of Rodenberg Castle (from about 1150).
* On the Fulda is found an old [[Lock (water navigation)|lock]] from the 17th century.
* The [[mikvah]], the former [[Judaism|Jewish]] community's ritual bath, since 2006 a memorial and meeting place and Jewish Museum. There are two websites with extensive information, '''www.mikwe.de''' and '''www.hassia-Judaica.de'''.
Rotenburg further has other historic churches and interesting houses. Even parts of the mediaeval town wall from the 12th and 13th centuries with two round towers are preserved.
<gallery perrow="3">
 Image:Historische haeuser rotenburg.jpg|Historic row of houses in Rotenburg an der Fulda
 Image:Rotenburg Fulda-Stiftskirche.jpg|''St. Elisabeth und Marien'' Monastery Church
 Image:Rotenburg Fulda-Jakobikirche.jpg|Jakobikirche (St. James's)
 Image:Rotenburg Fulda-Marstall.jpg|Stable
 Image:Rotenburg fulda schleuse.jpg|Lock from the 17th century
 Image:Rotenburg Fulda Gedenkstein Breitlingen.jpg|Memorial stone to the community of Breitingen
</gallery>

=== Regular events ===
* ''Heimat- und Strandfest'' (“Homeland and Beach Festival”, every year on the first weekend in July)
* Historic Christmas Market on Rotenburg's Marketplace and in adjoining lanes (from early December – 16 days) with Germany's tallest [[Christmas pyramid]]
* ''Kuckucksmarkt'' (“Cuckoo’s Market”) in the outlying centre of Braach (North Hesse art, craft and farmers’ market held on the last weekend of each month from May to October)

== Economy and infrastructure ==
[[File:Rotenburg HKZ.jpg|thumb|Rotenburg Cardiovascular Centre]]
Especially important to the town and the whole area is the ''Herz-Kreislauf-Zentrum'' (HKZ – Cardiovascular Centre) on the south slope above the town.

As at January 2006, 4,188 workers are employed in town, of which 989 jobs are offered by producing businesses, 2,143 by service providers, 367 by trade, 80 by forestry and agriculture and 609 by other fields of endeavour. There are 1,325 beds dedicated to tourism.

=== Established businesses ===
* RMW Rotenburger Metallwerke GmbH
* C. Brühl Komplementär Textilwerk Rotenburg Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (textile specialist in trousers, shirts and jackets)

=== Transport ===
Rotenburg lies on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 83 and on the so-called ''[[Friedrich-Wilhelms-Nordbahn]]'' ([[railway]]), which is nowadays part of the ''Mitte-Deutschland-Verbindung'' (“Middle Germany Connection”).

=== Media ===
''Hessische/Niedersächsische Allgemeine'' (daily newspaper) with its ''Lokalteil Rotenburg Bebra'' (local section) and the ''Kreisanzeiger'' published district-wide.

=== State institutions ===
* Until it was disbanded early in 2006, the ''[[Panzergrenadier]]bataillon 52'' (Armoured Grenadier Battalion 52) was stationed at the ''Alheimer-Kaserne'' (“Alheim Barracks”). Since July 2006, the newly deployed ''Führungsunterstützungsbataillon 286'' (“Command Support Battalion 286”) have been there. Joining them is the 6th Company of the ''[[Feldjäger]]bataillon 251'' (“Military Police Battalion 251”), which was formerly stationed in Schwalmstadt. The FüUstgBtl 286 belongs to the Command Support Regiment 28 in Mechernich and is part of the [[Bundeswehr]]’s [[Streitkräftebasis]] (SKB).
* Rotenburg Study Centre: Hesse State Financial School, Professional Administration College of the State of Hesse.
* Training and Continuing Education Centre of HSVV “Marstall”
* BKK-Akademie – conference and seminar hotel

=== Education ===
[[File:Rotenburg Grimmschule.jpg|thumb|Jakob-Grimm-Schule in Rotenburg]]
There are ten schools in town, among them the Jakob-Grimm-Schule, which acts as an ancillary [[comprehensive school]] with a [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] upper level. There is also the ''BKK Akademie'', where there is training in social insurance law and related themes for those employed in the field.

== Famous people ==

=== Sons and daughters of the town ===
* Bernhard Christoph Faust (born 23 May 1755 in Rotenburg, died 25 January 1842 in [[Bückeburg]]), physician and [[architectural theoretician]]
* [[Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (born 31 March 1819 in Rotenburg, died 6 July 1901 in [[Bad Ragaz|Ragaz]]); politician, Imperial chancellor and Prussian Prime Minister (1894–1900).
*[[Gustav Adolf Hohenlohe]] (born 26 February 1823 in Rotenburg; died 30 October 1896 in [[Rome]]); German Cardinal.
* Franz Vetter (born 1824 in Rotenburg, died 27 February 1896 in Potsdam); Electoral court gardener, from 1891 royal Prussian chief court gardener at [[Sanssouci]].
* Elise zu Salm-Horstmar (born 6 January 1831 in Rotenburg, died 29 June 1920); writer.
* Dr. Leopold Neuhaus (born 1879 in Rotenburg, died 1954), [[rabbi]] in [[Frankfurt am Main]].
* Manfred Gruber (born 24 January 1951 in Erkshausen); artist ([[painting]], [[graphic arts]] and [[scenic design]]).
* [[Annette Kurschus]] (born 14 February 1963), Protestant bishop
* [[Mareike Morr]] (born 1977), Operatic mezzo-soprano

=== People associated with the town ===
* Jakob Wilhelm Georg Vilmar (born 4 June 1804 in [[Bebra|Solz]], died 7 December 1884 in [[Melsungen]]), clergyman of the ''Hessische Renitenz'', clergyman in Rotenburg (1830–1851).
* [[Walter Wallmann]] (born 24 September 1932 in [[Uelzen]]), Chief Mayor of [[Frankfurt am Main]], Federal Minister for Environment, Conservation and Reactor Safety (1986–1987), Hessian premier (1987–1991), judge at the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' court in Rotenburg (1966).
* [[Günter Schabowski]] (born 4 January 1929 in [[Anklam]]), journalist and politician, member of the [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]] central committee and politburo, editor of the ''Heimatnachrichten'' (1993–1999) in Rotenburg.
* [[Armin Meiwes]] (born 1 December 1961 in [[Essen]]), known as the Rotenburg [[Human cannibalism|Cannibal]]
Grave of WWII British military persons imprisoned at Rotenburg.

== Further reading ==
* Albert Deist, Thomas Sippel: ''Rotenburg an der Fulda''. Sutton Verlag 2005, {{ISBN|3-89702-852-2}}
* Heinrich Nuhn: '''''Ein Rundgang durch Rotenburg a.d. Fulda. Spuren jüdischen Lebens.''''' 2001, {{ISBN|3-933231-18-3}}
* Angela Pooch: ''Historische Einblicke in unsere Stadt''. Archiv der Stadtverwaltung, 1997, {{ISBN|3-932580-02-8}}
* Albert Deist, Thomas Sippel ''Rotenburg an der Fulda: 1948 bis 1983'' 2008 Sutton Verlag {{ISBN|3-86680-251-X}}
Heinrich Nuhn, '''Die Rotenburger Mikwe'''. Kultudenmal und Zeugnis der Vielfalt jüdischen Lebens, 2006, {{ISBN|3-933734-11-8}}
Mitka's Secret by Steven Brallier - true story of Mitka Kalinski, slave to Nazi SS officer Gustav Dohr of Badagasse 14

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikinews category|Rotenburg an der Fulda}}
* [http://www.rotenburg.de/ Official site] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.osthessen-news.de/Luftbilder/Luftvideo_Rotenburg.wmv Flight around Rotenburg] Videoclip (13&nbsp;MB, 1:40&nbsp;min) from the German site [http://www.osthessen-news.de/Luftbilder/Luftbild_911.htm http://www.osthessen-news.de] *[http://www.zum.de/Faecher/Materialien/nuhn/Stadtrundgang/index.html Virtual town tour – traces of Jewish life] {{in lang|de}}

{{Commons category|Rotenburg an der Fulda}}

{{Towns and municipalities in Hersfeld-Rotenburg district}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hersfeld-Rotenburg]]