View source for Romanian Democratic Convention

{{Short description|Electoral alliance in Romania}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Romanian Democratic Convention
| native_name      = Convenția Democrată Română
| native_name_lang = ro
| logo             = Logo of the Romanian Democratic Convention.png
| colorcode        = {{party color|Romanian Democratic Convention}}
| abbreviation     = CDR
| leader           = [[Corneliu Coposu]]<br>[[Ion Rațiu]]<br>[[Ion Diaconescu]]<br>[[Emil Constantinescu]]
| founded          = {{Start date|1991|11|26|df=yes}}
| dissolved        = {{End date|2000|12||df=yes}}
| ideology         = [[Liberal democracy]]<br>[[Conservative liberalism]]<br>[[Christian democracy]]<br>[[Liberalism]]<br>[[Environmentalism]]
| position         = [[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]]
| colours          = {{color box|#FFFF01|border=darkgray}} [[Yellow]]<br>{{color box|#09367F|border=darkgray}} [[Blue]]
| slogan           = {{langx|ro|Cheia e la tine!}} (You hold the key)
| country          = Romania
}}

The '''Romanian Democratic Convention''' ({{langx|ro|Convenția Democrată Română or Convenția Democratică Română}}; abbreviated '''CDR''') was an electoral alliance of several [[democracy|democratic]], [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]], [[Anti-authoritarianism|anti-totalitarian]], and [[centre-right politics|centre-right]] [[List of political parties in Romania|political parties in Romania]], active from 1991 until 2000. The most prominent leaders of the CDR throughout the 1990s were by far [[Corneliu Coposu]], [[Ion Rațiu]], and [[Ion Diaconescu]], all three members of the [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party]] (PNȚCD) - successor and political heir to the [[National Peasants' Party]] (PNȚ), active in the [[Kingdom of Romania]] between 1926 and 1948). 

The name of the CDR was coined by [[Sergiu Cunescu]], the leader of the [[Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)|Romanian Social Democratic Party]] (PSDR), as stated in an interview during the 1990s by former [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]] re-founding president [[Radu Câmpeanu]] at ''Marius Tucă Show'' by talk show journalist [[Marius Tucă]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmpAswD0s7M |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/HmpAswD0s7M| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Radu Câmpeanu și Niculae Cerveni invitați la Marius Tucă Show|work=Marius Tucă Show|accessdate=31 May 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> An additional minor leader of the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) was [[lawyer]] and MP [[Niculae Cerveni]] (who founded PNL-CD in 1992 and subsequently ran for president on behalf of PLDR in [[2000 Romanian general election|2000]]).

== History ==

=== Political composition ===

{| class=wikitable style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;"
|+ Seat allocation following the [[1990 Romanian general election|1990 election]]
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2|Party
! colspan="2"|Parliament Seats
|-
! [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber]] 
! [[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNL
| 29
| 10
|-
| {{party color cell|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNȚCD
| 12
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Ecologist Party of Romania}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PER
| 8
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PSDR
| 2
| {{N/A}}
|-
! colspan=2 | Total
| {{Composition bar|51|395|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|12|119|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|-
|}

The core members of the CDR included the following political parties:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Roper|first=Steven D.|title=From Opposition To Government Coalition: Unity And Fragmentation Within The Democratic Convention Of Romania|journal=East European Quarterly|volume=31|issue=4|page=519|url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/62056|date=Winter 1997}}</ref>

* [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party]] (PNȚCD): (1991–2001);
* [[Green Party (Romania)|Ecologist Federation of Romania]] (FER): (1991–2001);
* [[Ecologist Party of Romania|Romanian Ecologist Party]] (PER): (1991–2000);
* [[:ro:Partidul Alianța Civică|Civic Alliance Party]] (PAC): (1991–1995);
* [[Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)|Romanian Social Democratic Party]] (PSDR): (1991–1995);
* [[Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania]] (UDMR/RMDSZ): (1991–1992, 1992–1995);
* [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL): (1991–1992, 1993–1999);
* [[:ro:Partidul Național Liberal-Convenția Democrată|National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention]] (PNL-CD): (1992–1997);
* [[:ro:Partidul Național Liberal-Aripa Tânără|National Liberal Party-Youth Wing]] (PNL-AT): (1992–1993);
* [[Liberal Party 1993|Liberal Party '93]] (PL ’93): (1993–1995);
* [[:ro:Uniunea Forțelor de Dreapta|Union of Right-leaning Forces]] (PAR, then UFD): 1996–2001;
* National Christian Democratic Alliance (ANCD): (1999–2001);
* The Moldavians' Party (PM): (1999–2001).

Eventually, some parties left (more specifically, the main faction of the PNL between 1992 and 1996, as well as the PAC, PSDR, and UDMR/RMDSZ in 1995), while other minor parties joined or were created between mergers within the alliance such as the [[Liberal Party 1993|Liberal Party '93]] (PL '93) or the [[:ro:Uniunea Forțelor de Dreapta|Union of Right-leaning Forces]] (UFD).

=== 1991–1992: Foundation ===

{| class=wikitable style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;"
|+ Seat allocation following the [[1992 Romanian general election|1992 election]]
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2|Party
! colspan="2"|Parliament Seats
|-
! [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber]] 
! [[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
|-
| {{party color cell|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNȚCD
| 41
| 21
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PAC
| 13
| 7
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNL-AT
| 11
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PSDR
| 10
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNL-CD
| 3
| 4
|-
| {{party color cell|Ecologist Party of Romania}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PER
| 4
| {{n/a}}
|-
! colspan=2 | Total
| {{Composition bar|82|341|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|34|143|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|-
|}

CDR was founded in 1991, one year before the [[1992 Romanian general election|1992 elections]], mainly by the PNȚCD and the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL). In addition, aside from the aforementioned political forces, several other noteworthy civic and cultural organisations, foundations, and other minor political parties were involved in the foundational process.

Initially, the planned name of the CDR was "The National Convention for Democracy Implementation" ({{langx|ro|Convenţia Națională pentru Implementarea Democrației}}). Subsequently, the main purpose of the CDR was to amount an effective opposition against the then all-dominating [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] (FSN), a huge parliamentary bloc made up mostly of former second and third rank members of the [[Romanian Communist Party]] (PCR), which assumed leadership of the country shortly after the [[Romanian Revolution|1989 Revolution]]. According to a later interview by Emil Constantinescu, the former President of Romania claimed that the FSN was actually made of former first rank members of the PCR.

=== 1992–1996: Opposition ===

For the period 1992–1996, CDR was the main political opposition force in the [[Parliament of Romania]] and in the local administration as well. Although the convention won the capital city of [[Bucharest]] and much of the larger urban centres at the [[1992 Romanian local elections|1992 local elections]], FSN swept over almost all rural areas and small towns.

The alliance also included the UDMR/RMDSZ, which ran on a separate list, and a number of minor parties and civic organisations that failed to gain parliamentary representation: the Democratic Unity Party, the Christian Democratic Union, the Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER), the [[Civic Alliance Foundation|Civic Alliance]] (PAC), and others. Prior to the 1992 general elections, the PNL led by Radu Câmpeanu withdrew from the CDR.

At the [[1992 Romanian general election|1992 general elections]], [[Emil Constantinescu]] was the presidential candidate of the convention. He managed to qualify in the second round where he finished second with an electoral score of 38.57% (or 4,641,207 votes).

===1996–2000: Government===

{| class=wikitable style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;"
|+ Seat allocation following the [[1996 Romanian general election|1996 election]]
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2|Party
! colspan="2"|Parliament Seats
|-
! [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber]] 
! [[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
|-
| {{party color cell|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNȚCD
| 81
| 25
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNL
| 28
| 22
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PNL-CD
| 4
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PAR
| 3
| 3
|-
| {{party color cell|Ecologist Party of Romania}}
| style="text-align: left;"|PER
| 5
| 1
|-
| {{party color cell|Ecologist Party of Romania}}
| style="text-align: left;"|FER
| 1
| 1
|-
! colspan=2 | Total
| {{Composition bar|122|343|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
| {{Composition bar|53|143|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|-
|}

In 1993, the PNL led by [[Mircea Ionescu-Quintus]] returned within the CDR. Subsequently, the CDR managed to win the [[1996 Romanian general election|1996 Romanian elections]], and the alliance's presidential candidate, once again [[Emil Constantinescu]], became president with 54.41% (or 7,057,906 votes). The [[1996 Romanian general election]] represented the first peaceful transition of power in the democratic history of Romania after the fall of Communism.

For the period 1996–2000, the CDR formed a grand coalition with the Social Democratic Union (an alliance between the [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] and PSDR) and the [[Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania|UDMR/RMDSZ]] (Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania). At governing level, this grand coalition resulted in the [[Ciorbea Cabinet]] (1996–1998), [[Vasile Cabinet]] (1998–1999), and [[Isărescu Cabinet]] (1999–2000).

===2000–2004: CDR 2000 and extra-parliamentary opposition===

Due to internal frictions within the alliance (as well as given the somewhat inconsistent and turbulent governing from 1996 to 2000), the PNL decided to withdraw from the CDR prior to the [[2000 Romanian general election|2000 general elections]]. Nonetheless, PNȚCD and other parties ran on the CDR 2000 common list for these elections. The alliance did not manage to score the same positive results as it did during the 1990s and, consequently, shortly disbanded since it did not pass the electoral threshold. However, it expressed extra-parliamentary opposition between 2000 and 2004 towards the minority [[Năstase cabinet|PDSR government]] led by [[Adrian Năstase]].

== Presidents and notable leaders ==

{{Image frame
|width=276
|content=[[File:Corneliu Coposu 2.jpg|126px]][[File:Emil Constantinescu.jpg|150px]]
|caption=The two presidents of the CDR: [[Corneliu Coposu]] (left) and [[Emil Constantinescu]] (right)
|align=right}}

* [[Corneliu Coposu]] (PNȚCD, early to mid 1990s);
* [[Ion Rațiu]] (PNȚCD, early 1990s);
* [[Ion Diaconescu]] (PNȚCD, early to late 1990s);
* [[Emil Constantinescu]] (PNȚCD, late 1990s);
* [[Radu Câmpeanu]] (PNL, only during the early 1990s);
* [[Mircea Ionescu-Quintus]] (PNL, mid to late 1990s);
* [[Niculae Cerveni]] (PNL, early 1990s, PNL-CD early to late 1990s);
* [[:ro:Géza Domokos|Géza Domokos]] (UDMR/RMDSZ, early 1990s);
* [[György Frunda]] (UDMR/RMDSZ, mid 1990s to late 1990s);
* [[Sergiu Cunescu]] (PSDR, early to mid 1990s);
* [[Otto Weber (politician)|Otto Weber]] (PER, early to late 1990s);
* [[Marcian Bleahu]] (FER, early to late 1990s).

As of mid 2023, of all the aforementioned leaders of the CDR, only Constantinescu and Frunda are still alive.

==Electoral history==
=== Legislative elections ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! rowspan="2" |Election
! colspan="3" |[[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber]]
! colspan="3" |[[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
! rowspan="2" |Position
! rowspan="2" |Aftermath
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
![[1992 Romanian general election|1992]]
|2,117,144
|19.46
|{{Composition bar|82|341|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|2,210,722
|20.16
|{{Composition bar|34|143|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Silver|2nd}}<sup>1</sup>
|{{no2|Opposition to [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PDSR]]-[[Romanian National Unity Party|PUNR]]-[[Greater Romania Party|PRM]]-[[Socialist Party of Labour|PSM]] government}} (1992–1996)
|-
![[1996 Romanian general election|1996]]
|3,692,321
|30.17
|{{Composition bar|122|343|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|3,772,084
|30.70
|{{Composition bar|53|143|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gold|1st}}<sup>2</sup>
|{{yes2|CDR-[[Social Democratic Union (Romania)|USD]]-[[Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania|UDMR]] government}} (1996–2000)
|-
![[2000 Romanian general election|2000]]
|546,135
|5.04
|{{Composition bar|0|140|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|575,706
|5.29
|{{Composition bar|0|140|hex={{party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|grey|6th}}<br /><small>(as CDR 2000)</small><sup>3</sup>
|{{no2|Extra-parliamentary opposition to [[Social Democratic Pole of Romania|PDSR]] minority government}} (2000–2004)
|}

'''Notes''':

<sup>1</sup> <small>CDR members in 1992: [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party|PNȚCD]] (21 senators and 41 deputies), [[:ro:Partidul Alianța Civică|PAC]] (7 senators and 13 deputies), [[:ro:Partidul Național Liberal-Aripa Tânără|PNL-AT]] (1 senator and 11 deputies), [[Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)|PSDR]] (1 senator and 10 deputies), [[:ro:Partidul Național Liberal-Convenția Democrată|PNL-CD]] (4 senators and 3 deputies), and [[Ecologist Party of Romania|PER]] (no senators and 4 deputies).</small>
<br />
<sup>2</sup> <small>CDR members in 1996: [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party|PNȚCD]] (25 senators and 81 deputies), [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]] (22 senators and 28 deputies), [[:ro:Partidul Național Liberal-Convenția Democrată|PNL-CD]] (1 senator and 4 deputies), [[:ro:Uniunea Forțelor de Dreapta|PAR]] (3 senators and 3 deputies), [[Ecologist Party of Romania|PER]] (1 senator and 5 deputies), and Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER - 1 senator and 1 deputy).</small>
<br />
<sup>3</sup> <small>CDR 2000 members: [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party|PNȚCD]], [[:ro:Uniunea Forțelor de Dreapta|UFD]], Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER), National Christian Democratic Alliance (ANCD), and The Moldavians Party (PM).</small>

=== Local elections ===
==== National results ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! rowspan="2"| Election
! colspan="3"| County Councilors (CJ)
! colspan="3"| Mayors
! colspan="3"| Local Councilors (CL)
! rowspan="2"| Popular vote
! rowspan="2"| %
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
![[1996 Romanian local elections|1996]]
|1,667,417
|19.53
|{{Composition bar|307|1718|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|2,712,852
|26.27
|{{Composition bar|355|2954|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|1,786,077
|19.58
|{{Composition bar|6525|33429|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Silver|2nd}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
! rowspan="2"| Election
! colspan="3"| County Presidents (PCJ)
! rowspan="2"| Position
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
![[1992 Romanian local elections|1992]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|6|41|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Silver|2nd}}
|-
![[1996 Romanian local elections|1996]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|15|41|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Silver|2nd}}
|-
![[2000 Romanian local elections|2000]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Composition bar|1|41|hex={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}}
!style="text-align: center;"|{{color box|Gray|4th}}
|}

==== Mayor of Bucharest ====
{| class=wikitable width=61%
! rowspan=2|Election
! rowspan=2|Candidate
! colspan=3|First round
! colspan=3|Second round
|-
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
|-align=center
![[1996 Romanian local elections|1996]]
| {{yes2|'''[[Victor Ciorbea]]'''}} || {{n/a}} || {{Percentage bar|39.61|c={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}} || {{color box|Gold|1st}} || {{n/a}} || {{Percentage bar|56.74|c={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}} || {{color box|Gold|1st}}
|}

=== Presidential elections ===

{| class=wikitable width=100%
! rowspan=2|Election
! rowspan=2|Candidate
! colspan=3|First round
! colspan=3|Second round
|-
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
!Votes
!Percentage
!Position
|-align=center
! [[1992 Romanian general election|1992]]
| {{no2|[[Emil Constantinescu]]}}<sup>1</sup> || 3,717,006 || {{Percentage bar|31.1|c={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}} || {{color box|Silver|2nd}} || 4,641,207 || {{Percentage bar|38.6|c={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}} || {{color box|Silver|2nd}}
|-align=center
! [[1996 Romanian general election|1996]]
| {{yes2|'''[[Emil Constantinescu]]'''}}<sup>1</sup> || 3,569,941 || {{Percentage bar|28.2|c={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}} || {{color box|Silver|2nd}} || 7,057,906 || {{Percentage bar|54.4|c={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}} || {{color box|Gold|1st}}
|-align=center
![[2000 Romanian general election|2000]]
| {{no2|[[Mugur Isărescu]]}}<sup>2</sup> || 1,069,463 || {{Percentage bar|9.5|c={{Party color|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}}}} || {{color box|grey|4th}} || bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|not qualified
|}

'''Notes''':

<sup>1</sup> <small>Emil Constantinescu was the common centre-right candidate who was endorsed by the PNȚCD both in 1992 and 1996 as part of the CDR.</small>
<br />
<sup>2</sup> <small>Mugur Isărescu was endorsed by the PNȚCD at the 2000 elections as part of the re-named CDR 2000 alliance.</small>

== Timeline of the political composition of the CDR with all of its constituent parties (1991–2000) ==

{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:25
PlotArea = left:90 bottom:80 top:10 right:10
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:26/11/1991 till:01/02/2001
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:3
ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1992
ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1992

Colors =
 id:PNȚCD   value:blue
 id:FER     value:green
 id:PER     value:rgb(0,0.46,0.23)
 id:PAC     value:yellow
 id:PSDR    value:{{party color|Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)}}
 id:UDMR    value:rgb(0.16,0.4,0.2)
 id:PNL     value:rgb(1,0.87,0)
 id:PNL-CD  value:rgb(1,0.87,0)
 id:PNL-AT  value:rgb(1,0.87,0)
 id:PL93    value:rgb(1,0.87,0)
 id:PAR     value:rgb(1,0.87,0)
 id:elections value:black  legend:Elections

LineData =
 layer:back
 color:elections
 at:09/02/1992
 at:27/09/1992
 at:11/10/1992
 at:02/06/1996
 at:03/11/1996
 at:17/11/1996
 at:26/11/1996
 at:04/06/2000
 at:26/11/2000
 at:10/12/2000

BarData =
 bar:PNȚCD   text:"PNȚCD"
 bar:FER     text:"FER"
 bar:PER     text:"PER"
 bar:PAC     text:"PAC"
 bar:PSDR    text:"PSDR"
 bar:UDMR    text:"UDMR"
 bar:PNL     text:"PNL"
 bar:PNL-CD  text:"PNL-CD"
 bar:PNL-AT  text:"PNL-AT"
 bar:PL93    text:"PL '93"
 bar:PAR     text:"UFD"

PlotData=
 width:11
 bar:PNȚCD   from:start      till:end color:PNȚCD
 bar:FER     from:start      till:end color:FER
 bar:PER     from:start      till:end color:PER
 bar:PAC     from:start      till:06/06/1995 color:PAC
 bar:PSDR    from:start      till:06/06/1995 color:PSDR
 bar:UDMR    from:start      till:06/06/1992 color:UDMR
 bar:UDMR    from:12/12/1992 till:06/06/1995 color:UDMR
 bar:PNL     from:start      till:06/06/1992 color:PNL
 bar:PNL     from:06/06/1993 till:06/06/1999 color:PNL
 bar:PNL-CD  from:06/06/1992 till:06/06/1997 color:PNL
 bar:PNL-AT  from:06/06/1992 till:06/06/1993 color:PNL
 bar:PL93    from:06/06/1993 till:06/06/1995 color:PNL
 bar:PAR     from:06/06/1996 till:end color:PAR
}}

== See also ==
* [[Politics of Romania]]
* [[List of political parties in Romania]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Dan Pavel, Iulia Huia, ''<<Nu putem reuşi decît împreună.>> O istorie analitică a Convenţiei Democratice, 1989-2000'', Editura Polirom, Iaşi, 2003
* Roper, Steven D., ''<<From Opposition to Government Coalition: Unity and Fragmentation within the Democratic Convention of Romania.>>'', East European Quarterly, 1997. Vol. 31, 4: 519–542.

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in Romania]]