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{{Short description|Academy of science}}
{{Infobox organization
| name                     = Academia Română
| logo                     = Logo of the Romanian Academy.png
| image                    = Academia Romana.jpg
| founded                  = {{Start date and age|1866|4|1}}
| location_city            = [[Calea Victoriei]], [[Bucharest]]
| location_country         = [[Romania]]
| coordinates              = {{Coord|44|26|46.83|N|26|5|24.02|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
| leader_title             = President
| leader_name              = [[Ioan-Aurel Pop]]
| leader_title2            = Vice presidents
| leader_name2             = {{ubl|
* [[Marius Andruh]]
* [[Mircea Dumitru]]
* [[Dumitru Murariu]]
* [[Nicolae-Victor Zamfir]]
}}
| leader_title3            = General Secretary
| leader_name3             = [[I. Dumitrache]]
| website                  = {{URL|https://acad.ro/}}
}}

The '''Romanian Academy''' ({{langx|ro|Academia Română}} {{IPA|ro|akadeˈmi.a roˈmɨnə|}}) is a cultural forum founded in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]], in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.

According to its [[bylaws]], the academy's main goals are the cultivation of [[Romanian language]] and [[Romanian literature]], the study of the [[History of Romania|national history of Romania]] and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language [[dictionary]] (''[[Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române]]''), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.

==History==
On the initiative of [[C. A. Rosetti]], the Academy was founded on April 1, 1866, as ''Societatea Literară Română''.  The founding members were illustrious members of the Romanian society of the age.

The name changed to ''Societatea Academică Romînă'' in 1867, and finally to ''Academia Română'' in 1879, during the reign of [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]].

The founding members of the Academy:
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Number!!class="unsortable"|Name!!Born!!Province!!Age at founding!!Died!!Member for!!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|1||[[Vasile Alecsandri]]||21 July 1821||[[Moldavia]]||{{ayd|1821|7|21|1866|4|1}}||22 August 1890||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1890|8|22}}||
|-
|2||[[Vincențiu Babeș]]||21 January 1821||[[Banat]]||{{ayd|1821|1|21|1866|4|1}}||22 January 1907||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1907|1|22}}||
|-
|3||[[George Barițiu]]||4 June 1812||[[Transylvania]]||{{ayd|1812|6|4|1866|4|1}}||2 May 1893||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1893|5|2}}||
|-
|4||[[Ioan D. Caragiani]]||11 February 1841||[[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]]||{{ayd|1841|2|11|1866|4|1}}||13 January 1921||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1921|1|13}}||Aromanian
|-
|5||[[Timotei Cipariu]]||21 February 1805||[[Transylvania]]||{{ayd|1805|2|21|1866|4|1}}||3 September 1887||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1887|9|3}}||
|-
|6||[[Dimitrie Cozacovici]]||1790||[[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]]||{{ayd|1790|1|1|1866|4|1}}<ref name="ReferenceA">Arbitrary date of January 1, as a lack of factual data to support a real birth date</ref>||31 August 1868||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1868|8|31}}||Unknown date of birth <br>Aromanian
|-
|7||[[Ambrosiu Dimitrovici]]||20 July 1838||[[Bukovina|Bucovina]]||{{ayd|1838|7|20|1866|4|1}}||3 July 1866||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1866|7|3}}||
|-
|8||[[Ștefan Gonata]]||1 February 1838||[[Bessarabia|Basarabia]]||{{ayd|1838|2|1|1866|4|1}}||18 September 1896||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1896|9|18}}||
|-
|9||[[Alexandru Hâjdeu]]||30 November 1811||[[Bessarabia|Basarabia]]||{{ayd|1811|11|30|1866|4|1}}|| 9 November 1872||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1872|11|9}}||
|-
|10||[[Ion Heliade Rădulescu]]||6 January 1802||[[Wallachia|Țara Românească]]||{{ayd|1802|1|6|1866|4|1}}||27 April 1872||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1872|4|27}}||First President of the Academy
|-
|11||[[Iosif Hodoșiu|Iosif Hodoș]]||20 October 1829||[[Transylvania]]||{{ayd|1829|10|20|1866|4|1}}||28 November 1880||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1880|11|28}}||
|-
|12||[[Alexandru Hurmuzaki]]||16 August 1823||[[Bukovina|Bucovina]]||{{ayd|1823|8|16|1866|4|1}}||8 March 1871||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1871|3|8}}||
|-
|13||[[Nicolae Ionescu]]||1820||[[Moldavia]]||{{ayd|1820|1|1|1866|4|1}}<ref name="ReferenceA"/>||24 January 1905||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1905|1|24}}||
|-
|14||[[August Treboniu Laurian]]||17 July 1810||[[Transylvania]]||{{ayd|1810|7|17|1866|4|1}}||25 February 1881||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1881|2|25}}||
|-
|15||[[Titu Maiorescu]]||15 February 1840||[[Wallachia|Țara Românească]]||{{ayd|1840|2|15|1866|4|1}}||18 June 1917||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1917|6|18}}||
|-
|16||[[I. C. Massim]]||1825||[[Wallachia|Țara Românească]]||{{ayd|1825|1|1|1866|4|1}}<ref name="ReferenceA"/>||1877||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1877|1|1}}||No known date of birth/death
|-
|17||[[Andrei Mocioni]]||27 June 1812||[[Banat]]||{{ayd|1812|6|27|1866|4|1}}||23 April 1880||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1880|4|23}}||
|-
|18||[[Gavriil Munteanu]]||February 1812||[[Transylvania]]||{{ayd|1812|2|1|1866|4|1}}||17 December 1869||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1869|12|17}}||
|-
|19||[[Costache Negruzzi]]||1808||[[Moldavia]]||{{ayd|1808|1|1|1866|4|1}}||24 August 1868||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1868|8|24}}||
|-
|20||[[Alexandru Roman]]||26 November 1826||[[Transylvania]]||{{ayd|1826|11|26|1866|4|1}}||15 September 1897||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1897|9|15}}||
|-
|21||[[C. A. Rosetti]]||2 June 1816||[[Wallachia|Țara Românească]]||{{ayd|1816|6|2|1866|4|1}}||8 April 1885||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1885|4|8}}||
|-
|22||[[Ion G. Sbiera]]||1 November 1835||[[Bukovina|Bucovina]]||{{ayd|1835|11|1|1866|4|1}}||22 October 1916||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1916|10|22}}||
|-
|23||[[Constantin Stamati]]||1786||[[Bessarabia|Basarabia]]||{{ayd|1786|1|1|1866|4|1}}||12 September 1869||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1869|9|12}}||
|-
|24||[[Ioan Străjescu]]||1833||[[Bessarabia|Basarabia]]||{{ayd|1833|1|1|1866|4|1}}||1873||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1873|1|1}}||No known date of birth/death
|-
|25||[[Vasile Urechea-Alexandrescu]]||15 February 1834||[[Moldavia]]||{{ayd|1834|2|15|1866|4|1}}||21 November 1901||{{ayd|1866|4|1|1901|11|21}}||
|-
|}

The Presidents of the Academy:
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Number!!class="unsortable"|Name!!Term began!!Term ended!!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|1||[[Ion Heliade Rădulescu]]||1867||1870||
|-
|2||[[August Treboniu Laurian]]||1870||1872||first term
|-
|3||[[Nicolae Kretzulescu]]||1872||1873||first term
|-
|4||August Treboniu Laurian||1873||1876||second term
|-
|5||[[Ion Ghica]]||1876||1882||first term
|-
|6||[[Dimitrie A. Sturdza]]||1882||1884||
|-
|7||Ion Ghica||1884||1887||second term
|-
|8||[[Mihail Kogălniceanu]]||1887||1890||
|-
|9||Ion Ghica||1890||1893||third term
|-
|10||[[George Bariț]]||5 April 1893||2 May 1893||died in office
|-
|11||[[Iacob C. Negruzzi]]||1893||1894||first term
|-
|12||Ion Ghica||1894||1895||fourth term
|-
|13||Nicolae Kretzulescu||1895||1898||second term
|-
|14||[[Petru Poni]]||1898||1901||first term
|-
|15||[[Petre S. Aurelian]]||1901||1904||
|-
|16||[[Ioan Kalinderu]]||1904||1907||
|-
|17||[[Anghel Saligny]]||1907||1910||
|-
|18||Iacob C. Negruzzi||1910||1913||second term
|-
|19||[[Constantin I. Istrati]]||1913||1916||
|-
|20||Petru Poni||1916||1920||second term
|-
|21||[[Dimitrie Onciul]]||1920||1923||
|-
|22||Iacob C. Negruzzi||1923||1926||third term
|-
|23||[[Emil Racoviță]]||1926||1929||
|-
|24||[[Ioan Bianu]]||1929||1932||
|-
|25||[[Ludovic Mrazek]]||1932||1935||
|-
|26||[[Alexandru Lapedatu]]||1935||1938||
|-
|27||[[Constantin Rădulescu-Motru]]||1938||1941||
|-
|28||[[Ion Th. Simionescu]]||1941||1944||
|-
|29||[[Dimitrie Gusti]]||1944||1946||
|-
|30||[[Andrei Rădulescu]]||1946||12 August 1948||
|-
|31||[[Traian Săvulescu]]||12 August 1948||23 December 1959||
|-
|32||[[Athanase Joja]]||1959||1963||
|-
|33||[[Ilie G. Murgulescu]]||1963||1966||
|-
|34||[[Miron Nicolescu]]||8 April 1966||30 June 1975||died in office
|-
|&nbsp;||[[Șerban Țițeica]]||1975||1976||acting
|-
|35||[[Theodor Burghele]]||1976||3 June 1977||died in office
|-
|&nbsp;||[[Cristofor Simionescu]]||3 June 1977||19 March 1980||acting
|-
|36||[[Gheorghe Mihoc]]||19 March 1980||25 December 1981||died in office
|-
|&nbsp;||[[Ioan Anton]]||25 December 1981||13 November 1984||acting
|-
|37||[[Radu Voinea]]||13 November 1984||2 February 1990||
|-
|38||[[Mihai Drăgănescu]]||2 February 1990||18 January 1994||
|-
|39||[[Virgiliu N. G. Constantinescu]]||1994||1998||
|-
|40||[[Eugen Simion]]||16 January 1998||20 April 2006||
|-
|41||[[Ionel Haiduc]]||20 April 2006||8 April 2014||
|-
|42||[[Ionel Valentin Vlad]]||8 April 2014||24 December 2017||died in office
|-
|&nbsp;||[[Cristian Hera]]||5 January 2018||5 April 2018||acting
|-
|43||[[Ioan-Aurel Pop]]||5 April 2018||present||
|}

==Library==
[[File:Biblioteca Academiei Române.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Romanian Academy Library building]]
Established in 1867, the ''Bibilioteca Academiei Române'' has a collection of over seven million books and collections of drawings, engravings, maps, and coins.<ref name="IAP">[http://www.interacademies.net/Academies/ByRegion/SouthEasternEurope/13062.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724182133/http://www.interacademies.net/Academies/ByRegion/SouthEasternEurope/13062.aspx |date=2017-07-24 }} at [http://www.interacademies.net/ IAP, Global Network of Science Academies].</ref> The Academy also operates its own publishing house.<ref name=IAP />

== Extremism ==

{{ill|Alexandru Mihăescu|de}} describes it in 2025 as infested with nationalists, sovereignists, and [[Dacianism|protochronists]].<ref name="d772">{{Bulleted list|{{cite web | last=Mihăescu | first=Alexandru | title=Semnal negativ: Academia Română vrea să se implice formal în activitatea Ministerului Educației. Academia e populată de naționaliști, "suveraniști" și promovează masiv curentul protocronist apărut în perioada comunistă | website=G4Media.ro | date=25 June 2025 | url=https://www.g4media.ro/semnal-negativ-academia-romana-vrea-sa-se-implice-formal-in-activitatea-ministerului-educatiei-academia-e-populata-de-nationalisti-suveranisti-si-promoveaza-masiv-curentul-pr.html | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}|{{cite web | last=Pantazi | first=Cristian | title=Cu URSS în inimă și Lenin pe buze. Scandalul respingerii lui Mircea Cărtărescu de către Academia Română | website=G4Media.ro | date=14 February 2025 | url=https://www.g4media.ro/cu-urss-in-inima-si-lenin-pe-buze-scandalul-respingerii-lui-mircea-cartarescu-de-catre-academia-romana.html | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}|{{cite web | last=Pantazi | first=Cristian | title=Falimentul moral al Academiei Române sub patronajul lui Ioan Aurel Pop: Protejează legionarii condamnați, premiază securiști, omagiază turnători, primește penali ca membri, promovează AUR și protocronismul ceaușist | website=G4Media.ro | date=10 December 2024 | url=https://www.g4media.ro/falimentul-moral-al-academiei-romane-sub-patronajul-lui-ioan-aurel-pop-protejeaza-legionarii-condamnati-premiaza-securisti-omagiaza-turnatori-primeste-penali-ca-membri-promoveaza-aur-si-protocron.html | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}|{{cite web | last=Milonean | first=Ioana | title=Zeci de istorici, profesori universitari și experți cer public Academiei Române să îi retragă diploma acordată lui Alex Mihai Stoenescu, turnător la Securitate cu decizie definitivă în justiție / "Delațiunile sale au trimis oameni în închisoare" | website=G4Media.ro | date=9 December 2024 | url=https://www.g4media.ro/zeci-de-istorici-profesori-universitari-si-experti-cer-public-academiei-romane-sa-ii-retraga-diploma-acordata-lui-alex-mihai-stoenescu-turnator-la-securitate-cu-decizie-definitiva-in-justitie.html | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}|{{cite web | last=Pavel | first=Andreea | title=Academia Română l-a premiat pe Alex Mihai Stoenescu, turnător la Securitate cu decizie definitivă în justiție. Stoenescu e un controversat istoric amator, acuzat de Michael Shafir că a apărat Mișcarea Legionară / Stoenescu a fost prim-vicepreședintele fostului partid al lui Gigi Becali | website=G4Media.ro | date=4 December 2024 | url=https://www.g4media.ro/academia-romana-l-a-premiat-pe-alex-mihai-stoenescu-turnator-la-securitate-cu-decizie-definitiva-in-justitie-stoenescu-e-un-controversat-istoric-amator-acuzat-de-michael-shafir-ca-a-aparat-miscarea.html | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}|{{cite web | last=Mihăescu | first=Alexandru | title=Membru al Academiei Române despre protestele anti-Călin Georgescu: E în cale afară de ciudat cât de manipulați sunt tinerii de pe străzi căci resping tendința pro-pace al cărei exponent este Calin Georgescu / Soros cu ong-urile și cu milioanele lui s-au izbit de partidul invizibil al pro-familiștilor creștini și al tradiționaliștilor | website=G4Media.ro | date=1 December 2024 | url=https://www.g4media.ro/membru-al-academiei-romane-despre-protestele-anti-calin-georgescu-e-in-cale-afara-de-ciudat-cat-de-manipulati-sunt-tinerii-de-pe-strazi-caci-resping-tendinta-pro-pace-al-carei-exponent-este-calin-geo.html | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}|{{cite web | last=Mihăescu | first=Alexandru | title=Cu cine face Academia Română dezbateri despre noul "proiect național românesc": Un candidat al partidului extremist AUR, un sociolog care a scris postfața la cartea lui Dughin și un cercetător care susține că "americanii au declanșat războiul în Europa" | website=G4Media.ro | date=18 November 2024 | url=https://www.g4media.ro/cu-cine-face-academia-romana-dezbateri-despre-noul-proiect-national-romanesc-un-candidat-al-partidului-extremist-aur-un-sociolog-care-a-scris-postfata-la-cartea-lui-dughin-si-un-ce.html | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}}}</ref><ref name="r115">{{cite web | last=Redactia Hotnews | title=Academia Romana preia propaganda PSD: In pline proteste anticoruptie, face apel la cetateni sa lupte pentru integritatea teritoriala a Romaniei | website=HotNews.ro | date=9 February 2017 | url=https://hotnews.ro/academia-romana-preia-propaganda-psd-in-pline-proteste-anticoruptie-face-apel-la-cetateni-sa-lupte-pentru-integritatea-teritoriala-a-romaniei-437781 | language=ro | access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref> According to Mihăescu, it is a supporter of pro-Russian propaganda and extremism.<ref name="d772"/>

==See also==
*[[List of members of the Romanian Academy]]
*[[List of purged members of the Romanian Academy]]
*[[Romanian Academy of Sciences]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.acad.ro}}
*{{MacTutor|class=Societies|id=Romanian_Academy|title=The Romanian Academy}}

{{Romanian language}}
{{International Science Council}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Romanian Academy| ]]
[[Category:National academies of arts and humanities|Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:National academies|Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:Culture of Romania|Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:Language regulators|Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:1866 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:Members of the International Council for Science]]
[[Category:Members of the International Science Council]]