View source for Roma Termini railway station

{{short description|Railway station in Rome, Italy}}
{{redirect|Rome railway station}}
{{redirect|Stazione Termini|the 1953 film|Terminal Station (film)}}
{{Expand Italian|topic=transp|Stazione di Roma Termini|date=August 2011}}
{{for-multi|the Rome Metro station underneath Termini|Termini (Rome Metro)|the Italian town|Termini Imerese}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox station
| name        = Roma {{nobold|Termini}}
| style            = Trenitalia
| image       = Roma termini 01.jpg
| alt         = 
| caption     = 
| address     = Piazzale dei Cinquecento<br />00185 [[Rome]]
| country     = Italy
| coordinates = {{coord|41|54|03|N|12|30|07|E|region:IT-RM|display=inline,title}},
|mapframe=yes
|mapframe-caption=Click on the map for a fullscreen view
|mapframe-zoom=12
|mapframe-marker=rail
| elevation   = 
| owned       = [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]]
| operator    = [[Grandi Stazioni]]
| lines       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway|Rome–Florence (high-speed)]]
* [[Florence–Rome railway|Rome–Florence (traditional)]]
* [[Rome–Naples high-speed railway|Rome–Naples (high-speed)]]
* [[Rome–Formia–Naples railway|Rome–Formia–Naples]]
* [[Rome–Cassino–Naples railway|Rome–Cassino–Naples]]
* Rome–Nettuno
* [[Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway|Rome–Pisa]]
* [[Rome–Sulmona–Pescara railway|Rome–Pescara]]
* [[Rome–Ancona railway|Rome–Ancona]]
* Rome–Viterbo
* Rome–Velletri
* Rome–Albano
* [[Rome–Frascati railway|Rome–Frascati]]
* [[Rome–Fiumicino railway|Rome–Fiumicino]]
 }}
| distance    = 
| platforms   = 32
| architect   = 
| opened      = {{Start date and age|1862|df=y}}
| rebuilt     = 
| closed      = 
| iata        = XRJ
| electrified = 
| services    = 
| connections = {{Plainlist|
* [[File:Tren.svg|24px]] [[Commuter rail]] ([[FL4 (Lazio regional railways)|FL4]], [[FL5 (Lazio regional railways)|FL5]], [[FL6 (Lazio regional railways)|FL6]], [[FL7 (Lazio regional railways)|FL7]], [[FL8 (Lazio regional railways)|FL8]], [[Rome-Giardinetti railway|Rome-Giardinetti]])
* [[File:Italian traffic signs - icona metropolitana inv 2.svg|24px]] [[Termini (Rome Metro)|Rome Metro]] ([[Line A (Rome Metro)|Line A]] and [[Line B (Rome Metro)|Line B]])
* [[File:Italian traffic signs - icona tram inv 2.svg|24px]] [[Trams in Rome|Tram]] stop
* [[File:Urban trolleybus inv 2.svg|24px]] [[Trolleybuses in Rome|Trolleybus]] stop
* [[File:Aiga bus inv.svg|24px]] Bus stop and airport shuttles
* [[File:Aiga taxi inv.svg|24px]] Taxi stand
* [[File:20 airtransportation inv.svg|24px]] ''[[Leonardo Express]]''
}}
}}
[[Image:Stazione20Termini201890.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Façade of the first permanent Termini station, circa 1890. The [[List of obelisks in Rome|obelisk]] on the right, a memorial to Italian casualties in [[battle of Dogali]], is now in a nearby street, via delle Terme di Diocleziano.]]
[[Image:Roma termini 02.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Interior of the station building <br /> (Feb 2017)]]
[[Image:Roma termini 03.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Platforms and concourse area is separated by ticket control gate for security reason <br /> (Feb 2017)]]
[[Image:Roma termini 04.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Concourse area <br /> (Feb 2017)]]

'''Roma Termini''' (in [[Italian language|Italian]], ''Stazione Termini'') {{airport codes|XRJ}} is the main [[railway station]] of [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. It is named after the district of the same name, which in turn took its name from ancient [[Baths of Diocletian]] (in [[Latin language|Latin]], ''[[thermae]]''), which lies across the street from the main entrance.<ref>{{cite book | title=Guida d'Italia. Roma | publisher=Touring Club Italiano | year=1999 | location=Milan | page=162}}: "il toponimo deriva dalle terme di Diocleziano" ("the toponym derives from the Baths of Diocletian").</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://exhibitions.kelsey.lsa.umich.edu/galleries/Exhibits/Empire2/objects/termini.html|title = Piazza di Termini: A Timeline of Urban Development}}</ref> It is Italy's busiest railway station and [[List of busiest railway stations in Europe|the fifth-busiest in Europe]], with a traffic volume of approximately 150 million passengers per year,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-busiest-railway-stations-in-europe.html|title=The Busiest Railway Stations In Europe|date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> and with 850 trains in transit per day.<ref name="Grandi Stazioni">{{cite web|url=https://www.grandistazioni.it/content/grandiStazioni/it/le-nostre-stazioni/roma-termini.html|title= Roma Termini, Grandi Stazioni Rail|language=it}}</ref>

==Overview==
The station has regular train services to all major Italian cities, as well as daily international services to [[Munich]], [[Geneva]], and [[Vienna]]. 150 million passengers use Roma Termini each year and 850 trains run in and out of the station per day.<ref name=termini>{{cite web |url=https://www.grandistazioni.it/content/grandiStazioni/it/le-nostre-stazioni/roma-termini.html |language=Italian|title=Roma Termini|publisher=[[Grandi Stazioni]]|date=2017|access-date=1 September 2023}}</ref> With 32 platforms,<ref>{{cite web |title=Trains to Roma Termini |url=https://www.thetrainline.com/en/stations/roma-termini#:~:text=Roma%20Termini%20train%20station&text=From%2032%20platforms%2C%20850%20trains,station%20in%20just%2030%20minutes. |website=Trainline |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref> Roma Termini is the joint largest railway station in [[Europe]], tied with [[Paris]]' [[Gare du Nord]] and Munich's [[München Hbf]].<ref name = "world atlas european train stations records">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/europe-s-record-holding-railway-stations.html |title=Europe's Record-Holding Railway Stations |publisher=worldatlas.com |date=23 October 2017 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=1 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101000000/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/europe-s-record-holding-railway-stations.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Termini is also the main hub for public transports inside Rome. Two [[Rome Metro]] lines (A and B) intersect at [[Termini (Rome Metro)|Termini metro station]], and a major bus station is located at Piazza dei Cinquecento, the square in front of the station. However, the main [[Trams in Rome|tram lines of the city]] cross at [[Porta Maggiore]], some {{Convert|1500|m}} east of the station.

On 23 December 2006, the station was dedicated to [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref name=termini/>

==History==
On 25 February 1863, [[Pope Pius IX]] opened the first, temporary Termini Station as the terminus of the [[Rome–Frascati railway|Rome–Frascati]], [[Rome–Civitavecchia railway|Rome–Civitavecchia]] and Rome-[[Ceprano]] lines.

The first two lines previously had separate stations elsewhere in the city, and, as the third line was under development, the city chose to build one central station, as opposed to the [[Paris]] model of having separate terminus stations for each line or each direction. The dilapidated Villa Montalto-Peretti, erected in the 16th century by [[Pope Sixtus V]], was chosen as the site for this new station, which was to be called the "Stazione Centrale delle Ferrovie Romane" (Central Station of Roman Railways).

Construction of the permanent station began in 1868, in the last years of the Papal [[Temporal power (Papal)|Temporal Power]] over the city of Rome, and was completed in 1874 after the [[Capture of Rome]] and installing of the government of [[Italian Unification|United Italy]]. It was laid out according to a plan by the architect [[Salvatore Bianchi]]. The front of this station reached [[Via Cavour, Rome|Via Cavour]], which means it extended some {{Convert|200|m}} deeper into the city than the current station.

In 1937, it was decided to replace the old station, as part of the planning for the [[Esposizione universale (1942)|1942 World's Fair]], which was never held because of the outbreak of [[World War II]]. The old station was demolished, and part of the new station was constructed, but in 1943, upon the collapse of the [[History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars|Italian fascist government]], works were halted. The side structures of the design by [[Angiolo Mazzoni]] still form part of the present-day station.<ref name="Grandi Stazioni"/>

==The station building today==
The current building was designed by the two teams selected through a competition in 1947: [[Leo Calini]] and [[:it:Eugenio_Montuori|Eugenio Montuori]]; [[Massimo Castellazzi]], [[Vasco Fadigati]], [[Achille Pintonello]] and [[Annibale Vitellozzi]]. It was inaugurated in 1950. The building is characterized by the linear lobby hall, a tall space of monumental dimensions. This great hall is fronted by full-height glass walls, and is covered by a concrete roof that consists of a flattened and segmented arch, a modernist version of a barrel vault from a Roman bath. The vault is structurally integrated with a cantilevered canopy that extends over the entrance drive. The result is a gravity-defying [[Modern architecture|modernist]] structure that also recalls a similar achievement of Roman architecture. The back of the hall leads to a transition space of ticketing functions and shops before reaching the train shed, and is topped by an even longer building block that houses a 10-story hotel, clad with [[travertine]].

Access to the platforms can be gained on the main level and also via a subterranean passageway reached by escalators, both routes currently endowed with additional security measures.

Architecturally, the building expresses the sense of arrival in Rome, and communicates a sense of the Eternal City as both modern and traditional, looking forward to the future as well as remembering its history. Its bold presence in the urban fabric expresses the diversity of the city's history, and speaks of the dramatic new scale of the modern industrial economy of Italy.

The anodized aluminium frieze panels set in sequence along the length of the glass wall are the work of Hungarian-Italian artist [[Amerigo Tot]]. The composition is said to relate to the theme of capturing the dynamics in sound and speed of a train.<ref name="Grandi Stazioni"/>

==Servian Walls==
A length of the early 4th century BC Roman [[Servian Wall]] is preserved outside the station.

== Interchanges ==
* [[Image:Metropolitana di Roma - logo linea A.svg|28px|Metropolitana]] [[Image:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|28px|Metropolitana]] [[Termini (Rome Metro)|Termini]] interchange station for [[Line B (Rome Metro)|Line B]] and [[Line A (Rome Metro)|Line A]] on the [[Rome Metro]].
* [[Image:Ferrovia Roma-Giardinetti.svg|24px|Metropolitana]] [[Termini-Laziali (Rome–Giardinetti railway)|Roma Laziali]] station on the [[Rome–Giardinetti railway]].
* [[File:Feature suburban buses.svg|20px|public transportation]] 5 – 14 (Tram Line) – H – 38 – 40 Express – 64 – 66 – 70 – 75 – 82 – 90 Express – 92 – 105 – 150F – 223 – 310 – 590 – 714 – 910 – nMA – nMB – nMB1 – n5 – n8 – n11 – n46 – n66 – n70 – n92 – n98 – n543 – n716 – C2 – C3

==Train services==
The services serving the station include the following (incomplete):

*High speed services (''Frecciarossa'') ''Turin – Milan – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Naples – Salerno''
*High speed services (''Italo'') ''Turin – Milan – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Naples – Salerno''
*High speed services (''Frecciarossa'') ''Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Naples – Salerno''
*High speed services (''Italo'') ''Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Trieste – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Fiumicino Airport''
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Udine – Treviso – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Bolzano/Bozen – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Brescia – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*High speed services (''italo'') ''Brescia – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome'' – Naples
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Rome – Foggia – Bari – Brindisi – Lecce''
*High speed services (''Frecciargento'') ''Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Reggio di Calabria''
*High speed services (''Frecciabianca'') ''Turin – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Livorno – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciabianca'') ''Milan – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Florence – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciabianca'') ''Ravenna – Rimini – Foligno – Terni – Rome''
*High speed services (''Frecciabianca'') ''Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Reggio di Calabria''
*Intercity services ''Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Messina – Palermo / Siracusa''
*Intercity services ''Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Reggio di Calabria''
*Intercity services ''Rome – Naples – Salerno – Taranto''
*Intercity services ''Rome – Foggia – Bari (- Taranto)''
*Intercity services ''Ventimiglia – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Livorno – Rome''
*Intercity services ''Turin – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Livorno – Rome – Naples – Salerno''
*Intercity services ''Livorno – Civitavecchia – Rome – Naples''
*Intercity services ''Trieste – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*Intercity services ''Ancona – Foligno – Terni – Rome''
*Intercity services ''Perugia – Foligno – Terni – Rome''
*Night train (''EuroNight'') ''Vienna – Klagenfurt – Villach – Venice – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*Night train (''EuroNight'') ''Munich – Wörgl – Innsbruck – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome''
*Night train (''Intercity Notte'') ''Trieste – Udine – Treviso – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Rome''
*Night train (''Intercity Notte'') ''Bolzano/Bozen – Verona – Rome''
*Night train (''Intercity Notte'') ''Rome – Foggia – Bari – Brindisi – Lecce''
*Night train (''Intercity Notte'') ''Rome – Naples – Messina – Palermo / Siracusa''
*Regional services (''Leonardo Express'') ''Rome – Fiumicino Airport''
*Regional services (''Treno Regionale'') ''Rome – Pomezia – Latina – Formia – Minturno – Naples''
*Regional services (''Treno Regionale'') ''Rome – Pomezia – Nettuno''
*Regional services (''Treno Regionale'') ''Rome – Venafro – Roccaravindola''
*Regional services (''Treno Regionale'') ''Rome – Ciampino – Zagarolo – Collefero – Frosinone''
*Regional services (''Treno Regionale'') ''Rome – Ciampino – Albano Laziale''
*Regional services (''Treno Regionale'') ''Rome – Ciampino – Velletri''
*Regional services (''Treno Regionale'') ''Civitavecchia – Cerveteri – Rome''

{{Adjacent stations|system51=FL lines
|line51=4|right51=Capannelle
|line52=5|right52=Roma Tuscolana
|line53=6|right53=Capannelle
|line54=7|right54=Torricola
|line55=8|right55=Torricola
}}

==In popular culture==
*''[[Terminal Station (film)|Stazione Termini]]'' (1953)
*''[[Indiscretion of an American Wife]]'' (1954)
*''[[Come September]]'' (1961)

== See also ==
{{Portal|Architecture|Trains}}
* [[History of rail transport in Italy]]
* [[List of railway stations in Lazio]]
* [[Rail transport in Italy]]
* [[Railway stations in Italy]]
* [[Roma Tiburtina railway station]], the second-largest station in Rome
* [[Roma Ostiense railway station]], the third-largest station in Rome
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Roma Termini railway station}}
* [http://www.romatermini.com/ Official page at Grandistazioni website]

{{Grandi Stazioni}}
{{Railway stations in Rome}}
{{Italian railway stations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roma Termini Railway Station}}
[[Category:Railway stations in Rome|Termini]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Italy opened in 1862]]
[[Category:Rome R. XV Esquilino]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in the Papal States]]