View source for Roberval, Quebec

{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | name                 = Roberval
 | native_name          = 
 | settlement_type      = [[City (Quebec)|City]]
 | image_skyline        = Roberval2.jpg
 | image_caption        = Route 169
 | image_flag           = 
 | flag_size            = 120x100px
 | image_shield         = Blason ville ca Roberval 1959 (Québec).svg
 | shield_size          = 100x80px
 | nickname             = 
 | motto                = 
 | image_map            = Carte MRC Le Domaine-du-Roy- Roberval.svg
 | pushpin_map          = Canada Lac-Saint-Jean Quebec
 | pushpin_label_position = left
 | pushpin_label        = 
 | pushpin_map_caption  = Location in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean Quebec
 | coordinates          = {{coord|48|31|04|N|72|13|19|W|region:CA-QC|notes=<ref>{{cite cgndb|EHWMB|Roberval}}</ref>|display=inline,title}}
 | coor_pinpoint        = 
 | coordinates_footnotes= <ref name="toponymie"/>
 | subdivision_type     = Country
 | subdivision_name     = Canada
 | subdivision_type1    = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
 | subdivision_name1    = [[Quebec]]
 | subdivision_type2    = [[Region (Quebec)|Region]]
 | subdivision_name2    = [[Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean]]
 | subdivision_type3    = [[Regional county municipality|RCM]]
 | subdivision_name3    = [[Le Domaine-du-Roy]]
 | established_title    = Settled
 | established_date     = 1850s
 | established_title1   = Constituted
 | established_date1    = December 23, 1976
 | government_footnotes = <ref name=mamrot>Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire - Répertoire des municipalités: [http://www.mamrot.gouv.qc.ca/repertoire-des-municipalites/fiche/municipalite/91025/ Roberval]</ref>
 | government_type      = 
 | leader_title         = Mayor
 | leader_name          = Jean-Francois Boily
 | leader_title1        = [[List of Canadian federal electoral districts|Federal riding]]
 | leader_name1         = [[Lac-Saint-Jean]]
 | leader_title2        = [[List of Quebec provincial electoral districts|Prov. riding]]
 | leader_name2         = [[Roberval (provincial electoral district)|Roberval]]
 | area_footnotes       = <ref name=mamrot/><ref name="cp2021">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Roberval&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A00052491025 |title=Roberval census profile |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=[[Canada 2021 Census|2021 Census data]] |access-date=2022-03-28}}</ref>
 | area_total_km2       = 200.80
 | area_land_km2        = 151.36
 | area_urban_km2       = 5.36
 | area_water_km2       =
 | elevation_footnotes  = 
 | elevation_m          = 
 | population_footnotes = <ref name="cp2021"/>
 | population_total     = 9840
 | population_as_of     = 2021
 | population_density_km2= 65
 | population_urban     = 8056
 | population_density_urban_km2= 1503.4
 | population_blank1_title= Pop&nbsp;<small>(2016–21)</small>
 | population_blank1    = {{decrease}} 2.1%
 | population_blank2_title= Dwellings
 | population_blank2    = 4838
 | population_note     = 
 | timezone             = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
 | utc_offset           = −05:00
 | timezone_DST         = EDT
 | utc_offset_DST       = −04:00
 | postal_code_type     = [[Canadian postal code|Postal code(s)]]
 | postal_code          = [[List of G postal codes of Canada|G8H]]
 | area_codes            = [[Area codes 418 and 581|418 and 581]]
 | blank_name           = Highways
 | blank_info           = {{jct|state=QC|QC|169}}
 | website              = {{Official URL}}
 | footnotes            = 
}}
'''Roberval''' ({{IPA|fr|ʁɔbɛʁval}}) is a city on the south-western shore of [[Lac Saint-Jean]] in the [[Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality]] of [[Quebec]], Canada. With a population of 9,840 in the [[Canada 2021 Census]], it is the fourth largest city on this lake after [[Alma, Quebec|Alma]], [[Dolbeau-Mistassini]] and [[Saint-Félicien, Quebec|Saint-Félicien]].
It is the seat of the Domaine-du-Roy RCM and the main service centre for the region with a [[hospital]] and some government services. It is also the seat of the [[Judicial districts of Quebec|judicial district]] of Roberval.<ref>[http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/D_11/D11_A.HTM ''Territorial Division Act'']. ''Revised Statutes of Quebec'' D-11.</ref>

It is the only Lac Saint-Jean town whose core is directly on the lakeshore.

[[Benoît Bouchard]], former cabinet Minister and Canadian Ambassador in France, and [[Michel Gauthier]], former federal [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition]], represented the area in the federal parliament. [[Bernard Lord]] the former [[Premier]] of [[New Brunswick]] was born here.

Roberval was the 2008 winner of ''[[Kraft Hockeyville]]''. In their newly renovated arena, Roberval hosted an NHL preseason game between the [[Montreal Canadiens]] and the [[Buffalo Sabres]] on September 23, 2008.

Roberval is the home of the Traversée internationale du lac St-Jean, an annual swimming competition held since 1955. The major competition feature the crossing of Lake St-Jean over a distance of {{convert|32|km|abbr=on}}. The [[2010 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships]] were also hosted in Roberval.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120908224653/http://www.roberval2010.com/ Roberval 2010 - Information Center - Championnat]}}</ref>

==History==
Circa 1850, the first settlers began to colonize the area, followed afterwards by families especially from the [[Charlevoix]] area. The settlement, the oldest village on the shores of Lake Saint-Jean, was first known as Notre-Dame-du-Lac-Saint-Jean, named after the parish founded in 1854. A few years later in 1857, the Municipality of Lac-Saint-Jean was formed but in 1859 was split into several municipalities including the Municipality of Roberval. It was named after the geographic township of Roberval, which in turn was named by surveyor Joseph Bouchette in honour of the first [[Lieutenant General of New France]] [[Jean-François Roberval|Jean-François de la Roque de Roberval]] (1496–1560). In 1862, the Roberval post office opened.<ref name="toponymie">{{cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=53753 |title=Roberval (Ville) |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |access-date=2010-12-03 |language=fr}}</ref>

[[File:Lac Saint-Jean 1928.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Flood in Roberval in 1928]]
In 1884, the settlement separated from the municipality to form the Village Municipality of Roberval. It experienced rapid growth in the 1880s when [[Horace Jansen Beemer]], an American entrepreneur from Philadelphia, came to Roberval. He established logging and sawmill businesses and led the construction of the railroad to [[Quebec City]] in 1888. Beemer personally took care of logging, land speculation, and construction of railway bridges. He also built a tourist complex in Roberval in 1898, centred on fishing for landlocked salmon and organized excursions to the Grande Décharge (outlet of Lake Saint-Jean). A fire destroyed the Grand Hotel Roberval in 1908, putting an abrupt end to luxury tourism in the Lake Saint-Jean area.<ref name=toponymie/>

In 1903, the village of Roberval gained town (''ville'') status, and in 1956, city (''cité'') status. In 1976, it merged with the Municipality of Roberval to form the current city.<ref name=toponymie/>

==Geography==
===Climate===
Roberval has a cold and highly seasonal [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''), with mild summers, cold winters and high annual snowfall. Due to [[seasonal lag]] and influence from the nearby lake, September is well above the [[subarctic climate|subarctic]] threshold as the fourth warmest month.

{{Weather box
|location = Roberval, Quebec
|metric first = yes
|single line= yes
|Jan record high C = 14.5
|Feb record high C = 11.5
|Mar record high C = 17.8
|Apr record high C = 30.9
|May record high C = 34.2
|Jun record high C = 35.8
|Jul record high C = 36.5
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 33.1
|Oct record high C = 25.8
|Nov record high C = 20.8
|Dec record high C = 12.2
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan high C = −11.1
|Feb high C = -8.0
|Mar high C = -1.5
|Apr high C = 7.0
|May high C = 15.8
|Jun high C = 21.5
|Jul high C = 23.7
|Aug high C = 22.5
|Sep high C = 17.4
|Oct high C = 9.8
|Nov high C = 1.5
|Dec high C = -6.3
|year high C = 7.7
|Jan mean C = −16.4
|Feb mean C = −13.4
|Mar mean C = −6.9
|Apr mean C = 1.9
|May mean C = 9.9
|Jun mean C = 15.6
|Jul mean C = 18.3
|Aug mean C = 17.1
|Sep mean C = 12.3
|Oct mean C = 5.4
|Nov mean C = -2.3
|Dec mean C = -10.9
|year mean C = 2.6
|Jan low C = −21.7
|Feb low C = -18.8
|Mar low C = -12.2
|Apr low C = -3.2
|May low C = 3.9
|Jun low C = 9.7
|Jul low C = 12.9
|Aug low C = 11.6
|Sep low C = 7.1
|Oct low C = 1.0
|Nov low C = -6.1
|Dec low C = −15.4
|year low C = -2.6
|Jan record low C = -38.6
|Feb record low C = −38.9
|Mar record low C = −33.1
|Apr record low C = -24.5
|May record low C = -10.6
|Jun record low C = -2.2
|Jul record low C = 3.9
|Aug record low C = 0.0
|Sep record low C = -4.4
|Oct record low C = -11.7
|Nov record low C = -24.2
|Dec record low C = -39.2
|year record low C = -39.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 54.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 43.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 51.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 63.2
|May precipitation mm = 73.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 82.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 105.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 86.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 84.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 71.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 84.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 63.8
|year precipitation mm = 864.9
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm= 4.5
|Feb rain mm= 3.3
|Mar rain mm= 13.6
|Apr rain mm= 36.0
|May rain mm= 69.0
|Jun rain mm= 82.9
|Jul rain mm= 105.7
|Aug rain mm= 86.2
|Sep rain mm= 83.9
|Oct rain mm= 63.5
|Nov rain mm= 36.3
|Dec rain mm= 9.4
|year rain mm= 594.2
|snow colour = green
|Jan snow cm= 51.6
|Feb snow cm= 41.6
|Mar snow cm= 39.7
|Apr snow cm= 26.2
|May snow cm= 4.8
|Jun snow cm= 0.0
|Jul snow cm= 0.0
|Aug snow cm= 0.0
|Sep snow cm= 0.1
|Oct snow cm= 7.7
|Nov snow cm= 48.5
|Dec snow cm= 56.9
|year snow cm= 277.1
|source 1 = [[Environment Canada]]<ref name="climate">{{cite web
|url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=roberval&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=5934&dispBack=1| title = Roberval, Quebec Climate | work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| date = 31 October 2011 | publisher = Environment Canada| language = en, fr| access-date = June 19, 2015}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

== Demographics ==
[[File:Mairiederoberval.jpg|thumb|left|Roberval City Hall, a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site of Canada]]<ref>{{CRHP|14507|Roberval Town Hall|9 April 2012}}</ref>]]
In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Roberval had a population of {{val|9840|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|4520|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|4838|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:9840-10046}}|10046|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|10046|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|151.36|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|9840|151.36|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000224 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=August 29, 2022}}</ref>

In 2021, the median age was 52.4, as opposed to 41.6 for all of Canada. [[French language|French]] was the [[mother tongue]] of 98.0% of residents in 2021. The next most common mother tongues were [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]] at 0.8%, followed by [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] at 0.3%. 0.2% reported both English and French as their first language. Additionally there were 0.5% who reported both French and a non-official language as their mother tongue.

As of 2021, [[First Nations in Canada|Indigenous peoples]] comprised 11.0% of the population, most of whom were [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]], and visible minorities contributed 0.8%. The largest visible minority groups in Dolbeau-Mistassini are Latin American (0.3%) and Black (0.2%).

In 2021, 79.8% of the population identified as [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], a 14.6% decrease from 2011, while 13.6% said they had no religious affiliation. [[Baptists]] were the largest religious minority, making up 0.3% of the population.

Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were:
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
!Ethnic origin
!2021
|-
|''[[Canadians|Canadian]]''
|42.2%
|-
|[[French people|French]]
|18.1%
|-
|[[Québécois people|Québécois]]
|15.9%
|-
|[[French Canadians|French Canadian]]
|10.9%
|-
|[[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]
|6.1%
|-
|[[Innu]]
|3.5%
|-
|[[Métis]]
|1.4%
|}

<small>''(Percentages may total more than 100% due to rounding and multiple responses).''</small>

{{Historical populations
| title= Historical Census Data - Roberval, Quebec
| percentages = 
| shading = off
| align = none
| cols = 3
| 1891 |783
| 1901 |1248
| 1911 |1737
| 1921 |2068
| 1931 |2770
| 1941 |3220
| 1951 |4897
| 1956 |6648
| 1961 |7739
| 1966 |8552
| 1971 |8330
| 1976 |8543
| 1981 |11391
| 1986 |11448
| 1991 |11628
| 1996 |11640
| 2001 |10906
| 2006 |10544
| 2011 |10227
| 2016 |10046
| 2021 |9840
| footnote =
| source = Statistics Canada<ref name="scpast">[[Canada 1996 Census|1996]], [[Canada 2001 Census|2001]], [[Canada 2006 Census|2006]], [[Canada 2011 Census|2011]], [[Canada 2016 Census|2016]], [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]] census</ref>
}}

== Education ==
Roberval has two [[primary school]]s: Notre-Dame et Benoît-Duhamel and a [[secondary school]] la Cité Étudiante. There are also two centres for adult training: Ste-Ursules et le Centre de formation professionnelle (CFP).

=== The Ursulines ===
Founded in 1882 by Sister [[Malvina Gagné|Saint-Raphaël]], the [[Ursulines|Ursuline]] convent was the first domestic sciences school in Canada. There was also an agricultural school.<ref name=patri/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/QuebecHistory/encyclopedia/Ursulines-QuebecHistory.htm |title=Ursulines |encyclopedia=The Quebec History Encyclopedia |publisher=Marionopolis College}}</ref>

Fires in 1897 and 1919 led to rebuilding and improvement of facilities.<ref name=patri>{{cite web |url=http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=25517&type=pge |title=Ursulines de Roberval |work=Répertoire dupatrimoineculturel du Québec |publisher=Government of Quebec |language=fr}}</ref>

Following a fire in 2005, a portion of the convent was replaced by the Jardin des Ursulines, a craft vendors market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ville.roberval.qc.ca/tourisme/jardin-des-ursulines-2 |title=Jardin des Ursulines |publisher=Ville de Roberval |language=fr}}</ref> In 2011, after 129 years of service to the community, the Ursuline community left Roberval.

==See also==
* [[Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean]], a Canadian federal electoral district
* [[Ouiatchouaniche River]]
* [[Ouiatchouan River]]
* [[List of towns in Quebec]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.ville.roberval.qc.ca/ Ville de Roberval]
* [http://traversee.qc.ca/en/ La Traversée du lac St-Jean]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box | before = [[North Bay, Ontario|North Bay]], [[Ontario]] | title = [[Kraft Hockeyville]] | years = [[2008–09 NHL season|2008]] | after = [[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]], [[British Columbia]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Roberval
 | North     = [[Mashteuiatsh, Quebec|Mashteuiatsh]]
 | East      = ''[[Lac Saint-Jean]]''
 | Southeast = [[Chambord, Quebec|Chambord]]
 | South     = [[Saint-François-de-Sales, Quebec|Saint-François-de-Sales]]
 | West      = [[Sainte-Hedwidge, Quebec|Sainte-Hedwidge]]
 | Northwest = [[Saint-Prime, Quebec|Saint-Prime]]
}}
{{Le Domaine-du-Roy|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Roberval, Quebec| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Quebec]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1855]]
[[Category:1855 establishments in Canada]]