View source for Roberto Matta

{{Short description|Chilean painter (1911–2002)}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{family name hatnote|Matta|Echaurren|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox artist
| name          =
| image         = Matta revista cleaned.jpg
| image_size    = 200px
| caption       = 1960
| birth_name    = Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren
| birth_date    = {{birth date |1911|11|11}}
| birth_place   = [[Santiago]], [[Chile]]
| death_date    = {{death date and age |2002|11|23|1911|11|11}}
| death_place   = [[Civitavecchia]], [[Italy]]
| known_for     = [[Painting]]
| training      = architecture and interior design at the [[Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile]]
| movement      = [[Surrealism]]
| notable_works =
| patrons       =
| awards        = [[Praemium Imperiale]]
| signature     = Firma roberto matta.gif
}}

'''Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren''' ({{IPA|es|roˈβeɾto ˈmata|lang}}; November 11, 1911 &ndash; November 23, 2002), usually known simply as '''Matta''', also as ''' Sebastián Matta''' or '''Roberto Matta''', was one of [[Chile]]'s best-known [[Painting|painter]]s and a seminal figure in 20th century [[abstract expressionist]] and [[surrealist]] art across the Americas and Europe. 

==Biography==
Matta was of [[Spanish people|Spanish]], [[Basque people|Basque]] and [[French people|French]] descent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.udec.cl/~mariasmo/pintores/Roberto%20Matta.htm |title=Roberto Matta |access-date=2009-07-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714022338/http://www2.udec.cl/~mariasmo/pintores/Roberto%20Matta.htm |archive-date=2009-07-14 }}</ref> Born in [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], he studied architecture and interior design at the [[Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile]] in Santiago, and graduated in 1935. That spring, he journeyed from Peru to Panama and completed surreal drawings of many of the geographical features he witnessed. He first encountered Europe while serving in the Merchant Marine after graduating.<ref>Dolin, Bryan. "Matta's Lucid Landscape." Surrealism and Architecture. By Thomas Mical. London: Routledge, 2005. 53-59. Print.</ref> His travels in Europe and the USA led him to meet artists such as [[Arshile Gorky]], [[René Magritte]], [[Salvador Dalí]], [[André Breton]], and [[Le Corbusier]].

[[File:RobertoMatta Three Figures 1958c..jpg|thumb|left|220px|Roberto Matta, ''Three Figures'', 1958c, [[M.T. Abraham Foundation]].]]
It was Breton who provided the major spur to the Chilean's direction in art, encouraging his work and introducing him to the leading members of the Paris Surrealist movement. Matta produced illustrations and articles for Surrealist journals such as ''[[Minotaure]]''. During this period he was introduced to the work of many prominent contemporary European artists, such as [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Marcel Duchamp]].

The first true flowering of Matta's own art came in 1938, when he moved from drawing to the oil painting for which he is best known. This period coincided with his emigration to the [[United States]], where he lived until 1948. His early paintings, such as ''Invasion of the Night'', give an indication of the work he would continue, with diffuse light patterns and bold lines on a featureless background. This is also the period of the "[[Inscape (visual art)|inscape]]" series, and the closely related "psychological morphologies". Prof. Claude Cernuschi (see [[Boston College]] Matta exhibition external link below) writes, "Matta's key ambition to represent and evoke the human psyche in visual form was filtered through the writings of [[Freud]] and the psychoanalytic view of the mind as a three-dimensional space: the '[[Inscape (visual art)|inscape]]'." According to the essay on Matta in ''Crosscurrents of Modernism'' (see references below), the inscapes' evocative forms "are visual analogies for the artist's psyche" (p.&nbsp;241). During the 1940s and 1950s, the disturbing state of world [[politics]] found reflection in Matta's work, with the canvases becoming busy with images of electrical machinery and distressed figures. The addition of clay to Matta's paintings in the early 1960s lent an added dimension to the distortions.

In his art Matta creates new dimensions in a blend of organic and cosmic lifeforms (see [[biomorphism]]). He was one of the first artists to take this abstract leap.

[[File:ElleLogeLaFolie 1970.jpg|thumb|right|420px|''Elle Loge La Folie'', oil on canvas, 1970.]]
Matta's connections with Breton's surrealist movement were severed following a private disagreement concerning [[Arshile Gorky]] and his family. Matta was accused of indirectly causing Gorky's suicide (in response to Matta's relationship with the Armenian-American painter's wife). This led to his expulsion from the group, but by this time Matta's own name was becoming widely known. He divided his life between Europe and South America during the 1950s and 1960s, successfully combining the political and the semi-abstract in epic surreal canvases. Matta believed that art and poetry can change lives, and was very involved in the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s. He was a strong supporter of the [[socialist]] government of president [[Salvador Allende]] in Chile.  A 4x24 meter mural of his entitled ''The First Goal of the Chilean People'', was painted over with 16 coats of paint by the military regime of [[Augusto Pinochet]] following their violent overthrow of [[Salvador Allende]] in 1973.  In 2005 the mural was discovered by local officials. In 2008 the mural was completely restored at a cost of $43,000, and it is displayed today in Santiago at the [[La Granja, Chile|La Granja]] city hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/roberto-matta-mural-emerges-from-pinochet-paintover-1.695038|title=Chile unveils mural thought destroyed by dictator Augusto Pinochet}}</ref>

Throughout his life, Matta worked with many different types of media, including ceramic, photography, and video production.<ref>"Système 88".</ref>

Matta died in [[Civitavecchia]], [[Italy]] on 23 November 2002, eleven days after his 91st birthday.

Matta was married twice: his first wife was Patricia Matta Echaurren (''née'' O'Connell), an American (who later married [[Pierre Matisse]]), and his second wife was Germana Ferrari.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/nov/25/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|title=Obituary Roberto Matta|work=[[The Guardian]]|last=McNay|first=Michael|date=November 25, 2002|access-date=June 27, 2014|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006204147/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/nov/25/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the father of six children. Two died prematurely, leaving his creative legacy to artists [[Gordon Matta-Clark]] and his twin brother Sebastian,<ref>[http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/FEATURES/smyth/smyth6-4-04.asp artnet feature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713050039/http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/FEATURES/smyth/smyth6-4-04.asp |date=2010-07-13 }} retrieved October 23, 2009</ref> [[Ramuntcho Matta]], [[Federica Matta]],<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.federicamatta.com |title = Federica MATTA}}</ref> designer Alisée and artist and writer [[Pablo Echaurren]], whose surname was wrongly recorded at birth.

== Exhibitions (selection) ==

=== Group shows ===
In 2019, his work was included in the group show ''The Gift of Art'', at [[Pérez Art Museum Miami]]. The exhibition highlighted important artworks within PAMM's permanent collection on [[Latino Americans|Latino]] and [[Latin Americans|Latin American]] artists. Among the artists featured in the exhibition were [[José Bedia Valdés|José Bedia]] (Cuba), [[Teresa Margolles]] (Mexico), [[Carmen Herrera]] (Cuba), [[Oscar Murillo (artist)|Oscar Murillo]] (Colombia), [[Amelia Peláez]] (Cuba), [[Zilia Sánchez Domínguez|Zilia Sánchez]] (Cuba), Tunga (Brazil) and [[Wifredo Lam]] (Cuba).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pérez Art Museum Miami Announces Latin American and Latinx Art Fund • Pérez Art Museum Miami |url=https://www.pamm.org/en/press/perez-art-museum-miami-announces-latin-american-and-latinx-art-fund/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Pérez Art Museum Miami |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Selected list of works==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''Sick Flesh'' (ca. 1932–1933)
* ''The Clown'' (1934)
* ''Untitled (Payasa)'' (1935)
* ''Panama'' and ''Wet Sheets'' (1936)
* ''La Forêt'', ''Snail’s Trace'', ''Composición Azul'', ''Scénario No. 1: Succion Panique du Soleil'' and ''Morphology'' (1937)
* ''The Red Sun'', ''Space Travel (Star Travel)'', ''To Both of You'', ''Crucifixión (Crucifixion)'', several works titled ''Psychological Morphology'' and ''Morphology of Desire'' (1938)
* more works titled ''Psychological Morphology'' and ''Water'' (1939)
* ''Dark Light'' (1940)
* ''Invasion of the Night'', ''Ecouter Vivre'', ''Théorie de l’Arbre'', ''Composition Abstraite'', ''The Initiation (Origine d’un Extrême)'' and ''Foeu'' (1941)
* ''The Hanged Man'', ''The End of Everything'', ''The Disasters of Mysticism'' and ''The Apples we Know'' (1942)
* ''L’Oeyx'', ''El Día es un Atentado'' and ''Redness of Lead'' (1943)
* Cover art for the final issue of the magazine ''[[VVV (magazine)|VVV]]'', ''To Escape the Absolute'', ''Et At It'', ''Le Glaive et la Parole'' and ''Poing d’Hurlement'' (1944)
* ''La Femme Affamée'', ''Abstracto'', ''The Heart Players'' and ''Rêve ou Morte'' (1945)
* ''Le Pélerin du Doute'' and ''A Grave Situation'' (1946)
* ''Accidentalité'', ''Metamatician # 12'' and ''Black Mirror'' (1947)
* ''Wound Interrogation'' and ''The Prophet'' (1948)
* ''La Revécue'' and ''Woman Looked At'' (1949)
* ''C’Ontra Vosotvos Asesinon de Palomas'' (1950)
* ''Ne Songe Plus à Fuir'' and ''Les Roses Sont Belles'' (1951)
* ''L'horreur du mal, L'ultime, L'ennemi interieur, La memoria cosmica'' (1951)
* ''Pecador Justificado'' and ''Eclosion'' (1952)
* ''Le plus libre'' (1952)
* ''Morning on Earth'', ''Hills a Poppin'', ''The Murder of the Rosenbergs'', ''L’Hosticier'' and ''L’Apetite de Primer'' (1953)
* ''Abrir los Brazos Como se Abren los Ojos'', ''Bud Sucker'', ''The Chess Player'', ''L’Atout'' and ''Tados Juntos en la Tierra'' (1954)
* ''Le Long Pont'', ''Spearcing of the Grain'', ''L’Engin dans l’Éminence'' and ''Intervision'' (1955)
* ''Banale de Venise'', ''Heart Malitte'', ''Fleur de Midi'' and ''Le Pianiste'' (1956)
* ''Le Point d’Ombre'', ''L’Impencible'', ''The And of Think'' and ''Ciel Volante'' (1957)
* ''La Chasse Spirituelle'' (started in 1957), ''Être Cible Nous Monde'', ''L’Etang de No'', ''The Infancy of Concentration'', ''Les Eviteurs'' and ''Le Courier'' (1958)
* ''Un Soleil à Qui Sait Reunir'', ''Les Faiseurs du Neant'', ''Gay Above All'', ''The Clan'' and ''L’Impensable (Grand Personage)'' (1959)
* ''Couple IV'' (started in 1959), ''Être Atout'' (five part suite), ''Vers l’Universe'', ''Ciudad Cósmica'' and ''Design of Intuition'' (1960)
* ''Vivir Enfrentando las Flechas'' (1961)
* ''Les Moyens du Creafeur'', ''Claustrophobic Vaincue'' and ''Mal de Terre'' (1962)
* ''Eve Vielle'' (1963)
* ''Éros Semens'' (triptych, started in 1962) and ''La Luz del Proscrito'' (started in 1963) (1964)
* ''La Térre Uni'' (1965)
* ''Le où A Marée Haute'' and ''La Promenade de Vénus'' (1966)
* ''Signe of the Times'' and ''Morire per Amore'' (1967)
* ''Malitte'' (modular furniture set designed between 1966 and 1968) and ''La Caza de Adolescentes'' (1968)
* ''Lieberos'', ''Nude Hiding in the Forest'' and ''Verginosamente'' (1969)
* ''Elle Logela Folie'', ''Je-ographie'', ''El Hombre de la Lampara'' and ''MAgriTTA Chair'' (1970)
* ''Otto Por Tre'', ''El primer gol del pueblo chileno'' and ''Paralelles de la Viel'' (1971)
* ''Coigitum'' and ''The Upheaval of One’s Ocean'' (1972)
* ''La Vida Allende la Muerte'', ''Senile d’Incertitude'', ''Migration des Révoltes'' and ''Hom’mer (Chaosmos)'' (suite of ten etchings with aquatint) (1973)
* ''Explosant Fixe'', ''Je M’Espionne'', ''Deep Mars'', ''L’Aube Permanente'' and ''Cadran d’Incendies'' (1974)
* ''Mas Ceilin'' and ''Illumine le Temps'' (1975)
* ''Wake'' (started in 1974), ''Une d’Une'' and ''Les Voix des Temples'' (1976)
* ''Rooming Life'', ''L’Ombre de l’Invisible'' and ''Ouvre l’Instant'' (1977)
* ''Carré-four'' and ''Dedalopolous'' (1978)
* ''Polimorfologia'' (1979)
* ''Il Proprio Corno Mio'', ''Laocoontare (La Guerra Delle Idee)'' and ''Pyrocentre'' (1980)
* ''Las Scillabas de Scylla'', ''El Espejo de Cronos'' and ''El Verbo América'' (1981)
* ''Geomagnética de Danza'' (started in 1981), ''Ils Sexplose'', ''Passo Interno di Mercurio'', ''Labirintad'' and ''The Sign'' (1982)
* ''Morphologie de la Gaîté'', ''Logos Men'' and ''Artificial Lucidity'' (1983)
* ''Ecran de la Mémoire'' and ''Le Dauphin de la Memoire'' (1984)
* ''L'Espace Du Point'' (1985)
* ''Mi-mosa'', ''24 Mai 1986'', ''Une Pierre Qui Regagnera le Ciel and Oeramen'', ''la Conscience est un Arbre Vetroresina'' (1986)
* ''D’Âme et d’Eve'' (1987)
* ''Être Cri'' (1988)
* ''Violetation'' and ''L’Envenement Non Identifié'' (1989)
* ''A l’Intérieur de la Rose'', ''Omnipuissance du Rouge'', ''Navigateur'' and ''Haiku'' (1990)
* ''Parmi les Désirs'' and ''Ma Dame'' (1991)
* ''Champ du Vide'', ''Cosmo-now'', ''Le Désnomeur Rénomme'' and ''Farfallacqua'' (1992)
* ''Leaving Your Grass'', ''Vertige du Vertige'', ''Torinox'' and ''Colomberos'' (1993)
* ''Vent d’Atomes'' (1994)
* ''Les Arpèges'', ''L’Âme du Fond'' and ''Melodia-Melodio'' (1995)
* ''The Road to Heaven'', ''Storming Water River'' and ''Redness of Blue'' (1996)
* ''Flowerita'' and ''Oak Flower'' (1997)
* ''Youniverso'' (1998)
* ''Blanche ou Fleur'' (1999)
* ''N’ou’s Autres'' (2000)
* ''Chaosmos'' (2002), [[Viersen sculpture collection]]
* ''Post History Chicken Flowers'', ''La Dulce Acqua Vita'' and ''La Source du Calme'' (2002)
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Dakin Building]]
* [[Art of Chile]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* Bodley Gallery (New York, N.Y.) [http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/78760494&referer=brief_results ''Matta, from 1942 to 1957''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929140052/http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/78760494%26referer%3Dbrief_results |date=2007-09-29 }} (New York : [[Bodley Gallery]], 1960) [[OCLC]] 78760494
*Passeron, René (1984). ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Surrealism''. Trans. J. Griffiths. Ware, UK: Omega Books. {{ISBN|0-907853-28-5}}.
*Fletcher, Valerie J; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. ''Crosscurrents of modernism : four Latin American pioneers : Diego Rivera, [[Joaquín Torres-García]], Wifredo Lam, Matta = Intercambios del modernismo : cuatro precursores latinoamericanos : Diego Rivera, Joaquín Torres-García, Wifredo Lam, Matta'' (Washington, D.C. : Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in association with the Smithsonian Institution Press, ©1992), {{ISBN|1-56098-205-5}}; {{ISBN|1-56098-206-3}}
*[[:fr:Fabrice Flahutez|Fabrice Flahutez]], ''Nouveau Monde et Nouveau Mythe. Mutations du surréalisme de l'exil américain à l'écart absolu 1941 - 1965''. Dijon France: Les presses du réel, 2007 [French]. {{ISBN|978-2-84066-194-8}}
*Fabrice Flahutez, « Biologie cellulaire et fonctions mathématiques dans l’œuvre de Roberto Matta », ''Art Présence'', n° 51, septembre 2004, p.&nbsp;32-37.[French]
*Fabrice Flahutez, « La peinture de Roberto Matta entre cellule eucaryote et singularité de Schwarzschild», in ''Mélusine'', n° XXVII (le surréalisme et la science), Cahiers du Centre de Recherche sur le Surréalisme (Paris 3 Sorbonne-Nouvelle), sous la dir. d’Henri Béhar, Lausanne, Éditions L’Age d’Homme, mars 2007, p.&nbsp;145-153. {{ISBN|978-2-8251-3727-7}} [French]
*Fabrice Flahutez, "Lecture labyrinthe et espaces spiralés: la revue Instead", in ''Les revues d'art'', dir. R. Froissart Pezone et Y. Chevrefils-Desbioles, Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2011, p.&nbsp;155-165. {{ISBN|2-753514801}} [French]
*''Matta Fiktionen'', ❲cat. Exhibition Bucerius Kunst forum, Hambourg September 22, 2012 – January 6, 2013❳, Texts by Fabrice Flahutez, Alyce Mahon, Julia Drost, Werner Hofmann, Gavin Parkinson, Marga Paz, Evelyn Pechinger-Theuerkauf, Hrsg. Ortrud Westheider und Michael Philipp Sofort lieferbar, München, Hirmer Verlag GmbH, 2012. {{ISBN|978-3-7774-5431-3}} [German]
*''Matta-Log. Morphology of desire'', (cat. Fabrice Flahutez (ed.) Exhibition Bank Austria Kunstforum, Wien, February 24 - June 2 2024), Texts by Fabrice Flahutez, Ingried Brugger, translation by Susan L. Power, Wien, Bank Austria Kusntforum, 2024, {{ISBN|978-3-200-09642-4}} [English]
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Roberto Matta}}
* [https://www.robertomatta.com Roberto Matta]
* [http://thepacegallery.com The Pace Gallery]
* [http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/artistInfo/artist/2600 Exhibitions, galleries and museums]
* [http://museum.oas.org/exhibitions/2003-matta.html Art museum of the Americas (Washington DC) bio page on Matta]
* [http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/artmuseum/exhibitions/archive/matta/catalogue.html Boston College, McMullen Museum of Art: material on 2004 Matta exhibition and catalogue], including discussion of his "[[Inscape (visual art)|inscapes]]"
* [https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/0432n7&hl=en-US&kgs=e7ee38fd8f46365e&q=Roberto+Matta&shndl=0&source=sh/x/kp&entrypoint=sh/x/kp Google about Roberto Matta Echaurren]

{{Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts}}
{{Surrealism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Matta, Roberto}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Chilean people of Basque descent]]
[[Category:Chilean people of French descent]]
[[Category:Chilean people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Chilean surrealist artists]]
[[Category:Expressionist painters]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]
[[Category:Artists from Santiago, Chile]]
[[Category:Chilean sculptors]]
[[Category:Male sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century sculptors]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Royal Academy]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean painters]]
[[Category:Chilean male painters]]
[[Category:Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean male artists]]