View source for Republican Left of Catalonia

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Republican Left of Catalonia
| logo             = ERC logo 2025.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| logo_size        = 300px
| colorcode        = {{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}
| abbreviation     = ERC
| president        = [[Oriol Junqueras]]
| secretary_general = [[Elisenda Alamany]]
| foundation       = 19 March 1931
| ideology         = {{ublist|class = nowrap
 | [[Catalan independence]]
 | [[Eco-nationalism]]
 | [[Left-wing nationalism]]
 | [[Republicanism]]
 | [[Democratic socialism]]
 | [[Social democracy]]
 | [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
 | '''Faction:'''
 | [[Federalism]]
}}
| headquarters     = C/Calàbria, 166 <br /> 08015 [[Barcelona]], Catalonia, Spain
| website          = {{Political party data|website}}
| country          = Catalonia
| native_name      = Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
| position         = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]
| colours          = {{Color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|border=darkgray}} Orange
| merger           = [[Estat Català]]<br/>[[Catalan Republican Party (1917)|Catalan Republican Party]]<br/>L'Opinió
| membership       = {{decrease}} 8,335<ref>{{cite web | url=https://es.ara.cat/politica/erc-perdido-1-500-militantes_1_5180539.html | title=ERC ha perdido 1.500 militantes desde 2019 | date=24 October 2024 }}</ref>
| membership_year  = 2024
| youth_wing       = [[Republican Youth of Catalonia|Republican Youth]]
| national         = {{Nowrap|[[Ahora Repúblicas]] (since 2019)}}{{refn|group=nb|The party was formerly part of the [[Popular Front (Spain)|Left Front]] (1936–1939), [[Coalition for the Europe of the Peoples]] (1987–1989), [[For the Europe of the Peoples (1989)|For the Europe of the Peoples]] (1989–1994), [[For the Europe of the Peoples (1994)|For the Europe of the Peoples]] (1994–1999), [[Nationalist Coalition–Europe of the Peoples|CN-EP]] (1999–2004), [[Europe of the Peoples (2004)|Europe of the Peoples]] (2004–2009), [[Europe of the Peoples–Greens|EdP-V]] (2009–2014) and [[The Left for the Right to Decide|EPDD]] (2014–2019)}}<br>[[Left for Independence]] (since 2023)
| european         = [[European Free Alliance]]
| europarl         = [[Greens–European Free Alliance]]
| international    = [[Régions et Peuples Solidaires]]
<!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150068 -->
| seats1_title     = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress of Deputies]] (Catalan seats)
| seats1           = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-lower-house|constituency=47|bar-color={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Spanish Senate]] (Catalan seats)
| seats2           = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-upper-house|constituency=24|bar-color={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[European Parliament]] ([[Spain (European Parliament constituency)|Spanish seats]])
| seats3           = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|EP|bar-color={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Parliament of Catalonia]]
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|20|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| seats5_title     = [[Parliament of the Balearic Islands]]
| seats5           = {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| seats6_title     = [[Municipalities of Spain|Mayors in Catalonia]]
| seats6           = {{Composition bar|329|947|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| seats7_title     = [[Municipalities of Spain|Town councillors in Catalonia]]
| seats7           = {{Composition bar|2898|9077|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| seats8_title     = [[Balearic Islands|Town councillors in the Balearic Islands]]
| seats8           = {{Composition bar|16|925|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
}}

The '''Republican Left of Catalonia''' ({{langx|ca|Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya}} {{IPA|ca|əsˈkɛrə rəpuβliˈkanə ðə kətəˈluɲə|}}, '''ERC'''; generically branded as {{lang|ca|Esquerra Republicana}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esquerra.cat/arxius/textosbasics/estatuts.pdf|title=Estatuts d'Esquerra Republicana|access-date=2019-01-12|quote=El partit assumeix com a marca genèrica Esquerra Republicana|language=ca|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528152818/https://www.esquerra.cat/arxius/textosbasics/estatuts.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a [[Catalan independence movement|pro-Catalan independence]], [[social democracy|social democratic]] [[List of political parties in Catalonia|political party]] in the Spanish [[autonomous community]] of [[Catalonia]], with a presence also in [[Valencian Community|Valencia]], the [[Balearic Islands]] and the French department of [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] ([[Northern Catalonia]]).<ref name="autogenerated1">Jaume Renyer Alimbau, ''ERC: temps de transició. Per una esquerra forta, renovadora i plural'' (Barcelona: Cossetània, 2008).</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-14 |title=ERC pide independizar Cataluña con Valencia, Baleares y parte de Aragón |url=https://www.abc.es/local-aragon/20140714/abci-considera-irrenunciable-independencia-parte-201407140957.html |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Diario ABC |language=es}}</ref> It is also the main sponsor of the movement for independence from [[France]] and [[Spain]] in the territories known as [[Catalan Countries]], focusing in recent years on the creation of a [[Catalan Republic]] in Catalonia-proper. 

ERC members sit in the unicameral Catalan Parliament, which exercises devolved powers within Spain. The party also contests and wins elections for seats in both houses of the Spanish [[Cortes Generales]] (the national parliament), as well as the [[European Parliament]], where it sits as a member of the [[European Free Alliance]]. In 2022, ERC had 9,047 members.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Temor en ERC: Sangría de militantes desde que Aragonès es presidente - Economía Digital |url=https://www.economiadigital.es/politica/temor-en-erc-sangria-de-militantes-desde-que-aragones-es-presidente.html}}</ref> It is headquartered in [[Barcelona]]. Currently, its president is [[Oriol Junqueras]] and its secretary-general is [[Elisenda Alamany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Qui som |url=https://www.esquerra.cat/ca/qui-som |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=esquerra.cat}}</ref> 

ERC was founded almost 100 years ago, and has counted amongst its leaders [[Francesc Macià]], [[Lluís Companys]] and [[Josep Tarradellas]]. ERC played an important role in Catalan and Spanish politics during the [[Second Spanish Republic|Second Republic]], the [[Spanish Civil War]], as part of the [[Opposition to Francoism|anti-Francoist]] [[Resistance movement|resistance]], and in Spain's [[Spanish transition to democracy|transition to democracy]]. After a difficult period in the 1980s, it recovered a key electoral position during the 2000s, becoming a coalition partner in various Catalan governments. In 2021, an ERC member won the presidency of Catalonia for the first time since 1980, with the appointment of lawyer [[Pere Aragonès]] as [[President of the Generalitat de Catalunya]] (President of the Catalan Government).

==History==
===Republic and first Catalan self-government (1931–1936)===
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Macia 2a tongada scans 003 editora 8 44 1.jpg
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| image2 = Lluís Companys i Jover.jpg
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| footer = Left: [[Francesc Macià]]. Right: [[Lluís Companys]].
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After the fall of [[Miguel Primo de Rivera|Primo de Rivera]] (1930), the Catalan left made great efforts to create a united front under the leadership of left-wing independentist leader Francesc Macià. The Republican Left of Catalonia was founded at the Conference of the Catalan Left (held in [[Sants]], Barcelona, on 19 March 1931) as the union of the independentist [[Estat Català]] (''Catalan State''), led by [[Francesc Macià]], the [[Catalan Republican Party (1917)|Catalan Republican Party]], led by [[Lluís Companys]], and the ''L'Opinió'' Group of [[Joan Lluhí i Vallescà]]. 

The party did extremely well in the municipal elections of 12 April 1931.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://issuu.com/municipals1934/docs/2-eleccions_municipals_de_1931 |title=Les eleccions municipals de 1934 a Catalunya. Apèndix 1: Les eleccions municipals de 1931 |last=Soler Becerro |first=Raimon |date=9 January 2014 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718161058/https://issuu.com/municipals1934/docs/2-eleccions_municipals_de_1931 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two days later, on 14 April, few hours before the proclamation of the Spanish Republic in [[Madrid]], Macià proclaimed in [[Barcelona]] the [[Catalan Republic (1931)|Catalan Republic]] within the Iberian Federation. This was not exactly what had been agreed in the [[Pact of San Sebastián]], so three days later they negotiated with the Madrid government that Macià would become [[President of the Generalitat of Catalonia]], an autonomous Catalan government within the recently founded [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]].<ref>"The Battle for Spain" Beevor (2006) p.25</ref>

In September 1932, the Spanish Republican Cortes approved the [[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932|Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia]] which, among other provisions, granted a [[Catalan Parliament]] with broad legislative powers, and [[1932 Catalan regional election|it was elected on 20 November 1932]]. The Republican Left of Catalonia, in coalition with the [[Socialist Union of Catalonia]] and other minor left-wing parties, won a large majority of seats (67 of 85), while the previously hegemonic [[Regionalist League]], representing a more conservative view of Catalan nationalism, came in second place but far behind ERC (17 from 85).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1932.html|title=Parlament de Catalunya 1932|website=www.historiaelectoral.com}}</ref> From this strong position, the ERC through the Catalan Government sought to improve living conditions of the popular classes and the petite bourgeoisie, approving laws in areas such as in culture, health, education and civil law. The Catalan Government also progressed the [[Crop Contracts Law]], which sought to protect tenant farmers and grant them access to the land they were cultivating; it was contested by the Regionalist League and provoked a legal dispute with the Spanish government. In October 1933, Joan Lluhí and other members of the l'Opinió Group, as well [[Josep Tarradellas]], withdrew from the ERC due to disagreement with Macià over the distribution of powers between the [[Executive Council of Catalonia]] and the President of the Generalitat; they founded the [[Nationalist Republican Left Party]] (PNRE).{{sfn|Rosenberg|1933|p=212}}

Francesc Macià died in office in December 1933 and Lluís Companys was elected by the Parliament of Catalonia as the new President of the Generalitat. On 6 October 1934, following the appointment of right-wing members of the [[Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups|Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right]] (CEDA) as ministers in the Government of the Spanish Republic, Companys unlawfully declared a [[Catalan State (1934)|Catalan State]] "within a Spanish Federal Republic" (which, of course, did not at that time exist). CEDA was considered close to fascism and, therefore, it was feared that the ministers' appointment was a first step toward suppressing the autonomy of Catalonia and taking complete power nationally. The nascent Catalan 'state' was quickly suppressed by the Spanish Army, and members of the Catalan government were arrested.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Finestres |first1=Jordi |last2=López |first2=Manel |title=Entre la revolució i l'estelada |journal=Sàpiens: Descobreix la Teva Història |year=2014 |publisher=Sàpiens |location=Barcelona |language=ca |issn=1695-2014 |pages=31–32}}</ref> Party leaders (including Companys himself) and Catalan officials were tried by the Supreme Court of the Republic, receiving jail sentences, while the [[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932|Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia]] was suspended (until February 1936).

In 1936, at the dawn of the [[Spanish Civil War]], ERC became part of the [[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]] to contest [[Spanish general election, 1936|that year's election]]. Esquerra became the leading force of the Popular Front, (called ''Front d'Esquerres'', "Left Front" in Catalan) in Catalonia, which it won 41 from 54 Catalan seats, 21 of them belonging to ERC.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Moreno Cullell |first1=Vicente |title=La victòria del Front Popular |url=http://blogs.sapiens.cat/socialsenxarxa/2011/03/25/la-victoria-del-front-popular/ |website=Sàpiens blog |publisher=Sàpiens |access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> The new left-wing Spanish government pardoned Companys and the members of the Catalan government, restoring the self-government. In June 1936, Estat Català split from ERC, while the PNRE rejoined it.

===Civil War, Francoism and clandestinity (1936–1976)===
During the Spanish Civil War, ERC, as the leading force of the Generalitat, tried to maintain the unity of the Front in the face of growing tensions between the [[POUM|Workers' Party of Marxist Unification]] (POUM) and the pro-Soviet [[Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia]] (PSUC), while struggled to recover the control of the situation, de facto controlled by the anarchist trade union CNT and their militias, and attempted to organize the war efforts in Catalonia. President Companys appointed Josep Tarradellas ''[[Prime Minister of Catalonia|Conseller Primer]]'' (Prime Minister) in order to form a coalition government with the other Republican forces, including anarchists and communists. However, the party unsuccessfully tried to avoid the full control of Catalonia by the Republican government, enacted after the [[May Days]] event.

The party was declared illegal (along with all other participants in the ''Popular Front'') by [[Francisco Franco]] after he came to power in 1939. The former president of the Catalan [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Generalitat]], [[Lluís Companys]], was arrested by [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] agents<ref>{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Peter |title=The Francoist Military Trials. Terror and Complicity, 1939-1945 |date=2010 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York and London |isbn=978-0-203-86744-0 |page=147}}</ref> in collaboration with [[Vichy France]], returned to Spain and executed on 15 October 1940 in [[Montjuïc Castle]], Barcelona.<ref>Preston, Paul (2012). ''The Spanish Holocaust''. Harper Press, London p.493</ref>

Since 1939, despite the weak situation of the party, almost disbanded after the [[Catalonia Offensive|Francoist occupation of Catalonia]], ERC went underground and tried to organize [[anti-fascist]] resistance around Manuel Juliachs and Jaume Serra. In 1945, the ERC Congress, held in [[Toulouse]] since many ERC members lived in exile in France, appointed former Minister [[Josep Tarradellas]] as Secretary General, a position he left in 1954 when he was elected President of the Generalitat of Catalonia in exile, replacing [[Josep Irla]]. The office of General Secretary of ERC then passed to Joan Sauret. At the end of [[World War II]], in view of a possible overthrow of Francoist Dictatorship with the intervention of the Allied forces, the direction of ERC in exile sent to Catalonia [[Pere Puig Subinyà|Pere Puig]] and Joan Rodríguez-Papasseit. During those years ERC was present at the Council of Catalan Democracy and the Council of Democratic Forces. In 1952, [[Heribert Barrera]] returned to the interior and assumes the direction of the party ''de facto''. On 11 September 1964, the [[National Day of Catalonia]], ERC and other groups organized the first anti-Franco demonstration since the end of the war. ERC participated successively in any initiative that confronts the Dictatorship.

===Transition to democracy and the years of decline (1976–1987)===
[[File:IMG Esquerra Catalana 1977.jpg|thumb|Public act of Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front (1977)]]
After the death of General Franco (1975), ERC celebrated in July 1976 the 8th National Congress, in which Barrera was confirmed as leader. In the election to Constituent Cortes of 1977, ERC went into coalition, as it was not yet legalized because of its status as a Republican party. ERC had requested registration in the register of political parties on 14 March of that year, but the Ministry of Interior - a month after the elections - responded: "The name proposed by the entity, referring to a political system incompatible with the one that is legally valid in Spain, can represent an assumption of inadmissibility ".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moldes |first1=Aleix |title=ERC, un partit il·legal al Congrés de Diputats |journal=Ara |date=19 April 2019 |page=7}}</ref> The party tried a coalition with Left Front or with Democratic Convergence, although finally it allied with the [[Party of Labour of Spain]]. The name of the electoral coalition was [[Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front]] (''Esquerra de Catalunya-Front Electoral Democràtic''). The coalition won a seat (Barrera). Some of the electoral promises were the Statute of Autonomy or a referendum about the Monarchy.

In October 1977, President [[Josep Tarradellas]] (a founder of the party in 1931) returned to Catalonia and the Generalitat was restored. A new text of the Statute was drafted, which ERC opposed because it did not guarantee a minimum self-government. However, in the referendum for its approval, in 1979, ERC was in favour, as it was the only way to regain autonomy. In the [[Catalan parliamentary election, 1980|first election]] to the restored Parliament of Catalonia, in 1980, ERC obtained 14 seats (out of a total of 135), which brought Barrera to the Presidency of the Parliament of Catalonia. At the crossroads of forming a tripartite with the [[PSUC]] and the socialists or favouring [[Convergència i Unió]] (CiU), Barrera—refractory to alliances with parties from a Marxist tradition—determined ERC would vote [[Jordi Pujol]] (CiU) as president of the Generalitat without compensation and without joining the government, as a gesture of "national unity".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20121220/54358147237/ciu-erc-se-reencuentran-32-anos-despues.html|website=[[La Vanguardia]]|title=CiU y ERC se reencuentran 32 años después|date=20 December 2012|first=Jaume|last=Pi}}</ref> In 1984, however, ERC only obtained five deputies, and began a brief period of decline, overshadowed by the hegemony of the center-right Catalan nationalist coalition CiU. This trend persisted during the next years. In 1986, it lost its presence in the Spanish Cortes.

=== Recovering (1986–1996) ===
In 1987, the National Call manifesto was published, signed by personalities like [[Àngel Colom]] and [[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]], who wanted ERC to bring together the new generation of independentists that aroses as a result of the disenchantment with the Spanish Transition. The entrance of these young people dynamizes the party, and in the [[1988 Catalan regional election|Catalan election of 1988]] obtained six seats. In 1989 a new direction led by Àngel Colom assumed the independence of Catalonia as a political aim. As a result of this new orientation, in 1990, the [[National Front of Catalonia]], a historic organization founded in exile in 1940, joined ERC. In 1991, the organization [[Terra Lliure]] reconsidered its strategy, and abandoned the armed struggle, where some of its members joined ERC and many of those who formed [[Catalunya Lliure]] were incorporated too. These facts turned ERC, de facto, into the reference of the left-wing Catalan independentism.

The results obtained in the [[1992 Catalan regional election|1992 election to the Parliament of Catalonia]] placed ERC as the third political force of Catalonia, with the support of more than 210,000 voters and the obtaining of 11 seats, after a campaign in which, for the first time a party that appeared as a pro-independence party was widely popular. The 18th National Congress of ERC, held in June 1992, approved the reform of its statutes in the face of electoral growth, militancy and territorial presence. ERC advocates in its first statutory article the territorial unity and independence of the [[Catalan Countries]], building its own state within the European framework and together with an ideological position of the left that takes the defense of democracy and environment, human rights and rights of the peoples, and based its ideology and political action on social progress and solidarity.

In the [[1993 Spanish general election]], ERC recovered its presence in the Congress of Deputies. The same year, [[Jordi Carbonell]] and [[Avel·lí Artís i Gener]] "Tísner", [[Left Nationalists]] members, joined ERC.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lucas |first1=Manel |title=ERC: la llarga marxa, 1977-2004 : de la il·legalitat al govern |date=2004 |publisher=Columna |isbn=846640421X}}</ref> The local elections of 28 May 1995 represented an important quantitative and qualitative leap of the institutional presence of the party. ERC recovered the presence in many local councils of Catalonia, reaching more than 550 elected councillors and 32 mayors, and thus becomes the third municipal political force. In the [[1995 Catalan regional election|1995 Catalan election]], ERC obtained the best result in number of votes since the Republic era, more than 305,000 voters and 13 seats.

In 1996, after a serious internal crisis, Àngel Colom, along with [[Pilar Rahola]] left the party and founded the [[Independence Party (Catalonia)|Independence Party]].<ref>Anuaris.cat, ''[http://www.anuaris.cat/continguts/article.php?id=62 La divisió i la suma d'esforços]''</ref> This party, however, had a short life. In the local elections of 1999, they obtained poor results and Pilar Rahola, who presented himself as head of the list in Barcelona, did not obtain a seat. After that, the party was dissolved.

=== New era with Carod Rovira and return to the Government  ===
[[File:060218 ERC.jpg|thumb|ERC leaders leading the demonstration of 18-02-2006 in Barcelona with the slogan ''Som una Nació'' ("We are a Nation")]]
In November 1996, the 21st National Congress of ERC was held. The militants chose a new direction for the party, with [[Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira]] as new president and Joan Puigcercós as new general secretary. The new direction announced some changes on the strategy: it does not renounce the independence of Catalonia, but it stops using that idea as the only reference. The new direction wanted to place the party as the new reference of the Catalan left.

On 16 November 2003, in the [[2003 Catalan regional election|election to the Parliament of Catalonia]], ERC obtained 23 seats, becoming the "key party" that would define the composition of the government, since to obtain the majority the other parties were obliged to agree with ERC. After several weeks in which it seemed that he would close an agreement with CiU (center-right and nationalist party), it finally opted for a "progressive pact" (called the Pact of the Tinell or popularly the "Tripartit") with the [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] and the ecosocialist coalition [[ICV-EUiA]].

ERC became part of the tripartite government of the Generalitat, chaired by the socialist [[Pasqual Maragall]], assuming six government departments, among which the "Conseller en Cap" ([[Prime Minister of Catalonia|Prime Minister]]), belonging to Carod-Rovira. The other five ministries assumed by ERC were Education ([[Josep Bargalló]]), Welfare and Family ([[Anna Simó]]), Commerce, Tourism and Consumption ([[Pere Esteve]]), Government and Public Administration ([[Joan Carretero]]) and Universities, Research and Information Society ([[Carles Solà]]). In addition, another ERC leader, [[Ernest Benach]], was elected President of the Parliament.

Despite having been one of the main forces behind the movement for amendment, the party eventually opposed the 2006 changes to the [[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia|Catalan Statute of Autonomy]] to increase Catalonia's autonomy. It did so on the grounds that it did not do enough to increase Catalan self-government. This caused a government crisis with its partners (specially with the PSC) which led to an [[2006 Catalan Parliament election|early election in 2006]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}}

After 2006, the three original coalition partners remade the coalition, this time led by the socialist [[José Montilla]] who became President of the Generalitat on 28 November of that year. This time the coalition was significantly more stable and it was voted out of power [[2010 Catalan regional election|in 2010]], given the coalition's poor management of the [[Great Recession|2008 Great Recession]] and [[Spanish property bubble|Spanish housing market crash]].

=== Procés and pro-independence governments ===
{{unsourced section|date=December 2025}}
On 27 June 2010, the [[Constitutional Court of Spain|Spanish Constitutional Court]] published the ruling on the 2006 Catalan Statute of Autonomy. The ruling slashed significant parts of the text and made the law voted and passed by the Catalan public in a [[2006 Catalan Statute of Autonomy referendum|referendum]] null and void.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pruna |first=David Miró / Aleix Moldes / Gerard |date=2020-06-27 |title=10 anys de la sentència que va capgirar la política catalana |url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/10-anys-sentencia-tribunal-constitucional-estatut_1_1119581.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Ara.cat |language=ca}}</ref> This, alongside the growing instability brought by the 2008 financial crisis, fueled a growing [[Catalan independence movement|independence movement in the country]]. After the party's poor results in the [[2010 Catalan regional election|2010 Catalan election]] and an electoral domination by the center-right [[Convergence and Union|CiU]], then President [[Artur Mas]] called for a snap vote to receive a mandate to pursue independence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SER |first=Cadena |date=2012-09-25 |title=Mas convoca eleccions anticipades pel 25 de novembre |url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2012/09/25/radio_barcelona/1348539210_850215.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Cadena SER |language=es-ES}}</ref> In this election, celebrated [[2012 Catalan regional election|in 2012]], ERC achieved a historical feat and beat the [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]] in seats and became the second-largest party in the Catalan Parliament running on a purely pro-independence platform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ROMERO |first=JUANMA |last2=Romero |first2=Juanma |date=2012-11-25 |title=ERC capitaliza el voto soberanista y conquista la segunda plaza del Parlament |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20121125/erc-capitaliza-voto-soberanista-conquista-segunda-plaza-del-parlament/577660.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref>

After this, CiU and ERC, two of the three pro-independence parties in the Catalan Parliament, articulated a majority to form a [[Second government of Artur Mas|CiU minority government]] with the explicit mandate to organize a non-binding referendum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AGENCIAS |first=RTVE es / |date=2012-12-21 |title=Artur Mas, reelegido presidente de Cataluña con los votos de ERC |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20121221/mas-sera-reelegido-hoy-como-president-cataluna-con-votos-ciu-erc/591120.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref> This materialized in 2014 with what was then called the [[2014 Catalan self-determination referendum|Procés Participatiu 9N]] (in English: ''Participative Process November 9th'') which was ruled illegal by Spanish Courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RTVE.es/EFE |date=2015-02-25 |title=El Tribunal Constitucional declara inconstitucional la consulta soberanista del 9N en Cataluña |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20150225/tribunal-constitucional-anulara-consulta-soberanista-del-9n-cataluna/1104442.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref> The pro-independence option won this non-binding popular inquiry by a large margin, given with little-to-no turnout by unionist voters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-09 |title=Resultados del 9N: El apoyo a la independencia logra el 81% |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20141110/54419122198/resultados-9n.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=La Vanguardia |language=es}}</ref>

Despite these results, the [[Government of Spain|Spanish government]] refused to approve a binding and legal referendum on independence and the pro-independence movement pushed for a unitary candidacy in another snap election. This snap election was considered to be a plebiscite on independence and a legal way to ask the Catalan people about the issue without needing the Spanish Government's permission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacció |date=2014-10-15 |title=Què són les eleccions plebiscitàries? |url=https://www.diaridegirona.cat/catalunya/2014/10/15/son-les-eleccions-plebiscitaries-49234432.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Diari de Girona |language=ca}}</ref> ERC led the coalition talks, often as a bridge between the center-right [[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia|CDC]] and the far-left [[Popular Unity Candidacy|CUP]], which had significant disagreements. In the end, the CUP contested the election alone and the pro-independence unitary coalition was formed only by CDC, ERC and some pro-independence factions of the PSC, [[ICV–EUiA|ICV]], [[Democratic Union of Catalonia|UDC]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Junts pel Sí: 'Proclamarem la independència: anem a totes' |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticia/4452167/20150721/junts-proclamarem-independencia-anem-totes.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=VilaWeb |language=ca}}</ref> The name given to this coalition, which also integrated many non-politicians, was [[Junts pel Sí]] (in English: ''Together for the Yes'').  After the [[2015 Catalan regional election|2015 catalan election]], Junts pel Sí emerged victorious with 62 seats, 37 more than the second-most voted option. Among these, ERC and ERC-alligned independents held 21 seats. However, the coalition came 6 seats short of a majority and needed the CUP's 10 seats' support to form government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CARPIO |first=JOSÉ Á |last2=Carpio |first2=José Á |date=2015-09-27 |title=Los independentistas de Junts pel Sí y la CUP suman mayoría absoluta de escaños pero no de votos |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20150927/resultados-elecciones-catalanas-2015/1227802.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref>

After arduous coalition talks, the CUP allowed the formation of a [[Government of Carles Puigdemont|CDC-ERC coalition government]] on the condition that Artur Mas, the until-then de facto leader of the Procés stepped aside.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-10 |title=La CUP: "Hemos enviado a Mas a la papelera de la historia" |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20160110/301310288965/la-cup-hemos-enviado-a-mas-a-la-papelera-de-la-historia.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=La Vanguardia |language=es}}</ref> This permitted the investiture of [[Carles Puigdemont]] and the return of ERC to government, 5 years after the loss of the leftist tripartite coalition. ERC had 5 cabinet members and its leader, [[Oriol Junqueras]], became [[Vice President of the Generalitat of Catalonia|Vicepresident of the Generalitat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carles Puigdemont, investit 130è president de la Generalitat |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/carles-puigdemont-elegit-130e-president-de-la-generalitat/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=VilaWeb |language=ca}}</ref>This new government assumed the task of organizing a binding independence referendum before 2018. Tasks started right away, always with fierce opposition from both the Spanish Courts and the Spanish Central Government. 

The 9th of June of 2017, President Puigdemont accompanied by ERC's leader Vicepresident Junqueras unveiled the date and question of [[2017 Catalan independence referendum|the referendum]], which was set to take place October 1st 2017, with or without the permission of the Spanish Government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=3CatInfo |date=2017-06-09 |title=Referèndum, l'1 d'octubre: "Voleu que Catalunya sigui un estat independent en forma de república?" |url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/la-pregunta-del-referendum-podria-incloure-els-termes-estat-i-republica/noticia/2793298/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=3CatInfo |language=ca}}</ref> This prompted a reaction by the Spanish Courts, which declared the referendum illegal and issued warrants to stop the vote by any means necessary. Ballot boxes and ballots were targeted, Catalan Government offices were raided, websites were expropriated and pro-independence civil leaders were jailed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=3CatInfo |date=2017-09-20 |title=Milers de persones surten al carrer contra la intervenció de seus del govern |url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/mobilitzacio-ciutadana-contra-la-intervencio-de-seus-del-govern/noticia/2809782/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=3CatInfo |language=ca}}</ref>

These actions were unsuccessful in stopping the vote and the referendum was held as scheduled. Both the [[National Police Corps (Spain)|Spanish National Police]] and the [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Guardia Civil]] were sent to physically stop Catalan citizens from voting, some coming to Catalonia from elsewhere in Spain chanting "a por ellos" (english: "''let's get them''").<ref>{{Cite web |last=comentarios |first=265 Ver |date=2017-09-26 |title=Todos "¡a por ellos, oé!" |url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2017/09/26/59ca03d922601df7168b46b0.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=ELMUNDO |language=es}}</ref> This resulted in a violent crackdown by the Spanish Police on voters, many of which sustaining injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-01 |title=Catalan referendum: 'Hundreds hurt' as police try to stop voters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41461032 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Despite this, many votes were counted and the pro-independence option won by a landslide, again with a boycott by unionist voters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RTVE.es |date=2017-10-06 |title=El Govern publica el recuento oficial del 1-O con dos millones de síes a la independencia |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20171006/govern-publica-recuento-oficial-del-1-con-dos-millones-sies-a-independencia/1626430.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref> Subsequently, the Catalan Government presented a motion on independence on the 27th of October of 2017 in the Catalan Parliament, which passed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=3CatInfo |date=2017-10-27 |title=El Parlament declara la independència i insta el govern a aplicar-ne els efectes |url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/expectacio-al-parlament-on-a-les-1200-es-repren-el-debat-per-donar-resposta-al-155/noticia/2817510/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=3CatInfo |language=ca}}</ref> This declaration however was never published in the [[Diari Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya|Official Diary of the Generalitat de Catalunya]] and, years later, pro-independence leaders would qualify it as "symbolic".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-14 |title=El TS: la DUI fue "simbólica" y sabían que la independencia era una "quimera" |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20191014/47962751148/el-ts-la-dui-fue-simbolica-y-sabian-que-la-independencia-era-una-quimera.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=La Vanguardia |language=es}}</ref> 

After this declaration, the [[Senate of Spain|Spanish Senate]] passed the application of the 155th article of the [[Constitution of Spain|Spanish Constitution]], which suspended Catalan autonomy and forcefully removed from office the sitting Catalan Government.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Domínguez |first=Íñigo |last2=Alberola |first2=Miquel |date=2017-10-27 |title=El Senado aprueba aplicar el artículo 155 en Cataluña |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2017/10/27/actualidad/1509105725_777595.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |work=El País |language=es |issn=1134-6582}}</ref> Additionally, all Catalan government members which stayed on Spanish soil were jailed, including Vicepresident Oriol Junqueras and the rest of ERC's cabinet members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AGENCIAS |first=RTVE es / |date=2017-09-20 |title=Catorce detenidos, entre ellos el 'número dos' de Junqueras, en una operación contra el 1-O |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20170920/guardia-civil-registra-varias-sedes-generalitat-cataluna-por-referendum-del-1/1620322.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref> The Spanish Government called for another [[2017 Catalan regional election|snap election in December 2017]] to restore Catalan self-rule.<ref>{{Citation |last=Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña |title=Decreto 147/2020, de 21 de diciembre, de disolución automática del Parlamento de Cataluña y de convocatoria de elecciones |date=2020-12-22 |issue=Decreto 147/2020 |pages=117511–117512 |url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es-ct/d/2020/12/21/147 |access-date=2025-12-15}}</ref>

ERC, without a free leader, chose to still run the jailed Oriol Junqueras while the General Secretary of the party, [[Marta Rovira]], assumed his functions both organically and institutionally.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacció |date=2017-12-01 |title=Eleccions catalanes del 21D: Quins partits i candidats es presenten? |url=https://www.emporda.info/catalunya/2017/12/01/eleccions-catalanes-21d-quins-partits-50891206.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Empordà |language=ca}}</ref> This resulted on a third place with 32 seats, a historical high since [[Spanish transition to democracy|Spain's return to democracy]]. Pro-independence parties renewed their absolute majority and ERC and [[Together for Catalonia (2017)|Junts per Catalunya]], CDC's heir, formed a coalition government with the CUP's external support.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RTVE.es |date=2017-12-22 |title=Lo que los votos del 21-D cuentan: crecen Cs y los independentistas, aumenta la división |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20171222/elecciones-catalanas-21-analisis-votos/1650223.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MENÉNDEZ |first=MARÍA |date=2018-05-14 |title=Torra es investido president y mantiene su pulso al Estado reivindicando una "nación plena en forma de república" |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20180514/torra-investido-president-mantiene-su-pulso-estado-reivindicando-nacion-plena-forma-republica/1733321.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref>

Before this renewed coalition could assume power, Marta Rovira was also involved in the Referendum judicial case and came under serious threat of being jailed. Given this, she chose exile to Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CAMPOS |first=CARMEN |last2=Campos |first2=Carmen |date=2018-03-23 |title=Marta Rovira huye a Suiza tras plantar al Supremo: "Emprendo un camino duro, el del exilio" |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20180323/marta-rovira-huye-espana-no-se-presenta-ante-supremo/1701500.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RTVE.es |language=es}}</ref> [[Pere Aragonès]], former leader of the [[Young Republican Left of Catalonia]], became vicepresident of the Generalitat representing ERC, with Junts per Catalunya's [[Quim Torra]] assuming the presidency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=3CatInfo |date=2018-05-29 |title=Qui és qui en el nou govern de Quim Torra |url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/qui-es-qui-en-el-nou-govern-de-quim-torra/noticia/2858359/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=3CatInfo |language=ca}}</ref> ERC appointed 7 cabinet members, most notably the [[Departament de salut|Catalan Health Minister]]. This cabinet led Catalonia, which has competences over heath policy, through the [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]]. ERC's [[Alba Vergés]], as Health Minister, held a significant leadership position.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-10 |title=Alba Vergés diu que la situació de la pandèmia a Catalunya “és molt bona” |url=https://www.rac1.cat/info-rac1/20200810/482773215342/catalunya-covid-verges-pandemia.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RAC1 |language=ca}}</ref> The cabinet's pandemic management was considered successful, albeit on the restrictive side.

On September 28th 2020, the [[Supreme Court of Spain]] ratified Quim Torra's inhabilitation due to his disobedience in not removing a banner in support to the Catalan jailed politicians from the Palau de la Generalitat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=3CatInfo |date=2020-09-28 |title=Quim Torra, primer president de la Generalitat en actiu inhabilitat |url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/torra-primer-president-de-la-generalitat-en-actiu-inhabilitat-un-any-i-mig-per-no-despenjar-una-pancarta/noticia/3048880/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=3CatInfo |language=ca}}</ref> He was subsequently forcefully removed from power and the Vicepresident of the Generalitat, ERC's Pere Aragonès, became interim president.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aragonès pren les regnes del Govern com a president substitut |url=https://naciodigital.cat/politica/aragones-pren-les-regnes-del-govern-com-a-president-substitut.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Nació |language=ca}}</ref> This was the first time since the [[Second Spanish Republic]] that a member of Republican Left of Catalonia assumed the powers of the presidency.

In 2021, [[2021 Catalan regional election|a new Catalan election]] was held, the first one on schedule since 2010. In this election ERC surpassed [[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Junts]] and became the largest pro-independence party in the chamber, even tying for first place in seats with a resurgent PSC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resultats eleccions Catalunya 2021 {{!}} Diari ARA |url=https://eleccions.ara.cat/parlament/14f-2021 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Ara.cat |language=ca}}</ref> Pro-independence parties renewed their majority in seats, and for the first time in history, in votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'independentisme guanya per tercera vegada consecutiva i supera finalment el 50% dels vots |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/independentisme-majoria-supera-50-vots/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=VilaWeb |language=ca}}</ref> This led to coalition talks, which resulted in a ERC led pro-independence government with Junts as a junior partner and the CUP's external support. In May 2021, Pere Aragonès became the first ERC President of the Generalitat since 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Conde |first=Pilar Araque |date=2021-05-21 |title=Pere Aragonès, investido president de la Generalitat con los votos de ERC, Junts y la CUP |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/pere-aragones-investido-president-generalitat-votos-erc-junts-cup.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.publico.es |language=es}}</ref>

In October 2022, after less than 2 years, the coalition fell through and Junts left the Catalan executive leading to a widespread government restructuring and leaving ERC as the sole party in power in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guiu |first=Núria Orriols |date=2022-10-07 |title=Junts surt del Govern i qüestiona la "legitimitat" d'Aragonès |url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/junts-decideix-sortir-govern_1_4511321.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Ara.cat |language=ca}}</ref> This minority government struggled to pass legislation, and most notably, to approve a budget. Despite this, they started many legislative processes, such as the National Agreement for the Language, the Statute of Rural Municipalities and the Neighbourhoods and Towns Plan, however, none of these came to fruition during the government's tenure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ACN |date=2024-08-06 |title=Aragonès s'acomiada del Govern reivindicant que s'ha acordat 'el salt endavant en sobirania més gran des del 77' |url=https://www.regio7.cat/catalunya/2024/08/06/aragones-sacomiada-govern-reivindicant-sha-106637260.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Regió7 |language=ca}}</ref>In the end, in March 2024, following the fall-through of negotiations with the [[Catalunya en Comú|Comuns]] for the approval of the 2024 budget, President Aragonès resigned and called for a snap election for April of that same year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guiu |first=Mireia Esteve, Núria Orriols |date=2024-03-13 |title=Aragonès convoca eleccions anticipades per al 12 de maig després del fracàs dels pressupostos |url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/govern-ja-analitza-l-avancament-eleccions-davant-fracas-dels-pressupostos_1_4967389.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Ara.cat |language=ca}}</ref>

=== End of the Procés and new tripartite coalition ===
In the [[2024 Catalan regional election|May 2024 election]], ERC lost 13 seats and became the third largest party in the Catalan Parliament, losing the Presidency of the Generalitat. Pro-independence parties fell short of a majority for the first time since 2012 and the coalition that had governed the country for 12 years became impossible.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=Así fueron las elecciones en Cataluña del 12 de mayo 2024: resultados, análisis y reacciones |url=https://www.ondacero.es/elecciones/cataluna/directo-resultados-escrutinio-participacion2024-psc-illa-puigdemont-ulimas-noticias_2024051266404de8c18d400001fecfd5.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=OndaCero |language=es}}</ref>

After a few months of negotiations, ERC supported [[Salvador Illa]]'s candidacy to become President of the Generalitat alongside [[Comuns Sumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-02 |title=Els militants d'ERC avalen l'acord amb el PSC en una consulta molt dividida |url=https://www.rac1.cat/politica/20240802/189423/consulta-esquerra-militancia-si-preacord-psc.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=RAC1 |language=ca}}</ref> This support was given in exchange for major advances in Catalonia's sovereignty and self-rule, most notably a [[Basque Economic Agreement|federalized tax system]], as well as the PSC's explicit commitment to the defence of Catalonia's status as a nation and the Catalan language.<ref>{{Cite web |last=3CatInfo |date=2024-07-30 |title=El preacord entre ERC i el PSC per investir Illa, punt per punt |url=https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/el-preacord-entre-erc-i-el-psc-per-investir-illa-punt-per-punt/noticia/3305757/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=3CatInfo |language=ca}}</ref> This agreement was later ratified by the PSOE as well, ensuring support in the Spanish Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteve |first=Mireia |date=2024-07-30 |title=El PSOE es fa seu el pacte entre ERC i el PSC i diu que el farà "efectiu" |url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/lletra-petita-l-acord-erc-psc_1_5103691.html |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Ara.cat |language=ca}}</ref>

In August 2024, the PSC formed its first minority government in history, however with external support from its traditional parters of the tripartite leftist coalition, the largest of which is ERC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=Salvador Illa, nou president de la Generalitat de Catalunya: investidura |url=https://beteve.cat/politica/salvador-illa-nou-president-generalitat-catalunya-investidura-2024/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |language=ca}}</ref> As of December 2025, ERC and the PSC have failed to reach an agreement regarding budget because none of the major concessions to Catalonia promised by the PSC have yet been realized.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-04 |title=El Govern fia els pressupostos a l'entesa entre ERC i Hisenda pel finançament |url=https://elmon.cat/politica/govern/govern-fia-pressupostos-entesa-entre-erc-hisenda-financament-1076436/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=El Món - Notícies i actualitat d&#039;última hora en Català |language=ca}}</ref> Despite this, both party's relationship is considered 'in good health' given the PSC efforts to fulfill the promises it made to the republicans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El PSC assegura que té "una relació positiva" amb ERC i insisteix que complirà tots els acords: "No hi ha pla B" |url=https://www.acn.cat/new/f010f974-8e8c-40b2-9022-a8ff3b36c0b8/texts |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.acn.cat}}</ref>

== Ideology ==
The party has been described historically as [[Social democracy|social democratic]] and more recently as [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1993 |title=Declaració Ideològica |url=https://static.esquerra.cat/arxius/textosbasics/declaracio-ideologica.pdf |website=esquerra.cat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bueno |first=José Manuel |date=2018-09-21 |title=El socialisme per fer República |url=https://elmati.cat/el-socialisme-per-fer-republica/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=El Matí |language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-14 |title=ERC s'erigeix com a representant de l'autèntic socialisme |url=https://beteve.cat/politica/erc-rovira-comin-autentic-socialisme-eleccions-21-d/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=beteve.cat |language=ca}}</ref> ERC is a strong supporter of [[Catalan independence]],<ref name="ReferenceA">The ERC is widely described as pro-independence: {{bulleted list|{{Citation |first1=Helena |last1=Buffery |first2=Elisenda |last2=Marcer |title=Historical Dictionary of the Catalans |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2011 |page=198}}|{{Citation |first=Elisenda |last=Paluzie|author-link=Elisenda Paluzie |title=The costs and benefits of staying together: the Catalan case in Spain |work=The Political Economy of Inter-Regional Fiscal Flows: Measurement, Determinants and Effects on Country Stability |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2010 |page=367}}|{{Citation |first1=Liesbet |last1=Hooghe |first2=Gary |last2=Marks |first3=Arjan H. |last3=Schakel |title=The Rise of Regional Authority: A Comparative Study of 42 Democracies |publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |page=194}}|{{Citation |first=Frans |last=Schrijver |title=Regionalism After Regionalisation: Spain, France and the United Kingdom |publisher=Vossiuspers, Amsterdam University Press |year=2006 |page=112}}|{{Citation |first=Lauren M. |last=McLaren |title=Constructing Democracy in Southern Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Spain, and Turkey |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |page=184}}|{{Citation |first=Elisa |last=Roller |title=Conflict and Cooperation in EU Policy-Making: The Case of Catalonia |work=The EU and Territorial Politics Within Member States: Conflict Or Co-Operation? |publisher=Brill |year=2004 |page=80}}}}</ref> as well as being [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalist]],<ref name="ReferenceA" /> [[Catalan nationalism|Catalan nationalist]],<ref>{{Citation |last=Guibernau |first=Montserrat |title=Catalan Nationalism: Francoism, transition and democracy |page=82 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref name="hargreaves">{{Citation |last1=Hargreaves |first1=John |title=Freedom for Catalonia?: Catalan Nationalism, Spanish Identity and the Barcelona Olympic Games |page=84 |year=2000 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> [[Eco-nationalism|eco-nationalist]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Conversi |first1=Daniele |last2=Friis Hau |first2=Mark |date=8 Apr 2021 |title=Green nationalism. Climate action and environmentalism in left nationalist parties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09644016.2021.1907096?journalCode=fenp20 |journal=Environmental Politics |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=1089–1110 |doi=10.1080/09644016.2021.1907096 |bibcode=2021EnvPo..30.1089C |s2cid=234853239 |access-date=23 December 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and [[Left-wing nationalism|left-wing nationalist]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Alonso |first=Sonia |title=Challenging the State: Devolution and the Battle for Partisan Credibility |page=77 |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Ramiro |first1=Luis |title=European integration and Spanish parties: Elite empowerment amidst limited adaptation |work=The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and organizational adaptation |page=146 |year=2007 |publisher=Routledge |last2=Morales |first2=Laura}}</ref> Additionally, it advocates for [[republicanism]]<ref>{{cite web |date=11 July 2016 |title=ERC diferencia el seu republicanisme del del PDC |url=http://elmon.cat/noticia/166379/rc_desitja_sort_al_pdc_i_el_qualifica_de_partit_de_dreta_centre-dreta_166379 |access-date=8 August 2017 |work=El Món |archive-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193727/http://elmon.cat/noticia/166379/rc_desitja_sort_al_pdc_i_el_qualifica_de_partit_de_dreta_centre-dreta_166379 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PONÈNCIA POLÍTICA 27è Congrés Nacional |url=http://www.esquerra.cat/27congresnacional/ponencia-politica_2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193628/http://www.esquerra.cat/27congresnacional/ponencia-politica_2015.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> and [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalism]],<ref name="ReferenceA" /> and has a [[Federalism|federalist]] faction.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Tardà i Coma |first1=Joan |title="Si ofrecieran un buen Estatuto de Autonomía confederal es posible que muchos independentistas lo votaran" |date=3 October 2018 |url=https://catalunyaplural.cat/es/si-oferissin-un-bon-estatut-dautonomia-de-caracter-confederal-es-possible-que-molts-independentistes-el-votessin/}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Tardà i Coma |first1=Joan |title="La mejor manera de desactivar al adversario es más república y menos estelada" |date=8 March 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/catalunya/politica/Entrevista-Joan-Tarda_0_875262466.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Rufián Romero |first1=Gabriel |title=4-6-19 GABRIEL RUFIAN: Yo no soy nacionalista y tampoco independentista |date=4 June 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHk7L5JPNd4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/qHk7L5JPNd4 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It is a [[Catch-all party|catch-all/big tent party]]{{Sfn|Canal|2018|p=85|ps=&nbsp;"Convivían en su seno desde tendencias obreristas hasta el filofascismo declarado de Josep Dencàs, conformando una opción ''catch-all'' tan atractiva como difícil de mantener al margen de riñas y escisiones internas"}} in nature, and is generally positioned as [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]<ref>[http://www.politico.eu/article/catalan-trial-turns-into-pro-independence-show-of-force-artur-mas-president-joana-ortega-irene-rigau-spain/ Catalan trial turns into pro-independence show of force]. Politico. Author - 	Diego Torres. Published 2 February 2017. Updated 9 February 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/catalan-separatists-projected-win-snap-election-171221192956454.html Catalan separatists projected to win snap election]. Al Jazeera. Published 21 December 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 April 2019 |title=Spain election: Socialists win amid far-right breakthrough |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48081540 |access-date=29 April 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stothard |first=Michael |date=11 December 2017 |title=Catalan separatist focuses on fairer society over independence |url=https://www.ft.com/content/506eb48c-dc17-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/506eb48c-dc17-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=29 April 2019 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]].<ref>{{cite news |date=14 February 2021 |title=Catalan separatists projected to win majority in regional polls |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/14/catalan-separatists-set-to-win-majority-in-regional-elections |access-date=3 September 2022 |work=Al Jazeera |quote=The opinion poll showed that the two main rival separatist parties – the left-wing Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC) and the centre-right Together for Catalonia (Junts per Catalunya) would get 36-38 and 30-33 seats, respectively, in the 135-seat assembly.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jon |date=20 September 2017 |title=Spanish police storm Catalan government buildings to stop independence referendum |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-independence-referendum-catalan-police-storm-ministries-arrested-josep-maria-jove-a7956581.html |access-date=3 September 2022 |work=The Independent |quote=Catalonia's provincial government is a broad church of separatist parties from the left and right, ranging from the left-wing Republican Left of Catalonia to the centre-right Democratic Convergence of Catalonia.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parker |first1=Jonathan |year=2022 |title=Europe's Secessionist Movements and Covid-19 |journal=Nationalities Papers |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=50 |pages=118–129 |doi=10.1017/nps.2020.103 |s2cid=233589244 |quote=The other party in the Catalan government, the left-wing Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), indulged in Torra’s strongest lines of attack to a certain extent, but their attitude throughout has been rather more conciliatory. |doi-access=free}}</ref> 

ERC is also considered to be [[Feminism|feminist]], [[Immigration|pro-immigration]], [[LGBTQ community|pro-LGBTQIA+ rights]], [[Environmentalism|environmentalist]], [[Municipalism|municipalist]], [[Pro-Europeanism|pro-European]], [[Anti-racism|anti-racist]], [[Decolonization|anti-colonialist]] and [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La República que farem |url=https://www.esquerra.cat/ca/republica-que-farem |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=www.esquerra.cat |language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2025 |title=Ponència Política del 30è Congrés Nacional |url=https://static.esquerra.cat/uploads/20250324/30cgn-ponencia-politica-aprovada.pdf |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=esquerra.cat}}</ref>

==Political principles and representation==
{{Politics of Catalonia}}
Its basic political principles are defined in the Statement of Ideology approved at the 19th National Congress in 1993. This is organised into the three areas that give the organisation its name: [[Left-wing politics|Esquerra]] (commitment to the Left's agenda in the political, economic and social debate), [[Republicanism|República]] (commitment to the Republican form of government vs. Spain's current [[constitutional monarchy]]) and [[Catalonia|Catalunya]] ([[Catalan independentism]], which, as understood by ERC, comprises the [[Catalan Countries]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Declaració ideològica. Esquerra Republicana |url=https://www.esquerra.cat/arxius/textosbasics/declaracio-ideologica.pdf |website=esquerra.cat |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-date=4 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204163447/https://www.esquerra.cat/arxius/textosbasics/declaracio-ideologica.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The party is also federated with parties in the [[Balearic Islands]] and in [[Northern Catalonia]] in France, as well as with [[Republican Left of the Valencian Country]] in the [[Valencian Community]]. Except for their Balearic counterpart, none of the latter currently have any parliamentary representation in their respective territories, though they do have eight municipal councillors in the Balearic Islands<ref name=argos>[http://www.argos.gva.es/ahe/pls/argos_elec/DMEDB_ElecComunidades.informeElecDetallado?aNComuId=4&aNNumElec=1&aVTipoElec=L&aVFechaElec=2011&aVLengua=v. Dades electorals detallades de les Eleccions Locals 2011], arxiu històric electora, accessed 28 November 2012</ref> and six councillors in the Valencian Community.<ref name=argos /> [[Occitan Republican Left]], formed in 2008, acts as the [[Val d'Aran|Aranese]] section of the party.

The Republican Left of Catalonia is the oldest political party in Catalan politics that has supported the idea of a sovereign Catalan nation for the entirety of its existence. From the inception of ERC in 1931, they have always been in favor of
statehood for Catalonia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Catalonia is Not Spain: A Historical Perspective|last=Harris|first=Simon|publisher=S.I. 4 cats book|year=2014|pages=197–200}}</ref>

After the last [[2024 Catalan regional election|Catalan parliamentary election in 2024]], the Republican Left of Catalonia has 20 seats in the [[Parliament of Catalonia]], making it the third largest in the chamber. Until 2010, it was one of the three coalition members of the tripartite left-wing [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Catalan Government]], together with [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] (PSC) and [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens]] (ICV). The coalition was often uneasy due to tensions related to the new [[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia]]. They governed Catalonia during the [[2017 Catalan independence referendum|procés]] period alongside [[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Junts]], and held the [[President of the Generalitat de Catalunya|presidency]] between 2021 and 2023. Since 2024 they are considered either ''preferential partners'' or [[confidence and supply]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Govern prioritza aprovar els pressupostos del 2025 amb ERC i comuns com a «socis preferents» |url=https://naciodigital.cat/politica/govern-prioritza-aprovar-pressupostos-2025-erc-comuns-com-socis-preferents.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nació |language=ca}}</ref> to [[Salvador Illa]]'s cabinet, givent that it was the support of their 20 seats in [[Parliament of Catalonia|Parliament]] (alongside [[Comuns Sumar]]'s) which permitted the PSC to form a [[minority government]]. Out of Catalonia, it has seven seats in the [[Cortes Generales|Spanish Parliament]], six seats in the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] (where they sit together with the [[Basque Country (greater region)|basque]] [[EH Bildu]]) and one seat in the [[European Parliament]].

==Leadership==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" width="250"| Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! colspan="3"| Term of office
! rowspan="2" width="200"| Secretary-General<br/>{{small|(Tenure)}}
|-
! width="85"| {{small|Took office}}
! width="85"| {{small|Left office}}
! width="85"| {{small|Duration}}
|-
| rowspan="3" width="1" style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Francesc Macià i Llussà.jpg|65px]]
| rowspan="3" | '''[[Francesc Macià]]'''<br/>{{small|(1859–1933)}}
| rowspan="3" | {{smaller|22 February}}<br/>1931
| rowspan="3" | {{smaller|25 December}}<br/>1933
| rowspan="3" style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|1931|2|22|1933|12|25|sep=and}}
| [[Joan Lluís Pujol]] {{small|(1931–1931)}}
|-
| [[Josep Tarradellas]] {{small|(1931–1932)}}
|- 
| rowspan="4" | [[Joan Tauler]]<br/>{{small|(1932–1938)}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| [[File:Lluís Companys.jpg|65px]]
| '''[[Lluís Companys]]'''<br/>{{small|(1882–1940)}}
| {{smaller|25 December}}<br/>1933
| {{smaller|6 October}}<br/>1934
| style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|1933|12|25|1934|10|6|sep=and}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| 
| '''[[Carles Pi i Sunyer]]'''<br/>{{small|(1888–1971)}}
| {{smaller|6 October}}<br/>1934
| {{smaller|11 May}}<br/>1936
| style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|1934|10|6|1936|5|11|sep=and}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Lluís Companys.jpg|65px]]
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Lluís Companys]]'''<br/>{{small|(1882–1940)}}
| rowspan="2" | {{smaller|11 May}}<br/>1936
| rowspan="2" | {{smaller|15 October}}<br/>1940
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|1936|5|11|1940|10|15|sep=and}}
|-
| [[Josep Tarradellas]]<br/>{{small|(1938–1957)}}
|-
| colspan="6" rowspan="4" | 
| [[Joan Sauret]] {{small|(1957–1976)}}
|- 
| [[Heribert Barrera]] {{small|(1976–1987)}}
|-
| [[Joan Hortalà]] {{small|(1987–1989)}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Àngel Colom]] {{small|(1989–1996)}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| [[File:Heribert Barrera (2003).jpg|65px]]
| '''[[Heribert Barrera]]'''<br/>{{small|(1917–2011)}}
| {{smaller|15 December}}<br/>1991
| {{smaller|10 July}}<br/>1995
| style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|1991|12|15|1995|7|10|sep=and}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| 
| '''[[Jaume Campabadal]]'''<br/>{{small|(1924–2016)}}
| {{smaller|10 July}}<br/>1995
| {{smaller|24 November}}<br/>1996
| style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|1995|7|10|1996|11|24|sep=and}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| [[File:Jordi Carbonell (cropped).jpg|65px]]
| '''[[Jordi Carbonell]]'''<br/>{{small|(1924–2016)}}
| {{smaller|24 November}}<br/>1996
| {{smaller|4 July}}<br/>2004
| style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|1996|11|24|2004|7|4|sep=and}}
| [[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]]<br/>{{small|(1996–2004)}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| [[File:Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira 2001 (cropped).jpg|65px]]
| '''[[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1952)}}
| {{smaller|4 July}}<br/>2004
| {{smaller|7 June}}<br/>2008
| style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|2004|7|4|2008|6|7|sep=and}}
| [[Joan Puigcercós]]<br/>{{small|(2004–2008)}}
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| [[File:Joan Puigcercós 2010 (cropped).jpg|65px]]
| '''[[Joan Puigcercós]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1966)}}
| {{smaller|7 June}}<br/>2008
| {{smaller|17 September}}<br/>2011
| style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|2008|6|7|2011|9|17|sep=and}}
| [[Joan Ridao]]<br/>{{small|(2008–2011)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" width="1" style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"|
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Oriol Junqueras 2016b (cropped).jpg|65px]]
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Oriol Junqueras]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1969)}}
| rowspan="2" | {{smaller|17 September}}<br/>2011
| rowspan="2" | Incumbent
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"| {{age in years and days|2011|09|17|sep=and}}
| [[Marta Rovira]]<br/>{{small|(2011–2024)}}
|-
| [[Elisenda Alamany]]<br/>{{small|(2024–present)}}
|}

=== Timeline ===
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20
PlotArea  = top:10 bottom:20 right:130 left:20
AlignBars = late

Colors     =
  id:ERC    value:rgb(1,0.698,0.196)      legend:ERC
  id:gray1  value:gray(0.85)
  id:gray2  value:gray(0.95)
  id:grid   value:gray(0.5)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period     = from:01/01/1930 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}}
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:10 start:1930
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:5 start:1930

BarData = 
  barset:P
  bar:Macià
  bar:Companys
  bar:PiiSunyer
  bar:Tarradellas
  bar:Sauret
  bar:Barrera
  bar:Hortalà
  bar:Colom
  bar:Campabadal
  bar:Carbonell
  bar:Carod-Rovira
  bar:Puigcercós
  bar:Junqueras

LineData=
  at: 15/10/1940 color:gray1 width:0.1
  at: 15/11/1991 color:gray1 width:0.1
  
PlotData=
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
  barset:P

  bar:Macià
  from: 22/02/1931 till: 25/12/1933 color:ERC text:"[[Francesc Macià|Macià]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Companys
  from: 25/12/1933 till: 06/10/1934 color:ERC
  from: 11/05/1936 till: 15/10/1940 color:ERC text:"[[Lluís Companys|Companys]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Tarradellas
  from: 15/10/1940 till: 01/01/1957 color:ERC text:"[[Josep Tarradellas|Tarradellas]]" fontsize:10
  bar:PiiSunyer
  from: 06/10/1934 till: 11/05/1936  color:ERC text:"[[Carles Pi i Sunyer|Pi i Sunyer]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Sauret
  from: 01/01/1957 till: 01/01/1976 color:ERC text:"[[Joan Sauret|Sauret]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Barrera
  from: 01/01/1976 till: 01/01/1987 color:ERC 
  from: 15/11/1991 till: 10/07/1995 color:ERC text:"[[Heribert Barrera|Barrera]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Hortalà
  from: 01/01/1987 till: 01/01/1989 color:ERC text:"[[Joan Hortalà|Hortalà]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Colom
  from: 01/01/1989 till: 15/12/1991 color:ERC text:"[[Àngel Colom|Colom]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Campabadal
  from: 10/07/1995 till: 24/11/1996 color:ERC text:"[[Jaume Campabadal|Campabadal]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Carbonell
  from: 24/11/1996 till: 04/07/2004 color:ERC text:"[[Jordi Carbonell|Carbonell]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Carod-Rovira
  from: 04/07/2004 till: 07/06/2008 color:ERC text:"[[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira|Carod-Rovira]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Puigcercós
  from: 07/06/2008 till: 17/09/2011 color:ERC text:"[[Joan Puigcercós|Puigcercós]]" fontsize:10
  bar:Junqueras
  from: 17/09/2011 till: end color:ERC text:"[[Oriol Junqueras|Junqueras]]" fontsize:10
}}

==Electoral performance==

===Parliament of Catalonia===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
| colspan="7" align="center"| [[Parliament of Catalonia]]
|-
! width="75"| Election
! Leading candidate
! width="70" | Votes
! width="70"| %
! Seats
! width="40"| +/–
! Government
|-
! [[1932 Catalan regional election|1932]]
| align="left"| [[Francesc Macià]]
| 224,800
| 47.10 (#'''1''')
| {{Composition bar|56|85|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
| {{yes2|Majority}}
|-
| colspan="7" align="center"| ''[[Francoist dictatorship]]''
|-
! [[1980 Catalan regional election|1980]]
| rowspan="3" align="left"| [[Heribert Barrera]]
| 240,871
| 8.90 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|14|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
| style="background:#efb;" align="center"| Confidence and supply
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[1984 Catalan regional election|1984]]
| rowspan="2"| 126,943
| rowspan="2"| 4.41 (#5)
| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|5|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]9
| {{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1984–1987)}}}}
|-
| {{no2|Opposition {{small|(1987–1988)}}}}
|-
! [[1988 Catalan regional election|1988]]
| align="left"| Joan Hortalà
| 111,647
| 4.14 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|6|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1992 Catalan regional election|1992]]
| rowspan="2" align="left"| Àngel Colom
| 210,366
| 7.96 (#3)
| {{Composition bar|11|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1995 Catalan regional election|1995]]
| 305,867
| 9.49 (#4)
| {{Composition bar|13|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]2
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1999 Catalan regional election|1999]]
| rowspan="4" align="left"| [[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]]
| 271,173
| 8.67 (#4)
| {{Composition bar|12|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[2003 Catalan regional election|2003]]
| rowspan="2"| 544,324
| rowspan="2"| 16.44 (#3)
| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|23|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]11
| {{yes2|[[Government of Pasqual Maragall|Coalition]] {{small|(2003–2006)}}}}
|-
| {{no2|Opposition {{small|(2006)}}}}
|-
! [[2006 Catalan regional election|2006]]
| 416,355
| 14.03 (#3)
| {{Composition bar|21|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| {{yes2|[[Government of José Montilla|Coalition]]}}
|-
! [[2010 Catalan regional election|2010]]
| align="left"| [[Joan Puigcercós]]
| 219,173
| 7.00 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|10|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]11
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2012 Catalan regional election|2012]]
| align="left"| [[Oriol Junqueras]]
| colspan="2"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|19|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]9
| style="background:#efb;" align="center"| Confidence and supply
|-
! [[2015 Catalan regional election|2015]]
| align="left"| [[Oriol Junqueras]]{{efn|Junqueras was the leader of ERC in the Catalan Parliament, the leader of the JxSí coalition was [[Artur Mas]].}}
| colspan="2"| Within [[Junts pel Sí|JxSí]]
| {{Composition bar|24|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| {{yes2|[[Government of Carles Puigdemont|Coalition]]}}
|-
! [[2017 Catalan regional election|2017]]
| align="left"| [[Oriol Junqueras]]{{efn|At the time of the election, Junqueras was in [[preventive detention]] in [[Estremera]] ([[Community of Madrid|Madrid]]).}}
| colspan="2"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|30|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| {{yes2|[[Government of Quim Torra|Coalition]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[2021 Catalan regional election|2021]]
| rowspan="3" align="left"| [[Pere Aragonès]]
| rowspan="2" | 605,529
| rowspan="2" | 21.29 (#2)
| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|33|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]3
| {{yes2|[[Government of Pere Aragonès|Coalition]] {{small|(2021–2022)}}}}
|-
| {{yes2|[[Government of Pere Aragonès|Minority]] {{small|(2022–2024)}}}}
|-
! [[2024 Catalan regional election|2024]]
| 431,128
| 13.66 (#3)
| {{Composition bar|20|135|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]13
| style="background:#efb;" align="center"|Confidence and supply
|}

===Parliament of the Balearic Islands===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="8"| [[Parliament of the Balearic Islands]]
|-
! width="75"| Election
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="40"| +/–
! Leading candidate
! Status in legislature
|-
! [[1995 Balearic regional election|1995]]
| 2,082
| 0.55%
| 7th
| {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
| 
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[1999 Balearic regional election|1999]]
| 1,106
| 0.30%
| 8th
| {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[2003 Balearic regional election|2003]]
| 1,667
| 0.39%
| 9th
| {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Catalina Gelabert
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[2007 Balearic regional election|2007]]
| rowspan="2" colspan="3"| Within [[Bloc for Majorca|Bloc]]
| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|1|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| rowspan="2"| Biel Barceló
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition {{small|(PSIB–[[Bloc for Mallorca|Bloc]]–[[Majorcan Union|UM]])}}
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition {{small|(PSIB–[[Bloc for Mallorca|Bloc]]; from Feb. 2010)}}
|-
! [[2011 Balearic regional election|2011]]
| 5,325
| 1.27%
| 8th
| {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| Joan Lladó
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[2015 Balearic regional election|2015]]
| 766
| 0.18%
| 17th
| {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Josep Antoni Prats
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|}

===Cortes Generales===
====Nationwide====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="11"| [[Cortes Generales]]
|-
! rowspan="2" width="75"| Election
! colspan="5"| Congress
! colspan="2"| Senate
! rowspan="2"| Leading candidate
! rowspan="2"| Status in legislature
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[1931 Spanish general election|1931]]
| rowspan="2"| —
| rowspan="2"| 6.20%
| rowspan="2"| 4th
| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|29|473|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| rowspan="2"| ''New''
| rowspan="2"| —
| rowspan="2"| —
| rowspan="2"| Joaquim Llorens Abelló
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition (1931)
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| [[Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic|Coalition]] (1931–1933)
|-
! [[1933 Spanish general election|1933]]
| —
| 3.60%
| 7th
| {{Composition bar|17|473|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]12
| —
| —
| [[Lluís Companys]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! rowspan="4"| [[1936 Spanish general election|1936]]
| rowspan="4" colspan="3" | Within [[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]]
| rowspan="4"| {{Composition bar|21|473|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| rowspan="4"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]4
| rowspan="4"| —
| rowspan="4"| —
| rowspan="4"| [[Joan Lluhí]]
| style="background:#ffff8c;"| Confidence and supply (1936)
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition (1936–1938)
|-
| style="background:#ffff8c;"| Confidence and supply (1938–1939)
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition (1939)
|-
| colspan="10"| ''[[Francoist dictatorship]]''
|-
|-
! [[1977 Spanish general election|1977]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front|EC–FED]]
| {{Composition bar|1|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
| {{Composition bar|1|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
| [[Heribert Barrera]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1979 Spanish general election|1979]]
| 123,452
| 0.69%
| 13th
| {{Composition bar|1|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|2|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| [[Heribert Barrera]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1982 Spanish general election|1982]]
| 138,118
| 0.66%
| 9th
| {{Composition bar|1|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|2|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Francesc Vicens
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1986 Spanish general election|1986]]
| 84,628
| 0.42%
| 12th
| {{Composition bar|0|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| {{Composition bar|0|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| Francesc Vicens
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[1989 Spanish general election|1989]]
| 84,756
| 0.41%
| 16th
| {{Composition bar|0|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Joan Hortalà
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[1993 Spanish general election|1993]]
| 189,632
| 0.80%
| 9th
| {{Composition bar|1|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| {{Composition bar|0|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| [[Pilar Rahola]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1996 Spanish general election|1996]]
| 167,641
| 0.67%
| 9th
| {{Composition bar|1|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| [[Pilar Rahola]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2000 Spanish general election|2000]]
| 194,715
| 0.84%
| 9th
| {{Composition bar|1|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|1|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| [[Joan Puigcercós]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2004 Spanish general election|2004]]
| 652,196
| 2.52%
| 5th
| {{Composition bar|8|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]7
| {{Composition bar|3|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]2
| [[Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2008 Spanish general election|2008]]
| 298,139
| 1.16%
| 7th
| {{Composition bar|3|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]5
| {{Composition bar|3|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Joan Ridao
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2011 Spanish general election|2011]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|3|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]3
| [[Alfred Bosch]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2015 Spanish general election|2015]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|9|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| {{Composition bar|6|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| [[Gabriel Rufián]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2016 Spanish general election|2016]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|9|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|10|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]4
| [[Gabriel Rufián]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[April 2019 Spanish general election|2019 (Apr)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| {{Composition bar|14|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| {{Composition bar|11|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| [[Oriol Junqueras]]{{efn|At the time of the election, Junqueras was in [[preventive detention]] in [[Soto del Real]] ([[Community of Madrid|Madrid]]).}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[November 2019 Spanish general election|2019 (Nov)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| {{Composition bar|12|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| {{Composition bar|11|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| [[Gabriel Rufián]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
![[2023 Spanish general election|2023]]
| 462,883
| 1.89%
| 5th
|{{Composition bar|7|350|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]6
|{{Composition bar|3|208|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]8
|[[Gabriel Rufián]]
|style="background:#ffff8c;"| Confidence and supply
|}

===Regional breakdown===
{|
| style="vertical-align:top"|

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="3" width="75"| Election
! colspan="7"| Catalonia
|-
! colspan="5"| Congress
! colspan="2"| Senate
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1977 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1977]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front|EC–FED]]
| {{Composition bar|1|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
| {{Composition bar|1|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1979]]
| 123,452
| 4.18%
| 5th
| {{Composition bar|1|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|2|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1982 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1982]]
| 138,118
| 4.02%
| 5th
| {{Composition bar|1|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|2|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1986 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1986]]
| 84,628
| 2.67%
| 6th
| {{Composition bar|0|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| {{Composition bar|0|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1989 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1989]]
| 84,756
| 2.68%
| 6th
| {{Composition bar|0|46|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1993 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1993]]
| 186,784
| 5.10%
| 5th
| {{Composition bar|1|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| {{Composition bar|0|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1996 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1996]]
| 162,545
| 4.18%
| 5th
| {{Composition bar|1|46|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2000 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2000]]
| 190,292
| 5.64%
| 4th
| {{Composition bar|1|46|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|1|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2004 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2004]]
| 638,902
| 15.89%
| 3rd
| {{Composition bar|8|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]7
| {{Composition bar|3|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]2
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2008 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2008]]
| 291,532
| 7.83%
| 4th
| {{Composition bar|3|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]5
| {{Composition bar|3|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2011 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2011]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|3|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]3
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2015 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2015]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|9|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| {{Composition bar|6|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2016 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2016]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| {{Composition bar|9|47|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|10|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]4
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the April 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2019 (Apr)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| {{Composition bar|14|48|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| {{Composition bar|11|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the November 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2019 (Nov)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| {{Composition bar|12|48|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| {{Composition bar|11|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
![[2023 Spanish general election|2023]]
| colspan="3" |Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
|{{Composition bar|7|48|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]6
|{{Composition bar|3|16|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]8
|}

| colwidth="1em"| &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top"|

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="3" width="75"| Election
! colspan="7"| Balearic Islands
|-
! colspan="5"| Congress
! colspan="2"| Senate
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1993 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearics|1993]]
| 2,848
| 0.69%
| 8th
| {{Composition bar|0|7|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1996 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearics|1996]]
| 1,802
| 0.42%
| 7th
| {{Composition bar|0|7|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2000 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2000]]
| 1,340
| 0.34%
| 7th
| {{Composition bar|0|7|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2004 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2004]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Progressives for the Balearic Islands|Progressistes]]
| {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2008 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2008]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Unity for the Isles|UIB]]
| {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2011 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2011]]
| 4,681
| 1.07%
| 6th
| {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2016 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2016]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Sovereignty for the Isles|SI]]
| {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the April 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2019 (Apr)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Veus Progressistes|VP]]
| {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the November 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2019 (Nov)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Més Esquerra]]
| {{Composition bar|0|8|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| {{Composition bar|0|5|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|}
|}

===European Parliament===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="15"| [[European Parliament]]
|-
! rowspan="2" width="75"| Election
! colspan="5"| Total
! colspan="3"| Catalonia
! colspan="3"| Balearic Islands
! colspan="3"| Valencian Community{{efn|Since 2000 as [[Republican Left of the Valencian Country]].}}
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
|-
! [[1987 European Parliament election in Spain|1987]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Coalition for the Europe of the Peoples|CEP]]
| {{Composition bar|0|60|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| —
| 112,107
| 3.70%
| 6th
| 533
| 0.16%
| 16th
| colspan="3" {{N/A}}
|-
! [[1989 European Parliament election in Spain|1989]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[For the Europe of the Peoples (1989)|PEP]]
| {{Composition bar|0|60|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 78,408
| 3.29%
| 6th
| colspan="3" {{N/A}}
| colspan="3" {{N/A}}
|-
! [[1994 European Parliament election in Spain|1994]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[For the Europe of the Peoples (1994)|PEP]]
| {{Composition bar|0|64|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 141,285
| 5.52%
| 5th
| 2,350
| 0.81%
| 8th
| 2,482
| 0.12%
| 11th
|-
! [[1999 European Parliament election in Spain|1999]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Nationalist Coalition–Europe of the Peoples|CN–EP]]
| {{Composition bar|0|64|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 174,374
| 6.06%
| 4th
| colspan="3" {{N/A}}
| 3,057
| 0.13%
| 10th
|-
! [[2004 European Parliament election in Spain|2004]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Europe of the Peoples (2004)|EdP]]
| {{Composition bar|1|54|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| 249,757
| 11.80%
| 4th
| 7,498
| 2.87%
| 5th
| 15,703
| 0.90%
| 5th
|-
! [[2009 European Parliament election in Spain|2009]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Europe of the Peoples–Greens|EdP–V]]
| {{Composition bar|1|54|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 181,213
| 9.20%
| 4th
| 7,651
| 2.97%
| 4th
| 9,807
| 0.52%
| 7th
|-
! [[2014 European Parliament election in Spain|2014]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[The Left for the Right to Decide|EPDD]]
| {{Composition bar|1|54|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 595,493
| 23.69%
| '''1st'''
| 19,602
| 7.26%
| 5th
| 8,129
| 0.46%
| 13th
|-
! [[2019 European Parliament election in Spain|2019]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Ahora Repúblicas|AR]]
| {{Composition bar|2|59|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| 727,039
| 21.21%
| 3rd
| 20,464
| 4.90%
| 6th
| 12,388
| 0.54%
| 8th
|-
! [[2024 European Parliament election in Spain|2024]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Ahora Repúblicas|AR]]
| {{Composition bar|1|61|hex={{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}}
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| 355,460
| 14.81%
| 3rd
| colspan="3" {{N/A}}
| 8,500
| 0.43%
| 9th
|}

==See also==
*[[List of political parties in Catalonia]]
*[[Republican Youth of Catalonia]]
*[[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia]]
*[[History of political Catalanism]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite journal|title=Political News from Spain
 |last=Rosenberg|first=S. L. Millard |journal=Hispania|volume=16|issue=2|date=May 1933
 |pages=207–218|publisher=American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese|jstor=332731}}
* {{cite book |last1=Culla |first1=Joan B. |title=Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya 1931-2012 |date=2012 |publisher=La Campana |isbn=978-84-96735-82-8 |edition=1st}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://boe.es/biblioteca_juridica/abrir_pdf.php?id=PUB-PB-2018-91|title=Nación y nacionalismos en la España de las autonomías|first=Jordi|last=Canal|chapter=Entre el autonomismo y la independencia: nacionalismo, nación y procesos de nacionalización en Cataluña (1980-2015)|editor-first=Isidro|editor-last=Sepúlveda Muñoz|publisher=[[Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado]]|location=Madrid|year=2018|isbn= 978-84-340-2494-6|pages=77–108}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya}}
*{{official website}} {{in lang|ca}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061011154930/http://www.esquerra.cat/web_nova/arxius/DIangles.pdf Ideological declaration] {{in lang|en}} 
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227060130/http://www.esquerra.cat/web_nova/arxius/Hangles.pdf ERC's brief history] {{in lang|en}} 
*[http://www.jerc.cat/ Joventuts de l'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya] Youth section's site {{in lang|ca}}
{{Catalan nationalism}}
{{Catalan political parties}}
{{Spanish political parties}}
{{French political parties}}
{{Members of the European Free Alliance}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Republican Left of Catalonia| ]]
[[Category:Political parties in the Balearic Islands]]
[[Category:Political parties in Northern Catalonia]]
[[Category:Catalan independence movement]]
[[Category:Pro-independence parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1931]]
[[Category:Secessionist organizations in Europe]]
[[Category:European Free Alliance]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in Catalonia]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Spain]]
[[Category:1931 establishments in Spain]]