View source for Reproductive system disease

A '''reproductive system disease''' is any [[disease]] of the [[human reproductive system]].

==Types==

===Infections===
'''Reproductive tract infection''' ('''RTI''') are [[infections]] that affect the reproductive tract, which is part of the [[Human reproductive system|reproductive system]]. For females, reproductive tract infections can affect the upper reproductive tract ([[fallopian tubes]], [[ovary]] and [[uterus]]) and the lower reproductive tract ([[vagina]], [[cervix]] and [[vulva]]); for males these infections affect the [[Human penis|penis]], [[testicles]], [[urethra]] or the [[vas deferens]]. The three types of reproductive tract infections are [[endogenous infections]], [[iatrogenic infections]] and the more commonly known [[sexually transmitted infections]].<ref>[http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/RTIFacsheetsRev.pdf Reproductive Tract Infections: An Introductory Overview], from [[Population Council]]. Retrieved January 2013</ref> Each has its own specific causes and [[symptoms]], caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus or other organism. Some infections are easily treatable and can be cured, some are more difficult, and some are non curable such as [[AIDS]] and [[herpes]].<ref>[http://www.engenderhealth.org/wh/inf/drti.html HIV, AIDS, and Sexually Transmitted Infections], at [[EngenderHealth]]. Retrieved January 2017</ref>

===Congenital abnormalities===
Examples of [[congenital abnormalities]] of the reproductive system include:{{cn|date=April 2023}}
* [[Kallmann syndrome]] - Genetic disorder causing decreased functioning of the sex hormone-producing glands caused by a deficiency of one or both testes from the scrotum.
* [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]] - A genetic disorder causing people who are genetically male (i.e. XY chromosome pair) to develop sexually as a female due to an inability to utilize androgen.
* [[Intersexuality]] - A person who has genitalia and/or other sexual traits which are not clearly male or female.

===Examples of cancers===
Examples of [[cancer]]s of the reproductive system include:{{cn|date=April 2023}}
* [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
* [[Breast cancer]] - Cancer of the mammary gland
* [[Cervical cancer]] - Cancer of the cervix
* [[Ovarian cancer]] - Cancer of the ovary
* [[Penile cancer]] - Cancer of the penis
* [[Prostate cancer]] - Cancer of the prostate gland
* [[Uterine sarcoma|Uterine cancer]] - Cancer of the uterus
* [[Testicular cancer]] - Cancer of the testicle
* [[Vulvar cancer]] - Cancer of the vulva

===Examples of functional problems===
Examples of functional problems of the reproductive system include:
* [[Impotence]] - The inability of a male to produce or maintain an erection.
* [[Hypogonadism]] - A lack of function of the gonads, in regards to either hormones or gamete production.
* [[Ectopic pregnancy]] - When a fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall.
* [[Female sexual arousal disorder]] - A condition of decreased, insufficient, or absent lubrication in females during sexual activity
* [[Premature ejaculation]] -   A lack of voluntary control over ejaculation.
* [[Dysmenorrhea]] - Is a medical condition of pain during menstruation that interferes with daily activities<ref>[http://apparentlifestyle.com/blog/2012/03/06/reproductive-system-a-summary-of-its-main-diseases-symptoms-and-their-causes/  Reproductive System Diseases : Types, Signs and Symptoms and Causes]</ref>

===Endocrine===
It is also known that [[Endocrine disruptor|disruption of the endocrine system]] by certain chemicals adversely affects the development of the reproductive system and can cause vaginal [[cancer]].<ref name="NIEHS">{{cite web |url= http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/docs/endocrine.pdf |title= Endocrine Disruptors |access-date= 2007-11-29 |year= 2006 |publisher= National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080227041532/http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/docs/endocrine.pdf |archive-date= 2008-02-27 }}</ref> Many other reproductive diseases have also been link to exposure to synthetic and environmental chemicals. Common chemicals with known links to reproductive disorders include: [[lead]], [[dioxins and dioxin-like compounds]], [[styrene]], [[toluene]], BPA ([[Bisphenol A]]) and [[pesticide]]s.<ref>[http://www.protectingourhealth.org/newscience/infertility/2003-04peerreviewinfertility.htm  Infertility and Related Reproductive Disorders.] 2003. Ted Schettler, MD. The collaborative on health and the environment.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}}
{{Female diseases of the pelvis and genitals}}
{{Reproductive health}}
{{women's health}}

[[Category:Sexual health]]
[[Category:Genitourinary system diseases]]
[[Category:Midwifery]]
[[Category:Women's health]]