View source for Regions of Italy

{{Short description|Primary administrative divisions of Italy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Regions of Italy<br />{{native name|it|Regioni d'Italia}}
| alt_name = {{native name|frp|Règions étaliènes}}, {{native name|fr|Régions d'Italie}}, {{native name|fur|Regjons de Italie}}, {{native name|de|Italienische Regionen}}, {{native name|sl|Italijanske Dežele}}, {{native name|lld|Regions de la Talia}}, {{native name|lij|Regioin d'Italia}}, {{native name|lmo|Region de Talia}}, {{native name|nap|Reggione d'Italia}}, {{native name|oc|Regions d'Itàlia}}, {{native name|sc|Regiones de s'Itàlia}}, {{native name|scn|Riggiuni d'Italia}}, {{native name|vec|Rejon de Itàlia}}
| map = {{Italy Labelled Map Scalable|image-width=350}}
| category = [[Regional state|Regionalised unitary state]]
| territory = [[Italy|Italian Republic]]
| start_date = 
| current_number = [[#Regions|20]]
| number_date = 
| population_range = 143,000 ([[Aosta Valley]]) – 10,342,000 ([[Lombardy]])
| area_range = {{Convert|3,261|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[Aosta Valley]]) –<br>{{Convert|25,832|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[Sicily]])
| government = Regional government, [[Government of Italy|national government]]
| subdivision = [[Provinces of Italy|Provinces]]
}}

The '''regions of Italy''' ({{langx|it|regioni d'Italia}}) are the first-level [[administrative division]]s of the [[Italy|Italian Republic]], constituting its second [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] administrative level.<ref name=eurostat>{{cite web|title=National structures|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/correspondence_tables/national_structures_eu|publisher=Eurostat|access-date=6 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713161607/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/correspondence_tables/national_structures_eu|archive-date=13 July 2014}}</ref> There are twenty regions, [[#Autonomous regions with special statute|five of which are autonomous regions with special status]]. Under the [[Constitution of Italy]], each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the [[Aosta Valley]] (since 1945), each region is divided into a number of [[provinces of Italy|provinces]].

==History==
During the [[Kingdom of Italy]], regions were mere statistical districts of the central state. Under the Republic, they were granted a measure of political autonomy by the 1948 [[Italian Constitution]]. The original draft list comprised the [[Salento]] region (which was eventually included in [[Apulia]]); ''Friuli'' and ''Venezia Giulia'' were separate regions, and [[Basilicata]] was named ''Lucania''. [[Abruzzo]] and [[Molise]] were identified as separate regions in the first draft, but were later merged into ''Abruzzi e Molise'' in the final constitution of 1948, before being separated in 1963.

Implementation of [[regional autonomy]] was postponed until the first Regional elections of 1970. The ruling [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] party did not want the opposition [[Italian Communist Party]] to gain power in the regions where it was historically rooted (the ''red belt'' of [[Emilia-Romagna]], [[Tuscany]], [[Umbria]] and the [[Marche]]s).

Regions acquired a significant level of autonomy following a constitutional reform in 2001 (brought about by a centre-left government and confirmed by popular referendum), which granted them residual policy competence. A further [[federalist]] reform was proposed by the regionalist party {{Lang|it|[[Lega Nord]]|italic=no}} and in 2005, the centre-right government led by [[Silvio Berlusconi]] proposed a new reform that would have greatly increased the power of regions.<ref name=fedref/>

The proposals, which had been particularly associated with {{Lang|it|Lega Nord|italic=no}}, and seen by some as leading the way to a federal state, were rejected in the [[2006 Italian constitutional referendum]] by 61.7% "no" to 38.3% "yes".<ref name=fedref>{{cite news|title=Speciale Referendum 2006|url=http://www.repubblica.it/speciale/2006/referendum/|access-date=6 December 2011|newspaper=la Repubblica|date=26 June 2006}}</ref> The results varied considerably among the regions, ranging from 55.3% in favour in [[Veneto]] to 82% against in [[Calabria]].<ref name="fedref" />

==Political control==
{{See also|Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces}}
[[File:Winning coalitions in Italian regions and autonomous provinces in 2024.svg|thumb|Regions coloured by the winning coalition (as of November 2024)]]
Number of regions governed by each coalition since 1995:

{{legend|#EF3E3E|[[Centre-left coalition (Italy)|Centre-left]]}}{{legend|#0A6BE1|[[Centre-right coalition (Italy)|Centre-right]]}}{{legend|#cccccc|Others}}
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==Regions==
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%" style="font-size:100%"
! class="unsortable" rowspan="2"|[[Flags of regions of Italy|Flag]]
! rowspan=2|Region<br/><small>''Italian name'' (if&nbsp;different)</small>
! rowspan=2|Status
! colspan=2|[[Population]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Population Italian Regions|url=http://www.tuttitalia.it/regioni/|website=tuttitalia.it}}</ref><br/><small>January 2023</small>
! colspan=2|Area
! rowspan=2|[[Population density|Pop. density]]<br/>(p/km<sup>2</sup>)
! rowspan=2|[[Human Development Index|HDI]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/ITA/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2022|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org}}</ref> 2022
! rowspan=2|[[Capital (political)|Capital]]
! class="unsortable" colspan=2 rowspan=2|President
! rowspan=2|Number of [[Comune|comuni]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Italian Comuni|url=http://www.tuttitalia.it/regioni/|website=tuttitalia.it}}</ref>
! rowspan=2|[[Provinces of Italy|Prov.]] or<br/>[[Metropolitan cities of Italy|metrop. cities]]
|-style="background:#CEF6D8"|
!Number
!%
!km<sup>2</sup>
!%
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Abruzzo.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Abruzzo]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|1,307,000
| align=right|2.16%
| align=right|{{convert|10,832|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|3.59%
| align=right|118
| align=right|0.889
| align=center|[[L'Aquila]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
|[[Marco Marsilio]]<br/><small>''[[Brothers of Italy]]''</small>
| align=center|305
| align=center|4
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Valle d'Aosta.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Aosta Valley]]'''<br/>''Valle d'Aosta''/''Vallée d'Aoste''
| align=center|Autonomous
| align=right|143,000
| align=right|0.21%
| align=right|{{convert|3,261|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|1.08%
| align=right|38
| align=right|0.887
| align=center|[[Aosta]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}};"|
| [[Renzo Testolin]]<br><small>''[[Valdostan Union]]''</small>
| align=center|74
| align=center|1
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Apulia.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Apulia]]'''<br/>''Puglia''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|3,945,000
| align=right|6.63%
| align=right|{{convert|19,541|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|6.48%
| align=right|200
| align=right|0.854
| align=center|[[Bari]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
| [[Michele Emiliano]]<br/><small>''[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]''</small>
| align=center|257
| align=center|6
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Basilicata.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Basilicata]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|559,000
| align=right|0.92%
| align=right|{{convert|10,073|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|3.34%
| align=right|54
| align=right|0.862
| align=center|[[Potenza]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
| [[Vito Bardi]]<br/><small>{{Lang|it|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]|italic=yes}}</small>
| align=center|131
| align=center|2
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Calabria.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Calabria]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|1,870,000
| align=right|3.13%
| align=right|{{convert|15,222|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|5.04%
| align=right|121
| align=right|0.845
| align=center|[[Catanzaro]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
| [[Roberto Occhiuto]] <br/><small>{{Lang|it|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]|italic=yes}}</small>
| align=center|404
| align=center|5
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Campania.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Campania]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|5,615,000
| align=right|9.48%
| align=right|{{convert|13,671|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|4.53%
| align=right|409
| align=right|0.854
| align=center|[[Naples]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
| [[Vincenzo De Luca]]<br/><small>''[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]''</small>
| align=center|550
| align=center|5
|-
| align=center|[[File:Fictional Emilia-Romagna Flag.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Emilia-Romagna]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|4,452,000
| align=right|7.51%
| align=right|{{convert|22,453|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|7.44%
| align=right|197
| align=right|0.921
| align=center|[[Bologna]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
| [[Michele De Pascale]]<br/><small>''[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]''</small>
| align=center|330
| align=center|9
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]'''<br/>''Furlanija-Julijska Krajina/Friûl-Vignesie Julie''
| align=center|Autonomous
| align=right|1,219,000
| align=right|2.03%
| align=right|{{convert|7,924|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|2.63%
| align=right|151
| align=right|0.903
| align=center|[[Trieste]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
| [[Massimiliano Fedriga]]<br/><small>''[[Lega (political party)|League]]''</small>
| align=center|215
| align=center|4
|-
| align=center|[[File:Lazio Flag.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Lazio]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|5,745,000
| align=right|9.69%
| align=right|{{convert|17,232|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|5.71%
| align=right|332
| align=right|0.914
| align=center|[[Rome]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
| [[Francesco Rocca (politician)|Francesco Rocca]]<br/><small>''[[Independent politician|Independent]]''</small>
| align=center|378
| align=center|5
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Liguria.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Liguria]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|1,535,000
| align=right|2.56%
| align=right|{{convert|5,416|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|1.79%
| align=right|278
| align=right|0.898
| align=center|[[Genoa]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
| [[Marco Bucci (politician)|Marco Bucci]]<br/><small>''[[Independent politician|Independent]]''</small>
| align=center|234
| align=center|4
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Lombardy.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Lombardy]]'''<br/>''Lombardia''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|10,342,000
| align=right|16.89%
| align=right|{{convert|23,864|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|7.91%
| align=right|418
| align=right|0.912
| align=center|[[Milan]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
| [[Attilio Fontana]]<br/><small>''[[Lega (political party)|League]]''</small>
| align=center|1,506
| align=center|12
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Marche.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Marche]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|1,524,000
| align=right|2.53%
| align=right|{{convert|9,401|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|3.12%
| align=right|158
| align=right|0.901
| align=center|[[Ancona]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
| [[Francesco Acquaroli (politician)|Francesco Acquaroli]]<br/><small>''[[Brothers of Italy]]''</small>
| align=center|225
| align=center|5
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Molise.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Molise]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|324,000
| align=right|0.49%
| align=right|{{convert|4,461|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|1.48%
| align=right|65
| align=right|0.872
| align=center|[[Campobasso]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
| [[Francesco Roberti (politician)|Francesco Roberti]]<br/><small>{{Lang|it|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]|italic=yes}}</small>
| align=center|136
| align=center|2
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Piedmont.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Piedmont]]'''<br/>''Piemonte''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|4,302,000
| align=right|7.21%
| align=right|{{convert|25,387|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|8.41%
| align=right|168
| align=right|0.898
| align=center|[[Turin]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
| [[Alberto Cirio]]<br/><small>{{Lang|it|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]|italic=yes}}</small>
| align=center|1,181
| align=center|8
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Sardinia, Italy.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Sardinia]]'''<br/>''Sardegna''
| align=center|Autonomous
| align=right|1,604,000
| align=right|2.68%
| align=right|{{convert|24,100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|7.99%
| align=right|66
| align=right|0.868
| align=center|[[Cagliari]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
| [[Alessandra Todde]]<br/><small>''[[Five Star Movement]]''</small>
| align=center|377
| align=center|5
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Sicily.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Sicily]]'''<br/>''Sicilia''
| align=center|Autonomous
| align=right|4,825,000
| align=right|8.14%
| align=right|{{convert|25,832|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|8.56%
| align=right|186
| align=right|0.845
| align=center|[[Palermo]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}}"|
| [[Renato Schifani]]<br/><small>{{Lang|it|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]|italic=yes}}</small>
| align=center|391
| align=center|9
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[File:Flag of Trentino-South Tyrol.svg|40px|border]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |'''[[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol|Trentino-South Tyrol]]'''<br/>''Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol''
| rowspan="2" align="center" |Autonomous
| rowspan="2" align="right" |1,111,000
| rowspan="2" align="right" |1.83%
| rowspan="2" align="right" |{{convert|13,606|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| rowspan="2" align="right" |4.51%
| rowspan="2" align="right" |79
| align=right|[[Trentino]]: 0.920
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Trento]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Arno Kompatscher]]<br/><small>''[[Südtiroler Volkspartei|South Tyrolean People's Party]]''</small>
| rowspan="2" align="center" |282
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2
|-
| align=right|[[South Tyrol]]: 0.910
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Tuscany]]'''<br/>''Toscana''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|3,698,000
| align=right|6.23%
| align=right|{{convert|22,987|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|7.62%
| align=right|160
| align=right|0.907
| align=center|[[Florence]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
| [[Eugenio Giani]]<br/><small>''[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]''</small>
| align=center|273
| align=center|10
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Umbria.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Umbria]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|930,000
| align=right|1.46%
| align=right|{{convert|8,464|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|2.81%
| align=right|102
| align=right|0.897
| align=center|[[Perugia]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-left coalition}}"|
| [[Stefania Proietti]]<br/><small>''[[Independent politician|Independent]]''</small>
| align=center|92
| align=center|2
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''[[Veneto]]'''
| align=center|Ordinary
| align=right|4,883,000
| align=right|8.23%
| align=right|{{convert|18,345|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align=right|5.97%
| align=right|265
| align=right|0.900
| align=center|[[Venice]]
| style="background:{{party color|Centre-right coalition}};"|
| [[Luca Zaia]]<br/><small>''[[Lega (political party)|League]]''</small>
| align=center|563
| align=center|7
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Italy.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|'''Italy<br/>''Italia'''''
| align=center|'''—'''
| align=right|'''59,933,000'''
| align=right|'''100.00%'''
| align=right|'''{{convert|302,068.26|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}'''
| align=right|'''100.00%'''
| align=right|'''195'''
| align=right|'''0.892'''
| align=center|'''[[Rome]]'''
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
| '''[[Sergio Mattarella]]<br/><small>''[[Independent politician|Independent]]''</small>'''
| align=center|'''7,904'''
| align=center|'''107'''
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
|}

==Macroregions==
Macroregions are the [[First-level NUTS of the European Union#Italy|first-level NUTS]] of the [[European Union]].<sup>([[:it:Gruppi di regioni d'Italia|it]])</sup><ref>{{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/popres/index.php?anno=2021&lingua=ita|title=ISTAT geo-demo}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="80%" style="text-align:right;"
! class="unsortable" rowspan="2"|Map
! rowspan=2|Macroregion<br/><small>''Italian name''</small>
! rowspan=2|Regions
! rowspan=2|Major city
! colspan=2|[[Population]]<br/><small>January 2022</small>
! colspan=2|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! rowspan=2|[[Population density|Population<br/> density]]<br/>(km<sup>2</sup>)
! rowspan="2" |[[List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 2019–2024|MEPs]]
|-style="background:#CEF6D8"|
!Number
!%
!km<sup>2</sup>
!%
|-
| align=center|[[File:Italian NUTS1 Central.svg|130px|center]]
| align=center|'''[[Central Italy|Centre]]'''<br/>''Centro''
| align=center|[[Lazio]]<br/>[[Marche]]<br/>[[Tuscany]]<br/>[[Umbria]]
| align=center|[[Rome]]
| 11,740,836
| 19.91%
| {{convert|58,085|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| 19.23%
| 202
|[[Central Italy (European Parliament constituency)|15]]
|-
| align=center|[[File:Italian NUTS1 NorthWest.svg|130px|center]]
| align=center|'''[[Northwest Italy|North-West]]'''<br/>''Nord-Ovest''
| align=center|[[Aosta Valley]]<br/>[[Liguria]]<br/>[[Lombardy]]<br/>[[Piedmont]]
| align=center|[[Milan]]
| 15,848,100
| 26.87%
| {{convert|57,928|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| 19.18%
| 274
|[[North-West Italy (European Parliament constituency)|20]]
|-
| align=center|[[File:Italian NUTS1 NorthEast.svg|130px|center]]
| align=center|'''[[Northeast Italy|North-East]]'''<br/>''Nord-Est''
| align=center|[[Emilia-Romagna]]<br/>[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]<br/>[[Trentino-South Tyrol]]<br/>[[Veneto]]
| align=center|[[Bologna]]
| 11,561,676
| 19.60%
| {{convert|62,003|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| 20.63%
| 186
|[[North-East Italy (European Parliament constituency)|15]]
|-
| align=center|[[File:Italian NUTS1 South.svg|130px|center]]
| align=center|'''[[South Italy|South]]'''<br/>''Sud''
| align=center|[[Abruzzo]]<br/>[[Apulia]]<br/>[[Basilicata]]<br/>[[Calabria]]<br/>[[Campania]]<br/>[[Molise]]
| align=center|[[Naples]]
| 13,451,861
| 22.81%
| {{convert|73,800|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| 24.43%
| 182
|[[Southern Italy (European Parliament constituency)|18]]
|-
| align=center|[[File:Italian NUTS1 Islands.svg|130px|center]]
| align=center|'''[[Insular Italy|Islands]]'''<br/>{{Nowrap|''Isole'' or ''Insulare'' (adj)}}
| align=center|[[Sardinia]]<br/>[[Sicily]]
| align=center|[[Palermo]]
| 6,380,649
| 10.82%
| {{convert|49,932|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| 16.53%
| 128
|[[Italian Islands (European Parliament constituency)|8]]
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
|}

==Status==
[[File:Autonomous Regions of Italy.svg|thumb|right|The 5 autonomous regions in red and the 15 ordinary regions in gray]]
Every region has a statute that serves as a regional constitution, determining the form of government and the fundamental principles of the organization and the functioning of the region, as prescribed by the ''Constitution of Italy'' ([[Wikisource:Constitution of Italy#Art. 123|Article 123]]). Although all the regions except Tuscany define themselves in various ways as an "autonomous Region" in the first article of their Statutes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.simone.it/statuti/index.htm|title=Statuti Regionali – Casa Editrice: Edizioni Simone|first=Luciano|last=Torrente|first2=Paolo|last2=Strazzullo|first3=Roberto|last3=Pinto|website=www.simone.it|access-date=6 June 2011|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219042623/https://www.simone.it/statuti/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> fifteen regions have ordinary statutes and five have special statutes, granting them extended autonomy.

===Regions with ordinary statute===
These regions, whose statutes are approved by their regional councils, were created in 1970, even though the Italian Constitution dates back to 1948. Since the constitutional reform of 2001 they have had residual legislative powers: ''the regions have exclusive legislative power with respect to any matters not expressly reserved to state law'' ([[Wikisource:Constitution of Italy#Art. 117|Article 117]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://servat.unibe.ch/icl/it00000_.html|title=ICL – Italy – Constitution|first=Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher|last=LL.M.|website=servat.unibe.ch}}</ref> Yet their financial autonomy is quite modest: they keep just 20% of all levied taxes, mostly used to finance the [[healthcare in Italy|region-based healthcare system]].<ref name="Rai">Report [[RAI]] – Le regioni a statuto speciale (Italian), retrieved 21 January 2009 [http://www.report.rai.it/R2_popup_articolofoglia/0,7246,243%255E90034,00.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322060916/http://www.report.rai.it/R2_popup_articolofoglia/0,7246,243%5E90034,00.html|date=22 March 2009}}, [http://www.report.rai.it/R2_popup_articolofoglia/0,7246,243%255E90114,00.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006150409/http://www.report.rai.it/R2_popup_articolofoglia/0,7246,243%255E90034,00.html|date=6 October 2008}}</ref>

===Autonomous regions with special statute===
[[Wikisource:Constitution of Italy#Article 116|Article 116]] of the [[Constitution of Italy|Italian Constitution]] grants [[home rule]] to five regions: the [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]], and [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]], allowing them some legislative, administrative and financial power to a varying extent, depending on their specific statute. These regions became autonomous in order to take into account cultural differences and protect linguistic minorities. Moreover, the government wanted to prevent them from potentially seceding or being taken away from Italy after the defeat in [[World War II]].<ref name="Prof. Dr. Hiroko Kudo">Hiroko Kudo, "Autonomy and Managerial Innovation in Italian Regions after Constitutional Reform", Chuo University, Faculty of Law and Graduate School of Public Policy (2008): p. 1. Retrieved on 6 April 2012 from http://www.med-eu.org/proceedings/MED1/Kudo.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024056/http://www.med-eu.org/proceedings/MED1/Kudo.pdf |date=17 November 2015 }}.</ref>

==Institutions==
Each region has an elected parliament, called ''Consiglio Regionale'' (regional council), or ''Assemblea Regionale'' (regional assembly) in Sicily, and a government called ''Giunta Regionale'' (regional committee), headed by a governor called ''Presidente della Giunta Regionale'' (president of the regional committee) or ''Presidente della Regione'' (regional president). The latter is directly elected by the citizens of each region, with the exceptions of Aosta Valley and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regions where the president is chosen by the regional council.

Under the 1995 electoral law, the winning coalition receives an absolute majority of seats on the council. The president chairs the ''giunta'', and nominates or dismisses its members, called ''[[Assessor (Italy)|assessori]]''. If the directly elected president resigns, new elections are called immediately.

In the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, the regional council is made up of the joint session of the two provincial councils of Trentino and of South Tyrol. The regional president is one of the two provincial commissioners.

==Representation in the Senate==
[[File:Italian senators.png|thumb|Number of senators assigned to each Region before 2020]]
Article 57 of the Constitution of Italy originally established that the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]] was to be elected on a regional basis by Italian citizens aged 25 or older (unlike the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of the Deputies]], which was elected on a national basis and by all Italian citizens aged 18 or older). No region could have less than 7 senators, except for the two smallest regions: Aosta Valley (1 senator) and Molise (2 senators). From 2006 to 2020, 6 out of 315 senators (and 12 out of 630 deputies) were elected by [[Overseas constituencies of Italian Parliament|Italians residing abroad]].

After two constitutional amendments were passed respectively in 2020 (by [[2020 Italian constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]]) and 2021, however, there have been changes. The Senate is still elected on a regional basis, but the number of senators was reduced from 315 to 200, who are now elected by all citizens aged 18 or older, just like deputies (themselves being reduced from 630 to 400). Italians residing abroad now elect 4 senators (and 8 deputies).

The remaining 196 senators are assigned to each region proportionally according to their population. The amended Article 57 of the Constitution provides that no region can have fewer than 3 senators representing it, barring Aosta Valley and Molise, which retained 1 and 2 senators respectively.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!Region
!Seats
!Region
!Seats
!Region
!Seats
|-
| {{flag|Abruzzo}}
| align=right|4
| {{flag|Friuli-Venezia Giulia}}
| align=right|4
| {{flag|Sardinia}}
| align=right|5
|-
| {{flag|Aosta Valley}}
| align=right|1
| {{flag|Lazio}}
| align=right|18
| {{flag|Sicily}}
| align=right|16
|-
| {{flag|Apulia}}
| align=right|13
| {{flag|Liguria}}
| align=right|5
| {{flag|Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol}}
| align=right|6
|-
| {{flag|Basilicata}}
| align=right|3
| {{flag|Lombardy}}
| align=right|31
| {{flag|Tuscany}}
| align=right|12
|-
| {{flag|Calabria}}
| align=right|6
| {{flag|Marche}}
| align=right|5
| {{flag|Umbria}}
| align=right|3
|-
| {{flag|Campania}}
| align=right|18
| {{flag|Molise}}
| align=right|2
| {{flag|Veneto}}
| align=right|16
|-
| {{flag|Emilia-Romagna}}
| align=right|14
| {{flag|Piedmont}}
| align=right|14
| [[Overseas constituencies of Italian Parliament|Overseas constituencies]]
| align=right|4
|}

==Economy of regions and macroregions==
[[File:Italy, provinces by GDP.svg|thumb|GDP per capita 2018, EUR]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="60%" style="font-size:100%"
! width="3%" | Flag
! width="13%" | Name
! width="11%" | GDP 2018,<br>million EUR<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011">{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-27022014-AP/EN/1-27022014-AP-EN.PDF|title=GDP per capita in the EU in 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307224543/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-27022014-AP/EN/1-27022014-AP-EN.PDF|archive-date=7 March 2014}}</ref>
! width="11%" | GDP per capita 2018,<br>EUR<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011"/>
! width="11%" | GDP 2011,<br>million PPS<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011"/>
! width="11%" | GDP per capita 2011,<br>PPS<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011"/>
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Abruzzo.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Abruzzo]]
| align=right|33,900
| align=right|25,800
| align=right|29,438
| align=right|21,900
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Valle d'Aosta.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Aosta Valley]]
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|4,900
| align=right|38,900
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|4,236
| align=right|33,000
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Apulia.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Apulia]]
| align=right|76,600
| align=right|19,000
| align=right|68,496
| align=right|16,700
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Basilicata.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Basilicata]]
| align=right|12,600
| align=right|22,200
| align=right|10,517
| align=right|17,900
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Calabria.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Calabria]]
| align=right|33,300
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|17,000
| align=right|32,357
| align=right|16,100
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Campania.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Campania]]
| align=right|108,000
| align=right|18,600
| align=right|91,658
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|15,700
|-
| align=center|[[File:Fictional Emilia-Romagna Flag.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Emilia-Romagna]]
| align=right|161,000
| align=right|36,200
| align=right|139,597
| align=right|31,400
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
| align=right|38,000
| align=right|31,200
| align=right|35,855
| align=right|29,000
|-
| align=center|[[File:Lazio Flag.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Lazio]]
| align=right|198,000
| align=right|33,600
| align=right|168,609
| align=right|29,300
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Liguria.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Liguria]]
| align=right|49,900
| align=right|32,100
| align=right|43,069
| align=right|26,700
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Lombardy.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Lombardy]]
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|388,800
| align=right|38,600
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|330,042
| align=right|33,200
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Marche.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Marche]]
| align=right|43,200
| align=right|28,300
| align=right|40,014
| align=right|25,500
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Molise.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Molise]]
| align=right|6,500
| align=right|20,900
| align=right|6,278
| align=right|19,700
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Piedmont.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Piedmont]]
| align=right|137,000
| align=right|31,500
| align=right|123,336
| align=right|27,600
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Sardinia, Italy.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Sardinia]]
| align=right|34,900
| align=right|21,200
| align=right|32,377
| align=right|19,300
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Sicily.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Sicily]]
| align=right|89,200
| align=right|17,800
| align=right|82,183
| align=right|16,300
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Trentino-South Tyrol.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]
| align=right|41,700
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|39,200
| align=right|35,041
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|33,700
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Tuscany]]
| align=right|118,000
| align=right|31,500
| align=right|103,775
| align=right|27,600
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Umbria.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Umbria]]
| align=right|22,500
| align=right|25,400
| align=right|21,078
| align=right|23,200
|-
| align=center|[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|40px|border]]
| align=center|[[Veneto]]
| align=right|163,000
| align=right|33,200
| align=right|146,369
| align=right|29,600
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="60%" style="font-size:100%"
! width="3%" | Code
! width="13%" | Name
! width="11%" | GDP 2011,<br>million EUR<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011"/>
! width="11%" | GDP per capita 2011,<br>EUR<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011"/>
! width="11%" | GDP 2011,<br>million PPS<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011"/>
! width="11%" | GDP per capita 2011,<br>PPS<ref name="GDP per capita in the EU in 2011"/>
|-
| align=center|ITE
| align=center|'''Centre'''
| align=right|340,669
| align=right|28,400
| align=right|333,475
| align=right|27,800
|-
| align=center|ITC
| align=center|'''North-West'''
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|511,484
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|31,700
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|500,683
| align=right bgcolor=#BBFFDD|31,000
|-
| align=center|ITD
| align=center|'''North-East'''
| align=right|364,560
| align=right|31,200
| align=right|356,862
| align=right|30,600
|-
| align=center|ITF
| align=center|'''South'''
| align=right|243,895
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|17,200
| align=right|238,744
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|16,800
|-
| align=center|ITG
| align=center|'''Islands'''
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|117,031
| align=right|17,400
| align=right bgcolor=#FFDDDD|114,560
| align=right|17,000
|-
| align=center|-
| align=center|'''''Extra-regio'''''
| align=right|''2,771''
| align=right|–
| align=right|''2,712''
| align=right|–
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
|}

==See also==
{{portal|Politics|Italy}}
* [[Italian NUTS level 1 regions]]
* [[Regional council (Italy)]]
* [[List of current presidents of regions of Italy]]
* [[List of Italian regions by GDP]]
* [[List of Italian regions by GRP per capita]]
* [[List of Italian regions by Human Development Index]]
* [[Flags of regions of Italy]]
* [[ISO 3166-2:IT]]

===Other administrative divisions===
* [[Provinces of Italy]]
* [[Metropolitan cities of Italy]]
* [[Municipalities of Italy]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://citymayors.com/government/italy_government.html CityMayors article]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070706022759/http://www.italia.gov.it/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=e-Italia%2FStructure&pagetype=jsp&jspName=e-Italia%2Flivello2%2FtuaRegione&canale=1147178175822 Regional Governments of Italy on Italia.gov.it]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060202045836/http://www.governo.it/Istituzioni/index.html Regional Governments of Italy on Governo.it]

{{Regions of Italy}}
{{Europe topic|Regions of}}
{{Italy topics}}
{{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Regions Of Italy}}
[[Category:Regions of Italy| ]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of Italy]]
[[Category:Ranked lists of country subdivisions]]
[[Category:Lists of subdivisions of Italy]]
[[Category:Administrative divisions in Europe|Italy 1]]
[[Category:First-level administrative divisions by country|Regions, Italy]]