View source for Red side-necked turtle

{{Short description|Species of turtle}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Rhinemys rufipes Manaus1.jpg
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=Tortoise. |author2=Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. |year=1996 |errata=2016 |title=''Rhinemys rufipes'' |volume=1996 |page=e.T17082A97271702 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17082A6797634.en |access-date=6 July 2024}}</ref>
| display_parents = 2
| genus = Rhinemys
| parent_authority = Wagler, 1830
| species = rufipes
| authority = ([[Johann Baptist von Spix|Spix]], 1824)<ref name=spix1824>Spix, J.B. von. 1824. Animalia nova; sive, Species novae Testudinum et Ranarum, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis 1817-20 collegit et descripsit. F.S. Hübschmann, München. iv + 53 pp.</ref>
| range_map = Captura de tela 2023-11-17 210950.png
| range_map_caption = Range
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|toggle=left|title=<small>Synonymy</small>}}
* ''Emys rufipes''  <small>Spix, 1824</small>
* ''Hydraspis rufipes''  <small>Bell, 1828</small>
* ''Rhinemys rufipes''  <small>Wagler, 1830</small><ref name=wag30>Wagler, J.G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugthiere und Vögel. München: J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, 354 pp.</ref>
* ''Chelys (Hydraspis) rufipes''  <small>Gray, 1831</small>
* ''Platemys rufipes''  <small>Duméril & Bibron, 1835</small>
* ''Phrynops rufipes''  <small>Gray, 1844</small>
* ''Hydraspis rufipes''  <small>Boulenger, 1889</small>
* ''Rhinemys rufipes''  <small>Baur, 1893</small><ref name=baur1893>Baur, G. 1893. Notes on the classification and taxonomy of the Testudinata. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 31: 210-225</ref>
{{hidden end}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="crm5">Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, H. Bradley Shaffer, Roger Bour, and Anders G.J. Rhodin. 2012. Turtles of the World, 2012 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. ''Chelonian Research Monographs'' No. 5, pp. 000.243–000.328.</ref><ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal | journal = Vertebrate Zoology | title = Checklist of Chelonians of the World | year = 2007 | author = Fritz Uwe | author2 = Peter Havaš | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = 343–344 | doi = 10.3897/vz.57.e30895 | doi-access = free | issn = 1864-5755 }}</ref><ref name="reptiledb"/>
}}

The '''red side-necked turtle''' ('''''Rhinemys rufipes'''''), '''red turtle''', '''red-footed sideneck turtle''',<ref name=IUCN/> '''William's toadhead turtle''', or '''red-footed Amazon side-necked turtle'''<ref name="reptiledb">[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Rhinemys&species=rufipes&search_param=%28%28genus%3D%27Rhinemys%27%2Cexact%29%29 ''Rhinemys rufipes ''], The Reptile Database</ref> is a [[monotypic]] species of [[turtle]] in the family [[Chelidae]]. It is found in [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], and possibly [[Peru]].<ref name="reptiledb"/>

== Description ==
[[File:Rhinemys rufipes 32585007 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|In Brazil]]
This species is dimorphic in size meaning the sexes show different characteristics.<ref name="Viana_2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Viana PF, Feldberg E, Cioffi MB, de Carvalho VT, Menezes S, Vogt RC, Liehr T, Ezaz T | display-authors = 6 | title = The Amazonian Red Side-Necked Turtle ''Rhinemys rufipes'' (Spix, 1824) (Testudines, Chelidae) Has a GSD Sex-Determining Mechanism with an Ancient XY Sex Microchromosome System | journal = Cells | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | page = 2088 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32932633 | pmc = 7563702 | doi = 10.3390/cells9092088 | doi-access = free }}</ref> One study found that the largest female out of a group of 24 was 256&nbsp;mm in carapace length. Out of that same group, the largest male was only 199&nbsp;mm in carapace length.<ref name="Viana_2020" /> A study focused on determining how these turtles acquire their sex discovered that it is not environmentally determined rather, it is a genetic sex determination.<ref>Viana, P. F., Feldberg, E., Cioffi, M. B., de Carvalho, V. T., Menezes, S., Vogt, R. C., Liehr, T., & Ezaz, T. (2020). The Amazonian Red Side-Necked Turtle Rhinemys rufipes (Spix, 1824) (Testudines, Chelidae) Has a GSD Sex-Determining Mechanism with an Ancient XY Sex Microchromosome System. ''Cells (Basel, Switzerland)'', ''9''(9), 1–. {{doi|10.3390/cells9092088|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100">
File:Rhinemys rufipes Manaus2.jpg
File:Rhinemys rufipes Manaus3.jpg
File:Rhinemys-rufipes-03000048151 01.jpg
File:Captura de tela 2023-11-17 213540.png|Male (left), female (right).
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Pleurodira}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2260750}}

[[Category:Rhinemys]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Amazon]]
[[Category:Turtles of South America]]
[[Category:Turtles of Brazil]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Colombia]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1824]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

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