View source for Ray Hnatyshyn

{{Short description|Governor General of Canada from 1990 to 1995}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = Ray Hnatyshyn
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|size=100%|PC|CC|CMM|CD|QC (Can)|QC (Sask)|FRHSC(hon)}}
| image               = GG-Ray Hnatyshyn.jpg
| order               = 24th
| office              = Governor General of Canada
| term_start          = January 29, 1990
| term_end            = February 8, 1995
| monarch             = [[Elizabeth II]]
| predecessor         = [[Jeanne Sauvé]]
| successor           = [[Roméo LeBlanc]]
| primeminister       = {{plainlist|
* [[Brian Mulroney]]
* [[Kim Campbell]]
* [[Jean Chrétien]]
}}
| office1 = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]]
| term_start1 = June 30, 1986
| term_end1 = December 7, 1988
| predecessor1 = [[John Crosbie]]
| successor1 = [[Joe Clark]] ''(acting)''<br>[[Doug Lewis (politician)|Doug Lewis]]
| primeminister1 = [[Brian Mulroney]]
| office2 = [[President of the King's Privy Council for Canada|President of the Privy Council]]
| term_start2 = February 27, 1985
| term_end2 = June 30, 1986
| predecessor2 = [[Erik Nielsen]]
| successor2 = [[Don Mazankowski]]
| primeminister2 = Brian Mulroney
| office3 = [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources]]
| term_start3 = June 4, 1979
| term_end3 = March 3, 1980
| predecessor3 = [[Alastair Gillespie]]
| successor3 = [[Marc Lalonde]]
| primeminister3 = [[Joe Clark]]
| parliament4 = Canadian
| riding4 = [[Saskatoon West]]<br>[[Saskatoon—Biggar]] (1974-1979)
| term_start4 = July 8, 1974
| term_end4 = November 21, 1988
| predecessor4 = [[Alfred Gleave]]
| successor4 = ''Riding abolished''
| office5 = Chancellor of [[Carleton University]]
| term_start5 = November 2002
| term_end5 = December 18, 2002
| predecessor5 = [[Arthur Kroeger]]
| successor5 = [[Marc Garneau]]
| birth_name          = Ramon John Hnatyshyn
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1934|3|16}}
| birth_place         = [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], Canada
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2002|12|18|1934|3|16}}
| death_place         = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| resting_place       = [[Beechwood Cemetery]]
| father              = [[John Hnatyshyn]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Gerda Hnatyshyn|Gerda Nygaard Andreasen]]|January 9, 1960}}
| children            = John, Carl<ref name="CBCarchive-swornin"/>
| party               = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]]
| alma_mater          = [[University of Saskatchewan]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[LLB]])
| occupation          = {{hlist|Lawyer|politician}}
| signature           = Ray Hnatyshyn Signature.svg|

|allegiance         = Canada
 |branch_label       = Branch
 |branch             =[[Royal Canadian Air Force|Royal Canadian Air Force Reserve]]
 |serviceyears_label = Service&nbsp;years
 |serviceyears       = 1951-1956
 |rank               = 
 |unit               = 23 Wing Auxiliary 
}}

'''Ramon John "Ray" Hnatyshyn''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|t|ɪ|ʃ|ən}} {{respell|nə|TISH|ən}}; March 16, 1934{{spaced ndash}}December 18, 2002) was a Canadian lawyer and statesman who served as the 24th [[governor general of Canada]] from 1990 to 1995.

Hnatyshyn was born and educated in [[Saskatchewan]] and served in the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] prior to being elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] in 1974. On June 4, 1979, Hnatyshyn was sworn into the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Privy Council Office|title=Information Resources > Current Chronological List of Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada > 1971-1980|date=October 30, 2008|url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=council-conseil&doc=members-membres/chronolog-eng.htm#1971-1980|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|access-date=March 2, 2009|author-link=Privy Council Office (Canada)|archive-date=February 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215221747/http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=council-conseil&doc=members-membres%2Fchronolog-eng.htm#1971-1980|url-status=dead}}</ref> and served as a [[minister of the Crown]] in two non-successive governments until 1988.

He was appointed governor general by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in 1989, on the recommendation of [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Brian Mulroney]]. He replaced [[Jeanne Sauvé|Jeanne Mathilde Sauvé]] as [[viceroy]], and occupied the post until succeeded by [[Roméo LeBlanc]] in 1995. As the Queen's representative, Hnatyshyn followed an egalitarian approach by reversing some exclusive policies of his predecessors, such as by opening up [[Rideau Hall]] to ordinary Canadians and tourists alike, and was praised for raising the stature of [[Ukrainian Canadians]].

He subsequently practiced law and sat as Chancellor of [[Carleton University]] before dying of [[pancreatitis]] on December 18, 2002.

==Early life and career==
Hnatyshyn, a [[Ukrainian Canadian]], was born in [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], to Helen Constance (Pitts) and [[John Hnatyshyn]]. John practised as a lawyer, but also became involved in politics, running unsuccessfully in three federal elections in the riding of [[Yorkton (federal electoral district)|Yorkton]] before becoming Canada's first Ukrainian-born [[Senate of Canada|senator]] in 1959.<ref name=CE/><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=16727| title=Profile - Hnatyshyn, John| publisher=[[Library of Parliament]]| accessdate=2021-07-13}}</ref><ref name="URegina">{{Cite web| url=https://esask.uregina.ca/tmc_cms/modules/customcode/includes/print_entry.cfm-entryid=734AD815-1560-95DA-43160C8859F7A9AE.jsp| title=Hnatyshyn, Ramon John (1934- 2002)| publisher=[[University of Regina]]| first=Teresa| last=Welsh| accessdate=2021-07-13| archive-date=2021-07-13| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713143426/https://esask.uregina.ca/tmc_cms/modules/customcode/includes/print_entry.cfm-entryid=734AD815-1560-95DA-43160C8859F7A9AE.jsp| url-status=dead}}</ref>{{refn|John Hnatyshyn was born in [[Bukovina]], then a part of [[Austria-Hungary]]. Canada's first senator of Ukrainian descent, [[William Michael Wall]], was born in Manitoba.|group=n}} John's political links and friendship with [[John Diefenbaker]], the future prime minister, would provide his son with frequent exposure to high-calibre political debate.<ref name=CBCOB>{{Cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/obit/hnatyshyn/| last=Bowman| first=John| title=Indepth Backgrounder: Ramon John Hnatyshyn| publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]| access-date=March 5, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030211022621/http://www.cbc.ca/news/obit/hnatyshyn/ |archive-date=2003-02-11 }}</ref>

Ray Hnatyshyn attended Victoria Public School and [[Nutana, Saskatoon#Education|Nutana Collegiate Institute]] in Saskatoon, then went on to study at the [[University of Saskatchewan]], earning a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in 1954, and a [[Bachelor of Laws]] two years later.<ref name=CE>{{Cite web| url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ramon-john-hnatyshyn| first1=Norman |last1=Hillmer |first2=Danny |last2=Kucharsky| title=Ray Natyshyn| publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia| accessdate=2021-07-11| date=2018-02-28}}</ref> He was called to the bar of Saskatchewan in 1957 and briefly worked at a Saskatoon law firm, then moved to [[Ottawa]] in 1958 to take a position as an assistant to [[Walter Aseltine]], the [[Government Leader in the Canadian Senate]].<ref name=CE/><ref name="UM">{{Citation| url=https://umanitoba.ca/governance/honours/honorary-degrees| publisher=University of Manitoba| title=Honorary Degree recipients| access-date=2021-07-19| archive-date=2020-11-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116070219/http://umanitoba.ca/governance/honours/honorary-degrees| url-status=dead}}</ref>

Hnatyshyn returned to Saskatoon in 1960 and resumed his career as a lawyer. That year, on January 9, he married [[Gerda Hnatyshyn|Karen Gerda Nygaard Andreasen]], eventually having and raising two sons with her.<ref name=CE/><ref name=GGHnat>{{Citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=55| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| author-link=Governor General of Canada| title=Role and Responsibilities > Former Governors General > The Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=February 4, 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the [[1964 Saskatchewan general election]], he ran unsuccessfully as a [[Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan]] candidate in the electoral district of [[Saskatoon City (provincial electoral district)|Saskatoon City]].<ref name=CE/> In 1966 he began teaching at the University of Saskatchewan's [[University of Saskatchewan College of Law|College of Law]] as a sessional lecturer, and in 1973 he was appointed [[Queen's Counsel]] in Saskatchewan.<ref name=CE/><ref name=CBCOB /><ref name=USask>{{Cite web| url=https://library.usask.ca/archives/campus-history/honorary-degrees.php?id=411&view=detail&keyword=&campuses=| title=Honorary Degrees: His Excellency, the Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn, BA, LLB, P.C., C.C., C.M.M, C.D., Q.C.| publisher=[[University of Saskatchewan]]| accessdate=2021-07-11}}</ref>

In his youth, Hnatyshyn enrolled in the [[Royal Canadian Air Cadets]], where he was a member of 107 Spitfire Squadron in Saskatoon. He was enlisted as a reservist with the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (RCAF) from 1951 to 1956, then served in the RCAF's 23 Wing (Auxiliary) from 1956 to 1958.<ref name=USask/><ref name=Parlinfo>{{Cite web| url=https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=12176| title=Profile - Hnatyshyn, Ramon John| publisher=[[Library of Parliament]]| accessdate=2021-07-11}}</ref>

==Member of Parliament==
In the [[1974 Canadian federal election|1974 federal election]], Hnatyshyn ran as a [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]] (PC) candidate and narrowly won the riding of [[Saskatoon—Biggar]] against [[New Democratic Party]] incumbent [[Alfred Gleave]]. He thereby became a [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|member of Parliament]] (MP).<ref name=CE/><ref name=Parlinfo/> He was appointed the PCs' deputy house leader in 1976.<ref name=Parlinfo/>

When Saskatoon—Biggar was abolished ahead of the [[1979 Canadian federal election|1979 election]], Hnatyshyn followed most of his constituents into the newly established riding of [[Saskatoon West]], where he won re-election. The PCs won a minority government in that election, and Hnatyshyn was appointed on June 4 to the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] chaired by [[Joe Clark]] as [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)|Minister of Energy, Mines, and Resources]], as well as [[Minister of State (Canada)|Minister of State]] for Science and Technology.<ref name=CE/><ref name=Parlinfo/>

The [[31st Canadian Parliament|PC minority government]] fell in December 1979, and the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberals]] regained power in the [[1980 Canadian federal election|subsequent federal election]] held on February 18, 1980. Hnatyshyn was re-elected MP in Saskatoon West, and was named [[shadow cabinet|opposition critic]] for justice.<ref name=Parlinfo/> [[Brian Mulroney]] replaced Joe Clark as PC leader following the [[1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election|1983 leadership election]], and named Hnatyshyn [[Opposition House Leader]] in April 1984.<ref name=Parlinfo/>

The PCs won a landslide [[majority government]] in the [[1984 Canadian federal election|1984 federal election]], and Hnatyshyn was named [[Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada)|Government House Leader]] in November 1984,<ref name=CE/> before adding [[President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada|President of the Privy Council]] to his portfolio in February 1985.<ref name=Parlinfo/> By mid-1986, as the PCs began to trail the Liberals in opinion polling, Mulroney announced a cabinet shuffle, naming Hnatyshyn [[Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada]] on June 30.<ref name=CE/><ref name=Parlinfo/><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/30149857/the-ukrainian-weekly-1986| title=Ukrainian becomes justice minister in major Canadian Cabinet shuffle| publisher=The Ukrainian Weekly| first=Michael B.| last=Bociurkiw| access-date=2021-07-14| date=1986-07-06}}</ref> He was called to the [[Law Society of Upper Canada|bar of Ontario]] the same year,<ref name="CBCarchive-swornin">{{Cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1990-ray-hnatyshyn-sworn-in-as-governor-general| title=1990: Ray Hnatyshyn sworn in as Governor General| publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]| access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref> and was appointed Queen's Counsel in Canada in 1988.<ref name="URegina"/><ref name=USask/>

Saskatoon West was abolished before the [[1988 Canadian federal election|election of 1988]], and Hnatyshyn attempted to follow most of his constituents into [[Saskatoon—Clark's Crossing]], but lost to NDP challenger [[Chris Axworthy]].<ref name=Parlinfo/> Following his defeat, Hnatyshyn returned to practising law, joining the Ottawa firm of Gowling, Strathy & Henderson in April 1989.<ref name=CE/>

==Governor General of Canada==
[[File:10 Rideau Hall P1350151.jpg|thumb|[[Rideau Hall]], Hnatyshyn's Ottawa residence during his term as governor general]]

On December 14, 1989, [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen]] [[Elizabeth&nbsp;II]], by commission under the [[royal sign-manual]] and [[Great Seal of Canada]], appointed [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Brian Mulroney]]'s choice of Hnatyshyn to succeed [[Jeanne Sauvé]] as the [[Governor General of Canada|Queen's representative]]. He was the second consecutive Saskatchewan-born Governor-General. Hnatyshyn was sworn in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 29, 1990.<ref name="CBCarchive-swornin"/>

Hnatyshyn thereafter made an effort to open up [[Rideau Hall]]—the monarch's and governor general's residence in Ottawa<ref>{{Citation| last=Galbraith| first=William| title=Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit| journal=Canadian Parliamentary Review| volume=12| issue=3| publisher=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association| location=Ottawa| year=1989| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=130&art=820| archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205052132/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=130&art=820| url-status=dead| archive-date=December 5, 2012| access-date=February 20, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Aimers| first=John| author-link=John Aimers | title=The Palace on the Rideau| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1996| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1996| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm| access-date=February 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131134713/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm |archive-date=2009-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Lanctot| first=Gustave| author-link=Gustave Lanctot| title=Royal Tour of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada and the United States of America 1939| publisher=E.P. Taylor Foundation| year=1964| location=Toronto| id=ASIN B0006EB752}}</ref><ref name=hnatysh>{{Citation| last=Toffoli| first=Gary| title=The Hnatyshyn Years| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1995| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1995| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm| access-date=February 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618093846/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm |archive-date=2009-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=MacLeod| first=Kevin S.| title=A Crown of Maples| place=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2008| edition=1| page=34| url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf| isbn=978-0-662-46012-1}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb| MacLeod| 2008| p=XIV}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Bousfield| first=Arthur |author2=Toffoli, Gary | title=Fifty Years the Queen| publisher=Dundurn Press| year=2002| location=Toronto| pages=10, 27| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8l5reK7NjoC| isbn=1-55002-360-8}}</ref>—to the public, establishing a visitors' centre and initiating guided tours of the palace and [[Rideau Hall#Grounds|the royal park in which it sits]]. These moves marked a complete reversal of the policies of his predecessor Sauvé, who had closed Rideau Hall to the general public. In 1991, Hnatyshyn staged on the grounds the first of the annual Governor General's Summer Concert Series and, the year after, mounted His Excellency's Most Excellent Rock Concert and re-opened the skating rink to the public.<ref name=CE/>

These events blended with some of Hnatyshyn's self-imposed mandates during his viceregal tenure, which included a desire to engage Canadian youth and focus attention on education and to encourage the arts. To these ends, he established in 1992 the [[Governor General's Performing Arts Award]], the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Arts, and the Governor General's Flight For Freedom Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literacy.<ref name=CE/> Further, he founded the International Council for Canadian Studies, the Governor General Ramon John Hnatyshyn Education Fund, the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Law, and the [[Governor General's International Award for Canadian Studies]].<ref name=GGHnat/>

Among numerous other official and ceremonial duties, the Governor General presided over celebrations to mark the 125th anniversary of Confederation<ref name=CBCOB/> and welcomed to Rideau Hall [[Charles, Prince of Wales|the Prince]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]], along with a host of foreign dignitaries such as [[President of Russia]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] and [[Queen Noor of Jordan]]. Further, Hnatyshyn undertook a number of [[List of state and official visits by Canada|state visits]], including one to [[Ukraine]],<ref name=GGHnat/> before his time serving [[at Her Majesty's pleasure]] ended on February 6, 1995.

Throughout his tenure as the Canadian viceroy, Hnatyshyn was both defended and criticised by the [[Monarchist League of Canada]]. In their final summary of Hnatyshyn's years in office, though, the former governor general was generally viewed to have not stood up for the Canadian Crown that he represented, choosing to follow, instead of [[Vincent Massey]]'s example, that of Sauvé, who was herself seen as a republican. This lack of loyalty, it was argued, left Hnatyshyn with few defenders when he was targeted by members of the [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]] for his salary and taxes.<ref name=hnatysh/> It was thought by John Pepall that Hnatyshyn's name had been selected by Mulroney to put forward to the Queen for appointment as governor general because Hnatyshyn, who had just recently been a member of the Cabinet headed by Mulroney until losing his parliamentary seat in the 1988 election, was someone Mulroney could "hardly feel any deference for", allowing Mulroney to continue to show the "juvenile extreme of the politician's craving for publicity and centre stage" he had while Jeanne Sauvé was governor general.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Pepall| first=John| title=Who is the Governor General?| journal=The Idler| location=Toronto| date=1 March 1990| url=http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| access-date=15 July 2015| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706192918/http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>

==Post viceregal career and death==
[[File:Hnatyshyn.jpg|thumb|right|A statue of Hnatyshyn, created in 1992 by Bill Epp, stands on the banks of the [[South Saskatchewan River]] in [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]]]]
After his departure from Government House, Hnatyshyn returned to Gowling, Strathy & Henderson, where he became senior partner.<ref name="CBCarchive-swornin"/><ref name=CE/><ref name="URegina"/> In November 2002 he was installed as Chancellor of [[Carleton University]] in Ottawa; however, he died of complications from [[pancreatitis]] shortly before [[Christmas]] that year.<ref name=CE/> Per tradition, and with the consent of his family, Hnatyshyn [[Lying in state|lay in state]] for two days in the Senate chamber.<ref name="CBC021223">{{Cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ray-hnatyshyn-lies-in-state-1.315369| title=Ray Hnatyshyn lies in state| publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]| access-date=2021-07-12 |date=2002-12-23}}</ref> Though he was [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada|Ukrainian Orthodox]], he was commemorated in his [[State funerals in Canada|state funeral]] in a multi-faith ceremony on December 23, 2002, at Ottawa's [[Christ Church Cathedral, Ottawa|Christ Church Cathedral]].<ref name=CE/><ref name="CBC021223"/> The service included the funeral rite of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church—officiated by [[Archbishop Yurij (Kalistchuk)|Archbishop Yurij]], Bishop of Toronto, and the clergy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church—and a eulogy from the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]'s chief correspondent, [[Peter Mansbridge]].<ref>{{cite episode| title=Special coverage of the state funeral for former governor general Ray Hnatyshyn (Peter Mansbridge segment)| url = http://www.cbc.ca/clips/ram-newsworld/mansbridge_eulogy021223.ram| series=CBC News|date=December 23, 2002| season=2002–2003| access-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref> [[Adrienne Clarkson]], by that time the sitting governor general, paid tribute to him via video, as she and her husband were en route to spend Christmas with Canadian troops stationed in the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{cite episode| title=Special coverage of the state funeral for former governor general Ray Hnatyshyn (Adrienne Clarkson segment)| url = http://www.cbc.ca/clips/ram-newsworld/mansbridge_eulogy021223.ram| series=CBC News|date=December 23, 2002| season=2002-2003| access-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref> Hnatyshyn was then buried at [[Beechwood Cemetery]] in Ottawa.<ref>{{Citation| url=https://beechwoodottawa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-03/Beechwood-Way-Sectionals-Jan-2019-Section-110_EN.pdf| title=Governor General Ramon John Hnatyshyn| work=The Beechwood Way: Sectionals: Section 110 Charity Pathway |publisher=[[Beechwood Cemetery]]| access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref>

Various memorials followed Hnatyshyn's death: On March 16, 2004, [[Canada Post]] unveiled at a ceremony, attended by Hnatyshyn's [[widow]], a $0.49 [[postage stamp]] designed by [[Vancouver]] graphic artist Susan Mavor, and bearing the formal portrait of Hnatyshyn taken by [[Canadian Press]] photographer Paul Chaisson on the day Hnatyshyn became governor general, along with a tone-on-tone rendering of part of Hnatyshyn's [[coat of arms]]. Two years later, a 48-minute documentary DVD examining the life of Hnatyshyn, ''A Man for all Canadians'' was released in Canada by IKOR Film.<ref>{{Citation| url=http://www.amanforallcanadians.com/| title=A Man for all Canadians| publisher=Rogers Media| access-date=February 5, 2010}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Honours and arms==
{{Infobox viceroy styles
| image    = [[File:Badge of the Governor-General of Canada.svg|50px]]
| name     = Ramon J. Hnatyshyn
| native_name = (1990–1995)
| dipstyle = His Excellency the Right Honourable<br />''Son Excellence le très honorable''
| offstyle = Your Excellency<br />''Votre Excellence''
| altstyle = Sir<br />''Monsieur''
}}

===Honours===
<div class="center">Ribbon bars of Ray Hnatyshyn
<br />
[[File:CAN Order of Canada Companion ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:CAN Order of Military Merit Commander ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|100px]]
<br />
[[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:CAN 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:CAN Canadian Forces Decoration ribbon.svg|100px]]

</div>

;Appointments
* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} 1973 – December 18, 2002: [[Queen's Counsel]] for Saskatchewan (QC)<ref name=UCC>{{Citation| url=http://www.ucc.sk.ca/programs/nbuilders/2004/index.html#NB06| title=Programs > Nation Builders > 2004 > Awards Recipients for 2004 > The Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn, P.C., C.C., C.M.M., C.D., Q.C.| publisher=Ukrainian Canadian Congress| access-date=March 4, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331193134/http://www.ucc.sk.ca/programs/nbuilders/2004/index.html#NB06| archive-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Canada}} September 30, 1974 – October 1, 1988: [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] (MP)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} June 4, 1979 – December 18, 2002: [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] (PC)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1988 – December 18, 2002: [[Queen's Counsel]] for Canada (QC)<ref name=UCC />
* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} 1989 – December 18, 2002: [[Law society#Canadian Law Societies|Honorary Life Member of the Law Society of Saskatchewan]]<ref name=HF>{{Citation| url=http://www.rjhf.com/html/founder-e.html| title=Who We Are > Our Founder| publisher=The Hnatyshyn Foundation| access-date=February 3, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130201091500/http://www.rjhf.com/html/founder-e.html| archive-date=February 1, 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Canada}} January 10, 1990 – January 29, 1990: [[Order of Canada|Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC)<ref>{{citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2623| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| author-link=Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Canada > Search: Order of Canada Membership List > Ramon John Hnatyshyn, P.C., C.C., C.M.M., C.D., B.A., LL.B., Q.C.| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=September 5, 2010}}</ref>
** January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: [[Order of Canada|Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC)
** February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002: Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit]] (CMM)<ref>{{Citation| url=http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Military Merit| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=March 4, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930032754/http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp| archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref>
** February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002: Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem]]<ref>{{Citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/gg/rr/ins/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Insignia Worn by the Governor General| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref>
** February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002: Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
* {{flagicon|Canada}} January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: [[Scouts Canada#Organizational structure|Chief Scout of Canada]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1990 – December 18, 2002: [[Royal Military College of Canada|Honorary Member of the Royal Military College of Canada Club]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1993 – December 18, 2002: [[Royal Heraldry Society of Canada|Honorary Fellow of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada]] (FRHSC)
* {{flagicon|Ontario}}: [[Law Society of Upper Canada|Honorary Life Member of the Law Society of Upper Canada]]<ref name=HF />

;Medals
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1977: [[Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} January 29, 1990: [[Canadian Forces' Decoration]] (CD)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 1992: [[Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} 2002: [[Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal]]

;Foreign honours
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} 1989: [[Ukrainian World Congress]] St. Volodymyr Medal<ref name=GGHnat />
* {{flagicon|Israel}} 1996: [[Hebrew University]] Mount Scopus Award<ref name=GGHnat />

====Honorary military appointments====
* {{flagicon|CAN|army}} January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Colonel of [[the Governor General's Horse Guards]]
* {{flagicon|CAN|army}} January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Colonel of the [[Governor General's Foot Guards]]
* {{flagicon|CAN|army}} January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Colonel of [[the Canadian Grenadier Guards]]

====Honorary degrees====
* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} May 23, 1990: [[University of Saskatchewan]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=https://www.usask.ca/archives/history/hondegrees.php| title=University of Saskatchewan Archives > University History > Honorary degree recipients| publisher=University of Saskatchewan| access-date=March 4, 2009| archive-date=December 15, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215100524/http://www.usask.ca/archives/history/hondegrees.php| url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Canada}} May 17, 1991: [[Royal Military College of Canada]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rmc-cmr.ca/en/royal-military-college-canada-honorary-degree-recipients|title = Royal Military College of Canada Honorary Degree Recipients|date = 19 July 2016}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Ontario}} 1991: [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf| title=HONORARY DEGREES| date=December 15, 2008| publisher=Queen's University| access-date=March 7, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304132120/http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf| archive-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Ontario}} 1991: [[University of Ottawa]], [[Doctor of the University]] (DUniv)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/president/people/hnatyshyn-ramon-john|title=HNATYSHYN, Ramon John|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2021-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721031620/https://www.uottawa.ca/president/people/hnatyshyn-ramon-john|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|British Columbia}} 1991: [[Thompson Rivers University|British Columbia Open University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=https://www.tru.ca/convocation/history/honorary-degree.html| publisher=Thompson Rivers University| title=Honorary Degree Recipients| access-date=2021-07-19}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Ontario}} 1992: [[Carleton University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://carleton.ca/senate/honorary-degree-guidelines-and-nominations/honorary-degrees-awarded-since-1954/|title = Honorary Degrees Awarded Since 1954 - Senate}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Quebec}} June 15, 1992: [[McGill University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mcgill.ca/senate/files/senate/list_of_mcgill_honorary_degree_recipients_from_1935_to_fall_2018.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-01 |archive-date=2019-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120121/https://mcgill.ca/senate/files/senate/list_of_mcgill_honorary_degree_recipients_from_1935_to_fall_2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Manitoba}} October 23, 1992: [[University of Manitoba]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name="UM"/><ref name=HF />
* {{flagicon|Quebec}} 1993: [[Bishop's University]], [[Doctor of Civil Law]] (DCL)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=https://alumni.ubishops.ca/wp-content/uploads/news_ap03.pdf| publisher=Bishop's University| title=Deaths| work=Bishop's University News| page=22| date=Spring 2003| access-date=2021-07-19| archive-date=2021-11-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107113920/https://alumni.ubishops.ca/wp-content/uploads/news_ap03.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Newfoundland and Labrador}} October 29, 1994: [[Memorial University of Newfoundland]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{cite press release| title=Over 500 Degrees to be Conferred| publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland| date=October 20, 1994| url=https://www.mun.ca/marcomm/gazette/1994-95/Oct.20/news/n04-conv| access-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Alberta}} 1994: [[University of Alberta]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/honorarydegreeslist.cfm#H| title=University of Alberta Senate > Honorary Degrees > Past Honorary Degree Recipients > H| publisher=University of Alberta| access-date=April 28, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527195725/http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/honorarydegreeslist.cfm#H| archive-date=May 27, 2011}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|British Columbia}} 1994: [[University of Northern British Columbia]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{cite press release| title=2005 Honorary Degree Recipients Named| publisher=University of Northern British Columbia| date=April 21, 2005| url=http://www.unbc.ca/releases/2005/04_21honorary.html| access-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unbc.ca/convocation/honorary-degree-recipients|title=Honorary Degree Recipients|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2021-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719140755/https://www2.unbc.ca/convocation/honorary-degree-recipients|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Ontario}} 1996: [[Law Society of Upper Canada]] at [[Osgoode Hall]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lso.ca/about-lso/medals-awards-and-honours/honorary-lld|title=Honorary LLD|access-date=2023-08-09}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|British Columbia}}: [[University of Victoria]], [[Doctor of Canon Law]] (JCD)<ref name=HF />
* {{flagicon|Canada}}: [[Royal Roads Military College]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF />
* {{flagicon|South Korea}}: [[Yonsei University]], [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (DPhil)<ref name=UCC /><ref name=HF />
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}}: [[Chernivtsi University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=UCC /><ref name=HF />

====Monuments====
* {{flag|Saskatchewan}}: Statue, [[Saskatoon]]
* {{flag|Ontario}}: Park and Monument,[[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]]

====Honorific eponyms====
;Awards
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Ramon John Hnatyshyn Cup]]
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Law]]<ref name=HF />
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Arts]]

;Organisations
* {{flag|Canada}}: [[The Hnatyshyn Foundation]]<ref name=HF />
* {{flag|Ukraine}}: Ramon Hnatyshyn Canadian Studies Centre at [[Chernivtsi University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CH%5CN%5CHnatyshynRamon.htm |title=Hnatyshyn, Ramon |publisher=Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine |accessdate=2021-07-19 }}</ref>

===Arms===
{{Infobox COA wide
|image             = Coat of arms of Ray Hnatyshyn.svg
|bannerimage       = 
|badgeimage        = 
|notes             = Just prior to his installation as Governor General, Hnatyshyn was granted a personal [[coat of arms]] that depicted his Ukrainian and Canadian roots.
|year_adopted      = January 16, 1990
|crest             = A demi lion Gules charged on each shoulder with a maple leaf Argent holding in its dexter forepaw scales of justice Or;
|torse             = 
|helm              = 
|escutcheon        = Per fess Bleu Céleste and Or in chief a lion passant guardant Or royally crowned proper holding in its dexter paw a maple leaf Gules fimbriated Or in base a lion passant guardant Bleu Céleste holding in its dexter paw a heart Gules;
|supporters        = Dexter a white tailed deer per fess Bleu Céleste and Or armed and gorged with a collar all Or pendant therefrom a bezant charged with a representation of the badge of the House of Commons of Canada proper, sinister a bull per fess Bleu Céleste and Or gorged with a collar Vert fimbriated Argent pendant therefrom a prairie lily flower proper charged with the Tryzub of the Ukraine Blue Céleste
|compartment       = the whole set upon a compartment party per pale of trees of the boreal forest Vert and a wheat field Or rising above barry wavy Azure and Argent;
|motto             = MODERATIO IN OMNIBUS<br />''(Moderation in all things)''
|orders            = The ribbon and insignia of a Companion of the [[Order of Canada]].<br />DESIDERANTES MELIOREM PATRIAM<br />''(They desire a better country)''
|other_elements    = 
|banner            = 
|badge             = 
|symbolism         = The colours and split division of the shield and supporters harkens to the [[flag of Ukraine]], where Hnatyshyn's family originated. In the shield, the viceregal lion recalls Hnatyshyn's appointment as the Queen's representative, and the lion below is drawn from the [[coat of arms of Denmark]], where Hnatyshyn's wife's father was from. The red lion comes from the [[coat of arms of Saskatchewan]], where Hnatyshyn was born, the two maple leaves on the lion's shoulders (one visible) represents Hnatyshyn's two sons, and the scales it holds recall Hnatyshyn's profession as a lawyer. The deer is the same, in form, as that on the coat of arms of Saskatchewan, and the badge on its medallion is that of the House of Commons, where Hnatyshyn sat as a Member of Parliament. The bull is a symbol of [[Bukovina]], where Hnatyshyn's parents were born, and from its collar hangs an emblem that links Saskatchewan's official flower—the [[Lilium philadelphicum|prairie lily]]—with the [[Coat of arms of Ukraine|trident of the Ukrainian coat of arms]]—a symbol of the Ukrainian people for more than 1,000 years. The compartment displays the landscape of Saskatchewan.<ref>{{Citation| url=https://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1867&ShowAll=1| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges > Ramon John HNATYSHYN| date=12 November 2020| access-date=September 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/emb/05/emblems-rjn_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Heraldry > Emblems of Canada and of Government House > Symbols of Past Governors General > Symbolism of the Armorial Bearings of the Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref>
|previous_versions = 
}}

== Archives ==
There is a Ramon J. Hnatyshyn [[fonds]] at [[Library and Archives Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramon J. Hnatyshyn fonds, Library and Archives|date = 20 July 2017|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=206889&lang=eng|access-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref>

== Electoral record ==
{{1984 Canadian federal election/Saskatoon West}}
{{1980 Canadian federal election/Saskatoon West}}
{{1979 Canadian federal election/Saskatoon West}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ray Hnatyshyn}}
* [http://archive.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/hnatyshyn_e.asp Website of the Governor General of Canada entry for Ramon Hnatyshyn]
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=12176}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVlt9qx9l48 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation: installation of Ramon Hnatyshyn as governor general]
* [http://www.cbc.ca/news/obit/hnatyshyn/ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation: obituary of Ramon Hnatyshyn]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jeanne Sauvé]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor General of Canada]]|years=January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Roméo LeBlanc]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=21}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post1         = [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)|Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources]]
| post1years    = June 4, 1979{{spaced ndash}}March 3, 1980
| post1note     =
| post1preceded = [[Alastair Gillespie]]
| post1followed = [[Marc Lalonde]]
}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=24}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post2         = [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]]
| post2years    = June 30, 1986{{spaced ndash}}December 7, 1988
| post2note     =
| post2preceded = [[John Crosbie]]
| post2followed = [[Joe Clark]] (acting)
| post1         = [[President of the Privy Council]]
| post1years    = February 27, 1985{{spaced ndash}}June 30, 1986
| post1note     =
| post1preceded = [[Erik Nielsen]]
| post1followed = [[Don Mazankowski]]
}}

{{s-par|ca}}
{{succession box
| title  = [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Saskatoon—Biggar]]
| years  = July 8, 1974{{spaced ndash}}May 22, 1979
| before = [[Alfred Gleave]]
| after  = Electoral district abolished
}}
{{succession box
| title  = [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Saskatoon West]]
| years  = May 22, 1979{{spaced ndash}}November 21, 1988
| before = New electoral district
| after  = Electoral district abolished
}}
{{s-aca}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Arthur Kroeger]]
| title  = [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of [[Carleton University]]
| years  = 2002
| after  = [[Marc Garneau]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{CanGG}}
{{Mulroney Ministry}}
{{Clark Ministry}}
{{CA-Presidents of the Privy Council}}
{{CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hnatyshyn, Ray}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Saskatoon]]
[[Category:Canadian King's Counsel]]
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatitis]]
[[Category:Chancellors of Carleton University]]
[[Category:Governors general of Canada]]
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[[Category:Members of the 21st Canadian Ministry]]
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[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Saskatchewan]]
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[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Military Merit (Canada)]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs]]
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[[Category:University of Saskatchewan College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Burials at Beechwood Cemetery (Ottawa)]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:Lawyers awarded knighthoods]]
[[Category:People associated with Gowling WLG]]