View source for RNZAF Base Ohakea

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox airport
| name                = RNZAF Base Ohakea
| ensign              = [[File:Air Force Ensign of New Zealand.svg|90px]]
| nativename          = Defensio Per Vires
| nativename-a        = Defence Through Strength
| nativename-r        = 
| image               = [[File:RNZAF Base Ohakea Official Badge July 1979.jpg|250px]]
| image-width         = 250px
| caption             = 
| mapframe            = yes
| mapframe-wikidata   = yes
| IATA                = OHA
| ICAO                = NZOH
| type                = [[Military]]
| owner               = [[New Zealand Defence Force]]
| operator            = [[File:Air Force Ensign of New Zealand.svg|23px]] [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]]
| city-served         = 
| location            = [[Bulls, New Zealand]]
| elevation-f         = 164
| elevation-m         = 50
| coordinates         = {{Coord|40|12|22|S|175|23|16|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| website             = {{URL|www.airforce.mil.nz}}
| metric-elev         = 
| metric-rwy          = 
| r1-number           = 09/27
| r1-length-f         = 8,021
| r1-length-m         = 2,445
| r1-surface          = Asphalt
| r2-number           = 09L/27R
| r2-length-f         = 1,887
| r2-length-m         = 575
| r2-surface          = Grass
| r3-number           = 09R/27L
| r3-length-f         = 2369
| r3-length-m         = 722
| r3-surface          = Grass
| stat-year           = 
| stat1-header        = 
| stat1-data          = 
| stat2-header        = 
| stat2-data          = 
| occupants           = <div>
*[[No. 3 Squadron RNZAF]]
*[[No. 5 Squadron RNZAF]]
*[[No. 14 Squadron RNZAF]]
*[[No. 42 Squadron RNZAF]]
</div>
| footnotes           = 
| r4-length-f         = 6,998
| r4-length-m         = 2,133
| r4-number           = 15/33
| r4-surface          = Asphalt
| r5-length-f         = 2638
| r5-length-m         = 804
| r5-number           = 11/29
| r5-surface          = Grass
| r6-length-f         = 1837
| r6-length-m         = 560
| r6-number           = 05/23
| r6-surface          = Grass
}}
'''RNZAF Base Ohakea''' is an operational base of the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]]. Opened in 1939, it is located near [[Bulls, New Zealand|Bulls]], 25&nbsp;km north-west of [[Palmerston North]] in the [[Manawatū District|Manawatū]]. It is also used as an alternate airport for civilian aircraft. The base's motto is ''Defensio per vires'' ([[Latin]] for defence through strength).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rnzaf.proboards.com/thread/9440?page=17|title=Ministers Launch Defence Review 09 Document - Wings Over New Zealand|website=rnzaf.proboards.com}}</ref>

== Early days ==
An air base was originally proposed in the area in 1927, when Ohakea was selected as the most suitable site for a [[mooring mast]] for airships of the [[Imperial Airship Scheme|British Imperial Airship service]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aht.ndirect.co.uk/sheds/New_Zealand.htm|title=Airshipsonline: Sheds: New Zealand|website=aht.ndirect.co.uk}}</ref> It was proposed to build one mast for a demonstration flight, with the potential for expansion to a full airship base with three masts, airship sheds and [[hydrogen production]].  However, there was no point in going ahead with the development of the site without a commitment from the Australian Government to build masts to provide bases in that country. When the Australian Government declined to build masts, the New Zealand Government declined likewise.

== 1930s development ==
In 1935 the Labour government committed to an expansion of the military air service at the expense of the navy, seeing this as a way of reducing the total defence vote.  At the end of 1935, the government accepted an air service expansion plan developed by [[RAF]] [[Wing commander|Wing Commander]] [[Ralph Cochrane]].<ref>Wright, Matthew, ''Kiwi Air Power: the History of the RNZAF'', Raupo Publishing (NZ) Ltd, 1998, {{ISBN|0-7900-0625-1}}, pp 25-29</ref>

The plan called for several new bases, with a major development at Ohakea, which would be home to 30 [[Vickers Wellington|Wellington bombers]] on order for the RNZAF. Two large [[hangar]]s (now hangars 2 and 3) were authorised to house the aircraft, to be designed by the [[New Zealand Ministry of Works|Department of Public Works]] chief design engineer Charles Turner. Turner decided to build the hangars as monolithic [[reinforced concrete]] structures because structural steel could not be obtained in sufficient quantities without delays, while concrete and [[reinforcing steel]] could be delivered immediately.  The same limitation forced Turner to adopt concrete doors. The arched hangars spanned 61 metres, with a height of 18 metres.  The expense of the steel [[centring]] was spread across four hangars, as another two similar structures were ordered for [[RNZAF Base Auckland]]. The two Ohakea hangars were completed in 1939, at a cost of about £76,750 each.

Ultimately, the Wellington bombers for which the hangars were built never arrived, as they were donated to Britain at the start of the [[Second World War]], forming [[The New Zealand Squadron]].  However, the hangars have been in continuous use since their construction, and (re-roofed in steel) remain in use today.<ref>Wright, Matthew, ''New Zealand’s Engineering Heritage 1870 - 2000'', Reed Books (Auckland) Ltd, 1999, {{ISBN|0-7900-0690-1}}, pp 89-91</ref>

== Military service ==
During the Second World War, Ohakea was the RNZAF's main training base for operational conversion to fighters, observers/navigators for medium bombers and air gunners. After the war, [[No. 14 Squadron RNZAF]], [[No. 42 Squadron RNZAF]] and [[No. 75 Squadron RNZAF]] were re-formed at Ohakea, and No.1 Repair Depot relocated from RNZAF Base [[Te Rapa#The Base|Te Rapa]] in [[Hamilton, New Zealand]].

In August 1966 No. 1 Flying Training School RNZAF at Wigram was renamed Pilot Training Squadron (PTS).<ref name=PTS>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airforce.mil.nz/about-us/what-we-do/training-elements/pilot.htm |title=RNZAF - Pilot Training Squadron |access-date=30 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230124826/http://www.airforce.mil.nz/about-us/what-we-do/training-elements/pilot.htm |archive-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:A-4Ks ClarkAirBase 1984.JPEG|thumb|RNZAF A-4Ks at Clark Air Base, 1984]]

After the war, Ohakea was the RNZAF's strike base, with Nos 14 and 75 Squadrons resident. A long-time resident, No 42 Squadron relocated to Whenuapai in 1984 to allow the relocation of [[2 Squadron RNZAF]] to [[HMAS Albatross (air station)|HMAS Albatross]], [[Nowra]], [[Australia]] in 1991. In 1993, RNZAF flying training previously carried out at [[Wigram Aerodrome|Wigram]] by the [[Pilot Training Squadron RNZAF]] and the [[Central Flying School RNZAF]] moved to Ohakea.<ref name=PTS/> Also in 1993 a new aviation wing of the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum]] was opened at Ohakea. 14 Squadron and 75 Squadron disbanded in November 2001, and 42 Squadron relocated back to Ohakea in January 2002. There are currently around 1200 personnel based at Ohakea, which makes it the second largest Air Force base behind [[RNZAF Base Auckland]].

[[File:RNZAF Base Ohakea from the air.jpg|thumb|right|RNZAF Base Ohakea]]

A plan to consolidate all RNZAF operations at Ohakea was abandoned in March 2009 as part of a change of policy on the part of the incoming National Government who chose to retain two operational air bases, Ohakea and Whenuapai, for use by the RNZAF.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0903/S00450.htm|title=Cabinet confirms plans for Whenuapai - Scoop News|website=scoop.co.nz}}</ref>

In 2012 following the arrival of [[NH-90]] and [[AgustaWestland AW109|A-109]] helicopters a new multi-purpose hangar was built to accommodate the [[No. 3 Squadron RNZAF|3 Squadron]] helicopter fleet. Another significant infrastructure has included a brand new main gate duty centre which the RNZAF Police and [[RNZAF Force Protection|RNZAF Security Forces]] personnel occupy, an international air movements terminal named after [[Sir Richard Bolt]] which was completed in 2014. This allows Ohakea the ability to accommodate international civilian flights if [[Wellington Airport]] was closed.

[[File:20110428 OH K1001337 0005 - Flickr - NZ Defence Force.jpg|thumb|right|An AW109 lifts off from RNZAF Base Ohakea]]

[[No. 14 Squadron RNZAF]] reformed in 2015 to take up the initial pilot training role with the new T-6C Texan II, resulting in disbandment of the Pilot Training Squadron.

In August 2017 the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] based its [[F-16D]] fighters at Ohakea as a feasibility study for establishment there of a training base for its [[F-15]] fighters. The deployment gave the RSAF opportunity to fly in more open airspace and take advantage of the unique New Zealand flying conditions and mountainous terrain not available in Singapore. However the government cancelled the plan due to cost considerations.

In December 2020, construction commenced on the new hangar, taxiways, and aircraft aprons for the four new [[P-8 Poseidon]] aircraft that were due to arrive in 2022. This will see [[No. 5 Squadron RNZAF]] consolidate all personnel and new aircraft to Ohakea from [[RNZAF Base Whenuapai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-15 |title=Work begins on massive $250m Ohakea Air Base {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|aircaft}} hangar |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/432905/work-begins-on-massive-250m-ohakea-air-base-aircaft-hangar |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz}}</ref> The first of the new aircraft arrived in December 2022, with the remaining three aircraft scheduled for May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Faster Air Force: First of four new Boeing P8-A Poseidons arrive in New Zealand |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/480709/faster-air-force-first-of-four-new-boeing-p8-a-poseidons-arrive-in-new-zealand |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz}}</ref>

The [[Air Force Heritage Flight of New Zealand]] was established at Ohakea in March 2022. It forms part of the Central Flying School and is a partnership between the RNZAF and civilian organisations.<ref name="Key.Aero">{{cite news |last1=Conroy |first1=Gavin |title=New Zealand warbirds - flight of the All Blacks |url=https://www.key.aero/article/new-zealand-warbirds-flight-all-blacks |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=Key.Aero |date=22 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:14 Squadron RNZAF deHavilland Vampire Ohakea 1980s.JPG|thumb|right|14 Squadron [[de Havilland Vampire|Vampire]] on permanent gate duty at Ohakea.]]

'''Personnel Strength:''' around 1200

===Flying Squadrons===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Squadron !! Aircraft !! Role
|-
| [[No. 3 Squadron RNZAF|No. 3 Squadron]] || [[NH90]], [[A109LUH|AW109 LUH]] || Search and Rescue, Air assault, Battlefield support, Rotary Wing training.
|-
| [[No. 5 Squadron RNZAF|No.5 Squadron]] || [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon]] || Anti-submarine warfare, maritime patrol, Search and Rescue.
|- 
| [[14 Squadron Royal New Zealand Air Force|No. 14 Squadron]] || [[Beechcraft T-6 Texan II]] || Basic Pilot Training, Black Falcons Display team
|-
| [[No. 42 Squadron RNZAF|No. 42 Squadron]] || [[Beechcraft Super King Air]] || Twin Engine Pilot Training, VIP transport.
|-
| [[Central Flying School RNZAF|Central Flying School]] || [[Beechcraft T-6 Texan II]] || Pilot Instructor Training
|}

===Other Units===
* Flying Training Headquarters 
* RNZAF Operations Squadron
* RNZAF Police
* [[RNZAF Force Protection|RNZAF Security Forces]]
* RNZAF Logistics
* Base Medical Flight
* RNZAF Refuellers
* RNZAF Fire Rescue

==Demographics==
Ohakea is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement. It covers {{Convert|6.06|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787|access-date=11 April 2023|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|Ohakea|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Ohakea|y}}|R}}/6.06|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>. It is part of the large [[Ohakea-Sanson]] statistical area.<ref>{{NZ census place summary 2018|ohakea-sanson|Ohakea-Sanson}}</ref>

The population of Ohakea was 252 in the [[2018 New Zealand census]], an increase of 3 (1.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 27 (12.%) since the 2006 census. There were 162 males and 87 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.86 males per female. Ethnicities were 219 people (86.9%) European/Pākehā, 27 (10.7%) Māori, 6 (2.4%) Pacific peoples, 12 (4.8%) Asian and 6 (2.4%) other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). Of the total population, 39 people (15.5%) were under 15 years old, 138 (54.8%) were 15–29, 69 (27.4%) were 30–64, and 3 (1.2%) were over 65.<ref name="Demographics">{{Cite web|title=Age and sex by ethnic group (grouped total response), for census usually resident population counts, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (urban rural areas)|url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8318|access-date=16 April 2021|publisher=Statistics New Zealand}}</ref>

== Civilian functions ==
Ohakea functions as an alternate airport for heavy civilian aircraft, such as the [[Boeing 787]] and [[Boeing 777]], if they are unable to land at [[Auckland Airport|Auckland]] or [[Christchurch Airport|Christchurch]]. This is mainly due to Ohakea's runway 09/27 being the third-longest in New Zealand and the airport's strategic location between the two airports ({{Convert|359|km|abbr=on}} from Auckland and {{Convert|435|km|abbr=on}} from Christchurch). Ohakea has the facilities to process a significant number of passengers since the completion of a new terminal in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2014 |title=$12.6m high-tech terminal opened at Ohakea – a reserve international airport |url=https://wellington.scoop.co.nz/?p=68260 |access-date=31 August 2024 |website=[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]] |language=en-NZ}}</ref>

On 29 January 2017, an [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] [[Airbus A380]] was diverted to RNZAF Base Ohakea due to a [[Singapore Airlines]] Airbus A380 blocking the main runway at [[Auckland International Airport]] because of a landing gear malfunction. The Emirates A380 was refuelled by RNZAF fuel tankers and departed for Auckland. This was the first time an A380 has landed at Ohakea.

Ohakea has been the subject of a feasibility study into mixed-use military and civilian freight capability, which has included lengthening the main runway to accommodate the [[Boeing 747]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.horizonsmw.govt.nz/images/CargoHubFactSheet.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-01-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315225709/http://www.horizonsmw.govt.nz/images/CargoHubFactSheet.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2007 }}</ref>

==Blokart==
In 2022 the Manawatū [[Blokart]] Club based in nearby [[Sanson, New Zealand|Sanson]] hosted the Blokarting 2022 World Championships. The 5 day event saw two days at the Sanson blokart track and three days held on the airfield tarmac at Ohakea.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Finn |date=31 August 2022 |title=Blokart sailors from across the world blow into Sanson and Ōhakea for the Blokart World Championships |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/blokart-sailors-from-across-the-world-blow-into-sanson-and-ohakea-for-the-blokart-world-championships/4ILTVZTDAZXKY3OAO3EMYK22QU/ |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref>

==Motor racing==
[[File:Ohakea Track Map (1950).png|thumb|The circuit used for the 1950 New Zealand Grand Prix]]
The Ohakea Airfield was used as a temporary [[motor racing]] circuit, predominantly in the 1950s. A 5.6-kilometre track hosted the inaugural [[New Zealand Grand Prix]] in [[1950 New Zealand Grand Prix|1950]], while a shorter 3.5-kilometre circuit hosted the Ohakea Trophy from 1951 to 1956 and further national meetings from 1959 to 1962. The circuit was reopened for [[Historic motorsport|historic]] events in the 1980s.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{subject bar|auto=y|d=y}}
*[http://www.airforce.mil.nz/ Official RNZAF Base Ohakea webpage]

{{Airports in New Zealand}}
{{Royal New Zealand Air Force}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Royal New Zealand Air Force bases|Ohakea]]
[[Category:Airports in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Manawatū District]]
[[Category:Motorsport venues in New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand Grand Prix]]
[[Category:Transport buildings and structures in Manawatū-Whanganui]]