View source for RISAT-2

{{Short description|Indian radar imaging reconnaissance satellite}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name              = RISAT-2
| names_list        = Radar Imaging Satellite-2
| image             = 
| image_caption     = 
| image_size        = 300px

| mission_type      = [[Radar imaging]]<br/>([[Reconnaissance]] and [[Emergency management|disaster management]])
| operator          = [[Indian Air Force]]<br/>[[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID         = 2009-019A <ref name="Display">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-019A|title=Display: RISAT-2 2009-019A|date=27 April 2021|access-date=9 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| SATCAT            = 34807
| website           = {{url|http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/risat-2}}
| mission_duration  = Planned: 5 years <br/>  Final: {{time interval|20 April 2009 01:15:00|30 October 2022 00:06}}
| spacecraft        = RISAT-2
| spacecraft_type   = 
| spacecraft_bus    = [[OptSat-2000]]
| manufacturer      = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] (satellite)<br/>[[Israel Aerospace Industries|IAI]] (SAR radar)
| launch_mass       = {{cvt|300|kg}}
| dimensions        = 
| power             = 750 watts

| launch_date       = 20 April 2009, 01:15:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<ref name="ESA Portal"/>
| launch_rocket     = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV-CA]] (PSLV-C12)
| launch_site       = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|SLP]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service   = 
| disposal_type     = 
| last_contact      = 
| decay_date        = 30 October 2022, 00:06 UTC<ref name="ST_34807TIP">{{cite web |title=Tracking and Impact Prediction (TIP) Message: RISAT-2 |url=https://www.space-track.org/basicspacedata/query/class/tip/NORAD_CAT_ID/34807/orderby/ID%20DESC/format/html/emptyresult/show |access-date=31 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="jmd-2022031">{{cite tweet |author=Jonathan McDowell |user=planet4589 |number=1586879079063912448 |title=India's RISAT-2 radar satellite, launched in 2009, reentered at 0006 UTC Oct 30 off the south coast of Sumatra. |date=31 October 2022}}</ref>

| orbit_reference   = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="ESA Portal">{{cite web|url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/r/risat-2|title=RISAT-2 (Radar Imaging Satellite-2)|publisher=ESA Earth Observation Portal|date=9 May 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>
| orbit_regime      = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis   = 
| orbit_apoapsis    = 
| orbit_altitude    = {{cvt|548|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 41.0°
| orbit_period      = 90.0 minutes
| apsis             = gee

| programme         = [[RISAT|RISAT programme]]
| previous_mission  = 
| next_mission      = [[RISAT-1]]
}}

'''RISAT-2''', or '''Radar Imaging Satellite-2''' was an Indian [[radar imaging]] [[reconnaissance satellite]] that was part of India's [[RISAT]] programme. It was procured from  [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Spaceflight Now {{!}} Breaking News {{!}} India readies Israeli radar spysat to eye Pakistan |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0904/17milsat/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=spaceflightnow.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=Tango with Israel - Frontline |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/article30186903.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803214049/https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/article30186903.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-08-03 |access-date=2024-09-27 }}</ref> and successfully launched aboard a [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV-CA]] launch vehicle at 01:15:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on 20 April 2009 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Second Launch Pad]] at the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/science/isro-to-launch-second-spy-satellite-risat-2br1-on-december-11-to-enhance-indias-surveillance-capability-4695061.html|title=ISRO to launch second "spy" satellite RISAT-2BR1 on 11 December 2019 to enhance India's surveillance capability|website=moneycontrol.com|date=3 December 2019 |access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref>

It is designed to monitor India's [[border]]s and as part of anti-infiltration and anti-terrorist operations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-launch-spy-satellite-on-April-20/articleshow/4374544.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023165634/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-08/india/28021674_1_spy-satellite-synthetic-aperture-radar-tecsar|url-status=live|archive-date=October 23, 2012 |newspaper=The Times of India|title=India to launch spy satellite on April 20|date=April 8, 2009}}</ref> The satellite has a mass of {{cvt|300|kg}}.

== History ==
RISAT-2 was procured following the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]], due to delay with the indigenously developed [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] for [[RISAT-1]]. It is India's first dedicated radar reconnaissance satellite.<ref name="ASM">{{cite web|url=http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-to-launch-risat|title=The difference between Risat-1 and Risat-2|publisher=ASM|access-date=2009-03-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330023928/http://www.asmmag.com/news/india-to-launch-risat|archive-date=March 30, 2009}}</ref> RISAT-2 was procured at a cost of USD 200 million from Israel. In terms of configuration and capability it is identical to [[TecSAR-1]] launched in 2008 by ISRO's PSLV which marked the beginning of India-Israel space cooperation.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name="PRL_NMD_SAC">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSU78dirBX4&t=2282s |title="Trends in Indigenous Space Technologies for Societal Applications" 95_PRL ka Amrut Vyakhyaan, 14 August 2024, Shri Nilesh M Desai |date=14 August 2024 |language=English |time=38 minutes 02 seconds |quote=(…) in 2006-07 time frame country desperately needed a radar satellite for our strategic reasons so then military approached us and it was decided to buy a radar satellite so what you're seeing here this is the first active radar satellite bought from Israel it costed around those days 2006 to 09 we gave order in 2006 it was delivered in 2009 and we launched it from our launcher in 2009 for our surveillance requirements it costed us around 800 crores those days 2006 to 09 time frame.}}</ref>

== Technical capabilities ==
RISAT-2 was India's first satellite with a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR). It possess day-night as well as all-weather monitoring capability. Potential applications include tracking hostile ships at sea that are deemed a military threat to India.<ref name="RISAT-2">{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indias-spy-in-the-sky-isro-launches-risat2/90656-11.html?from=rssfeed|title=India's spy in the sky: ISRO launches RISAT-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427135457/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indias-spy-in-the-sky-isro-launches-risat2/90656-11.html?from=rssfeed|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 27, 2009|date=April 20, 2009|publisher=IBN|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref>

Though ISRO sought to underplay the satellite's defence applications in its announcements, a substantial number of articles concerning RISAT-2 in the Indian media continue to refer to it as a "spy satellite".<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8007653.stm?from=rssfeed|title=India launches key spy satellite|date=April 20, 2009|publisher=BBC|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> This is also supported by the fact that its Israeli sensor is clearly pronounced a military grade sensor by its manufacturer [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Launch ==
ISRO scientists spent tense hours on 19 April 2009 prior to launch as one of the umbilical cords holding the PSLV-CA launch vehicle to the launch pad fell off, damaging nearly six connectors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ISRO-launches-spy-satellite-RISAT-2/articleshow/4422951.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|title=RISAT-2 not a spy satellite: ISRO chief|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423075323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ISRO-launches-spy-satellite-RISAT-2/articleshow/4422951.cms|archive-date=April 23, 2009}}</ref>

== ANUSAT satellite ==
The [[ANUSAT]] student [[Small satellite|microsatellite]] (40&nbsp;kg) was launched aboard the same launch vehicle as a secondary payload.

== Mission ==
RISAT-2 was used to search for and eventually locate wreckage of the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash|helicopter crash]] that claimed the life of [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], chief minister of the [[Andhra Pradesh|state of Andhra Pradesh]], as well as the lives of his fellow passengers, while traveling over dense jungles in southern India on 2 September 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article13970.ece|location=Chennai, India|newspaper=The Hindu|title=RISAT-2 to search for YSR|date=2 September 2009}}</ref>
The satellite made an uncontrolled re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere over Sumatra on 30 October 2022 at 00:06 UTC<ref name="jmd-2022031"/><ref name="ST_34807TIP"/> after providing payload data for 13 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Space, Annual Report 2017-2018 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/9805/annualreport2017-18.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213093132/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/9805/annualreport2017-18.pdf |archive-date=13 February 2018 |quote=RISAT-2 has enhanced the country's capability in the disaster management support activities. The satellite has completed 8 years in orbit and still providing imaging services.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Atmospheric Re-entry of RISAT-2 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Atmospheric_Re_entryRISAT2.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Integrated Space Cell#Military|Indian military satellites]]
* [[List of Indian satellites]]
* [[Indo-Israeli relations]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{RISAT satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Rest of the World Reconnaissance Satellites}}
{{Orbital launches in 2009}}

[[Category:2009 in India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2009]]
[[Category:Earth observation satellites of India]]
[[Category:Imaging reconnaissance satellites]]
[[Category:Synthetic aperture radar satellites]]
[[Category:India–Israel relations]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2022]]
[[Category:RISAT]]