View source for RBU-6000

{{Short description|Soviet anti-submarine rocket launcher}}
[[File:Admiral Vinogradov - RBU-6000.jpg|thumb|300x300px|RBU-6000 system]]
[[File:INS Kadmatt - RBU-6000.jpg|thumb|[[INS Kadmatt (P29)|Indian corvette ''Kadmatt'']] with two RBU-6000 launchers]]
The '''RBU-6000''' '''Smerch-2''' (Реактивно-Бомбовая Установка, ''Reaktivno-Bombovaja Ustanovka''; [[reaction engine|rocket]]-bomb installation & Смерч; waterspout) is a 213&nbsp;mm caliber [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[anti-submarine rocket]] launcher. The system entered service in 1960–1961 and is fitted to a wide range of Russian surface vessels. It consists of a horseshoe-shaped arrangement of twelve launch barrels, that are remotely directed by the Burya fire control system (that can also control the shorter-ranged [[RBU-1000]]). It fires [[RGB-60]] rockets, which carry unguided [[depth charge]]s. The rockets are normally fired in salvos of 1, 2, 4, 8 or 12 rounds. Reloading is automatic, with individual rounds being fed into the launcher by the 60UP loading system from a below-deck magazine. Typical magazine capacity is either 72 or 96 rounds per launcher. It can also be used for shore bombardment.

The '''{{vanchor |RPK-8}}''' system is an upgrade of the RBU-6000 system, firing the 90R rocket, which releases a 90SG depth charge that is actively guided in the water.<ref name=roe-rpk/> This allows it to home in on targets at depths of up to {{convert|1,000|m|ft}}. The warhead is a {{convert|19.5|kg|lb|adj=on}} [[shaped charge]], which enables it to punch through the hulls of submarines. It can also be used against divers and torpedoes. System response time is reported to be 15 seconds and a single-salvo has a kill probability of 0.8. RPK-8 entered service in 1991 and was mounted on Project 1154 and 11356 frigates. Serial production of the upgraded 90R1 rocket, featuring a non-contact [[proximity fuze]], was launched in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Navy Kolkata Class Destroyers |url=https://medium.com/indo-pacific-geomill/indian-navy-kolkata-class-destroyers-d39fad8662e0 |website=Medium |access-date=21 December 2024 |language=en |date=17 February 2019}}</ref>

RBU-6000 were the most widespread anti-submarine rocket launchers in the [[Soviet Navy]], used on many ship classes.

== Specifications ==
[[File:Navy Day in Baltiysk, (2015-07-26) 17.JPG|thumb|[[Russian corvette Kalmykia|Russian corvette ''Kalmykia'']] firing a RBU-6000 rocket depth charge]]
[[File:INS Chennai launching RBU-6000 Anti-Submarine Rocket (ASW) manufactured by the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB).jpg|thumb|[[Indian Navy]] [[INS Chennai|destroyer]] {{INS|Chennai}} firing an RBU rocket.]]

===Launcher specifications===
{|class=wikitable
! Value !! RBU-6000<ref name="wsys"/> !! RPK-8<ref name=roe-rpk>{{cite web |title=Anti-submarine rocket launcher system RPK-8 {{!}} |url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/naval-systems/shipborne-weapons/rpk-8/ |website=Catalog Rosoboronexport roe.ru}}</ref>
|-
! Empty weight (kg)
| 3100 || 3500 + 4700 (autoloader)
|-
! Length (m)
| 2 ||
|-
! Height (m)
| 2.25 ||
|-
! Width (m)
| 1.75 ||
|-
! Elevation
|  -15° to +65° ||
|-
! Traverse
| 180° ||
|}

=== Rocket specifications ===
All rockets are 212&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref name=roe-rpk/>

{|class=wikitable
|-
! Value !! RGB-60<ref name="wsys"/> !! 90R<ref name=roe-rpk/>
|-
! Weight (kg)
| 113.5 || 112.5
|-
! Warhead
| 23&nbsp;kg, explosive
| 19.5&nbsp;kg, shaped
|-
! Range (m)
| {{plainlist|1=
* Ballistic 1: 350 m to 1700 m
* Ballistic 2: 1500 m to 5500 m
}}
| 600 m to 4,300 m
|-
! Target depth (m)
| 10 to 500 m
| {{plainlist|
* Submarines: 0 to 1,000 m
* Torpedoes and divers: 4–10 m<ref name="wsys">{{cite web |title=RBU-6000 Smerch-2 |url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/528-RBU-6000+Smerch-2 |website=Weaponsystems.net |language=en}}</ref>
}}
|-
! Sink rate
| 11.6&nbsp;m/s || Unknown
|-
! Seek radius
| N/A (not homing) || 130&nbsp;m
|}

Both versions of depth charges have contact and programmed fuse modes.<ref name="wsys"/> The guided depth charge released by 90R has its own name, 90SG.<ref name=roe-rpk/>

India's [[DRDO]] developed Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR) to enhance the range of existing RGB-60 rocket. ERASR has twin motor propulsion system which can fire the rocket in short range and long range mode to achieve a distance of 500 m to 8900 m. The rocket was successfully test fired from [[INS Chennai (D65)|INS Chennai]] on 3 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Sushant |date=2023-04-06 |title=Anti-submarine rockets developed by 2 Pune labs successfully tested from INS Chennai |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/anti-submarine-rockets-pune-labs-successfully-tested-8542838/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anti Submarine Rocket for RBU 6000 Launcher |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/technology-cluster-links/labs-products-detail/2644/174 |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Defence Research & Development Organisation}}</ref>

==Ships==
[[File:MARASESTI FRIGATE AT THE NAVAL FORCES DAY.jpg|thumb|Two RBU-6000 rocket launchers aboard the [[Romanian frigate Mărășești|''Mărășeștiv'']]]]
[[File:Arg 902.jpg|thumb|Two RBU-6000 rocket launchers aboard a [[Koni-class frigate|Koni-class]]]]
Ship classes fitted with RBU-6000 (list not complete)

*{{navy|Soviet Union}}<br />{{navy|Russia}}
** {{sclass|Moskva|helicopter carrier|1}} (Project 1123)
** {{sclass|Kiev|aircraft carrier|1}} (Project 1143/1143M)
** {{sclass2|Kynda|cruiser|1}} (Project 58)
** {{sclass2|Kresta I|cruiser|1}} (Project 1134)
** {{sclass2|Kresta II|cruiser|1}} (Project 1134A)
** {{sclass2|Kara|cruiser|1}} (Project 1134B)
** {{sclass|Kirov|battlecruiser|1}} (Project 1144/11442)
** {{sclass|Slava|cruiser|1}} (Project 1164)
** [[Kotlin-class destroyer|Kotlin-SAM-class destroyer]] (Project 56K/56A/56AE)
** {{sclass2|Kanin|destroyer|1}} (Project 57A)
** {{sclass2|Kashin|destroyer|1}} (Project 61/61M/61MP)
** {{sclass|Udaloy|destroyer|1}} (Project 1155)
** [[Burevestnik-class frigate|Burevestnik/Burevestnik M-class frigate]] (Project 1135/1135M)
** {{sclass|Neustrashimy|frigate|1}} (Project 1154)
** {{sclass2|Koni|frigate|1}} (Project 1159)
** [[Petya-class frigate|Petya II/III-class frigate]] (Project 159A/159AE)
** {{sclass2|Mirka|frigate|1}} (Project 35/35M)
** {{sclass2|Admiral Grigorovich|frigate|1}} (Project 11356R)
** [[Grisha-class corvette|Grisha I/III/IV/V-class corvette]] (Project 1124.1/1124M/1124K/1124ME)
** [[Parchim-class corvette|Parchim II-class corvette]] (Project 133.1M)
** {{sclass2|Poti|corvette|1}} (Project 204)
*{{flagicon image|USSR, Flag KGB 1950.svg}} [[Soviet Border Troops|Soviet border Guard]]<br />{{flagicon image|Russian Border Guard.svg}} [[Russian Border Guard]]
** [[Burevestnik-class frigate|Nerei-class frigate]] (Project 11351)
*{{navy|Poland}}
** {{ORP|Kaszub}} corvette (Project 620)
*{{navy|Romania}}
** {{ship|Romanian frigate|Mărăşeşti}}
** {{sclass|Rear-Admiral Eustațiu Sebastian|corvette|1}}
*{{navy|Bulgaria}}
** Koni-class frigate (Project 1159)
*{{navy|Azerbaijan}}
** Petya II-class frigate (Project 159A)
*{{navy|India}}
** {{sclass|Rajput|destroyer|1}} (Project 61ME)
** {{sclass|Delhi|destroyer|1}} (Project 15)
** {{sclass|Kolkata|destroyer|1}} (Project 15A)
** {{sclass|Visakhapatnam|destroyer|1}} (Project 15B)
** {{sclass|Talwar|frigate|1}} (Project 11356)
** {{sclass|Shivalik|frigate|1}} (Project 17)
** [[Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)|''Nilgiri''-class frigate]] (Project 17A)
** {{sclass|Kamorta|corvette|1}} (Project 28)
*{{Flagicon image|Ensign of Vietnam People's Navy.svg}} [[Vietnam People's Navy]]
** Petya II/III-class frigate (Project 159A/159AE)
*{{navy|Indonesia}}
** Parchim I-class corvette (Project 133)
*{{navy|Libya}}
** Koni-class frigate (Project 1159TP)
*{{navy|Algeria}}
** Koni-class frigate (Project 1159T)

==Armoured vehicles==
*{{army|Russia}}
** [[MT-LB]]s and [[T-80]] chassis have been seen with the launcher complex fitted during the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |author1-link= |title=Russia Modifies T-80 Tanks Into Rocket Launchers; Fresh Proof Of Moscow's Military Might |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vy4_P-iclA |website=youtube.com |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |format=video |date=Jan 26, 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{No footnotes|June 2009 article|date=June 2009}}
* ''The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Systems 1997-1998''

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.zavod9.com/en/?pid=21 RBU-6000 on the manufacturer's official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403181627/http://www.zavod9.com/en/?pid=21 |date=2015-04-03 }}
* [http://tass.com/defense/953361 Russia launches serial production of upgraded rockets for anti-submarine warfare system]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rbu-6000}}
[[Category:Naval weapons of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Anti-submarine missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Cold War weapons of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]
[[Category:NPO Splav products]]
[[Category:Anti-submarine rockets]]