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{{short description|American rock band}}
{{About|the band||Rem (disambiguation)}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = R.E.M.
| image             = R.E.M. at Stadio Euganeo, Padova, Italy, 2003-07-22 04.jpg
| caption           = R.E.M. performing in 2003. From left to right: [[Mike Mills]] (partially cropped), [[Michael Stipe]], touring drummer [[Bill Rieflin]], and [[Peter Buck]]
| landscape         = yes
| alt               = R.E.M. performing on stage with a sign reading "LUV" behind them
| background        = group_or_band
| alias             = {{flatlist|
* Hornets Attack Victor&nbsp;Mature{{r|Gray|page=68}}
* {{nowrap|[[Live at the Borderline 1991|Bingo Hand&nbsp;Job]]{{r|Gray|page=47}}}}
* {{nowrap|It Crawled from the&nbsp;South{{r|Gray|page=194}}}}
}}
| origin            = [[Athens, Georgia]], U.S.
| genre             = <!--Genres are sourced in the "musical style" section-->{{flatlist|
* [[Alternative rock]]
* [[jangle pop]]
* [[folk rock]]
* [[college rock]]
* [[post-punk]] 
}}
| discography       = {{hlist|[[R.E.M. discography|Discography]]|[[List of songs recorded by R.E.M.|songs]]|[[List of R.E.M. concert tours|tours]]}}
| years_active      = {{flatlist|
* 1980–2011 
* 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2025/02/r-e-m-reunite-pretty-persuasion/|title=R.E.M. Reunite to Play "Pretty Persuasion" with Michael Shannon and Jason Narducy: Watch|last=Fu|first=Eddie|date=February 28, 2025|accessdate=March 1, 2025|publisher=[[Consequence of Sound]]}}</ref>
* 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2025/02/rem-reunion-athens-georgia/|title=R.E.M.'s Original Members Take The Stage Again In Athens|last=Cohen|first=Jonathan|publisher=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=February 28, 2025|accessdate=March 1, 2025}}</ref>
}}
| label             = {{flatlist|
* [[Hib-Tone]]
* [[I.R.S. Records|I.R.S.]]
* [[Warner Records|Warner&nbsp;Bros.]]
* [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
* [[New West Records|New&nbsp;West]]
* [[Rhino Records|Rhino]]
* [[Concord Bicycle Music|Concord&nbsp;Bicycle]]
* [[Craft Recordings|Craft]]
}}
| spinoffs          = {{flatlist|
* [[Automatic Baby]]
* [[The Baseball Project]]
* [[Filthy Friends]]
* [[Hindu Love Gods (band)|Hindu Love Gods]]
* [[The Minus 5]]
* [[Tired Pony]]
* [[Tuatara (band)|Tuatara]]
}}
| website           = {{URL|https://remhq.com}}
| past_members      = * [[Bill Berry]]
* [[Peter Buck]]
* [[Mike Mills]]
* [[Michael Stipe]]
}}

'''R.E.M.''' was an American [[alternative rock]] band formed in [[Athens, Georgia]], in 1980 by drummer [[Bill Berry]], guitarist [[Peter Buck]], bassist [[Mike Mills]], and lead vocalist [[Michael Stipe]], who were students at the [[University of Georgia]]. R.E.M. was noted for Buck's ringing, [[arpeggiated]] guitar playing, Stipe's distinctive vocal style, unique stage presence and cryptic lyrics, Mills's melodic bass lines and backing vocals, and Berry's tight, economical drumming. In the early 1990s, other alternative rock acts such as [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Pixies (band)|Pixies]] and [[Pavement (band)|Pavement]] named R.E.M. as a pioneer of the genre. After Berry left in 1997 due to severe health issues, the remaining members continued with mixed critical and commercial success. The band broke up amicably in 2011, having sold more than 90&nbsp;million albums worldwide and becoming one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|world's best-selling music acts]].

The band released their first single, "[[Radio Free Europe (song)|Radio Free Europe]]", in 1981 on the independent record label [[Hib-Tone]]. It was followed by the ''[[Chronic Town]]'' [[Extended play|EP]] in 1982, their first release on [[I.R.S. Records]]. Over the course of the decade, R.E.M. released acclaimed albums, commencing with their debut ''[[Murmur (album)|Murmur]]'' (1983), and continuing yearly with ''[[Reckoning (R.E.M. album)|Reckoning]]'' (1984), ''[[Fables of the Reconstruction]]'' (1985), ''[[Lifes Rich Pageant]]'' (1986), ''[[Document (album)|Document]]'' (1987) and ''[[Green (R.E.M. album)|Green]]'' (1988). During their most successful period, they worked with the producer [[Scott Litt]]. With constant touring, and the support of [[campus radio|college radio]] following years of underground success, R.E.M. achieved a mainstream hit with the 1987 single "[[The One I Love (R.E.M. song)|The One I Love]]". They signed to [[Warner Bros. Records]] in 1988, and began to espouse political and environmental concerns while playing arenas worldwide.

R.E.M.'s most commercially successful albums, ''[[Out of Time (album)|Out of Time]]'' (1991) and ''[[Automatic for the People]]'' (1992), put them in the vanguard of alternative rock at the time. ''Out of Time'' received seven nominations at the [[34th Annual Grammy Awards]], and the lead single, "[[Losing My Religion]]", was R.E.M.'s highest-charting and best-selling hit. ''[[Monster (R.E.M. album)|Monster]]'' (1994) continued its run of success. The band began its first tour in six years to support the album; the tour was marred by medical emergencies suffered by three of the band members. In 1996, R.E.M. re-signed with Warner Bros. for a reported US$80&nbsp;million, at the time [[List of largest music deals|the most expensive recording contract ever]]. The tour was productive and the band recorded the following album mostly during soundchecks. The resulting record, ''[[New Adventures in Hi-Fi]]'' (1996), is hailed as the band's last great album and the members' favorite, growing in cult status over the years. Berry left the band the following year for health reasons, and Stipe, Buck and Mills continued as a musical trio, supplemented by studio and live musicians, such as the multi-instrumentalists [[Scott McCaughey]] and [[Ken Stringfellow]] and the drummers [[Joey Waronker]] and [[Bill Rieflin]]. They also parted ways with their longtime manager [[Jefferson Holt]], at which point the band's attorney [[Bertis Downs]] assumed managerial duties. Seeking to also renovate their sound, the band stopped working with Litt, and hired as co-producer [[Pat McCarthy (record producer)|Pat McCarthy]], who had worked as mixer and engineer on the band's previous two albums.

After the [[Electronic music|electronic]] and [[Experimental music|experimental]] direction of ''[[Up (R.E.M. album)|Up]]'' (1998), which was commercially unsuccessful, ''[[Reveal (R.E.M. album)|Reveal]]'' (2001), referred to as "a conscious return to their classic sound",<ref name="amgreveal">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/reveal-mw0000586964 |title=''Reveal'' – R.E.M. |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=August 31, 2020 |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |archive-date=October 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020082734/https://www.allmusic.com/album/reveal-mw0000586964 |url-status=live }}</ref> received general acclaim. In 2007, the band was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in their first year of eligibility. Berry reunited with the band for the ceremony, and to record a cover of [[John Lennon]]'s "[[Number 9 Dream|#9 Dream]]" for the 2007 compilation album ''[[Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur]]'' to benefit [[Amnesty International]]'s campaign to alleviate the [[Darfur conflict]]. Looking for a change of sound after lukewarm reception for ''[[Around the Sun]]'' (2004), the band collaborated with the producer [[Jacknife Lee]] on their final two studio albums—the well-received ''[[Accelerate (R.E.M. album)|Accelerate]]'' (2008) and ''[[Collapse into Now]]'' (2011). In 2024, the band reunited to perform "Losing My Religion" at their induction into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]] and once again in 2025 to perform "[[Pretty Persuasion (song)|Pretty Persuasion]]" at the [[40 Watt Club]] in Athens, Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Scoop |date=2024-06-13 |title=R.E.M. Reunite for First Live Performance in 15 Years at Songwriters Hall of Fame |url=https://consequence.net/2024/06/r-e-m-reunion-songwriters-hall-of-fame/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2025/02/rem-reunion-athens-georgia/|title=R.E.M.'s Original Members Take The Stage Again In Athens|last=Cohen|first=Jonathan|publisher=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=February 28, 2025|accessdate=March 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2025/02/r-e-m-reunite-pretty-persuasion/|title=R.E.M. Reunite to Play "Pretty Persuasion" with Michael Shannon and Jason Narducy: Watch|last=Fu|first=Eddie|date=February 28, 2025|accessdate=March 1, 2025|publisher=[[Consequence of Sound]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/rem-surprise-reunion-athens-40-watt-club-pretty-persuasion-1235911993/|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=February 28, 2025|title=R.E.M. Stage Surprise Reunion at Athens' 40 Watt Club For Spirited Run Through 'Pretty Persuasion|accessdate=March 6, 2025|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref>

==History==
===1980–1982: Formation and first releases===
[[File:Athens Church Steeple.jpg|alt=A church steeple|thumb|upright|The steeple of [[St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Athens, Georgia)|St. Mary's Episcopal Church]] in 2015; this is all that remains of where members of R.E.M. lived briefly and performed their first concert on April 5, 1980.]]

In January 1980, [[Peter Buck]] met [[Michael Stipe]] in [[Wuxtry Records]], the Athens record store where Buck worked. The pair discovered that they shared similar tastes in music, particularly in [[punk rock]] and [[proto-punk]] artists like [[Patti Smith]], [[Television (band)|Television]], and [[the Velvet Underground]]. Stipe said, "It turns out that I was buying all the records that [Buck] was saving for himself."<ref name="Gumprecht">{{cite magazine |last=Gumprecht |first=Blake |title=Interview with R.E.M. |magazine=Alternative America (Fanzine) |date=Winter 1983 |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/rem-3 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Through mutual friend Kathleen O'Brien,<ref name=salon>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2018/04/28/rem-plays-its-first-ever-show/ |title=R.E.M.'s first ever show: Opening band at a birthday party in a church |last=Niimi |first=J |date=April 28, 2018 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=April 29, 2018 |archive-date=April 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429174014/https://www.salon.com/2018/04/28/rem-plays-its-first-ever-show/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Stipe and Buck then met fellow [[University of Georgia]] students [[Bill Berry]] and [[Mike Mills]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Holdship |first=Bill |title=R.E.M.: Rock Reconstruction Getting There |magazine=[[Creem]] |date=September 1985 |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/rem-rock-reconstruction-getting-there |url-access=subscription}}</ref> who had played music together since high school{{r|Buckley|page=30}} and had lived together in [[Macon, Georgia]].<ref name="leavell">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/news/2016/12/09/q-a-the-progressive-global-agency-president-buck.html |title=Q&A: The Progressive Global Agency President Buck Williams talks Widespread Panic, R.E.M., Chuck Leavell |author=Phil W. Hudson |work=[[Atlanta Business Chronicle]] |date=April 20, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203161859/https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/news/2016/12/09/q-a-the-progressive-global-agency-president-buck.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The quartet agreed to collaborate on several songs; Stipe later commented that "there was never any grand plan behind any of it".<ref name="Gumprecht" /> Their still-unnamed band spent a few months rehearsing in the deconsecrated [[St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Athens, Georgia)|St. Mary's Episcopal Church]] on Oconee Street in Athens. "I remember our very first practice," recalled Mills in 2024. "Bill and I had some stuff left over from our band in Macon. We showed it to Peter and Michael, and they took it to places—even that very first night—that I didn't expect. I thought, 'This works for me.'"<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATHHACcw3Q4 |title=Extended interview: R.E.M. on songwriting, breaking up and their lifelong friendship |date=2024-06-14 |last=CBS Mornings |access-date=2024-06-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> He continued: "Bill and I had a bunch of songs from a band we were in in Macon, and we showed [Peter and Michael] those songs. Peter was playing [[Arpeggio|arpeggiated]] stuff – nobody plays that. And Michael: the voice was there, and he did some fun things with the melodies. I thought, 'These guys are bringing something to the game.'"<ref name="Rick Beato">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRfhX-XAIiY |title=Mike Mills: The Story Of R.E.M. |date=2024-06-14 |last=Rick Beato |access-date=2024-06-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> They fleshed out their performances at their rehearsal space, on Jackson Street in Athens.<ref name="Rick Beato"/>

They played their first show on April 5, 1980, supported by [[The Side Effects (band)|the Side Effects]] at O'Brien's birthday party held in the same church, performing a mix of originals and 1960s and 1970s covers.<ref name="salon" /> After considering names such as "Cans of Piss", "Negro Eyes", and "Twisted Kites",<ref name="salon" /> the band settled on "R.E.M.", which Stipe selected at random from a dictionary.{{r|Buckley|page=39}} ''R.E.M.'' is well known as an abbreviation for [[rapid eye movement sleep|rapid eye movement]], the dream stage of sleep; however, sleep researcher Rafael Pelayo reports that when his colleague [[William Dement]], the sleep scientist who coined the term ''REM'', reached out to the band, Dement was told that the band was named "not after REM sleep".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/24/883017049/the-father-of-sleep-science-dr-william-dement-dies-at-91|title='The Father Of Sleep Science' Dr. William Dement Dies At 91|website=NPR|time=1:38|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625183433/https://www.npr.org/2020/06/24/883017049/the-father-of-sleep-science-dr-william-dement-dies-at-91|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Mitch michael scott.jpg|left|alt=Mitch Easter sitting at a mixing board next to Michael Quercio and Scott Miller|thumb|[[Mitch Easter]] (left) was R.E.M.'s producer until 1984, helping to define the band's early sound.]]
The band members eventually dropped out of school to focus on their developing group.<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web | url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=rem-p116437/biography|pure_url=yes}} | title=R.E.M > Biography | access-date=December 3, 2010 |author=Stephen Thomas Erlewine  | publisher=[[AllMusic]]| author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine }}</ref> They found a manager in [[Jefferson Holt]], a record store clerk who was so impressed by an R.E.M. performance in his hometown of [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]], that he moved to Athens.{{r|Buckley|page=41}} R.E.M.'s success was almost immediate in Athens and surrounding areas; the band drew progressively larger crowds for shows, which caused some resentment in the [[Music of Athens, Georgia|Athens music scene]].{{r|Buckley|page=46}} Over the next year and a half, R.E.M. toured throughout the Southern United States. Touring was arduous because a touring circuit for alternative rock bands did not then exist. "We made it up as we went along with people who owned bars or pizza joints or coffee shops or gay bars or biker bars," said Mills. "Anybody that wanted this kind of music there, they would make a way for it to happen in their place. It was so exciting."<ref name="Rick Beato" /> The group toured in an old blue van driven by Holt (and any band member except Stipe),<ref name="Rick Beato"/> and lived on a food allowance of $2 each per day.{{r|Buckley|pages=53–54}}

During April 1981, R.E.M. recorded their first single, "[[Radio Free Europe (song)|Radio Free Europe]]", at producer [[Mitch Easter]]'s [[Drive-In Studio]] in [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]], after a recommendation by [[Peter Holsapple]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nabors |first=Gary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ab7oV9kevyMC&q=easter+drive-in+studio+winston-salem |title=Remnants: The R.E.M. Collector's Handbook and Price Guide |date=1993 |publisher=Eclipse Publishing |isbn=978-0-9636241-4-7 |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> Initially distributing it as a four-track demo tape to clubs, record labels and magazines, the single was released in July 1981 on the local [[independent record label]] [[Hib-Tone]] with an initial pressing of 1,000 copies—600 of which were sent out as promotional copies. The single quickly sold out, and another 6,000 copies were pressed due to popular demand, despite the original pressing leaving off the record label's contact details.<ref>{{cite book|page= [https://archive.org/details/talkaboutpassion00sull/page/27 27]|author= Denise Sullivan|title= Talk About the Passion: R.E.M.: An Oral Biography|publisher= Underwood-Miller|date= 1994|isbn= 0-88733-184-X|url= https://archive.org/details/talkaboutpassion00sull/page/27}}</ref><ref name=salon /> Despite its limited pressing, the single garnered critical acclaim, and was listed as one of the ten best singles of the year by ''[[The New York Times]]''.{{r|Gray|page=497}}
{{listen|filename=R.E.M. - Radio Free Europe.ogg|title="Radio Free Europe" |description=The band's debut single "Radio Free Europe" was released on Hib-Tone in 1981 and re-recorded for the debut album ''Murmur'' in 1983. Stipe's "mumbling" singing style helped establish interest in his lyrics as enigmatic and obscure.<ref name=mumble/>}}

R.E.M. recorded the ''[[Chronic Town]]'' EP with Mitch Easter in October 1981, and planned to release it on a new indie label named Dasht Hopes.{{r|Buckley|page=59}} However, [[I.R.S. Records]] acquired a demo of the band's first recording session with Easter that had been circulating for months.{{r|Buckley|pages=61–63}} The band turned down the advances of major label [[RCA Records]] in favor of I.R.S., with whom they signed a contract in May 1982. I.R.S. released ''Chronic Town'' that August as its first American release.{{r|Buckley|pages=66–67}} A positive review of the EP by ''[[NME]]'' praised the songs' auras of mystery, and concluded, "R.E.M. ring true, and it's great to hear something as unforced and cunning as this."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Grabel |first=Richard |title= Nightmare Town |magazine=[[NME]] |date=December 11, 1982}}</ref>

===1982–1988: I.R.S. Records and cult success===
I.R.S. first paired R.E.M. with producer [[Stephen Hague]] to record their debut album. Hague's emphasis on technical perfection left the band unsatisfied, and the band members asked the label to let them record with Easter.{{r|Buckley|page=72}} I.R.S. agreed to a "tryout" session, allowing the band to return to [[North Carolina]] and record the song "Pilgrimage" with Easter and producing partner [[Don Dixon (musician)|Don Dixon]]. After hearing the track, I.R.S. permitted the group to record the album with Dixon and Easter.{{r|Buckley|page=78}} Because of their bad experience with Hague, the band recorded the album via a process of negation, refusing to incorporate rock music clichés such as [[guitar solo]]s or then-popular [[synthesizer]]s, in order to give its music a timeless feel.{{r|Buckley|pages=78–82}} The completed album, ''[[Murmur (album)|Murmur]]'', was greeted with critical acclaim upon its release in 1983, with ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' listing the album as its record of the year.{{r|Buckley|page=73}} The album reached number 36 on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' album chart.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} A re-recorded version of "Radio Free Europe" was the album's lead single and reached number 78 on the ''Billboard'' singles chart in 1983.<ref>"[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-20110407/r-e-m-radio-free-europe-19691231 Radio Free Europe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712171106/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-20110407/r-e-m-radio-free-europe-19691231 |date=July 12, 2012 }}". ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. December 9, 2004. Retrieved on September 21, 2011.</ref> Despite the acclaim awarded the album, ''Murmur'' sold only about 200,000 copies, which I.R.S.'s Jay Boberg felt was below expectations.{{r|Buckley|page=95}}

R.E.M. made their first national television appearance on ''[[Late Night with David Letterman]]'' in October 1983,{{r|Gray|page=432}} during which the group performed a new, unnamed song.{{r|Gray|page=434}} The piece, eventually titled "[[So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)]]", became the first single from the band's second album, ''[[Reckoning (R.E.M. album)|Reckoning]]'' (1984), which was also recorded with Easter and Dixon. The album met with critical acclaim; ''NME''{{'}}s [[Mat Snow]] wrote that ''Reckoning'' "confirms R.E.M. as one of the most beautifully exciting groups on the planet".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Snow |first=Mat |title=American Paradise Regained: R.E.M.'s Reckoning |magazine=[[NME]] |date=1984}}</ref> While ''Reckoning'' peaked at number 27 on the US album charts—an unusually high chart placing for a [[college rock]] band at the time—scant airplay and poor distribution overseas resulted in it charting no higher than number 91 in Britain.{{r|Buckley|page=115}}

[[File:R.E.M., Belgium, 1985.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A black-and-white photograph of Michael Stipe and Peter Buck performing on stage with spotlights on them. Stipe is to the left singing into a microphone, wearing a three-piece suit, he has bleach-blond hair and is obscuring Mike Mills, whose bass guitar is visible from behind him. Peter Buck is playing guitar and wearing a button-up pattern shirt behind Stipe to the photograph's right with a sneer on his face.|Michael Stipe (left) and Peter Buck (right) on stage in [[Ghent]], Belgium, during R.E.M.'s 1985 tour]]

The band's third album, ''[[Fables of the Reconstruction]]'' (1985), demonstrated a change in direction. Instead of Dixon and Easter, R.E.M. chose producer [[Joe Boyd]], who had worked with [[Fairport Convention]] and [[Nick Drake]], to record the album in England. The band members found the sessions unexpectedly difficult, and were miserable due to the cold winter weather and what they considered to be poor food;{{r|Buckley|pages=131–132}} the situation brought the band to the verge of break-up.{{r|Buckley|page=135}} The gloominess surrounding the sessions worked its way into the context for the album's themes. Lyrically, Stipe began to create storylines in the mode of [[Southern Gothic|Southern mythology]], noting in a 1985 interview that he was inspired by "the whole idea of the old men sitting around the fire, passing on&nbsp;...&nbsp;legends and fables to the grandchildren".<ref>"Interview with R.E.M.". ''[[Melody Maker]]''. June 15, 1985.</ref>

They toured Canada in July and August 1985, and Europe in October of that year, including the Netherlands, England (including one concert at London's [[Hammersmith Palais]]), Ireland, Scotland, France, Switzerland, Belgium, and West Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://members.iinet.net.au/~darryl74/1985.html |author=Darryl White |title= 1985 Concert Chronology |publisher= R.E.M. Timeline |access-date= January 1, 2015 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150101195123/https://members.iinet.net.au/~darryl74/1985.html |archive-date= January 1, 2015 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> On October 2, 1985, the group played a concert in [[Bochum]], West Germany, for the German TV show ''[[Rockpalast]]''. Stipe had bleached his hair blond during this time.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.allmusic.com/artist/rem-mn0000325459/biography |author= Stephen Thomas Erlewine |title= Artist Biography |publisher= AllMusic |access-date= January 1, 2015 |quote= Stipe, whose on-stage behavior was always slightly strange, entered his most bizarre phase, as he put on weight, dyed his hair bleached blonde, and wore countless layers of clothing. |author-link= Stephen Thomas Erlewine |archive-date= December 28, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141228044954/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/rem-mn0000325459/biography |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= Michael Hann |title= Old music: REM&nbsp;– Feeling Gravity's Pull |work= [[The Guardian]] |location= London |publisher= Guardian News and Media |date= November 15, 2012 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2012/nov/15/rem-feeling-gravitys-pull |access-date= January 1, 2015 |quote= I bought tickets for the first of REM's shows at Hammersmith Palais in October 1985... The star, of course, was Michael Stipe. His hair was cropped and dyed blond. |archive-date= January 1, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150101185534/https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2012/nov/15/rem-feeling-gravitys-pull |url-status= live }}</ref> R.E.M. invited California punk band [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]] to open for them on part of the US tour, and organized a benefit for the family of Minutemen frontman [[D. Boon]] who died in a December 1985 car crash shortly after the tour's conclusion.<ref>Robert Dean Lurie (2019). Begin the Begin: R.E.M.'s Early Years. Verse Chorus Press</ref> ''Fables of the Reconstruction'' performed poorly in Europe and its critical reception was mixed, with some critics regarding it as dreary and poorly recorded.{{r|Buckley|page=140}} As with the previous records, the singles from ''Fables of the Reconstruction'' were mostly ignored by mainstream radio. Meanwhile, I.R.S. was becoming frustrated with the band's reluctance to achieve mainstream success.{{r|Buckley|page=159}}

For their fourth album, R.E.M. enlisted [[John Mellencamp]]'s producer [[Don Gehman]]. The album, entitled ''[[Lifes Rich Pageant]]'' (1986), featured Stipe's vocals closer to the forefront of the music. In a 1986 interview with the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', Peter Buck related, "Michael is getting better at what he's doing, and he's getting more confident at it. And I think that shows up in the projection of his voice."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1986/10/17/onward-and-upward-and-please-yourself/|last=Popson |first=Tom |title=Onward and Upward and Please Yourself |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=October 17, 1986}}</ref> The album improved markedly upon the sales of ''Fables of the Reconstruction'' and reached number 21 on the ''Billboard'' album chart. The single "[[Fall on Me (R.E.M. song)|Fall on Me]]" also picked up support on commercial radio.{{r|Buckley|page=151}} The album was the band's first to be certified gold for selling 500,000 copies.{{r|Fletcher|page=142}} While American college radio remained R.E.M.'s core support, the band was beginning to chart hits on mainstream rock formats; however, the music still encountered resistance from [[Contemporary hit radio|Top 40 radio]].{{r|Buckley|page=160}}

Following the success of ''Lifes Rich Pageant'', I.R.S. issued ''[[Dead Letter Office (album)|Dead Letter Office]]'', a compilation of tracks recorded by the band during their album sessions, many of which had either been issued as [[B-side]]s or left unreleased altogether. Shortly thereafter, I.R.S. compiled R.E.M.'s music video catalog (except "Wolves, Lower") as the band's first video release, ''[[Succumbs]]''.

[[File:ScottLitBioImage.jpg|alt=Scott Litt smiling to the camera|thumb|[[Scott Litt]] produced a number of R.E.M.'s albums from the late 1980s to the early to mid-1990s.]]

Don Gehman was unable to produce R.E.M.'s fifth album, so he suggested the group work with [[Scott Litt]].{{r|Fletcher|page=146}} Litt would be the producer for the band's next five albums. ''[[Document (album)|Document]]'' (1987) featured some of Stipe's most openly political lyrics, particularly on "Welcome to the Occupation" and "Exhuming McCarthy", which were reactions to the [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] political environment of the 1980s under American president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Harold De Muir |title=There's No Reason It Shouldn't Be A Hit |magazine=[[The Aquarian Weekly|East Coast Rocker]] |date=July 10, 1987}}</ref> [[Jon Pareles]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote in his review of the album, "{{'}}''Document''{{'}} is both confident and defiant; if R.E.M. is about to move from cult-band status to mass popularity, the album decrees that the band will get there on its own terms."<ref>{{cite news | author=Jon Pareles | date = September 13, 1987| title=R.E.M. conjures dark times on 'Document' |work=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD7143CF930A2575AC0A961948260 | access-date=December 30, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080111010845/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD7143CF930A2575AC0A961948260 |archive-date = January 11, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Document'' was R.E.M.'s breakthrough album, and the first single "[[The One I Love (R.E.M. song)|The One I Love]]" charted in the Top 20 in the US, UK, and Canada.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} By January 1988, ''Document'' had become the group's first album to sell a million copies.{{r|Fletcher|page=157}} In light of the band's breakthrough, the December 1987 cover of ''Rolling Stone'' declared R.E.M. "America's Best Rock & Roll Band".{{r|Buckley|page=163}}

===1988–1997: International breakthrough and alternative rock stardom===
Frustrated that its records did not see satisfactory overseas distribution, R.E.M. left I.R.S. when its contract expired and signed with the major label [[Warner Bros. Records]].{{r|Buckley|page=174}} Though other labels offered more money, R.E.M. ultimately signed with Warner Bros.—reportedly for an amount between $6 million and $12 million—due to the company's assurance of total creative freedom. (Jay Boberg claimed that R.E.M.'s deal with Warner Bros. was for $22 million, which Peter Buck disputed as "definitely wrong".){{r|Buckley|page=177}} In the aftermath of the group's departure, I.R.S. released the 1988 "best of" compilation ''[[Eponymous (album)|Eponymous]]'' (assembled with input from the band members) to capitalize on assets the company still possessed.{{r|Fletcher|pages=170–171}} The band's first album from Warner Bros., ''[[Green (R.E.M. album)|Green]]'' (1988), was recorded in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], and showcased the group experimenting with its sound.{{r|Buckley|page=179}} The record's tracks ranged from the upbeat first single "[[Stand (R.E.M. song)|Stand]]" (a hit in the United States),{{r|Buckley|page=180}} to more political material, like the rock-oriented "[[Orange Crush (song)|Orange Crush]]" and "World Leader Pretend", which address the [[Vietnam War]] and the [[Cold War]], respectively.{{r|Buckley|page=183}} ''Green'' has gone on to sell four million copies worldwide.{{r|Fletcher|page=296}} The band supported the album with their biggest and most visually developed tour to date, featuring back-projections and [[art film]]s playing on the stage.{{r|Buckley|page=184}} After the [[Green World Tour|''Green'' World Tour]], the band members unofficially decided to take the following year off, the first extended break in the band's career.{{r|Buckley|page=198}} In 1990, Warner Bros. issued the music video compilation ''[[Pop Screen]]'' to collect clips from the ''Document'' and ''Green'' albums, followed a few months later by the video album ''[[Tourfilm]]'' featuring live performances filmed during the ''Green'' World Tour.{{r|Fletcher|page=181}}

{{listen|filename=R.E.M. - Losing My Religion.ogg|title="Losing My Religion"|description=Sample of "Losing My Religion" from ''Out of Time'' (1991). The [[mandolin]]-driven song became R.E.M.'s biggest American hit, peaking at number four on the ''Billboard'' charts.}}

R.E.M. reconvened in mid 1990 to record their seventh album, ''[[Out of Time (album)|Out of Time]]''. In a departure from ''Green'', the band members often wrote the music with non-traditional rock instrumentation including [[mandolin]], [[Organ (music)|organ]], and [[acoustic guitar]] instead of adding them as overdubs later in the creative process.{{r|Buckley|page=209}}<ref name=":04">{{cite magazine |last=Gill |first=Andy |date=March 5, 1991 |title=The Home Guard |magazine=[[Q (magazine)|Q]] |volume=55 |pages=56–61}}</ref> Released in March 1991, ''Out of Time'' was the band's first album to top both the US and UK charts.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} The record eventually sold 4.2&nbsp;million copies in the US alone,{{r|Buckley|page=287}} and about 12 million copies worldwide by 1996.{{r|Fletcher|page=296}} The album's lead single, "[[Losing My Religion]]", was a worldwide hit that received heavy rotation on radio, as did the music video on [[MTV]] and [[VH1]].{{r|Buckley|page=205}} "Losing My Religion" was also R.E.M.'s highest-charting single in the US, reaching number four on the ''Billboard'' charts.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} "There've been very few life-changing events in our career because our career has been so gradual," Mills said years later. In 2024, he added: "If we'd sold ten million of our first record, I doubt any of us would be alive right now."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRfhX-XAIiY |title=Mike Mills: The Story Of R.E.M. |date=2024-06-14 |last=Rick Beato |access-date=2024-06-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Regarding a pivotal moment, he said: "If you want to talk about life changing, I think 'Losing My Religion' is the closest it gets".{{r|Buckley|page=204}} The album's second single, "[[Shiny Happy People]]"—one of three songs on the record to feature vocals from [[Kate Pierson]] of fellow Athens band [[the B-52's]], was also a major hit, reaching number 10 in the US and number six in the UK.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} ''Out of Time'' garnered R.E.M. seven nominations at the [[Grammy Awards of 1992|1992 Grammy Awards]], the most nominations of any artist that year. The band won three awards: one for [[Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album|Best Alternative Music Album]] and two for "Losing My Religion", [[Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video|Best Short Form Music Video]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal|Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Jon Pareles | date=February 26, 1992 | title=Cole's 'Unforgettable' Sweeps the Grammys | work=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE4D9133EF935A15751C0A964958260 | access-date=December 30, 2007 | archive-date=January 11, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111010850/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE4D9133EF935A15751C0A964958260 | url-status=live }}</ref> R.E.M. did not tour to promote ''Out of Time''; instead, the band played a series of shows, including an appearance taped for an episode of ''[[MTV Unplugged]]''{{r|Buckley|page=213}} and released music videos for each song on the video album ''[[This Film Is On]]''. The band also performed "Losing My Religion" with members of the [[Atlanta Symphony Orchestra]] at Madison–Morgan Cultural Center, in [[Madison, Georgia]], as part of MTV's 10th-anniversary special.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.remhq.com/news/watch-losing-my-religion-live-from-mtvs-10th-anniversary-celebration-3/ |title=Watch "Losing My Religion" Live From MTV's 10th Anniversary Celebration |website=R.E.M.Hq |date=November 14, 2014 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=May 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508125843/https://www.remhq.com/news/watch-losing-my-religion-live-from-mtvs-10th-anniversary-celebration-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

After spending some months off, R.E.M. returned to the studio in 1991 to record their next album. In late 1992, the band released ''[[Automatic for the People]]''. Even though the group had intended to make a harder-rocking album after the softer textures of ''Out of Time'',{{r|Buckley|page=216}} the somber ''Automatic for the People'' "[seemed] to move at an even more agonized crawl", according to ''[[Melody Maker]]''.<ref name="remote control">{{cite magazine |last=Fricke |first=David |title=Living Up to ''Out of Time''/Remote Control: Parts I and II |magazine=[[Melody Maker]] |date=October 3, 1992 |author-link=David Fricke}}</ref> The album dealt with themes of loss and mourning inspired by "that sense of&nbsp;... turning thirty", according to Buck.{{r|Buckley|page=218}} Several songs featured [[string instrument|string]] [[arrangement]]s by former [[Led Zeppelin]] bassist [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]]. Considered by a number of critics (as well as by Buck and Mills) to be the band's best album,{{r|Buckley|page= 217}} ''Automatic for the People'' reached numbers one and two on UK and US charts, respectively, and generated the American Top 40 hit singles "[[Drive (R.E.M. song)|Drive]]", "[[Man on the Moon (R.E.M. song)|Man on the Moon]]", and "[[Everybody Hurts]]".{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} The album would sell over fifteen million copies worldwide.{{r|Fletcher|page=296}} As with ''Out of Time'', there was no tour in support of the album. The decision to forgo a tour, in conjunction with Stipe's physical appearance, generated rumors that the singer was dying or [[HIV-positive]], which were vehemently denied by the band.<ref name="remote control" />

{{listen|filename=R.E.M. - What's the Frequency, Kenneth?.ogg|title="What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" |description=Sample of "What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" from ''Monster'' (1994). The song's loud, distorted guitars were an intentional departure from the sound of R.E.M.'s previous two albums.}}

After the band released two slow-paced albums in a row, R.E.M.'s 1994 album ''[[Monster (R.E.M. album)|Monster]]'' was, as Buck said, "a 'rock' record, with the rock in quotation marks." In contrast to the sound of its predecessors, the music of ''Monster'' consisted of distorted guitar tones, minimal overdubs, and touches of 1970s [[glam rock]].{{r|Buckley|page=236}} Like ''Out of Time'', ''Monster'' topped the charts in both the US and UK.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} The record sold about nine million copies worldwide.{{r|Fletcher|page=296}} The singles "[[What's the Frequency, Kenneth?]]" and "[[Bang and Blame]]" were the band's last American Top 40 hits, although all the singles from ''Monster'' reached the Top 30 on the British charts.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} Warner Bros. assembled the music videos from the album as well as those from ''Automatic for the People'' for release as ''[[Parallel (video)|Parallel]]'' in 1995.{{r|Fletcher|page=270}}

In January 1995, R.E.M. set out on its first tour in six years. The tour was a huge commercial success, but the period was difficult for the group.{{r|Buckley|page=248}} On March 1, Berry collapsed on stage during a performance in [[Lausanne, Switzerland]], having suffered a [[brain aneurysm]]. He had surgery immediately and recovered fully within a month. Berry's aneurysm was only the beginning of a series of health problems that plagued the ''Monster'' tour. Mills had to undergo abdominal surgery to remove an intestinal adhesion in July; a month later, Stipe had to have an emergency surgery to repair a [[hernia]].{{r|Buckley|pages=251–255}} Despite all the problems, the group had recorded the bulk of a new album while on the road. The band brought along eight-track recorders to capture its shows, and used the recordings as the base elements for the album.{{r|Buckley|page=256}} The final three performances of the tour were filmed at the Omni Coliseum in Atlanta, Georgia, and released in home video form as ''[[Road Movie (video)|Road Movie]]''.{{r|Fletcher|page=274}}

R.E.M. re-signed with Warner Bros. Records in 1996 for a reported $80&nbsp;million (a figure the band constantly asserted originated with the media), rumored to be the largest recording contract in history at that point.{{r|Buckley|page=258}} The group's 1996 album ''[[New Adventures in Hi-Fi]]'' debuted at number two in the US and number one in the UK.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}} The five million copies of the album sold were a reversal of the group's commercial fortunes of the previous five years.{{r|Buckley|page=269}} Critical reaction to the album was mostly favorable. In a 2017 retrospective on the band, ''[[Consequence of Sound]]'' ranked it third out of R.E.M.'s 15 full-length studio albums.<ref name="cos">{{cite magazine |url=https://consequence.net/2017/11/ranking-every-r-e-m-album-from-worst-to-best/full-post/ |title=Ranking: Every R.E.M. Album from Worst to Best |last1=Melis |first1=Matt |last2=Gerber |first2=Justin |last3=Weiss |first3=Dan |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |magazine=[[Consequence of Sound]] |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220053244/https://consequence.net/2017/11/ranking-every-r-e-m-album-from-worst-to-best/full-post/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The album is Stipe's favorite from R.E.M. and he considers it the band at their peak.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=C6 |date=November 15, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/arts/music/michael-stipe-rem-out-of-time-interview.html |last=Howe |first=Sean |title=After a Trip Back in Time, Michael Stipe Is Ready to Return to Music |access-date=April 8, 2020 |archive-date=April 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407053739/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/arts/music/michael-stipe-rem-out-of-time-interview.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mills says, "It usually takes a good few years for me to decide where an album stands in the pantheon of recorded work we've done. This one may be third behind ''Murmur'' and ''Automatic for the People''.<ref>''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'', November 1996</ref> According to DiscoverMusic: "Arguably less immediate and less accessible [...] ''New Adventures in Hi-Fi'' is a sprawling, "White Album"-esque affair clocking in at 65 minutes. However, while it required some time and commitment from the listener, the record's contents were rich, compelling and frequently stunning. Accordingly, the album has continued to lobby for recognition and has long since earned its reputation as R.E.M.'s most unsung LP."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/behind-the-albums/r-e-m-new-adventures-in-hi-fi/|title=New Adventures In Hi-Fi: How R.E.M. Expanded In All Directions|first=Tim|last=Peacock|date=September 9, 2019|access-date=April 8, 2020|archive-date=September 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927005017/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/behind-the-albums/r-e-m-new-adventures-in-hi-fi/|url-status=live}}</ref> While sales were impressive, they were below their previous major label records. ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'''s writer Christopher John Farley argued that the lesser sales of the album were due to the declining commercial power of alternative rock as a whole.<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Christopher John Farley| date = December 16, 1996| title=Waiting for the Next Big Thing |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | url=https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985707,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111214726/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985707,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 11, 2008 | access-date=December 30, 2007}}</ref> That same year, R.E.M. parted ways with manager Jefferson Holt, allegedly due to [[sexual harassment]] charges levied against him by a member of the band's home office in Athens.<ref name="holt">{{cite news| author=Jim DeRogatis| date=Fall 1996| title=New Adventures in R.E.M.| work=Request| url=https://www.jimdero.com/OtherWritings/Other%20R.E.M..htm| access-date=December 30, 2006| archive-date=October 17, 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017172726/https://www.jimdero.com/OtherWritings/Other%20R.E.M..htm| url-status=live}}</ref> The group's lawyer [[Bertis Downs]] assumed managerial duties.{{r|Buckley|page=259}}

===1997–2006: Continuing as three-piece with mixed success===
In April 1997, the band convened at Buck's [[Kauai]] vacation home to record demos of material intended for the next album. The band sought to reinvent its sound and intended to incorporate drum loops and percussion experiments.<ref name="berry leaving">{{cite news |last=Longino |first=Miriam |title=R.E.M.: To a different beat the famed Athens band becomes a threesome as drummer Bill Berry leaves to 'sit back and reflect' |work=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] |date=October 31, 1997}}</ref> Just as the sessions were due to begin in October, Berry decided, after months of contemplation and discussions with Downs and Mills, to tell the rest of the band that he was quitting.{{r|Buckley|page=276}} Berry told his bandmates that he would not quit if they would break up as a result, so Stipe, Buck, and Mills agreed to carry on as a three-piece with his blessing.{{r|Buckley|page=280}} Berry publicly announced his departure three weeks later in October 1997. Berry told the press, "I'm just not as enthusiastic as I have been in the past about doing this anymore . . . I have the best job in the world. But I'm kind of ready to sit back and reflect and maybe not be a pop star anymore."<ref name="berry leaving" /> Stipe admitted that the band would be different without a major contributor: "For me, Mike, and Peter, as R.E.M., are we still R.E.M.? I guess a three-legged dog is still a dog. It just has to learn to run differently."{{r|Buckley|page=280}}
[[File:Billberry.jpg|alt=Bill Berry behind a drum kit|left|thumb|After drummer [[Bill Berry]] quit in 1997, R.E.M. continued as a trio.]]
The band cancelled their scheduled recording sessions as a result of Berry's departure. "Without Bill it was different, confusing", Mills later said. "We didn't know exactly what to do. We couldn't rehearse without a drummer."<ref name="Johnny Black">{{cite book |last=Black |first=Johnny |title=Reveal: The Story of R.E.M. |publisher=[[Hal Leonard|Backbeat Books]] |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-87930-776-9 |oclc=440808870}}</ref>{{rp|page=[https://archive.org/details/revealstoryofrem00john/page/232 232]}} The remaining members of R.E.M. resumed work on the album in February 1998 at Toast Studios in San Francisco.{{r|Johnny Black|page= [https://archive.org/details/revealstoryofrem00john/page/233 233]}} The band ended their decade-long collaboration with Scott Litt and hired [[Patrick McCarthy (record producer)|Pat McCarthy]] to produce the record. [[Nigel Godrich]] was taken on as assistant producer, and drafted in [[Screaming Trees]] member [[Barrett Martin]] and [[Beck]]'s touring drummer [[Joey Waronker]]. The recording process was tense, and the group came close to disbanding. Bertis Downs called an emergency meeting in which the band members resolved their problems and agreed to continue as a group.{{r|Buckley|page=286}} Led by the single "[[Daysleeper]]", ''[[Up (R.E.M. album)|Up]]'' (1998) debuted in the top ten in the US and UK. However, the album was a relative failure, selling 900,000 copies in the US by mid-1999 and eventually selling just over two million copies worldwide.{{r|Buckley|page=287}} While R.E.M.'s American sales were declining, the group's commercial base was shifting to the UK, where more R.E.M. records were sold per capita than any other country and the band's singles regularly entered the Top 20.{{r|Buckley|page=292}}

A year after ''[[Up (R.E.M. album)|Up]]''{{'}}s release, R.E.M. wrote the instrumental score to the [[Andy Kaufman]] [[biographical film]] ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]'', a first for the group. The film took its title from the ''Automatic for the People'' song of the same name.<ref>{{cite web | date=March 1, 1999 | title=R.E.M. To Score 'Man On The Moon' | publisher=[[VH1]] | url=https://www.vh1.com/artists/news/512511/19990301/rem.jhtml | access-date=December 30, 2007 | archive-date=June 5, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605023010/http://www.vh1.com/artists/news/512511/19990301/rem.jhtml | url-status=dead }}</ref> The song "[[The Great Beyond]]" was released as a single from the ''[[Man on the Moon (soundtrack)|Man on the Moon]]'' soundtrack album. "The Great Beyond" only reached number 57 on the American pop charts, but was the band's highest-charting single ever in the UK, reaching number three in 2000.{{r|Buckley|pages=357–58}}

[[File:R.E.M. (25).JPG|thumb|alt=R.E.M. performing onstage, with Michael Stipe singing, Peter Buck playing guitar, and Scott McCaughey playing keyboards|R.E.M. on tour in 2008, with long-time collaborator [[Scott McCaughey]]]]

R.E.M. recorded the majority of their twelfth album ''[[Reveal (R.E.M. album)|Reveal]]'' (2001) in Canada and Ireland from May to October 2000.{{r|Johnny Black|pages= [https://archive.org/details/revealstoryofrem00john/page/248 248–249]}} ''Reveal'' shared the "lugubrious pace" of ''Up'',{{r|Buckley|page=303}} and featured drumming by Joey Waronker, as well as contributions by [[Scott McCaughey]] (a co-founder of the band [[the Minus 5]] with Buck), and [[Ken Stringfellow]] (founder of [[the Posies]]). Global sales of the album were over four million, but in the United States ''Reveal'' sold about the same number of copies as ''Up''.{{r|Buckley|page=310}} The album was led by the single "[[Imitation of Life (song)|Imitation of Life]]", which reached number six in the UK.{{r|Buckley|page=305}} Writing for ''Rock's Backpages'', The Rev. Al Friston described the album as "loaded with golden loveliness at every twist and turn", in comparison to the group's "essentially unconvincing work on ''New Adventures in Hi-Fi'' and ''Up''".<ref>{{cite web|author=The Rev. Al Friston|title=REM: Reveal (Warner Bros.)|work=rocksbackpages.com|date=December 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144845/https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/rem-ireveali-warner-bros|archive-date=October 19, 2013|url-status=dead|url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/rem-ireveali-warner-bros}}</ref> Similarly, [[Rob Sheffield]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called ''Reveal'' "a spiritual renewal rooted in a musical one" and praised its "ceaselessly astonishing beauty".<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Rob Sheffield | date = May 1, 2001 | title=R.E.M.: Reveal |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/rem/albums/album/114215/review/6067438/reveal | access-date=October 2, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071104013317/https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/rem/albums/album/114215/review/6067438/reveal |archive-date = November 4, 2007|url-status=dead| author-link = Rob Sheffield }}</ref>

In 2003, Warner Bros. released the compilation album and DVD ''[[In Time: The Best of R.E.M. 1988–2003]]'' and ''[[In View: The Best of R.E.M. 1988–2003]]'', which featured two new songs, "[[Bad Day (R.E.M. song)|Bad Day]]" and "[[Animal (R.E.M. song)|Animal]]". At a 2003 concert in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], Berry made a surprise appearance, performing backing vocals on "Radio Free Europe". He then sat behind the drum kit for a performance of the early R.E.M. song "Permanent Vacation", marking his first performance with the band since his retirement.<ref>{{cite web | author=MTV News staff | date=October 14, 2003 | title=For The Record: Quick News On Hilary Duff, JC Chasez And Corey Taylor, Mary J. Blige, Deftones, Marilyn Manson & More | publisher=MTV | url=https://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1479750/20031014/duff_hilary.jhtml | access-date=July 1, 2007 | archive-date=June 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607143157/https://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1479750/.jhtml | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Dansby |first1=Andrew |title=Berry Drops In on R.E.M. |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/berry-drops-in-on-r-e-m-189884/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=23 December 2023 |date=13 October 2003}}</ref>

R.E.M. released ''[[Around the Sun]]'' in 2004. During production of the album in 2002, Stipe said, "[The album] sounds like it's taking off from the last couple of records into unchartered R.E.M. territory. Kind of primitive and howling".<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Colin Devenish| date = September 6, 2002 | title=R.E.M. Get Primitive |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/rem/articles/story/5934751/rem_get_primitive | access-date=December 24, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080111221247/https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/rem/articles/story/5934751/rem_get_primitive |archive-date = January 11, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the album's release, Mills said, "I think, honestly, it turned out a little slower than we intended for it to, just in terms of the overall speed of songs."<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Gary Graff | date=September 11, 2006 | title=R.E.M. Bringing Back The Rock On New Album | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003119875 | access-date=December 24, 2007 | archive-date=January 11, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111164242/https://billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003119875 | url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Around the Sun'' received a mixed critical reception, and peaked at number 13 on the ''Billboard'' charts.<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Jonathan Cohen | date=September 5, 2006 | title=R.E.M. Plots One-Off Berry Reunion, New Album | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003087174 | access-date=July 1, 2007 | archive-date=July 3, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703071507/https://billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003087174 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The first single from the album, "[[Leaving New York]]", was a Top 5 hit in the UK.<ref>{{cite web | date=October 3, 2004 | title=It's a Prydz and Stone double top | work=[[NME]] | location=UK | url=https://www.nme.com/news/joss-stone/18180 | access-date=December 30, 2007 | archive-date=January 11, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111022405/https://www.nme.com/news/joss-stone/18180 | url-status=live }}</ref> For the record and subsequent tour, the band hired a new full-time touring drummer, [[Bill Rieflin]], who had previously been a member of several [[industrial music]] acts such as [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]] and [[Pigface]], and remained in that role for the duration of the band's active years.<ref>{{cite web | author=Andrew J. Nusca | date=May 2008 | title=Bill Rieflin&nbsp;– Steering R.E.M. Into Harder Waters | publisher=DRUMMagazine.com | url=https://www.drummagazine.com/features/post/bill-rieflin-steering-r.e.m.-into-harder-waters/ | access-date=May 5, 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314160417/https://www.drummagazine.com/features/post/bill-rieflin-steering-r.e.m.-into-harder-waters | archive-date=March 14, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The video album ''[[Perfect Square]]'' was released that same year.

===2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup===
[[File:R.E.M. on stage, 2008.jpg|alt=R.E.M. onstage|thumb|right|R.E.M. at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in 2008]]

[[EMI]] released a compilation album covering R.E.M.'s work during its tenure on I.R.S. in 2006 called ''[[And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987]]'' along with the video album ''[[When the Light Is Mine: The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987]]''—the label had previously released the compilations ''[[The Best of R.E.M.]]'' (1991), ''[[R.E.M.: Singles Collected]]'' (1994), and ''[[R.E.M.: In the Attic&nbsp;– Alternative Recordings 1985–1989]]'' (1997). That same month, all four original band members performed during the ceremony for their induction into the [[Georgia Music Hall of Fame]].<ref name=USAToday06>{{cite web | date=September 17, 2006 | title=R.E.M. inducted into Music Hall of Fame | work=[[USA Today]] | url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2006-09-17-REM-hall-of-fame_x.htm | access-date=May 12, 2012 | archive-date=October 15, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015185223/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2006-09-17-REM-hall-of-fame_x.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> While rehearsing for the ceremony, the band recorded a cover of [[John Lennon]]'s "[[Number 9 Dream|#9 Dream]]" for ''[[Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur]]'', a tribute album benefiting [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{cite web | author=Josh Grossberg | date=March 14, 2007 | title=R.E.M. Back in the Studio | work=[[E!|E! Online]] | url=https://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b54648_REM_Back_in_the_Studio.html | access-date=July 26, 2010 | archive-date=September 16, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916224409/https://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b54648_REM_Back_in_the_Studio.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The song—released as a single for the album and the campaign—featured Bill Berry's first studio recording with the band since his departure almost a decade earlier.<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Jonathan Cohen | date=March 12, 2007 | title=Original R.E.M. Quartet Covers Lennon For Charity | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1054016/original-rem-quartet-covers-lennon-for-charity | access-date=May 17, 2008 | archive-date=July 28, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728201742/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1054016/original-rem-quartet-covers-lennon-for-charity | url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2006, R.E.M. was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility.<ref>{{cite web | author=Joal Ryan | date=October 30, 2006 | url=https://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b53646_REM_Van_Halen_Headed_to_Hall.html | title=R.E.M., Van Halen Headed to Hall? | work=[[E!|E! Online]] | access-date=July 26, 2010 | archive-date=September 16, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916230651/https://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b53646_REM_Van_Halen_Headed_to_Hall.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The band was one of five nominees accepted into the Hall that year, and the induction ceremony took place in March 2007 at New York's [[Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]]. The group—which was inducted by Pearl Jam lead singer [[Eddie Vedder]]—performed three songs with Bill Berry; "[[Gardening at Night]]", "[[Man on the Moon (R.E.M. song)|Man on the Moon]]" and "[[Begin the Begin]]" as well as a cover of "[[I Wanna Be Your Dog]]".<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Jonathan Cohen | date=March 13, 2007 | title=R.E.M., Van Halen Lead Rock Hall's '07 Class | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1053989/rem-van-halen-lead-rock-halls-07-class | access-date=July 1, 2007 | archive-date=July 28, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728162625/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1053989/rem-van-halen-lead-rock-halls-07-class | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:MikeMills.jpg|upright=0.7|alt=Mike Mills plays bass guitar and sings into a microphone|thumb|Bassist Mike Mills performing in concert in 2008]]
Work on the group's fourteenth album commenced in early 2007. The band recorded with producer [[Jacknife Lee]] in Vancouver and Dublin, where it played five nights in the [[Olympia Theatre, Dublin|Olympia Theatre]] between June 30 and July 5 as part of a "working rehearsal".<ref>{{cite web | date=May 24, 2007 | title=REM begin recording new album | work=[[NME]] | location=UK | url=https://www.nme.com/news/rem/28545 | access-date=July 3, 2007 | archive-date=June 26, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626161904/https://www.nme.com/news/rem/28545 | url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[R.E.M. Live]]'', the band's first live album (featuring songs from a 2005 Dublin show), was released in October 2007.<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Jonathan Cohen | date=August 21, 2007 | title=R.E.M. Preps First Concert CD/DVD Set | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1049759/rem-preps-first-concert-cddvd-set | access-date=October 2, 2007 | archive-date=July 28, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728220624/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1049759/rem-preps-first-concert-cddvd-set | url-status=live }}</ref> The group followed this with the 2009 live album ''[[Live at the Olympia (R.E.M. album)|Live at The Olympia]]'', which features performances from its 2007 residency. R.E.M. released ''[[Accelerate (R.E.M. album)|Accelerate]]'' in early 2008. The album debuted at number two on the ''Billboard'' charts,<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Katie Hasty | date=April 9, 2008 | title=Strait Speeds Past R.E.M. To Debut At No.&nbsp;1 | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045912/strait-speeds-past-rem-to-debut-at-no-1 | access-date=April 10, 2008 | archive-date=July 28, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728165712/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045912/strait-speeds-past-rem-to-debut-at-no-1 | url-status=live }}</ref> and became the band's eighth album to top the British album charts.<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Paul Sexton | date=April 7, 2008 | title=R.E.M. Earns Eighth U.K. No.&nbsp;1 Album | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045945/rem-earns-eighth-uk-no-1-album | access-date=April 10, 2008 | archive-date=June 20, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620221121/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1045945/rem-earns-eighth-uk-no-1-album | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Rolling Stone'' reviewer [[David Fricke]] considered ''Accelerate'' an improvement over the band's previous post-Berry albums, calling it "one of the best records R.E.M. have ever made".<ref>{{cite magazine | author=David Fricke | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/19451585/review/19517097/accelerate?rating=11 | date = April 3, 2008 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] | title=''Accelerate'' review | access-date=April 10, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080423025237/https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/19451585/review/19517097/accelerate?rating=11 |archive-date = April 23, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:R.E.M. in 2008 at the Albert Hall.jpg|alt=A black-and-white photo of the members of R.E.M. embracing and smiling onstage|thumb|left|R.E.M. onstage in 2008]]

In 2010, R.E.M. released the video album ''[[R.E.M. Live from Austin, TX]]''—a concert recorded for ''[[Austin City Limits]]'' in 2008. The group recorded its fifteenth album, ''[[Collapse into Now]]'' (2011), with Jacknife Lee in locales including Berlin, Nashville, and New Orleans. For the album, the band aimed for a more expansive sound than the intentionally short and speedy approach implemented on ''[[Accelerate (R.E.M. album)|Accelerate]]''.<ref>{{cite web | author=William Goodman | date=November 3, 2010 | title=R.E.M. Tap Eddie Vedder, Patti Smith for Next Album | work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] | url=https://www.spin.com/2010/11/rem-tap-eddie-vedder-patti-smith-next-album/ | access-date=March 7, 2011 | archive-date=May 8, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508084824/https://www.spin.com/2010/11/rem-tap-eddie-vedder-patti-smith-next-album/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The album debuted at number five on the ''Billboard'' 200, becoming the group's tenth album to reach the top ten of the chart.<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Keith Caulfield | date=March 16, 2011 | title=Lupe Fiasco's 'Lasers' Lands at No.&nbsp;1 on ''Billboard'' 200 | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472523/lupe-fiascos-lasers-lands-at-no-1-on-billboard-200 | access-date=March 30, 2011 | archive-date=December 31, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231150901/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472523/lupe-fiascos-lasers-lands-at-no-1-on-billboard-200 | url-status=live }}</ref> This release fulfilled R.E.M.'s contractual obligations to Warner Bros., and the band began recording material without a contract a few months later with the possible intention of self-releasing the work.<ref name="postcollapse">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/r-e-m-begin-work-on-new-album-20110708 |title=R.E.M. Begin Work on New Album |author=Matt Perpetua |publisher=Straight Arrow Publishers Company, LP |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=September 21, 2011 |archive-date=September 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917190004/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/r-e-m-begin-work-on-new-album-20110708 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On September 21, 2011, R.E.M. announced via its website that it was "calling it a day as a band". Stipe said that he hoped fans realized it "wasn't an easy decision": "All things must end, and we wanted to do it right, to do it our way."<ref name="REM breakup">{{cite web | author=Robin Hilton | date=September 21, 2011 | title=R.E.M. Calls It A Day, Announces Breakup | publisher=[[NPR|NPR.org]] | url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/allsongs/2011/09/21/140670548/r-e-m-calls-it-a-day-announce-breakup | access-date=September 21, 2011 | archive-date=September 21, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921205938/https://www.npr.org/blogs/allsongs/2011/09/21/140670548/r-e-m-calls-it-a-day-announce-breakup | url-status=live }}</ref> Long-time associate and former Warner Bros. Senior Vice President of Emerging Technology Ethan Kaplan has speculated that shake-ups at the record label influenced the group's decision to disband.<ref name="rsbreakup">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/r-e-m-break-up-after-three-decades-20110921 |title=R.E.M. Breaks Up After Three Decades |author=Matthew Perpetua |publisher=Straight Arrow Publishers Company, LP |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=September 21, 2011 |access-date=September 21, 2011 |archive-date=September 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922002503/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/r-e-m-break-up-after-three-decades-20110921 |url-status=live }}</ref> The group discussed breaking up for several years, but was encouraged to continue after the lackluster critical and commercial performance of ''Around the Sun''; according to Mills, "We needed to prove, not only to our fans and critics but to ourselves, that we could still make great records."<ref name="rsbreak">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/alternate-take/exclusive-why-r-e-m-are-calling-it-quits-20110926 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927094828/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/alternate-take/exclusive-why-r-e-m-are-calling-it-quits-20110926 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |title=Exclusive: Mike Mills on Why R.E.M. Are Calling It Quits |author=David Fricke |publisher=Straight Arrow Publishers Company, LP |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=September 26, 2011 |access-date=September 26, 2011|author-link=David Fricke }}</ref> They were also uninterested in the business end of recording as R.E.M.<ref name="biz">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/news/2016/04/21/q-a-mike-mills-of-r-e-m-talks-reunion-georgia.html |title=Q&A: Mike Mills of R.E.M. talks reunion, Georgia, business decisions |author=Phil W. Hudson |work=[[Atlanta Business Chronicle]] |date=April 21, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-date=February 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203162153/https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/news/2016/04/21/q-a-mike-mills-of-r-e-m-talks-reunion-georgia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The band members finished their collaboration by assembling the compilation album ''[[Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage 1982–2011]]'', which was released in November 2011. The album is the first to collect songs from R.E.M.'s I.R.S. and Warner Bros. tenures, as well as three songs from the group's final studio recordings from post-''Collapse into Now'' sessions.<ref name="part">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/22/arts/music/rem-breaks-up-after-31-years-as-a-band.html?_r=1&hp |title=The End of R.E.M., and They Feel Fine | author=James C. McKinley Jr. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 21, 2011 |access-date=September 21, 2011 |archive-date=September 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924012615/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/22/arts/music/rem-breaks-up-after-31-years-as-a-band.html?_r=1&hp |url-status=live }}</ref> In November, Mills and Stipe did a brief span of promotional appearances in British media, ruling out the option of the group ever reuniting.<ref name="spinreunion">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.spin.com/2011/11/rem-wont-reunite-michael-stipe-says-uk-tv/ |author=Mike Hogan |access-date=November 5, 2011 |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |date=November 3, 2011 |title=R.E.M. Won't Reunite, Michael Stipe Says on U.K. TV |archive-date=September 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929080500/https://www.spin.com/2011/11/rem-wont-reunite-michael-stipe-says-uk-tv/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2011–present: Post-breakup releases and events===
In 2014, ''[[Unplugged: The Complete 1991 and 2001 Sessions]]'' was released for [[Record Store Day]].<ref name="rsd2014">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/r-e-m-to-release-2-unplugged-concerts-for-record-store-day-20140317 |title=R.E.M. to Release 2 'Unplugged' Concerts for Record Store Day |author=Jason Newman |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=Wenner Media, LLC |date=March 17, 2014 |access-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-date=July 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729222631/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/r-e-m-to-release-2-unplugged-concerts-for-record-store-day-20140317 |url-status=live }}</ref> Download collections of [[Complete Rarities: I.R.S. 1982–1987|I.R.S.]] and [[Complete Rarities: Warner Bros. 1988–2011|Warner Bros.]] rarities followed. Later in the year, R.E.M. compiled the video album box set ''[[REMTV]]'', which collected their two ''Unplugged'' performances along with several other documentaries and live shows, while their record label released the box set ''[[7IN—83–88]]'', made up of [[7-inch]] vinyl singles.<ref name="buck2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/music/r-e-m-s-peter-buck-on-7in-83-88-remtv-and-more-102931540566.html |title=Shiny Happy Records: R.E.M.'s Peter Buck Talks ''7IN— 83–88'' and ''REMTV'' Reissues |author=Craig Rosen |date=November 18, 2014 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]] |access-date=November 21, 2014 |archive-date=March 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319180946/https://www.yahoo.com/music/r-e-m-s-peter-buck-on-7in-83-88-remtv-and-more-102931540566.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2015, the band members agreed to a distribution deal with [[Concord Bicycle Music]] to re-release their Warner Bros. albums.<ref name="concord">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6812691/rem-concord-bicycle-music-licensing-warner-bros-albums |title=R.E.M. Taps Concord Bicycle to Handle Group's Warner Bros. Catalog: Exclusive |author=Melinda Newman |date=December 15, 2015 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] |access-date=April 21, 2020 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108165701/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6812691/rem-concord-bicycle-music-licensing-warner-bros-albums |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2016, R.E.M. signed a publishing administration deal with [[Universal Music Publishing Group]].<ref name="umpg">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6982283/rem-universal-music-publishing-group|title=R.E.M. Signs Global Catalog Deal With Universal Music Publishing Group|author=Lars Brandle|date=March 10, 2016|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=October 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012080424/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6982283/rem-universal-music-publishing-group|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2017, R.E.M. left [[Broadcast Music, Inc.]], who had represented their [[performance rights]] for their entire career, and joined [[SESAC]].<ref name="sesac">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7717092/rem-sesac-deal-catalog-performing-rights|title=R.E.M. Signs Performing Rights Deal With SESAC|author=Marc Schnieder|date=March 7, 2017|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=October 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030145505/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7717092/rem-sesac-deal-catalog-performing-rights/|url-status=live}}</ref> The first release under SESAC was the 2018 box set ''[[R.E.M. at the BBC]]'', followed in 2019 by ''[[Live at the Borderline 1991]]'' for Record Store Day. On March 24, 2020, Rieflin died of cancer.<ref name="br">{{Cite web |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/seattle-musician-bill-rieflin-of-king-crimson-r-e-m-dies-at-59/ |title=Seattle Musician Bill Rieflin of King Crimson, R.E.M. Dies at 59 |date=March 25, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2020 |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |last=Rietmulder |first=Michael |archive-date=March 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325145136/https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/seattle-musician-bill-rieflin-of-king-crimson-r-e-m-dies-at-59/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2019, during the presentation of his book of photographs in Rome, Stipe said: "I'm having dinner with Mike (Mills) just tomorrow night in London and I spoke to Peter (Buck) last night, we're good friends but R.E.M.'s time it's over, that's it".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redazione |date=2019-10-08 |title=Michael Stipe: "Il mio album solista? Non abbiate fretta". L'ex R.E.M. risponde a Il Cibicida |url=https://www.ilcibicida.com/dalla-rete/michael-stipe-il-mio-album-solista-non-abbiate-fretta-lex-rem-risponde-a-il-cibicida/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Il Cibicida |language=it-IT}}</ref>

In September 2021, a decade after disbanding, Stipe reiterated that R.E.M. had no intention of regrouping: "We decided when we split up that that would just be really tacky and probably money-grabbing, which might be the impetus for a lot of bands to get back together."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/michael-stipe-confirms-r-e-m-will-never-reunite-3051669 |title=Michael Stipe confirms R.E.M. will never reunite |work=NME |last=Triscari |first=Caleb |date=September 22, 2021 |access-date=September 27, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924212014/https://www.nme.com/news/music/michael-stipe-confirms-r-e-m-will-never-reunite-3051669}}</ref> In 2023, R.E.M. was nominated for induction into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]<ref name="swhof">{{Cite web |url=https://americansongwriter.com/bryan-adams-patti-smith-r-e-m-ann-wilson-doobie-brothers-among-2023-songwriters-hall-of-fame-nominees/ |language=en-US |title=Bryan Adams, Patti Smith, R.E.M., Ann Wilson, Doobie Brothers Among 2023 Songwriters Hall of Fame Nominees |work=[[American Songwriter]] |last=Benitez-Eves |first=Tina |date=November 14, 2022 |access-date=November 16, 2022}}</ref> and were inducted in June 2024.<ref name="induction">{{Cite magazine |url=https://americansongwriter.com/r-e-m-steely-dan-and-timbaland-among-the-2024-inductees-into-the-songwriters-hall-of-fame/ |title=R.E.M., Steely Dan, and Timbaland Among the 2024 Inductees Into the Songwriters Hall of Fame |magazine=[[American Songwriter]] |date=2024-01-17 |access-date=2024-01-17 |language=en-US |first=Tina |last=Benitez-Eves |department=Latest News |issn=0896-8993 |oclc=17342741}}</ref> To mark this occasion, on June 13, 2024, all four founding members reunited for their first public live performance since 2007 and performed an acoustic rendition of "Losing My Religion" in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aswad |first=Jem |date=2024-06-14 |title=R.E.M.'s Original Lineup Performs Publicly for the First Time in Nearly Three Decades at Songwriters Hall of Fame Ceremony |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/rem-original-lineup-live-three-decades-at-songwriters-hall-of-fame-ceremony-1236037599/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huhges |first=William |date=2024-06-13 |title=R.E.M. surprises Songwriters Hall Of Fame crowd with first on-stage reunion in 17 years |url=https://www.avclub.com/r-e-m-reunion-songwriters-hall-of-fame-video-1851539591 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=[[The A.&nbsp;V. Club]] |language=en-US}}</ref> They reunited for another live performance in February 2025, this time performing "Pretty Persuasion" at the 40 Watt Club in Athens, Georgia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/rem-surprise-reunion-athens-40-watt-club-pretty-persuasion-1235911993/|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=February 28, 2025|title=R.E.M. Stage Surprise Reunion at Athens' 40 Watt Club For Spirited Run Through 'Pretty Persuasion|accessdate=March 6, 2025|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref>

In 2024, during their first interview as a foursome in 27 years, the band was asked what it would take for them to re-form. "A comet", replied Mills. "Superglue", added Berry. When asked why it would not happen, Buck stated, "It would never be as good."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1qjo0Oz1qw |title=R.E.M. reflects on band's beginning, breakup and more in rare interview |date=2024-06-13 |last=CBS Mornings |access-date=2024-06-13 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

==Musical style==
{{listen|filename=R.E.M. Fall On Me 24 second OGG.ogg|title="Fall on Me" |description=Sample of "Fall on Me" from ''Lifes Rich Pageant'' (1986), which showcases Peter Buck's jangly, [[arpeggio|arpeggiated]] guitar style and features Michael Stipe and Mike Mills harmonizing in the chorus.}}

=== Sound and songwriting process ===
R.E.M.'s music has been described as [[alternative rock]],<ref>{{cite web|first=Steve|last=Baltin|url=https://www.spin.com/2020/04/r-e-m-great-songs-that-arent-its-the-end-of-the-world/|quote=But for those first getting into the Georgia-based alt-rock quartet of Michael Stipe, Mike Mills, Peter Buck and Bill Berry (the lineup from 1980 through 1997 until Berry’s departure) or those who haven’t listened to R.E.M. for some time, here is a guide to 10 of the band’s best tracks.|title=10 R.E.M. Great Songs That Aren't 'It's The End Of The World'|work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=April 5, 2020|access-date=April 20, 2021|archive-date=April 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409140309/https://www.spin.com/2020/04/r-e-m-great-songs-that-arent-its-the-end-of-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[college rock]],<ref name="college">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/r-e-m/biography |quote=R.E.M. were a group of arty Athens, Georgia guys who invented college rock |title=R.E.M. |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=Wenner Media |access-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-date=September 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906160146/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/r-e-m/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> [[folk rock]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/518931/stipe-carrey-duet-on-rem-penned-soundtrack/|title=Stipe, Carrey Duet On R.E.M.|work=[[MTV]].com|access-date=June 20, 2016|archive-date=June 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630191157/https://www.mtv.com/news/518931/stipe-carrey-duet-on-rem-penned-soundtrack/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[jangle pop]],<ref name="AllMusic Reckoning review">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/reckoning-mw0000191497 |title=''Reckoning'' – R.E.M. |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=April 26, 2018 |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |archive-date=June 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022543/https://www.allmusic.com/album/reckoning-mw0000191497 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[post-punk]],<ref name="AllMusic Reckoning review" />  and [[New wave music|new wave]].<ref name="StJames">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/media/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/new-wave-music |title=New Wave Music |encyclopedia=St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture |first=Steve |last=Graves |via=Encyclopedia.com |access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> In a 1988 interview, Peter Buck described R.E.M. songs as typically, "Minor key, mid-tempo, enigmatic, semi-folk-rock-balladish things. That's what everyone thinks and to a certain degree, that's true."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Halbersberg |first=Elianna |title=Peter Buck of R.E.M. |magazine=[[The Aquarian Weekly|East Coast Rocker]] |date=November 30, 1988}}</ref>

All songwriting is credited to the entire band, even though individual members are sometimes responsible for writing the majority of a particular song.<ref name="date">The Notorious Stuart Brothers. "A Date With Peter Buck". ''[[Bucketfull of Brains]]''. December 1987.</ref> Each member is given an equal vote in the songwriting process; however, Buck has conceded that Stipe, as the band's lyricist, can rarely be persuaded to follow an idea he does not favor.<ref name="remote control" /> Among the original line-up, there were divisions of labor in the songwriting process: Stipe would write lyrics and devise melodies, Buck would edge the band in new musical directions, and Mills and Berry would fine-tune the compositions due to their greater musical experience.{{r|Buckley|page=85}} Regarding Buck's driven approach, Mills said: "Someone's got to drive the train, and we were all more than happy to have Peter be our motivator." Stipe added, addressing Buck: "There's a body of work that wouldn't be there had you not been pushing us as hard as you did."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATHHACcw3Q4t=15m00s |title=Extended interview: R.E.M. on songwriting, breaking up and their lifelong friendship |date=2024-06-14 |last=CBS Mornings |access-date=2024-06-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

=== Vocals and lyrics ===
Michael Stipe sings in what R.E.M. biographer David Buckley described as "wailing, keening, arching vocal figures".{{r|Buckley|page=87}} Stipe often harmonizes with Mills in songs; in the chorus for "Stand", Mills and Stipe alternate singing lyrics, creating a dialogue.{{r|Buckley|pages=180–181}} Early articles about the band focused on Stipe's singing style (described as "mumbling" by ''[[The Washington Post]]''), which often rendered his lyrics indecipherable.<ref name=mumble>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/05/10/reckoning-with-rem/bb929767-c59c-4ca9-ac56-3338bb5f9824/|author=Joe Sasfy|title= Reckoning with R.E.M.|newspaper= [[The Washington Post]]|date= May 10, 1984}}</ref> ''[[Creem]]'' writer John Morthland wrote in his review of ''Murmur'', "I still have no idea what these songs are about, because neither me nor anyone else I know has ever been able to discern R.E.M.'s lyrics."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Morthland |first=John |title=R.E.M.: Murmur |magazine=[[Creem]] |date=July 1983}}</ref> Stipe commented in 1984, "It's just the way I sing. If I tried to control it, it would be pretty false."<ref name="Platt bucketfull">{{cite magazine |last=Platt |first=John |title= R.E.M. |magazine=[[Bucketfull of Brains]] |date=December 1984}}</ref> Producer Joe Boyd convinced Stipe to begin singing more clearly during the recording of ''Fables of the Reconstruction''.{{r|Buckley|page=133}}

Stipe referred to the lyrics in the chorus of "[[Sitting Still]]" from R.E.M.'s debut album, ''Murmur'', as "nonsense", saying in a 1994 online chat, "You all know there aren't words, ''per se'', to a lot of the early stuff. I can't even remember them." In truth, Stipe carefully crafted the lyrics to many early R.E.M. songs.{{r|Buckley|page=88}} Stipe explained in 1984 that when he started writing lyrics they were like "simple pictures", but after a year he grew tired of the approach and "started experimenting with lyrics that didn't make exact linear sense, and it's just gone from there."<ref name="Platt bucketfull" /> In the mid-1980s, as Stipe's pronunciation while singing became clearer, the band decided that its lyrics should convey ideas on a more literal level.{{r|Buckley|page=143}} Mills explained, "After you've made three records and you've written several songs and they've gotten better and better lyrically the next step would be to have somebody question you and say, are you saying anything? And Michael had the confidence at that point to say yes . . ."{{r|Buckley|page=150}} Songs like "Cuyahoga" and "Fall on Me" on ''Lifes Rich Pageant'' dealt with such concerns as pollution.{{r|Buckley|pages=156–157}} Stipe incorporated more politically oriented concerns into his lyrics on ''Document'' and ''Green''. "Our political activism and the content of the songs was just a reaction to where we were, and what we were surrounded by, which was just abject horror," Stipe said later. "In 1987 and '88 there was nothing to do but be active."<ref name="Perth">{{cite magazine |last=Olliffe |first=Michael |title=R.E.M. in Perth |magazine=On the Street |date=January 17, 1995}}</ref> Stipe has since explored other lyrical topics. ''Automatic for the People'' dealt with "mortality and dying. Pretty turgid stuff", according to Stipe,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Cavanagh |first=David |title=Tune in, cheer up, rock out |magazine=[[Q (magazine)|Q]] |date=October 1994}}</ref> while ''Monster'' critiqued love and mass culture.<ref name="Perth" /> Musically, Stipe stated that bands like [[T. Rex (band)|T. Rex]] and [[Mott the Hoople]] "really impacted me".<ref>{{cite web|first=Michael|last=Hann|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jan/18/michael-stipe-rem-not-good-rock-star-but-pretty-good-pop-star|title=I'm a pretty good pop star': Michael Stipe on his favourite REM songs|work=The Guardian|date=January 19, 2018|access-date=July 2, 2018|archive-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621030051/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jan/18/michael-stipe-rem-not-good-rock-star-but-pretty-good-pop-star|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Peter Buck Manchester - 2008.jpg|alt=Peter Buck playing guitar and smiling|thumb|left|Peter Buck's guitar-playing style has defined R.E.M.'s sound.]]

=== Instrumentation ===
Peter Buck's style of playing guitar has been singled out by many as the most distinctive aspect of R.E.M.'s music. During the 1980s, Buck's "economical, arpeggiated, poetic" style reminded British music journalists of 1960s American [[folk rock]] band [[the Byrds]].{{r|Buckley|page=77}} Buck has stated "[Byrds guitarist] [[Roger McGuinn]] was a big influence on me as a guitar player",{{r|Buckley|page=81}} but said it was Byrds-influenced bands, including [[Big Star]] and [[the Soft Boys]], that inspired him more.{{r|Fletcher|page=115}} Comparisons were also made with the guitar playing of [[Johnny Marr]] of alternative rock contemporaries [[the Smiths]]. While Buck professed being a fan of the group, he admitted he initially criticized the band simply because he was tired of fans asking him if he was influenced by Marr,<ref name="date" /> whose band had in fact made their debut after R.E.M.{{r|Fletcher|page=115}} Buck generally eschews guitar solos; he explained in 2002, "I know that when guitarists rip into this hot solo, people go nuts, but I don't write songs that suit that, and I am not interested in that. I can do it if I have to, but I don't like it."{{r|Buckley|page=80}} Mike Mills' melodic approach to bass playing is inspired by [[Paul McCartney]] of [[the Beatles]] and [[Chris Squire]] of [[Yes (band)|Yes]]; Mills has said, "I always played a melodic bass, like a piano bass in some ways . . . I never wanted to play the traditional locked into the [[kick drum]], [[root note]] bass work."{{r|Buckley|page=105}} Mills has more musical training than his bandmates, which he has said "made it easier to turn abstract musical ideas into reality."{{r|Buckley|page=81}}

==Legacy and influence==
[[File:Pavement, the band, in Tokyo.jpg|alt=Pavement members standing before a brick wall posing in a black-and-white photo|thumb|[[Pavement (band)|Pavement]], one of several bands to name R.E.M. as an influence, wrote the song "Unseen Power of the Picket Fence" in honor of them.]]

R.E.M. was pivotal in the creation and development of the alternative rock genre. [[AllMusic]] stated, "R.E.M. mark the point when [[post-punk]] turned into alternative rock."<ref name="allmusic" /> In the early 1980s, the musical style of R.E.M. stood in contrast to the post-punk and [[New wave music|new wave]] genres that had preceded it. Music journalist [[Simon Reynolds]] noted that the post-punk movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s "had taken whole swaths of music off the menu", particularly that of the 1960s, and that "After postpunk's demystification and New Pop's schematics, it felt liberating to listen to music rooted in mystical awe and blissed-out surrender." Reynolds declared R.E.M., a band that recalled the music of the 1960s with its "plangent guitar chimes and folk-styled vocals" and who "wistfully and abstractly conjured visions and new frontiers for America", one of "the two most important alt-rock bands of the day."<ref>Reynolds, Simon. ''Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984''. Penguin, 2005. {{ISBN |0-14-303672-6}}, p. 392</ref> With the release of ''Murmur'', R.E.M. had the most impact musically and commercially of the developing alternative genre's early groups, leaving in its wake a number of [[jangle pop]] followers.<ref>{{cite web | url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=essay/american-alternative-rock--post-punk-t578|pure_url=yes}} | title=American Alternative Rock / Post-Punk |author=Stephen Thomas Erlewine  | publisher=AllMusic| access-date=December 3, 2010 | author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine }}</ref>

R.E.M.'s early breakthrough success served as an inspiration for other alternative bands. ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' referred to the "R.E.M. model"—career decisions that R.E.M. made that set guidelines for other underground artists to follow in their own careers. ''Spin's'' Charles Aaron wrote that by 1985, "They'd shown how far an underground, punk-inspired rock band could go within the industry without whoring out its artistic integrity in any obvious way. They'd figured out how to buy in, not sellout-in other words, they'd achieved the American Bohemian Dream."<ref>{{cite book |last=Aaron |first=Charles |title=Spin: 20 Years of Alternative Music |section=The R.E.M. method and other rites of passage |publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]] |location=New York |date=2005 |isbn=978-0-307-23662-3 |edition=1st |oclc=60245596 |page=18}}</ref> [[Steve Wynn (songwriter)|Steve Wynn]] of [[Dream Syndicate]] said, "They invented a whole new ballgame for all of the other bands to follow whether it was [[Sonic Youth]] or [[The Replacements (band)|the Replacements]] or [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] or [[Butthole Surfers]]. R.E.M. staked the claim. Musically, the bands did different things, but R.E.M. was first to show us you can be big and still be cool."<ref>{{cite book|page= [https://archive.org/details/talkaboutpassion00sull/page/169 169]|author= Denise Sullivan|title= Talk About the Passion: R.E.M.: An Oral Biography|publisher= Underwood-Miller|date= 1994|isbn= 0-88733-184-X|url= https://archive.org/details/talkaboutpassion00sull/page/169}}</ref> Biographer David Buckley stated that between 1991 and 1994, a period that saw the band sell an estimated 30 million albums, R.E.M. "asserted themselves as rivals to [[U2]] for the title of biggest rock band in the world."{{r|Buckley|page=200}} Over the course of its career, the band has sold over 85 million records worldwide.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/alternate-take/exclusive-why-r-e-m-are-calling-it-quits-20110926 | title=Exclusive: Mike Mills on Why R.E.M. Are Calling It Quits | magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] | publisher=[[Jann Wenner|Wenner Media]] | date=September 26, 2011 | access-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927094828/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/alternate-take/exclusive-why-r-e-m-are-calling-it-quits-20110926 |archive-date=September 27, 2011 | author=Fricke, David | url-status=dead | author-link=David Fricke}}</ref> [[Colin Larkin]]'s ''[[All Time Top 1000 Albums]]'' stated that "Their catalogue is destined to endure as critics reluctantly accept their considerable importance in the history of rock".<ref name="Larkin">{{cite book |title=All Time Top 1000 Albums |title-link=All Time Top 1000 Albums |author=Colin Larkin  |author-link=Colin Larkin |publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=2000|edition=3rd|isbn=0-7535-0493-6|page=58}}</ref>

Numerous bands and artists have cited R.E.M. as an influence, including [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Pavement (band)|Pavement]], [[Radiohead]],<ref name="radiohead">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/the-one-i-love-radioheads-thom-yorke-on-the-mystery-and-influence-of-r-e-m-57193/ |title='The One I Love': Radiohead's Thom Yorke on the Mystery and Influence of R.E.M. |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |author=David Fricke |date=October 24, 2011 |author-link=David Fricke |access-date=November 29, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826092855/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-one-i-love-radioheads-thom-yorke-on-the-mystery-and-influence-of-r-e-m-20111024 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Pearl Jam]],<ref name="Sommer">{{cite news |last1=Sommer |first1=Tim |date=May 29, 2018 |title=How R.E.M. Changed American Rock Forever |url=https://www.insidehook.com/article/music/r-e-m-changed-american-rock-forever |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034148/https://www.insidehook.com/article/music/r-e-m-changed-american-rock-forever |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |access-date=April 24, 2020 |work=Inside Hook}}</ref> [[Live (band)|Live]],<ref name="liveinfluence">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.popmatters.com/175954-ed-kowalczyk-the-flood-and-the-mercy-2495715988.html |magazine=[[PopMatters]] |author=Kevin Catchpole |date=October 30, 2013 |title=Ed Kowalczyk: ''The Flood and the Mercy'' |access-date=November 29, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201053633/https://www.popmatters.com/175954-ed-kowalczyk-the-flood-and-the-mercy-2495715988.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Collective Soul]],<ref name="Sommer" /> [[Alice in Chains]],<ref name="Sommer" /> [[Better Than Ezra]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armstrong |first=Chuck |date=October 30, 2014 |title=Better Than Ezra's Kevin Griffin Talks New Album, Vinyl + More |url=https://diffuser.fm/better-than-ezra-kevin-griffin-all-together-now-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522010344/https://diffuser.fm/better-than-ezra-kevin-griffin-all-together-now-interview/ |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=[[Diffuser (website)|Diffuser]] |quote=Better Than Ezra’s foundation, we first started being influenced by R.E.M., [[Pixies (band)|the Pixies]], [[the Smiths]], then we just became more distorted, you know, that typical ’90s sound.}}</ref> [[Liz Phair]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Petrusich |first=Amanda |title=Liz Phair's Songs of Experience |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/liz-phairs-songs-of-experience |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419231608/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/liz-phairs-songs-of-experience |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |access-date=January 3, 2025 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |quote=There was R.E.M.—that was a big influence.}}</ref> and [[the Ocean Blue]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aparicio |first=Nestor |date=October 17, 1991 |title=The Ocean Blue can't shake the British-band comparisons |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/10/17/the-ocean-blue-cant-shake-the-british-band-comparisons/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130202314/https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/10/17/the-ocean-blue-cant-shake-the-british-band-comparisons/ |archive-date=January 30, 2025 |access-date=January 30, 2025 |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |quote=I think of American bands like R.E.M., who have influenced us as well, even now.}}</ref> "When I was 15 years old in Richmond, Virginia, they were a ''very'' important part of my life," Pavement's [[Bob Nastanovich]] said, "as they were for all the members of our band."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOIh4tn8TGYC&pg=RA1-PA122|page=122|author=Charles Aaron|title=Notes From The Under Ground|publisher=SPIN|date=Oct 2005|access-date=September 26, 2020|archive-date=November 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114210335/https://books.google.com/books?id=jOIh4tn8TGYC&pg=RA1-PA122|url-status=live}}</ref> Pavement's contribution to the ''[[No Alternative]]'' compilation (1993) was "Unseen Power of the Picket Fence", a song about R.E.M.'s early days.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.spin.com/featured/r-e-m-monster-august-1995-cover-story-strange-currencies/|last=Aaron |first=Charles |title=R.E.M. Comes Alive |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |date=August 1995}}</ref> According to their [[Twitter]] account, [[Local H]] created their name by combining the R.E.M. song titles "Oddfellows Local 151" and "Swan Swan H".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LocalH/status/563743249094164480|title=Local H on Twitter|access-date=August 2, 2016|archive-date=March 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328082946/https://twitter.com/localh/status/563743249094164480|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Black Francis]] of [[Pixies (band)|the Pixies]] described ''Murmur'' as "hugely influential" on his songwriting.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/03/pixies-frontman-black-francis-kim-deal-were-always-friends-but-nothing-is-for-ever |title=Pixies frontman Black Francis: 'Kim Deal? We're always friends – but nothing is for ever' |last=Pelley |first=Rich |date=February 3, 2022 |website=[[theguardian.com]]|access-date=April 9, 2022}}</ref> [[Kurt Cobain]] of Nirvana was a fan of R.E.M., and had unfulfilled plans to collaborate on a musical project with Stipe.{{r|Buckley|pages=239–240}} Cobain told ''Rolling Stone'' in a 1994 interview, "I don't know how that band does what they do. God, they're the greatest. They've dealt with their success like saints, and they keep delivering great music."<ref>{{cite magazine|author=David Fricke|title=Kurt Cobain: The Rolling Stone Interview|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date= January 27, 1994|author-link=David Fricke}}</ref> The Radiohead singer, Thom Yorke, said Radiohead had "ripped off R.E.M. blind for years",<ref name="Plagenhoef, Scott-2006">{{cite web |author=Plagenhoef, Scott |date=16 August 2006 |title=Interview: Thom Yorke |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/interviews/6402-thom-yorke/ |access-date=6 April 2007 |work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> and cited Stipe as his favorite lyricist."<ref name="Adams-2013">{{cite web |last=Adams |first=Tim |date=23 February 2013 |title=Thom Yorke: 'If I can't enjoy this now, when do I start?' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/feb/23/thom-yorke-radiohead-interview |access-date=26 April 2015 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> On November 3, 2023, the former [[The Monkees|Monkees]] member [[Micky Dolenz]] released an EP of R.E.M. cover songs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gustafson |first1=Hana |title=The Monkees' Micky Dolenz Announces R.E.M. Covers EP, Shares "Shiny Happy People" |url=https://jambands.com/news/2023/09/15/listen-the-monkees-micky-dolenz-announces-r-e-m-covers-ep-shares-shiny-happy-people/ |website=Jambands |publisher=Relix Media Group, LLC |access-date=September 17, 2023 |date=September 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Micky Dolenz – Dolenz Sings R.E.M. {{!}} Welcome to 7a Records |url=https://www.7arecords.com/product/micky-dolenz-dolenz-sings-r-e-m/ |website=7a Records |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref>

==Awards==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by R.E.M.}}

==Campaigning and activism==
[[File:Michael Stipe by David Shankbone.jpg|alt=Michael Stipe looking to the left of the camera, holding a bag and digital media player|thumb|Michael Stipe has used his celebrity status to support political and humanitarian causes; he is seen here at the 2007 [[Tribeca Film Festival]], which was created to renew that neighborhood of New York City after the [[September 11 attacks]].]]
Throughout R.E.M.'s career, its members sought to highlight social and political issues. According to the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', R.E.M. was considered to be one of the United States' "most liberal and politically correct rock groups."<ref>{{cite news |last=Philips |first=Chuck |title=R.E.M.'s Former Manager Denies Allegations of Sex Harassment |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 21, 1996}}</ref> The band's members were "on the same page" politically, sharing a [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] and [[Progressivism|progressive]] outlook.{{r|Buckley|page=155}} Mills admitted that there was occasionally dissension between band members on what causes they might support, but acknowledged "Out of respect for the people who disagree, those discussions tend to stay in-house, just because we'd rather not let people know where the divisions lie, so people can't exploit them for their own purposes." An example is that in 1990 Buck noted that Stipe was involved with [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]], but the rest of the band were not.{{r|Buckley|page=197}}

R.E.M. helped raise funds for environmental, feminist and human rights causes, and were involved in campaigns to encourage [[voter registration]].<ref name=":04"/> During the ''Green'' tour, Stipe spoke on stage to the audiences about a variety of socio-political issues.{{r|Buckley|page=186}} Through the late 1980s and 1990s, the band (particularly Stipe) increasingly used its media coverage on national television to mention a variety of causes it felt were important. One example is during the [[1991 MTV Video Music Awards]], Stipe wore a half-dozen white shirts emblazoned with slogans including "rainforest", "love knows no colors", and "handgun control now".{{r|Buckley|pages=195–196}}

R.E.M. helped raise awareness of [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] and [[Human rights in Myanmar|human rights violations in Myanmar]], when they worked with the Freedom Campaign and the [[US Campaign for Burma]].<ref>{{cite news | date=September 22, 2004 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3679512.stm | title=Bands back Burma activist Suu Kyi | work=[[BBC Online]] | access-date=June 30, 2007 | archive-date=September 22, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922204614/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3679512.stm | url-status=live }}</ref> Stipe himself ran ads for the 1988 election, supporting [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] presidential candidate and [[Massachusetts]] governor [[Michael Dukakis]] over then-Vice President [[George H. W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Craig McLean  | date = March 8, 2008| title=REM reborn |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3671711/REM-reborn.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3671711/REM-reborn.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | access-date=December 11, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2004, the band participated in the [[Vote for Change]] tour that sought to mobilize American voters to support Democratic presidential candidate [[John Kerry]].<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Josh Tyrangiel| date = October 3, 2004| title=Born to Stump |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | url=https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,709021-1,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103235741/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,709021-1,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 3, 2007 | access-date=July 1, 2007}}</ref> R.E.M.'s political stance, particularly coming from a wealthy rock band under contract to a label owned by a multinational corporation, received criticism from former ''[[Q magazine|Q]]'' editor [[Paul Du Noyer]], who criticized the band's "celebrity liberalism", saying, "It's an entirely pain-free form of rebellion that they're adopting. There's no risk involved in it whatsoever, but quite a bit of shoring up of customer loyalty."{{r|Buckley|page=299}}<!-- Expand. Needs better flow -->

From the late 1980s, R.E.M. was involved in the local politics of its hometown of Athens, Georgia.{{r|Buckley|page=192}} Buck explained to ''[[Sounds (magazine)|Sounds]]'' in 1987, "Michael always says think local and act local—we have been doing a lot of stuff in our town to try and make it a better place."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Wilkinson |first=Roy |title=The Secret File of R.E.M. |magazine=[[Sounds (magazine)|Sounds]] |date=September 12, 1987}}</ref> The band often donated funds to local charities and helped renovate and preserve historic buildings in the town.{{r|Buckley|page=194}}<ref name=":04"/> R.E.M.'s political clout was credited with the narrow election of Athens mayor Gwen O'Looney twice in the 1990s.{{r|Buckley|page=195}}<ref name=":04"/> The band is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://artistsagainstracism.org/artists/|title=Artists - Artists Against Racism|website=artistsagainstracism.org|access-date=June 19, 2018|archive-date=October 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007013905/https://artistsagainstracism.org/artists/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2025 the band released a remix of their 1983 hit "Radio Free Europe" in support of the [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|eponymous organization]], which was facing severe budget cuts from the [[Donald Trump|Trump]] organization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Anthony |last2=Earl |first2=Jennifer |last3=Castagna |first3=Rebecca |date=2025-05-02 |title=R.E.M. frontman Michael Stipe says releasing "Radio Free Europe" remix was easy decision: "Important to democracy" - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rem-frontman-michael-stipe-new-radio-free-europe-remix/ |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Members==
[[File:R.E.M. performing Let Me In, 2007.jpg|alt=Musicians huddled around a piano|thumb|R.E.M. on their final tour (from left to right): guitarist Peter Buck (on piano), touring musician Scott McCaughey, vocalist Michael Stipe (back to camera), touring drummer Bill Rieflin (on guitar), and bassist Mike Mills]]
[[File:Scott McCaughey 01.jpg|alt=Scott McCaughey playing guitar|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Scott McCaughey]] was a touring member of R.E.M. from 1994 until their disbandment.]]

===Main members===
* [[Bill Berry]]&nbsp;– drums, percussion, backing vocals (1980–1997, 2024, 2025; occasional concert appearances with the band 2003–2007)
* [[Peter Buck]]&nbsp;– guitar, mandolin, banjo (1980–2011, 2024, 2025)
* [[Mike Mills]]&nbsp;– bass, keyboards, backing vocals (1980–2011, 2024, 2025)
* [[Michael Stipe]]&nbsp;– lead vocals (1980–2011, 2024, 2025)

===Non-musical members===
* [[Bertis Downs]]&nbsp;– attorney (1980–2011), manager (1996–2011)
* [[Jefferson Holt]]&nbsp;– manager (1981–1996)
Several publications made by the band, such as album [[liner notes]] and fan club mailers, list Downs and Holt alongside the four founding band members<ref name="bdjh">Cf. (e.g.) the [[liner notes]] to ''[[Monster (R.E.M. album)|Monster]]''</ref><ref name="holt" />

===Touring and session musicians===
*[[Buren Fowler]]&nbsp;– guitar (1986–1987)
*[[Peter Holsapple]]&nbsp;– guitar, bass, keyboards (1989–1991)
*[[Scott McCaughey]]&nbsp;– guitar, keyboards, backing vocals, occasional bass (1994–2011)
*[[Nathan December]]&nbsp;– guitar, percussion (1994–1995)
*[[Joey Waronker]]&nbsp;– drums, percussion (1998–2002)
*[[Barrett Martin]]&nbsp;– drums, percussion (1998)
*[[Ken Stringfellow]]&nbsp;– keyboards, bass, backing vocals, occasional guitar (1998–2005)
*[[Bill Rieflin]]&nbsp;– drums, percussion, occasional keyboards and guitar (2003–2011; died 2020)

====Timeline====
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 id:g     value:green       legend:Guitar
 id:m     value:drabgreen   legend:Mandolin,_banjo
 id:k     value:purple      legend:Keyboards
 id:b     value:blue        legend:Bass
 id:d     value:orange      legend:Drums
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  at:12/04/1983
  at:09/04/1984
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  at:12/03/1991
  at:05/10/1992
  at:27/09/1994
  at:09/09/1996
  at:26/10/1998
  at:13/11/2000
  at:05/10/2004
  at:31/03/2008
  at:07/03/2011

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  bar:December     text:"Nathan December"
  bar:McCaughey    text:"Scott McCaughey"
  bar:Stringfellow text:"Ken Stringfellow"
  bar:Mills        text:"Mike Mills"
  bar:Berry        text:"Bill Berry"
  bar:Waronker     text:"Joey Waronker"
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  bar:Berry             from:13/06/2024 till:13/06/2024 color:p
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  bar:Rieflin           from:09/06/2003 till:21/09/2011 color:st    width:3
}}

==Discography==
{{Main|R.E.M. discography|List of songs recorded by R.E.M.}}
'''Studio albums'''
* ''[[Murmur (album)|Murmur]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Reckoning (R.E.M. album)|Reckoning]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Fables of the Reconstruction]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Lifes Rich Pageant]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Document (album)|Document]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Green (R.E.M. album)|Green]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Out of Time (album)|Out of Time]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Automatic for the People]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Monster (R.E.M. album)|Monster]]'' (1994)
* ''[[New Adventures in Hi-Fi]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Up (R.E.M. album)|Up]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Reveal (R.E.M. album)|Reveal]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Around the Sun]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Accelerate (R.E.M. album)|Accelerate]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Collapse into Now]]'' (2011)

== Concert tours ==
{{main|List of R.E.M. concert tours}}

* ''Rapid.Eye.Movement.'' Tour (1981)<ref name="Yashin Award322">{{cite web |title=The R.E.M. Timeline |url=https://www.remtimeline.com |website=www.remtimeline.com}}</ref>
* ''Chronic Town'' Tour (1982)
* ''Murmur'' Tour (1983)
* ''Little America'' Tour (1984)
* ''Reconstruction'' Tour (1985)
* ''Pageantry'' Tour (1986)
* ''Work'' Tour (1987)
* ''Green'' World Tour (1989)
* ''Monster'' World Tour (1995)
* ''Up'' World Tour (1998/99)
* ''Reveal'' World Tour (2001)
* ''In Time'' World Tour (2003)
* ''Around the Sun'' World Tour (2004/05)
* ''Accelerate'' World Tour (2008)

==See also==
{{Portal|Rock music|Georgia (U.S. state)}}
*[[List of alternative rock artists]]
*[[List of R.E.M. concert tours]]
{{Clear}}

==References==

{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Gray">{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Marcus |title=It Crawled from the South: An R.E.M. Companion |date=1997 |publisher=[[Da Capo Press]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-306-80751-0 |oclc=35924957 |edition=Rev.}}</ref>
<ref name="Fletcher">{{cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Tony |title=Remarks Remade: The Story of R.E.M. |publisher=[[Omnibus Press]] |date=2002 |isbn=978-0-7119-9113-2 |oclc=473533197}}</ref>
<ref name="Buckley">{{cite book |last=Buckley |first=David |title=R.E.M. Fiction: An Alternative Biography |date=2002 |publisher=Virgin |location=London |isbn=978-1-85227-927-1}}</ref>
}}

===Sources===
* Black, Johnny. ''Reveal: The Story of R.E.M.'' Backbeat, 2004. {{ISBN |0-87930-776-5}}
* Buckley, David. ''R.E.M.: Fiction: An Alternative Biography''. Virgin, 2002. {{ISBN |978-1-85227-927-1}}
* Gray, Marcus. ''It Crawled from the South: An R.E.M. Companion''. Da Capo, 1997. Second edition. {{ISBN |0-306-80751-3}}
* Fletcher, Tony. ''Remarks Remade: The Story of R.E.M.'' Omnibus, 2002. {{ISBN |978-0-7119-9113-2}}.
* Platt, John (editor). ''The R.E.M. Companion: Two Decades of Commentary''. Schirmer, 1998. {{ISBN| 0-02-864935-4}}
* Sullivan, Denise. ''Talk About the Passion: R.E.M.: An Oral Biography''. Underwood-Miller, 1994. {{ISBN |0-88733-184-X}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|n=no|b=no|v=no|species=no|s=no|voy=no|d=Q134969}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://archive.org/search?query=subject%3A%22R.E.M.%22&and%5B%5D=mediatype%3A%22audio%22 R.E.M.] on the [[Internet Archive]]
* {{AllMusic}}
* {{Discogs artist}}
* {{Musicbrainz artist}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* [https://dr.loudness-war.info/album/list?artist=R.E.M. Dynamic Range DB entry for R.E.M.]

{{R.E.M.|state=uncollapsed}}
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{{Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award}}
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[[Category:R.E.M.| ]]
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